General Specification for Civil Engineering Works (GS), 2006 Edition Volume 1 of 2 This electronic file is for reference only. When the content of this electronic file is inconsistent with the hard copy of the GS, 2006 Edition and the Amendments issued, the hard copy of the GS, 2006 Edition and the Amendments shall prevail.

(This Version is Continuously Updated to include Amendments issued)This Electronic File has incorporated the following Amendments:-

Rev First Issue 1 2 3 4 5

Issue Date March 2007 9 July 2007 27 December 2007 17 January 2008 12 June 2008 6 February 2009

Amendment Incorporated Amendment No. 1/2007 Amendment No. 2/2007 Amendment No. 1/2008 Amendment No. 2/2008 Amendment No. 1/2009

GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKSVOLUME 1

2006 Edition

The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

2006 Edition

The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

The publication General Specification for Civil Engineering Works, 2006 Edition is available from : Publications Sales Unit Information Services Department Room 402, 4/F Floor, Murray Building Garden Road, Central Hong Kong and

can be ordered both locally and overseas through the following channels: Visit the online Government Bookstore at www.bookstore.gov.hk Download the order form from the Information Services Department website at www.isd.gov.hk and submit the order direct online or by fax to the Information Services Department By e-mail at puborder@isd.gov.hk

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FOREWORDThe General Specification for Civil Engineering Works lays down the quality of materials, the standards of workmanship, the testing methods and the acceptance criteria for civil engineering works undertaken for the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Where necessary, this General Specification should be supplemented by a particular specification. The 2006 Edition of the General Specification comprises considerable greening of the Eighth Reprint of the 1992 Edition (October 2002) according to the current green practices of the construction industry. The text relating to "green measures" is printed in green colour in this Edition with a view to making it easier for reader's reference. It was produced over a 15-month period from March 2005 under the guidance of a Steering Committee comprising members from the main Government departments involved in civil engineering works. The greening of each section was undertaken by a works department with the appropriate expertise. The Standards Unit of Civil Engineering and Development Department (CEDD) was responsible for the overall co-ordination of comments received from departmental circulation, editing and production of the document.Amd 1/2007

Sustainability is the prime objective of the 2006 Edition. Two new sections, viz. Environmental Protection (Section 25) and Preservation and Protection of Trees (Section 26) have been created. The original Section 22 for Railways Works has been deleted, as construction of railways is no more the responsibility of works departments. The 2006 Edition comprises 26 sections and is posted on the CEDD Homepage on the Internet. The General Specification will be updated continuously. The electronic files of the sections affected by any amendment issued will be kept up-to-date on the CEDD Homepage.

September 2006

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GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS

CONTENTSVOLUME 1SECTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 GENERAL SITE CLEARANCE LANDSCAPE SOFTWORKS AND ESTABLISHMENT WORKS FENCING DRAINAGE WORKS EARTHWORKS GEOTECHNICAL WORKS PILING WORKS CARRIAGEWAYS: MATERIALS SUB-BASE MATERIAL AND BITUMINOUS

CONCRETE CARRIAGEWAYS MISCELLANEOUS ROADWORKS TRAFFIC SIGNS, ROAD MARKINGS AND ROAD STUDS

VOLUME 2SECTION 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 WORK FOR ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL INSTALLATIONS FORMWORK AND FINISHES TO CONCRETE STEEL REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE AND JOINTS IN CONCRETE PRESTRESSING STEELWORK HANDRAILING, LADDERS, STAIRS AND FLOORING BRIDGEWORKS MARINE WORKS WATER SUPPLY PIPEWORKS WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES BUILDING WORKS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PRESERVATION AND PROTECTION OF TREES

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CONTENT OF VOLUME 1

SECTION 1 GENERALPage No.

