gsm based industrial monitor

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B.E PROJECT

13

GSM BasedIndustrial Monitor

Mohammed Adil Akram


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Contents

i. Abstractii. Acknowledgementiii. L ist of f iguresiv. L ist of tables

Chapter 1.I ntroduction 7

Chapter 2.Li terature and sur vey 12

2.1 project survey2.2 competing GSM with SCADA

Chapter 3.Proposed technology 193.1 Block description 203.2 What is GSM 213.3 What is PIC Microcontroller 22

Chapter 4.Hardware And Software Design 25

4.1 Circuit Simulation4.2 Program 254.3 Temperature Sensor4.4 GSM Modem

Chapter5. Results 26

Chapter 6.Conclusion and Recommendations 31

Chapter 7.Future scope and Applications

Chapter 8.Datasheets

Chapter 9.Bibliography


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(i) ABSTRACT

The final year project aims at exposing the students undergoing

higher technical studies to the thoughts and logic that must be

developed to ensure that one is able to integrate his/her ideas into

something concrete.

This generally is initiated by the inception of an idea or a

concept, which not only aims at developing a product (Hardware or

Software), but also the in-depth study of the earlier existing products in

the same category and their deficiencies. Accordingly an approach is

taken to propose a solution, which is better from the previous ones in one

respect or the other.

With the same approach in mind, we, the final year

students of Bachelor of ENGINEERING (Electronics), have taken up the

SMS BASED INDUSTRIAL MONITORas our final year project.

Automated monitoring systems are a useful addition to

todays industries where safety is an important issue. Industrial

monitoring systems have the advantage of being easy to set up,

inexpensive and non-obtrusive. Industrial monitoring system is for

detecting an unwanted condition in motor operations. Industrial

monitoring system has a SMS service to inform the user about the

current conditions of the motor.


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(ii) Acknowledgement

EDUCATION IS THE MANIFESTATION OF PERFECTION

ALREADY INMAN.

SWAMI VIVEKANAND

We did have faith in this gospel preached by Swamiji. But it was our project, which

made us understand it in real sense. Our project, at every step, made us think a lot and showed us

the way of interlinking theoretical knowledge with practical implementation. We do not claim

that we have invented a big thing, but we only want to mention that this project has given as a

feel of self satisfaction.

First, we would like to express our best regards to our project guide Prof.

MR.PRADEEP YADAV, whose valuable guidance, encouragement, and provision of necessary

facilities made this work possible.

We are also thankful to our respected Head of the Department Prof. MR.RAEESAHMED whose help and shared knowledge was the main support to complete our project

Our special thanks to our project coordinator Prof. MR.VIJAY GHANOKAR who

helped us a lot through the problems we came across. We are absolutely grateful to all non-

teaching staff for their assistance which is key factor behind our success.

Our special thanks to a dear friend MOHAMMED SAALIM ANSARI who helped us

unconditionally in this project without whom this achievement would not have been realizable.

Finally we offer our great thanks and regards to our family for their support which helped

us through the difficulty and hardships of life to earn this achievement.


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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure no Name of figure Page no

3.1 Block diagram

3.2 Architecture of GSM network

3.1.2 Pic18 pin configuration

3.1.3 Pic18 architecture

4.1.1 Simulation on software

4.1.2 Program

4.2.1 Resistive voltage divider

4.3.1 Lm35

4.4.1 Top view of GSM

4.4.2 SIM card interface

4.4.3 GSM to max 232 and PIC connection

4.4.4 GSM to 3G technology


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LIST OF TABLES

Table no Name of table Page no

2.1 GSM and SCADA

3.1 GSM characteristics

4.4.1 Select SMS message format

4.4.2 Read SMS message

4.4.3 Delete SMS message

5.1.1 Output


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Chapter

1

INTRODUCTION


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Introduction

The microcontroller Monitor the Industrial parameter. Voltage transformer is used to monitor the

voltage, then it given the voltage signals to precession rectifier unit in which converted into

analog voltage and given to ADC.

