THE FOLLOW-UP SERVICE

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• Follow-up in guidance applies to in-school and out-of-school situations.

• Intended to secure information about former students.

• To provide continuing services for students after they leave school.

• It applies to recheck on the effectiveness of in-school guidance services, as well as a recheck on the school’s instructional program after the students have terminated their school experience.

THE FOLLOW-UP SERVICE

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Benefits

In-school Follow-up

• help students make good adjustments.

• diminishes the number of drop-outs.

Out-of-school Follow-up

• help administrators and curriculum makers to better adjust instructional offerings to the needs of the students.

• serve to encourage students by letting them know that their school is following their careers and is concerned with their success in their chosen life work.

THE FOLLOW-UP SERVICE

Purposes of the out-of-school follow-up

• To instil in the graduates a sense of belongingness and security which result when a school continues to seek the advancement and satisfaction of its alumni.

• To analyse the effectiveness of the school curricula.

• To secure occupational information.

• To secure data for the curriculum revision.

• To secure data for the prevention of school drop-outs.

• To train the students in the needs of community enterprises.

• To offer citizenship training that makes for satisfied and adjusted members of the community.

• To offer proper graduate guidance education.©Jamaica Olazo

TECHNIQUES FOR FOLLOW-UP STUDIES

Among the

techniques for follow-

up studies which have

been found to be

successful are:

Questionnaires for

former students.

Questionnaires for

employers.

Interviews with

former students.

Interviews with employers.

A study of former students in directories and personnel records.

Studies of former students at homecoming time.

Reports form institutions of higher learning.

©Jamaica Olazo

THE COUNSELLING

SERVICES

COUNSELLING

is the core of the guidance program.

As the most vital aspect of guidance, counselling as used in the book, is a

form of intervention that leads to a more effective behaviour.

Is a type of talking therapy that allows a person to talk their problems and feelings in a confidential

and dependable environment.

Dugald Arbuckle A process in which the counsellor assists the counselee to make interpretations of facts relating to a choice, plan or adjustment which he needs to make.

Other Definitions of Counselling

Carl RogersDefinitely structured, permissive relationship which allows the client to gain an understanding of himself to a degree which enables him to take positive steps in the light of his new situation.

Other Definitions of Counselling

Gilbert WrennIs concerned with decision – making skills and problem resolution where the counsellor aids in decision - making, in expanding his behaviour patterns in desired directions.

Other Definitions of Counselling

Donald StefflreCounselling is a learning – teaching process, for the client learns about his life space.

Pietrofesa et al. Counselling is a professional service offered by a competent counsellor.

Clarence DunsmoorA face-to-face conversation between a pupil and a member of the school staff for the purpose of considering some of his problems and a desirable course of action.

Other Definitions of Counselling

PURPOSES OF COUNSELLING

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MERLE OHLSEN OFFERS THE SECONDARY PURPOSES OF

COUNSELING:

To provide information important to a person's growth and development.

To get information from persons which will be of help to them in solving their problems.

To establish a feeling of mutual understanding between pupils/students and teacher.

To help the individuals work out a plan for solving their difficulties.

To help the individuals know themselves better, their interests, abilities, aptitudes, and available opportunities.

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FIVE GENERAL GOALS OF

COUNSELLING

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Facilitating

behavior change

Improving client's

ability to cope

Enhancing the client's

ability to cope

Promoting the decision-

making process

Facilitating client potential

and development

Five General Goals of

Counselling

TYPES OF COUNSELLING

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Directive CounselingAlso termed as “CLINICAL COUNSELLING” associated with the clinical method by Williamson this type of counselling is mostly counsellor-centred because it allows the counsellor to give the counselee information about the latter, his/her opportunities , and his/her problems.

TYPES OF COUNSELLING

Nondirective Counseling

This type of counselling is an offshoot of the theories of Rogers and Strang.

This type is regarded as client-centered because the responsibility is given to the clients for exploring their own problem.

TYPES OF COUNSELLING

Eclectic Counselling

A combination of the good features of the directive and non-directive counselling is eclectic counselling.

TYPES OF COUNSELLING

ELEMENTS OF COUNSELLING

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1.The Counsellor-the “helper” in the counselling

process; a person who is

professionally capable to

extend help.

ELEMENTS OF COUNSELLING

2. The Counselee the “helpee” in the counselling

relationship; the person who

seeks help and lets

himself/herself be subject for

counselling.

3. The counselling

environment – a place to facilitate

counselling. A clinic, office

or a counselling cubicle

but most of all a good

counselling relationships

that should prosper.

PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELLING

PRINCIPLES OF INDIVIDUALIZATION

requires the counsellor to recognize and understand the clients unique characteristics. Recognition and understanding of their Unique characteristics give them the feeling that they are treated individuals.

PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELLING

Each clients is a unique

individual.

Each problem s/he present

is a specific one.

Each counselling

relationship should be

based on the client and the

peculiar circumstances

which brought about the

problems.

PRINCIPLE OF PURPOSEFUL EXPRESSION OF FEELINGS

The counselor must recognize the clients’ need to express their feelings freely. The feelings of clients, whether they are negative or positiveshould be expressed in the counseling process.

PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELLING

Observing the clients is as

important as listening to what

they say and what they do not

say.

client’ gesture

clients’ manner of self-

expression

encourage the clients to

express their feelings

include trust and

confidence of the client

PRINCIPLE OF CONTROLLED EMOTIONAL INVOLVEMENT

This principle implies that the counseloravoid being overwhelmed by the counselee’s emotionsduring the counselingprocess.

PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELLING

He should be sensitive and

responsive to the client’s

feeling without being too

emotionally involved.

empathizing with them

temper his/her emotional

involvement with clients

by keeping the right

Perspective

PRINCIPLE OF ACCEPTANCE

When the counsellor takes the clients as they really are:

Persons with dignity, personal worth, and positive and negative Characteristics, he/she is actually putting into practice the principle of acceptance.

PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELLING

Acceptance forms • provides the clients

security which may

relieve their anxiety

about their problem.

• helps maintain the inner

sense of dignity of the

clients’ inner sense of

dignity

PRINCIPLE OF NON-JUDGEMENTAL ATTITUDE

Based on the need for the counsellor to be free of preconceived notions.

Evaluate rather than judge his/her client’s attitudes and behaviour.

PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELLING

Careful appraisal and

study of the counsellor

should:

evaluate his/her clients’

attitudes and behaviour

objectively

avoid comparing the client

with another person who has

a similar problem.

not allow prejudices to affect

the counselling process.

PRINCIPLE OF CLIENT SELF DETERMINATION

Revolves around the right and the need of the clients to be free to make their own choices and decisions. The adolescents have both the right and the need to be free to make their own choices and decisions.

PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELLING

• It is the counsellor's ability to:

• respect their right and

stimulate their potential

for self determination.

• offer them options or

alternatives upon which to base

their decision

• be able to present as many

alternatives as possible

• create an atmosphere

conducive to problem-solving

PRINCIPLE OF CONFIDENTIALITY

Confidentiality is the preservation of secret information disclosed by the client during the counselling process.

This principle lays down the responsibility of counsellors to safeguards any confidential information shared during counselling.

PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELLING

• It is the counsellor's

responsibility to:

• to ensure privacy during the

interview.

• illustrate adherence to the

importance of her

confidentiality.

• respect this right

• developing trust between the

counsellor and the client

Thank you!!!

©Jamaica Olazo