INTERPRETATION OF DOCUMENTS1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 Application of the General Specification for Civil Engineering Works ................................. Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................. Glossary of terms ....................................................................................................................... Trials and approval .................................................................................................................... British Standards, Codes of Practice and other standards ....................................................... Specifications in metric and imperial units .............................................................................. Dimensions from Drawings ...................................................................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6

PROGRAMME1.08 Programme ................................................................................................................................. 1.6

CONTRACTOR'S SUPERINTENDENCE1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 Surveyor ..................................................................................................................................... Foreman for concrete work ....................................................................................................... Supervision of piling works ...................................................................................................... Particulars of agent and employees .......................................................................................... 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8

CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND SAFETY OF THE PUBLIC (Amd 1/2009)1.13 Construction safety and safety of the public (Amd 1/2009) ........................................................... 1.9

WORK ON ROADS1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 Approval for temporary traffic arrangements and control ....................................................... Temporary traffic arrangements and control ........................................................................... Particulars of temporary traffic arrangements and control ..................................................... Use of roads and footways ....................................................................................................... Work on roads and footways .................................................................................................... Reinstatement of roads and footways ...................................................................................... 1.9 1.10 1.10 1.11 1.11 1.12

CARE OF THE WORKS1.20 1.21 1.22 Protection from water ............................................................................................................... Protection from weather ........................................................................................................... Protection of work .................................................................................................................... 1.12 1.12 1.12

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DAMAGE AND INTERFERENCE1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 Damage and interference .......................................................................................................... Watercourses and drainage systems .......................................................................................... Utilities ....................................................................................................................................... Structures, roads and other property ......................................................................................... Access ........................................................................................................................................ 1.13 1.13 1.14 1.16 1.16

RECORDS1.28 1.29 1.30 Records of wage rates ............................................................................................................... 1.16 Records of correspondence ....................................................................................................... 1.16 Records and reports ................................................................................................................... 1.16

LIAISON WITH OTHERS1.31 Liaison with others .................................................................................................................... 1.17

SITE CLEANLINESS1.32 1.33 1.34 Site cleanliness ........................................................................................................................... 1.17 Prevention of mosquito breeding .............................................................................................. 1.18 Prevention of dust ...................................................................................................................... 1.18

MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT1.35 1.36 Materials and equipment provided by the Employer ............................................................... 1.19 Materials .................................................................................................................................... 1.19

TESTING1.37 1.38 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 Quality assurance schemes ........................................................................................................ Batches, samples and specimens .............................................................................................. Samples for testing .................................................................................................................... Testing ........................................................................................................................................ Compliance of a batch ............................................................................................................... Raw records of tests and test reports ........................................................................................ 1.19 1.20 1.20 1.22 1.22 1.23

WORKMANSHIP AND TOLERANCES1.43 1.44 Workmanship ............................................................................................................................. 1.24 Tolerances .................................................................................................................................. 1.24

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SITE ESTABLISHMENT1.45 1.46 1.47 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.53 Use of the Site ................................................................................................... Submission of particulars .......................................................................................................... Survey of the Site ...................................................................................................................... Fences and signs on the Site ..................................................................................................... The Engineer's Site accommodation ........................................................................................ The Contractor's Site accommodation ...................................................................................... Site utilities and access .............................................................................................................. Transport for the Engineer ........................................................................................................ Clearance of the Site .................................................................................................................. 1.24 1.24 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.27

MEETINGS1.54 Meetings ..................................................................................................................................... 1.27

PHOTOGRAPHS1.55 Photographs ............................................................................................................................... 1.27

APPENDIX 1.1 STANDARDS1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.1.5 1.1.6 1.1.7 1.1.8 1.1.9 1.1.10 1.1.11 1.1.12 1.1.13 1.1.14 1.1.15 British Standards ........................................................................................................................ American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standards ........................................... American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Standard ................................................................................................. American Water Works Association (AWWA) Standards/Amercian National Standards Iinstitute (ANSI).......................................................................................................................... Construction Standards of the Government of the HKSAR (CS)............................................. Swedish Standards (SIS) ............................................................................................................. American Public Health Association (APHA) Standards ....................................................... European Standards Adopted As British Standards (BS EN) .................................................. European Standards (EN) and/or International Organization for Standardizations Standards (ISO) Adopted As British Standards (BS EN ISO) ................................................ Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) .......................................................................................... International Organization for Standardization (ISO) ............................................................... Water Industry Specification, Water Research Centre ............................................................. National Water Council, UK ..................................................................................................... Australian/New Zealand Standard (AS/NZS) .......................................................................... . 1.28 1.45 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.48 1.51 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.54 1.54