ADC is nothing but analog to digital converter which converts the incoming analog

signals to digital data and given to micro controller. Similarly current is monitored by current

transformer then it will give to shunt resistor the shunt resistor convert voltage level and given to

precession rectifier unit. Then its given to ADC. The ADC is convert into digital Signal and

given to Micro controller. The temperature is monitored by thermister and Converters into

digital Signal and given to Micro controller. The speed is measure by speed sensor. Speed sensor

is nothing but proximity sensor which detects the metals. The metal plate is attached in the motor

shaft. So whenever the metals cross the proximity it generates the pulse and given to micro

controller all the parameters monitored and its transmitted to another mobile.

Here the Micro controller may be Atmel or PIC Micro Controller both is flash type

reprogrammable micro controller they can interface with Mobile. To Interface the micro

controller to Mobile we need level converter which current TTL compatible voltage level to

RS232 voltage level.


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Chapter 2

Literature and survey

2.1 PROJECT SURVEY

2.2 GSM COMPETING WITH SCADA


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2.1 PROJECT SURVEY

EXISTING TECHNOLOGIESMajority of the companies in INDIA have not implemented Automation practices in industry.

Except few large industries majority of the companies cannot afford to invest huge amount of

money in the existing costly setups to meet the requirements of Industrial Automation.

Existing methods widely use the following technologies to communicate the information from

one end to the other end of the company.

Using Bluetooth -- But it is limited to short range.

Using Zigbee / IEEE802.15.4 -- Range is up to only few Kms maximum.

Using Wi-Fi -- Requires costly equipment setup and high power consumption.All the methods discussed above are quite expensive and complex to implement and not very

reliable. The availability of information at various nodes simultaneously is not achieved.

2.1.1 Bluetooth Technology

Bluetooth Technology is a radio frequency (RF)-based, short-range connectivity technology that

promises to change the face of computing and wireless communication. It is designed to be an

inexpensive, wireless networking system for all classes of portable devices. The projected cost of

the Radio chip was around $5.

A complete Bluetooth system will require these elements:

An RF portion for receiving and transmitting data includes short-range radio transceiver, anexternal antenna, and a clock reference (required for synchronization)

A module with a baseband microprocessor Memory An interface to the host device (such as a mobile phone)

Its normal range of operation is 10m (at 1mW transmit power) and can be increased up to 100mby increasing the transmit power to 100mW. The system operate in unlicensed 2.4 GHz

frequency band, hence it can be used worldwide without any licensing issues. It provides an

aggregate bit rate of approximately 1Mbps.
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2.1.2 Zigbee Technology

The Zigbee radio specification designed for low cost and power consumption than Bluetooth.

The specification is based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The radio operates in the same ISM band

as Bluetooth and is capable of connecting 255 devices per network. The specification supports

data rates of up to 250Kbps at a range of up to 30m. These data rates are slower than Bluetooth,

but in exchange the radio consumes significantly with low power with a large transmission

range. The goal of Zigbee is to provide radio operation for months or years without recharging,

thereby targeting applications such as sensor networks and inventory tags.

The beauty of Zigbee is that devices from different manufacturers will be able to work together,as long as all are compliant to the standard. It has been suggested that the name evokes the

haphazard paths that bees follow as they harvest pollen, similar to the way packets would move

through a mesh network.

Zigbee is standardized at two levels the radio chips must follow certain design rules, and the

protocol layers that actually make the network function are defined and controlled by the Zigbee

Alliance. Advantages are: Reliable and self healing, Supports large number of nodes, Easy to

deploy, Very long battery life, Secure and Low cost.

2.1.3 Wi-Fi Technology

Wi-Fi is the name given by the Wi-Fi Alliance to the IEEE 802.11 suite of standards. 802.11

defined the initial standard for wireless local area networks (WLANs).

But because of its costly equipment setup and high power consumption this technology is not

preferred.
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2.2 GSM COMPETING WITH SCADA

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems are currently widely used in

unmanned substations. The systems use wired communication mode including setting up cables

or fiber-optic cables or renting telephone lines or ADSL from China Telecommunication

Corporations. However, it is not feasible to build SCADA systems for prefabricated substations,

because of the great difficulties to setting up wired network to the remote areas and the high

operating and construction cost.

Scope GSM SCADA

Advantages

Cost Saving-using public GSM network instead

of setting up cables or renting specialized

telephone lines.

Smart-microprocessor based monitoring

system can function as self-diagnosis and

automatic alarm.Mobility-cell phones can function as mobile

controllers to receive alarm and status data and to

send simple commands.

Easy for Expansion-a newly built prefab-

substation can be monitored by just installing a

microprocessor-based device with a GSM/GPRS

module on it.

Higher reliability of data

transmission.

More developed

technology for centralized

system control.

Disadvantages

Communication quality depends on the public

GSM network traffic.

The Centralized administration system in

control station still needs future development.

Long construction period

and high construction cost.

Cannot be monitored by

mobile devices.
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Applications

Suitable for small-size substation distributed in

wide areas power distribution system with a very

large RTU number capacity.

Suitable for large scale

substations.

Table 2.1: Comparing GSM with SCADA system

Also, most SCADA systems only function as the data detection and transmission. The data

processing and fault diagnosis will be done in control center. So when using SCADA systems,

the substations cannot be controlled by mobile controllers.

The GSM network that is run by China Mobile Communication Corp. provides reliable

communication quality with nationwide coverage. Short message service (SMS) that is ideal for

intermittent small packet data transmission has now become the most widely used value added

service based upon GSM standard. Meanwhile, the decreasing cost of GSM network devices

such as mobile phones and GSM module has made them an attractive option for other wireless

communication applications. By utilizing GSM SMS and assigning a unique address (SIM card

number) to each remote control unit, data and commands can be transmitted in the wireless

communication network. This paper presents design and implementation of a distributed

monitoring and centralized controlling system for prefabricated substations. The system

completely meets the demand of low cost and high level automation by introducing the

microprocessor based RTUs and mobile communication technology.

GPRS supports worlds leading packet based internet protocols that makes highly efficient use of

radio spectrum and enables high data speed. It enables any exiting IP or X.25 application to

operate over a GSM cellular connection. Its data speed varies from 115Kbps to 117Kbps but it is

likely to average at 56Kbps.

It was developed to enable GSM operators to meet the following key features:

It is a step towards 3G.

Higher bandwidth and therefore data speed. Seamless, immediate and continues connection to the internetalways on-line. New text and visual data content services.

Packet switched rather than circuit switched which enable higher radio spectrum efficiency.
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Chapter 3

Proposed technology

3.1 Block description

3.2 What is GSM?

3.3What is PIC Microcontroller


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3.1 BLOCK DESCRIPTION

In this Project an attempt has been made to develop a GSM (Global System for Mobil

communication) based industrial Automation system. Using the public GSM networks, an

industrial automation system has been proposed, designed, implemented and tested. The design

of a stand-alone embedded system that can monitor and control various process and equipment

and critical systems locally using built-in input and output peripherals is presented.

Remotely, the system allows the various authorities monitoring and controlling the critical

parameters via the mobile phone set by sending commands in the form of SMS messages and

receiving the process status. The GSM modem provides the communication media between the

Authority and the system by means of SMS messages. The system software driver is also

developed using an interactive C programming language platform.
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Fig no: 3.1

3.1.1 Basic Principle

Micro controller is interfaced with sensors, actuators and with GSM modem.

PIC controller is programmed with the default control algorithm. The sensor information

processed by the controller can be rooted to the users by power on controllers sends status SMS

to predefined numbers

User can update the control algorithm by sending an SMS.

User can get the status and change mode also by sending SMS.

Modem performs the operation and gives acknowledgment message to the user.

Micro controlleris interfaced with sensors like Temperature, voltage, current, speed sensors. The

basic idea of these sensors is to monitor the parameters of various systems. For example

monitoring the boiler performance in a thermal / Nuclear power plant can be done by using

Temperature of the boiler. If any increase in the temperature of the system beyond the threshold

has been recorded, the controller is instructed to initiate a corrective action. At the initial phase

the controller will send an SMS to the authorized user. Based on the information received the

user can initiate the corrective action. In the above case the temperature can be brought down by

controlling the heat input. The same instruction will be initiated by the user. After receiving the

corrective command, the controller will activate the necessary modules to reduce the heat input.