APPENDIX 1.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR STEEL CONTAINER ROOM1.2.1 1.2.2 General ....................................................................................................................................... 1.55 Equipment .................................................................................................................................. 1.55

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APPENDIX 1.3 REQUIREMENTS FOR CURING TANK1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 General ....................................................................................................................................... 1.56 Equipment ......................................................................................................................... 1.56 Maintenance........................................................................................................................ 1.56

SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE GENERAL2.01 2.02 2.03 General requirements ................................................................................................................ Pipes and manholes to be abandoned ....................................................................................... Earthworks ................................................................................................................................. 2.3 2.3 2.3

SITE CLEARANCE2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 Demolition ................................................................................................................................. Pipes and cables ......................................................................................................................... Trees ........................................................................................................................................... Reinstatement ............................................................................................................................ Materials and equipment for re-use and storage ...................................................................... 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4

SECTION 3 LANDSCAPE SOFTWORKS AND ESTABLISHMENT WORKS GENERAL3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 General requirements ................................................................................................................ Site clearance ............................................................................................................................. Earthworks ................................................................................................................................. Landscape hardworks ................................................................................................................ Geotechnical works ................................................................................................................... Weather and ground conditions ................................................................................................ Use of chemicals ........................................................................................................................ 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

GLOSSARY OF TERMS3.08 3.09 3.10 Landscape softworks ................................................................................................................. Landscape hardworks ................................................................................................................ Establishment works .................................................................................................................8

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MATERIALS3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.30 3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.35 3.36 3.37 Seedling trees ............................................................................................................................. Whip trees .................................................................................................................................. Light standard trees ................................................................................................................... Standard trees ............................................................................................................................. Heavy standard trees ................................................................................................................. Semi-mature trees ...................................................................................................................... Small shrubs ............................................................................................................................... Large shrubs ............................................................................................................................... Conifers ...................................................................................................................................... Palms .......................................................................................................................................... Bamboo ...................................................................................................................................... Herbaceous plants ...................................................................................................................... Ground cover ............................................................................................................................. Climbers ..................................................................................................................................... Containerised plants .................................................................................................................. Grass seed .................................................................................................................................. Turf ............................................................................................................................................. Sprigs ......................................................................................................................................... Plant name .................................................................................................................................. Soil-mix ...................................................................................................................................... Soil conditioner .......................................................................................................................... Mulch ......................................................................................................................................... Mulch for hydroseeding ............................................................................................................ Fertilizer ..................................................................................................................................... Soil binder .................................................................................................................................. Stakes, ties and guys .................................................................................................................. Protective fabric material .......................................................................................................... 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.11 3.11 3.12

SUBMISSIONS3.38 3.39 3.40 Particulars of seed mixture, turf, sprigs, soil conditioner and water ....................................... 3.12 Particulars of hydroseeding ....................................................................................................... 3.13 Samples of materials ................................................................................................................. 3.13

HANDLING, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT3.41 3.42 3.43 3.44 3.45 3.46 3.47 3.48 Handling and storage of rootballed stock ................................................................................. Handling and storage of container grown and containerised stock ......................................... Transport of plants ..................................................................................................................... Storage of plants ........................................................................................................................ Storage of trees and shrubs ....................................................................................................... Handling and storage of turf and sprigs ................................................................................... Storage of grass seed ................................................................................................................. Storage of fertilizer .................................................................................................................... 3.14 3.14 3.14 3.14 3.14 3.14 3.14 3.14

PRE-PLANTING WORKS3.49 3.50 3.51 3.52 3.53 3.54 Preparatory works ...................................................................................................................... Cleaning ground ........................................................................................................................ Ripping ....................................................................................................................................... Contaminated ground ................................................................................................................ Soiling ........................................................................................................................................ Cultivation .................................................................................................................................9

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Page No. 3.55 3.56 3.57 Scarifying ................................................................................................................................... 3.16 Protection of prepared ground .................................................................................................. 3.16 Removal of material .................................................................................................................. 3.16