The basic functionality of the smoke sensors is to control the parameters of the process based on

the external parameters and uncontrolled combustion happening, because of the malfunction and

break down of certain combustion process.
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3.2 WHAT IS GSM

GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital mobile telephone system that is

widely used in Europe and other parts of the world. GSM uses a variation of Time Division

Multiple Access (TDMA) and is the most widely used of the three digital wireless telephone

technologies (TDMA, GSM, and CDMA). GSM digitizes and compresses data, then sends it

down a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own time slot. It operates at

either the 900 MHz or 1,800 MHz frequency band.

GSM is an international digital cellular telecommunication. The GSM standard was released byETSI (European Standard Telecommunication Standard) back in 1989. In less than ten yearssince the first GSM network was commercially launched, it become, the worlds leading andfastest growing mobile standard, spanning over 190 countries.

Mobile Frequency Range RX: 925-960; TX: 880-915

Multiple Access Method TDMA/FDM

Duplex Method FDD

Number of Channels 124 (8 users per channel)

Channel Spacing 200kHz

Modulation GMSK (0.3 Gaussian Filter)

Channel Bit Rate 270.833Kb

Table 3.1: GSM characteristics

Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a second generation cellular standard developed to deliver

high quality and secure mobile voice and data services (such as SMS/ Text Messaging) with full

roaming capabilities across the world using digital modulation. It is known as 2G digital which

has a maximum data speed of 9.6Kbps and is based on circuit switched technology and providesshort message service (SMS).

The GSM network can be divided into three broad parts. The subscriber carries the Mobile

Station. The Base Station Subsystem controls the radio link with the Mobile Station. The

Network Subsystem, the main part of which is the Mobile services Switching Center (MSC),


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performs the switching of calls between the mobile users, and between mobile and fixed network

users. The MSC also handles the mobility management operations. The Mobile Station and the

Base Station Subsystem communicate across the Um interface, also known as the air interface or

radio link. The Base Station Subsystem communicates with the Mobile services Switching

Center across the A interface.

Figure 3.2: General architecture of a GSM network

The GSM standard provides a common set of compatible services and capabilities to all mobile

users across Europe and several million customers worldwide. The basic requirements of GSM

have been described in five aspects.

Services

The system shall provide service portability, i.e., mobile stations or mobile phones can be used in

all participating countries. The system shall offer services that exist in the wire line network as

well as services specific to mobile communications. In addition to vehicle- mounted stations, the

system shall provide service to Mss used by pedestrians and /or on board ships.

Quality of Services and Security

The quality for voice telephony of GSM shall be at least as good as the previous analog systems

over the practical operating range. The system shall be capable of offering information


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encryption without significantly affecting the costs to users who do not require such facility.

Radio Frequency Utilization

The system shall permit a high level of spectrum efficiency and state-of-the-art subscriber

facilities. The system shall be capable of operating in the entire allocated frequency band, and

co-exist with the earlier systems in the same frequency band.

Network

The identification and numbering plans shall be based on relevant ITU recommendations. An

international standardized signaling system shall be used for switching and mobility

management. The existing fixed public networks should not be significantly modified.

Cost

The system parameters shall be chosen with a view to limiting the cost of the complete system,

in particular the Mss.


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3.3 WHAT IS PIC MICRO CONTROLLER?

When developing more complex projects, there is often a need for additional peripheral units,

such as operational and instrument amplifiers, filters, timers, digital logic circuits, AD and DA

converters, etc. As a general rule, implementation of the extra peripherals brings in additional

difficulties: new components take space, require additional attention during production of a

printed circuit board, and increase power consumption... All of these factors can significantly

affect the price and development cycle of the project.

The introduction ofPICmicrocontrollers has made many engineers dream come true of havingall their project needs covered in one chip.


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3.1.1 Pic18 microcontroller overview


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3.1.2 Pic18 pin configuration


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3.1.3 Architecture of pic18


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Chapter 4

Hardware and Software design

4.1 Simulation on software

4.2 Program

4.3Voltage Divider

4.4 Temperature Sensor

4.5 GSM Modem


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4.1 Simulation on software

Fig 4.1.1


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4.2 Program:

#pragma config WDT=OFF

#include

#define ldata PORTD

#define rs PORTBbits.RB4

#define en PORTBbits.RB5

#define motor PORTBbits.RB0

unsigned int hextodec(unsigned int temp);

//void display(unsigned int );

void cmd(unsigned char);

void data1(unsigned char);

void delay(unsigned char);

void lcdinit(void);

void display3(unsigned int value,unsigned char t,unsigned char s,unsigned char s1);

void setrx(unsigned char);

void msg(unsigned char meseg[]);

//void delay(unsigned char);

void array(unsigned char a[]);

unsigned char size(void);

void adc(void);

void rs_isr(void);

void chk_isr(void);

#pragma code high_priority=0x08


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void high_priority(void)

{

_asm

GOTO chk_isr

_endasm

}

#pragma code

#pragma interrupt chk_isr

void chk_isr(void)

{

if(PIR1bits.RCIF==1)

rs_isr();

}

unsigned char

k=0,sz,c1[]="AT",c2[]="at+cmgf=1",c3[]="at+cmgs=",no1[]="7738924214",c4[]="atd",b[]="RING",msg2[]="ACTIVATED",msg3[]="DEACTIVATED";

unsigned char V[10]="V= . V",C[10]="C= . A",T[10]="T= *C";

void main()

{

unsigned int t,q,r,f[2],i,lv,hv,llv,hhv,d=0;

unsigned char tem;

unsigned long temp;

unsigned char msg1[]="saalim";

motor=1;


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TRISB=0x00;

TRISD=0x00;

TRISAbits.TRISA0=1;

TRISAbits.TRISA1=1;

TRISAbits.TRISA2=1;

lcdinit();

TXSTA=0x20;

TRISCbits.TRISC6=0;

TRISCbits.TRISC7=1;

TRISBbits.TRISB0=0;

SPBRG=15;

TXSTAbits.TXEN=1;

RCSTAbits.SPEN=1;

RCSTAbits.CREN=1;

PIE1bits.RCIE=1;

INTCONbits.PEIE=1;

INTCONbits.GIE=1;

sz=size();

ADCON1=0xc3;

while(1)

{

//******************************voltmeter***********************************

ADCON0=0x81;

delay(1);


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ADCON0bits.GO=1;

while(ADCON0bits.DONE==1);

{

llv=ADRESL;

hhv=ADRESH;

temp=(hhv


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}

cmd(0x82);

display3(q,2,0,0);

data1('.');

display3(r,2,0,1);

data1('v');

delay(1);

}

//******************************current************************************

cmd(0xc2);

delay(1);

ADCON0=0x91;

delay(1);

ADCON0bits.GO=1;


{

llv=(ADRESL>>2)& 0x3f;

hhv=(ADRESH


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if(temp!=0)

{

temp=temp*1000;

q=temp/47;

q=hextodec(q);

}

cmd(0xc2);

r=(q&0xf000)>>12;

display3(r,1,1,0);

data1('.');

display3(q,3,1,1);

data1('A');

delay(1);

}

//****************************temperature******************************

cmd(0x8b);

delay(1);

ADCON0=0x89;

delay(1);

ADCON0bits.GO=1;



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{

llv=(ADRESL>>2)& 0x3f;

hhv=((ADRESH


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unsigned int hextodec(unsigned int temp)

{

unsigned int d0,d1,d2,d3,x1,x2,dec;

x1=temp/100;

x2=temp%100;

d0=(x2%10);

d1=(x2/10)


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en=1;

delay(1);

en=0;

}

void delay(unsigned char itime)

{

unsigned int i,j;

for(i=0;i


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cmd(0xc0);

delay(1);

data1('I');

delay(1);

data1('=');

delay(1);

cmd(0x89);

delay(1);

data1('T');

delay(1);

data1('=');

delay(1);

}

void display3(unsigned int value,unsigned char t,unsigned char s,unsigned char s1)

{

unsigned char f[6],i,j,z;

for(i=4*(t-1),j=0;j>i;

f[j]=f[j]&0x000f;

data1(0x30+f[j]);

delay(1);

if(s==2)


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{

T[j+2]=(f[j]+0x30);

}

else if(s==0)

{

if(s1==0)

{

V[j+2]=f[j]+0x30;

}

else

{

V[j+5]=f[j]+0x30;

}

}

else if(s==1)

{

if(s1==0)

{

C[j+2]=f[j]+0x30;

}

else

{

C[j+4]=f[j]+0x30;

}

}


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}

}

void setrx(unsigned char i)

{

while(PIR1bits.TXIF==0);