PLANTING3.58 3.59 3.60 3.61 3.62 3.63 3.64 3.65 3.66 3.67 3.68 General ....................................................................................................................................... Use of excavated material ......................................................................................................... Planting ...................................................................................................................................... Staking, tying and guying ......................................................................................................... Mulching .................................................................................................................................... Notch planting of seedlings ....................................................................................................... Pit planting of seedlings, shrubs, whips, climbers, ground covers and herbaceous plants .... Pit planting of light standard and standard trees ...................................................................... Pit planting of heavy standard tree and semi-mature trees ...................................................... Pit planting of bamboo, conifers and palms ............................................................................. Pit planting on slopes ................................................................................................................ 3.16 3.16 3.16 3.17 3.17 3.17 3.17 3.17 3.18 3.18 3.18

GRASSING3.69 3.70 3.71 3.72 3.73 3.74 3.75 3.76 3.77 3.78 Hydroseeding ............................................................................................................................. Hydroseeding cover..................................................................................................................... Surface conditions for hydroseeding ........................................................................................ Application of hydroseeding ..................................................................................................... Protective material ..................................................................................................................... Patching up ................................................................................................................................ Post-planting fertilizer ............................................................................................................... Turfing ........................................................................................................................................ Sprigging .................................................................................................................................... Completion of turfing and sprigging ........................................................................................ 3.18 3.19 3.19 3.19 3.19 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20

ESTABLISHMENT WORKS3.79 3.80 3.81 3.82 3.83 3.84 3.85 3.86 3.87 3.88 3.89 3.90 3.91 3.92 3.93 Establishment works ................................................................................................................. Inspection of establishment works ............................................................................................ Replacement of plants and grass ............................................................................................... Security of stakes, ties and guys ............................................................................................... Firming up plants ....................................................................................................................... Watering ..................................................................................................................................... Weeding ..................................................................................................................................... Pruning ....................................................................................................................................... Grass cutting .............................................................................................................................. Litter collection .......................................................................................................................... Post-planting fertilizer ............................................................................................................... Control of pests, fungi and disease ........................................................................................... Forking over ............................................................................................................................... Mulching .................................................................................................................................... Completion of work .................................................................................................................. 3.21 3.21 3.21 3.21 3.21 3.21 3.22 3.22 3.23 3.23 3.23 3.23 3.24 3.24 3.24

TESTING: GRASS COVER3.94 3.95 3.96 Testing: grass cover ................................................................................................................... 3.24 Compliance criteria: grass cover ............................................................................................... 3.25 Non-compliance: grass cover .................................................................................................... 3.2510

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TREE TRANSPLANTING3.97 Transplanting of existing trees .................................................................................................. 3.25

SECTION 4 FENCING GENERAL4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 General requirements ................................................................................................................. Handrailing ................................................................................................................................. Earthworks .................................................................................................................................. Pedestrian guardrailing ............................................................................................................... Formwork and finishes to concrete ........................................................................................... Reinforcement ............................................................................................................................ Concrete ...................................................................................................................................... Steelwork .................................................................................................................................... Vehicular parapets ...................................................................................................................... 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3

MATERIALS4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 Wire ............................................................................................................................................. Chain link fence .......................................................................................................................... Timber ......................................................................................................................................... Steel ............................................................................................................................................. Bolts, nuts, washers and fittings ................................................................................................ 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4

FABRICATION OF FENCING4.15 4.16 4.17 Fabrication of steelwork ............................................................................................................. 4.4 Galvanizing to steel .................................................................................................................... 4.4 Welding steel ............................................................................................................................... 4.4

POSTS AND GATES FOR FENCING4.18 4.19 Concrete posts ............................................................................................................................. 4.5 Gates ............................................................................................................................................ 4.5

SUBMISSIONS4.20 4.21 Particulars of fencing .................................................................................................................. 4.5 Samples of materials .................................................................................................................. 4.5

STORAGE OF MATERIALS4.22 Storage of fencing ....................................................................................................................... 4.5

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ERECTING FENCING4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 Alignment of fencing ................................................................................................................. Posts for fencing ......................................................................................................................... Erecting posts for fencing .......................................................................................................... Fixing wire for fencing ............................................................................................................... Fixing gates ................................................................................................................................. 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7

TOLERANCES4.28 Tolerances: fencing ..................................................................................................................... 4.7