TXREG=i;

}

//*********************************************delay***************************

****

void array(unsigned char a[])

{

unsigned char i=0;

while(a[i]!='\0')

{

setrx(a[i]);

i++;

}

}

//*************************checking RING***********************//

void rs_isr(void)

{

if(b[k]==RCREG)


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k++;

else

k=0;

if(k==sz)

{

motor=~motor;

adc();

if(motor==1)

msg(msg2);

//delay(3000);

else

msg(msg3);

k=0;

}

}

void adc(void)

{

array(c1);

setrx(0x0d);

delay(2000);

array(c2);


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setrx(0x0d);

delay(2000);

array(c3);

setrx(0x22);

array(no1); //space 0x20;

setrx(0x22);

setrx(0x0d);

delay(2000);

array(T);

setrx(0x0d);

array(V);

setrx(0x0d);

array(C);

setrx(0x3b); //semicolon

setrx(0x1a); //cntrl+z

delay(2000);

setrx(0x0d);

}

void msg(unsigned char meseg[])

{

array(c1);

setrx(0x0d);

delay(2000);

array(c2);

setrx(0x0d);


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delay(2000);

array(c3);

setrx(0x22);

array(no1); //space 0x20;

setrx(0x22);

setrx(0x0d);

delay(2000);

array(meseg);

setrx(0x3b); //semicolon

setrx(0x1a); //cntrl+z

delay(2000);

setrx(0x0d);

}

unsigned char size(void)

{

unsigned char s=0;

while(b[s]!=0)

{

s++;

}

return(s);

}


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4.3 Voltage Divider

In electronics orEET, a voltage divider (also known as a potential divider) is a linearcircuit that produces an output voltage (Vout) that is a fraction of its input voltage (Vin). Voltage

division refers to the partitioning of a voltage among the components of the divider.

An example of a voltage divider consists of two resistors in series or a potentiometer. It is

commonly used to create a reference voltage, or to get a low voltage signal proportional to the

voltage to be measured, and may also be used as a signal attenuatorat low frequencies. For direct

current and relatively low frequencies, a voltage divider may be sufficiently accurate if made

only of resistors; where frequency response over a wide range is required, (such as in

an oscilloscopeprobe), the voltage divider may have capacitive elements added to allow

compensation for load capacitance. In electric power transmission, a capacitive voltage divider is

used for measurement of high voltage.

General case

A voltage divider referenced to ground is created by connecting two electrical impedances in

series, as shown in Figure 1. The input voltage is applied across the series impedances Z1 and

Z2 and the output is the voltage across Z2. Z1 and Z2 may be composed of any combination of

elements such as resistors, inductors and capacitors.

Applying Ohm's Law, the relationship between the input voltage, Vin, and the output voltage,

Vout, can be found:

Proof:

The transfer function (also known as the divider's voltage ratio) of this circuit is simply:

In general this transfer function is a complex, rational function offrequency.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineering_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuator_(electronics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscilloscopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_(electricity)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm%27s_Lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_functionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_variablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_functionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_functionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_variablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_functionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm%27s_Lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_(electricity)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscilloscopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuator_(electronics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineering_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics


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Example

Resistive divider

Figure 4.2.1: Simple resistive voltage divider

A resistive divider is the case where both impedances, Z1 and Z2, are

purely resistive (Figure 2).

Substituting Z1 = R1 and Z2 = R2 into the previous expression gives:

IfR1 =R2 then

IfVout=6V and Vin=9V (both commonly used voltages), then:

and by solving using algebra,R2 must be twice the value

ofR1.

To solve for R1:

To solve for R2:

Any ratio between 0 and 1 is possible. That is, using resistors alone it is not possible to either

invert the voltage or increase Vout above Vin.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Resistive_divider.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Resistive_divider.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Resistive_divider.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Resistive_divider.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Resistive_divider.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Resistive_divider.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Resistive_divider.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Resistive_divider.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Resistive_divider.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Resistive_divider.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Resistive_divider.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Resistive_divider.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Resistive_divider.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Resistive_divider.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra


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4.4 Temperature Sensor

LM35

Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors

The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage islinearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantageover linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract alarge constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 doesnot require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of 14C at roomtemperature and 34C over a full 55 to +150C temperature range. Low cost is assured bytrimming and calibration at the wafer level. The LM35s low output impedance, linear output,and precise inherent calibration make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy.It can be used with single power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. As it draws only 60A from its supply, it has very low self-heating, less than 0.1C in still air. The LM35 is rated to

operate over a 55 to +150C temperature range, while the LM35C is rated for a 40 to+110C range (10 with improved accuracy). The LM35 series is available packaged inhermetic TO-46 transistor packages, while the LM35C, LM35CA, and LM35D are also availablein the plastic TO-92 transistor package. The LM35D is also available in an 8-lead surface mountsmall outline package and a plastic TO-220 package.

Features

Calibrated directly in Celsius (Centigrade) Linear + 10.0 mV/C scale factor 0.5C accuracy (at +25C) Rated for full 55 to +150C range Suitable for remote applications Low cost due to wafer-level trimming Operates from 4 to 30 volts Less than 60 A current drain Low self-heating, 0.08C in still air Nonlinearity only 14C typical


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Fig 4.3.1


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4.5 GSM Modem

4.4.1 GSM MODEM

GSM Architecture

In this architecture, a mobile station (MS) communicates with a base station system (BSS)

through the radio interface. The BSS is connected to the network and switching subsystem (NSS)

by communicating with a mobile switching center (MSC) using the A interface

Mobile Station

The (MS) consists of two parts: the subscriber identity module (SIM) and the mobile equipment

(ME). In a border definition, the MS also includes a third part called terminal equipment (TE),

which can be a PDA or Pc connected to the ME. In this case, the first two parts i.e., ME and SIM

are called the mobile terminal (MT). A SIM can be

A smart card that usually has the size of a credit card.

A smaller sized plug-in SIM".

A smart card that can be performed, which contains a plug-in SIM that can be broken out of it.

The SIM is protected by a personal identity number (PIN) of length between four to eight digits.

The PIN is loaded by the network operator at the subscription time. This PIN can be deactivated

or changed by the user. To use the MS, the user is asked to enter the PIN. If the number is not

correctly entered in three consecutive times, the SIM is blocked and therefore the MS cannot be

used. To unblock the SIM, the user is asked to enter the 8-digit PIN Unblocking Key (PUK). A

SIM contains the subscriber-related information including the PIN and PUK codes. The

subscriber- related data also include a list of abbreviated and customized dialing numbers, short

messages received when the subscriber is not present, and names of preferred network stop

provide service, and soon. Parts of the SIM information can be modified by the subscriber either

by using the keypad of an MS or a personal computer using an RS232 connection.


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4 GSM Modem --

SIM300

Figure 4.4.1: EVB top view

Designed for global market, SIM300 is a Tri-band GSM/GPRS engine that works on frequenciesEGSM 900 MHz, DCS 1800 MHz and PCS 1900 MHz SIM300 features GPRS multi-slot class

10/ class 8 (optional) and supports the GPRS coding schemes CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 and CS-4.With a

tiny configuration of 40mm x 33mm x 2.85mm , SIM300 can fit almost all the space

requirements in our applications, such as smart phone, PDA phone and other mobile devices. In

this hardware SIM300 is only interfaced with RS232, Regulated power Supply 4.0V SIM Tray

Antenna with LED indications.

A: SIM300 module interface

B: SIM card interface C: headset interface

D: Download switch, turn on or off download function

E: VBAT switch, switch the voltage source from the adaptor or external battery

F: PWRKEY key, turn on or turn off SIM300


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G: RESET key

H: expand port, such as keypad port, main and debug serial port, display port

I: MAIN serial port for downloading, AT command transmitting, data exchanging

J: DEBUG serial port

K: hole for fixing the antenna

L: source adapter interface

M: light

N: buzzer

O: headphones interface

P: hole for fixing the SIM300

Figure 4.4.2: SIM card interface


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4.4.2 AT COMMANDS

Some AT commands used in project:

Table 4.4.1: Select SMS Message Format

Table 4.4.2: Read SMS message


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Table4.4.3: Delete SMS message

Circuit Diagram

Figure 4.4.3: GSM to MAX 232 and PIC connection

In the above circuit PIN 11 and PIN 12 of MAX 232 are connected to pins P2.7 and P1.6 of

PSOC chip, respectively


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Chapter 5

Results


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5.1. RESULT

The following are the outputs of temperature sensor, voltage sensor. current sensor and relay

displayed in the user mobile.