SECTION 5 DRAINAGE WORKS GENERAL5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 General requirements ................................................................................................................. Metalwork ................................................................................................................................... Earthworks .................................................................................................................................. Formwork ................................................................................................................................... Concrete ...................................................................................................................................... Materials for grout ...................................................................................................................... Water supply pipeworks ............................................................................................................. Cable duct systems ..................................................................................................................... Recycled Aggregates .................................................................................................................. 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3

GLOSSARY OF TERMS5.10 Pipes ............................................................................................................................................ 5.3

MATERIALS5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 5.26 Precast concrete pipes and fittings ............................................................................................. Vitrified clay pipes and fittings .................................................................................................. DI pipes and fittings ................................................................................................................... Grey iron pipes and fittings ........................................................................................................ uPVC pipes and fittings ............................................................................................................. GI pipes and fittings ................................................................................................................... Bolts, nuts and washers .............................................................................................................. Elastomeric joint rings ............................................................................................................... Detachable couplings and flange adapters ................................................................................ Anticorrosion tape ...................................................................................................................... Bituminous coatings ................................................................................................................... Aggregates for granular bed and granular fill ........................................................................... Joint filler and compressible padding ....................................................................................... Polyethylene sheeting ................................................................................................................ Precast concrete manholes ........................................................................................................ Chambers and gullies ................................................................................................................12

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Page No. 5.27 5.28 5.29 5.30 5.31 5.32 5.33 5.34 5.35 Step irons ................................................................................................................................... Manhole covers, gully gratings and kerb overflow weirs ....................................................... Penstocks ................................................................................................................................... Gate valves ................................................................................................................................. Flap valves ................................................................................................................................. Sludge valves ............................................................................................................................. Air valves ................................................................................................................................... Fittings for penstocks and valves .............................................................................................. Filling abandoned pipes and manholes .................................................................................... 5.10 5.10 5.12 5.13 5.13 5.13 5.14 5.14 5.15

SUBMISSIONS5.36 5.37 5.38 5.39 5.40 5.41 5.42 5.43 5.44 Particulars of pipes, joints and fittings ..................................................................................... Particulars of anticorrosion tape and joint filler ....................................................................... Particulars of aggregates for granular bed ................................................................................ Particulars of manholes, chambers and gullies ........................................................................ Particulars of penstocks and valves .......................................................................................... Particulars of foam concrete and PC/PFA grout ...................................................................... Particulars of tests ...................................................................................................................... Particulars of CCTV inspections .............................................................................................. Particulars of diversions of flow ............................................................................................... 5.15 5.15 5.16 5.16 5.16 5.17 5.17 5.17 5.18

TRANSPORT, HANDLING AND STORAGE OF MATERIALS5.45 5.46 5.47 5.48 5.49 5.50 5.51 Transport, handling and storage of pipes, joints and fittings ................................................... Handling of pipes and fittings ................................................................................................... Storage of pipes ......................................................................................................................... Storage of anticorrosion tape and joint filler ............................................................................ Handling and storage of aggregates for granular bed .............................................................. Handling and storage of units for manholes, chambers and gullies ........................................ Storage of covers, gratings, weirs, penstocks and valves ........................................................ 5.18 5.18 5.18 5.19 5.19 5.19 5.19

EXCAVATION5.52 Excavation ................................................................................................................................. 5.19

LAYING AND BEDDING PIPES5.53 5.54 Laying pipes ............................................................................................................................... 5.20 Bedding pipes ............................................................................................................................ 5.21

CUTTING PIPES5.55 Cutting pipes .............................................................................................................................. 5.21

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JOINTING PIPES5.56 5.57 5.58 5.59 5.60 5.61 5.62 5.63 Jointing pipes ............................................................................................................................. Flanged joints ............................................................................................................................. Flexible collar joints .................................................................................................................. Push-in joints ............................................................................................................................. Detachable joints ....................................................................................................................... Flange adapters .......................................................................................................................... Solvent welded joints ................................................................................................................ Screw joints ............................................................................................................................... 5.22 5.22 5.22 5.23 5.23 5.23 5.23 5.23

PROTECTION OF JOINTS5.64 Protection of joints ................................................................................................................. 5.24

REPAIRS TO COATINGS AND LININGS5.65 Repairs to coatings and linings ................................................................................................. 5.24

THRUST AND ANCHOR BLOCKS5.66 Thrust and anchor blocks .......................................................................................................... 5.24