USER MODULESACKNOWLEDGEMENT

TEMPERATURE SENSOR 0 to 125C

Voltage SENSOR 2.5V for 30V input

Current SENSOR

RELAY ON Motor activated

RELAY OFF Motor deactivated

Table 5.1.1: Output


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Chapter 6

Conclusions and recommendations


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6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMANDATION

6.1 CONCLUSION

The project we have undertaken has helped us gain a better perspective on various aspects

related to our course of study as well as practical knowledge of electronic equipments and

communication. We became familiar with software analysis, designing, implementation, testing

and maintenance concerned with our project.

In this Critical sensor monitoring, authentication is commanding the system and wireless

network are the challenges faced by the industries such as nuclear plants and power plants. The

one wire protocol used for the temperature sensor helps for sensing temperature over a large

area. As the user operates the system by a secret code the authorization problem has been solved.

The GSM network used helps in controlling the system from a distant area. The microcontroller

used helps in interfacing many input/output devices at a time. These extensive capabilities of this

system are what make it so interesting. From the convenience of a simple cell phone, a user is

able to control and monitor virtually any electrical devices.

The end product will have a simplistic design making it easy for users to interact with. This will

be essential because of the wide range of technical knowledge that homeowners have.

6.2 RECOMMANDATION

This project is a small implication of our concept in automating and monitoring a system. The

practical applications of this project are immense and can have vast level of implementation.

This small concept can be used in fields such as weather forecasting, remote sensing, robotics,

aeronautics, home automation, and many other related fields where continuous monitoring and

regulation is needed. So this is not the end of the project but rather is a step towards exploring

other possibilities that it brings with it.

We recommend this project, which has tremendous application and possibilities. The project

work in the fact gives a lot of confidence to fight out in this challenging world.
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Chapter 7

Future Scope and Applications


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7. FUTURE SCOPE AND APPLICATIONS

7.1 FUTURE SCOPE

The PIC microcontroller can be used for implementation of more complex systems for complex

tasks like controlling different systems like nuclear plants and reactors in the industry. It can also

be used in the system where there is a need of instrumentation, inverting and non inverting

amplifiers.

The project we have undertaken can be used as a reference or as a base for realizing a scheme to

be implemented in other projects of greater level such as weather forecasting, temperature

updates, device synchronization, etc. The project itself can be modified to achieve a complete

Home Automation System which will then create a platform for the user to interface between

himself and his household.

GPRS

General packet Radio service (GPRS) is a packet-based data bearer service for wireless

communication services that is delivered as a network overlay for GSM,CDMA and TDMA

networks. It applies a packet radio principle to transfer user data packet in an efficient waybetween GSM mobile station and external packet data networks. Packet switching is where data

is split into packets that are transmitted separately and then reassembled at the receiving end.

GPRS supports worlds leading packet based internet protocols that makes highly efficient use of

radio spectrum and enables high data speed. It enables any exiting IP or X.25 application to

operate over a GSM cellular connection. Its data speed varies from 115Kbps to 117Kbps but it is

likely to average at 56Kbps.

It was developed to enable GSM operators to meet the following key features:

It is a step towards 3G Technology. Higher bandwidth and therefore data speed. Seamless, immediate and continues connection to the internetalways on-line.
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New text and visual data content services. Packet switched rather than circuit switched which enable higher radio spectrum

efficiency.

Figure 7.1: GSM to 3G technology

7.2 APPLICATIONS

Industrial sensor processing and control.

Remote operation of industrial appliances.

Modified version can be used for weather monitoring, temperature updates, device

synchronization, etc.

This project can be implemented in Home Automation System also.


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Bibliography


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1.

Wikipedia - The free encyclopedia2.http://www.8051projects.info/

3. http://www.instructables.com/

4 .Electronics ForYou Magazine, Edition (July 2008)

5. Electronics ForYou Magazine, Edition (June 2003)

6.http://www.alldatasheet.com/

7. http://www.datasheet4u.co/

8.http://www.datasheetcatalog.com/
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gsm based industrial monitor

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