BED, HAUNCH AND SURROUND5.67 5.68 5.69 Granular bed .............................................................................................................................. 5.25 Concrete bed, haunch and surround ......................................................................................... 5.25 Fill material surround ................................................................................................................ 5.26

TOLERANCES5.70 Tolerances: pipelines for drainage works ................................................................................. 5.26

CONNECTIONS5.71 5.72 Connections to structures .......................................................................................................... 5.26 Connections to pipes ................................................................................................................. 5.27

MANHOLES, CHAMBERS, GULLIES AND CHANNELS5.73 5.74 Manholes, chambers and gullies ............................................................................................... 5.28 Concrete open channels ............................................................................................................. 5.29

MARKER BLOCKS5.75 Marker blocks ............................................................................................................................ 5.29

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INSTALLATION OF PENSTOCKS AND VALVES5.76 Installation of penstocks and valves ......................................................................................... 5.29

PIPES AND MANHOLES TO BE ABANDONED5.77 Pipes and manholes to be abandoned .................................................................................... 5.29

CLEANING OF PIPELINES5.78 Cleaning of pipelines ................................................................................................................. 5.30

INSPECTION OF PIPELINES5.79 5.80 Inspection of pipelines .............................................................................................................. 5.31 Inspection of pipelines by CCTV ............................................................................................. 5.31

TESTING: PIPES FOR DRAINAGE WORKS5.81 5.82 5.83 5.84 Batch: pipes for drainage works ............................................................................................... Samples: pipes for drainage works ........................................................................................... Testing: pipes for drainage works ............................................................................................. Non-compliance: pipes for drainage works ............................................................................. 5.31 5.31 5.31 5.32

TESTING: AGGREGATES FOR GRANULAR BED5.85 5.86 5.87 5.88 Batch: aggregates for granular bed ........................................................................................... Samples: aggregates for granular bed ....................................................................................... Testing: aggregates for granular bed ......................................................................................... Compliance criteria: compacting fraction value ...................................................................... 5.32 5.32 5.32 5.32

TESTING: PRECAST CONCRETE UNITS FOR MANHOLES, CHAMBERS AND GULLIES5.89 5.90 5.91 5.92 Batch: manholes, chambers and gullies ................................................................................... Samples: manholes, chambers and gullies ............................................................................... Testing: manholes, chambers and gullies ................................................................................. Non-compliance: manholes, chambers and gullies .................................................................. 5.32 5.33 5.33 5.33

TESTING: MANHOLE COVERS, GULLY GRATINGS AND KERB OVERFLOW WEIRS5.93 5.94 5.95 5.96 5.97 5.98 Batch: covers, gratings and weirs ............................................................................................. Samples: covers, gratings and weirs ......................................................................................... Testing: covers, gratings and weirs ........................................................................................... Compliance criteria: resistance to fracture of covers and gratings ......................................... Non-compliance: mass of covers, gratings and weirs ............................................................. Non-compliance: resistance to fracture of covers and gratings ............................................... 5.33 5.33 5.33 5.33 5.33 5.34

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TESTING: WATERTIGHTNESS OF PENSTOCKS5.99 5.100 5.101 Testing: watertightness of penstocks ........................................................................................ 5.34 Compliance criteria: watertightness of penstocks .................................................................... 5.34 Non-compliance: watertightness of penstocks ......................................................................... 5.34

TESTING: GRAVITY PIPELINES FOR DRAINAGE WORKS5.102 5.103 5.104 Testing: gravity pipelines for drainage works .......................................................................... 5.34 Compliance criteria: gravity pipelines for drainage works ..................................................... 5.36 Non-compliance: gravity pipelines for drainage works ........................................................... 5.36

TESTING: PRESSURE PIPELINES FOR DRAINAGE WORKS5.105 5.106 5.107 Testing: pressure pipelines for drainage works ........................................................................ 5.36 Compliance criteria: pressure pipelines for drainage works ................................................... 5.37 Non-compliance: pressure pipelines for drainage works ........................................................ 5.37

REPAIR OF PIPELINES AND CULVERTS BY INTERNAL LINING5.108 5.109 5.110 5.111 5.112 5.113 General ....................................................................................................................................... Materials .................................................................................................................................... Design of lining ......................................................................................................................... Submissions ............................................................................................................................... Installation of lining .................................................................................................................. Performance tests on internal lining materials ......................................................................... 5.37 5.37 5.38 5.38 5.39 5.40

APPENDIX 5.1 CCTV INSPECTION OF PIPELINES5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 Scope .......................................................................................................................................... Equipment .................................................................................................................................. Procedure ................................................................................................................................... Recording of results ................................................................................................................... 5.42 5.42 5.43 5.43

APPENDIX 5.2 DETERMINATION OF THE COMPACTING FRACTION VALUE OF AGGREGATES FOR GRANULAR BED5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 Scope .......................................................................................................................................... Apparatus ................................................................................................................................... Procedure ................................................................................................................................... Calculation ................................................................................................................................. Reporting of results ................................................................................................................... 5.45 5.45 5.45 5.45 5.46

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APPENDIX 5.3 DETERMINATION OF THE RESISTANCE TO FRACTURE OF MANHOLE COVERS AND GULLY GRATINGS5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4 Scope .......................................................................................................................................... Equipment .................................................................................................................................. Procedure ................................................................................................................................... Reporting of results ................................................................................................................... 5.47 5.47 5.47 5.47

APPENDIX 5.4 TESTS ON GRAVITY PIPELINES FOR DRAINAGE WORKS5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.4.4 5.4.5 5.4.6 5.4.7 5.4.8 5.4.9 Scope .......................................................................................................................................... Equipment .................................................................................................................................. Procedure: before tests and inspections .................................................................................... Procedure: water test ................................................................................................................. Procedure: air test ...................................................................................................................... Procedure: visual inspection ..................................................................................................... Procedure: infiltration test ......................................................................................................... Calculation ................................................................................................................................. Reporting of results ................................................................................................................... 5.48 5.48 5.48 5.48 5.49 5.49 5.49 5.49 5.49

APPENDIX 5.5 TESTS ON PRESSURE PIPELINES FOR DRAINAGE WORKS5.5.1 5.5.2 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.5.5 Scope .......................................................................................................................................... Equipment .................................................................................................................................. Procedure ................................................................................................................................... Calculation ................................................................................................................................. Reporting of results ................................................................................................................... 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.51 5.51

SECTION 6 EARTHWORKS GENERAL6.01 6.02 Reclamation ................................................................................................................................ 6.3 Trip-ticket System ...................................................................................................................... 6.3

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GLOSSARY OF TERM6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 Areas of fill ................................................................................................................................ Earthworks final surface ........................................................................................................... Inert construction and demolition materials............................................................................... Earthworks material .................................................................................................................... Formation ................................................................................................................................... Intermediate areas of fill ............................................................................................................. 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3

MATERIALS6.09 Fill material ................................................................................................................................ 6.3

SUBMISSIONS6.10 6.11 Particulars of earthworks ........................................................................................................... Particulars of blasting ................................................................................................................ 6.5 6.6

GENERAL EARTHWORKS REQUIREMENTS6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 Ownership of earthworks material ........................................................................................... Temporary Works for earthworks ............................................................................................. Handling and storage of earthworks material .......................................................................... Protection from water and weather ........................................................................................... Earthworks material allowed to become unsuitable or to deteriorate ..................................... Additional excavation and stabilisation .................................................................................... Removal of earthworks material ............................................................................................... 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.8

EXCAVATION6.19 6.20 6.21 6.22 6.23 6.24 Disposal of excavated material ................................................................................................. Use of excavated material ......................................................................................................... Obstructions in excavations ...................................................................................................... Excavation ................................................................................................................................. Excavations adjacent to structures and utilities ........................................................................ Excavations for structures, pits and trenches ........................................................................... 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9

BLASTING TRIALS6.25 6.26 6.27 6.28 6.29 Blasting trials ............................................................................................................................. Controlled blasting trials ........................................................................................................... Results of blasting trials ............................................................................................................ Commencement of blasting ...................................................................................................... Changes in blasting procedure .................................................................................................. 6.9 6.10 6.10 6.10 6.10

BLASTING6.30 6.31 6.32 6.33 6.34 Statutory requirements for blasting ........................................................................................... Recording vibrations due to blasting ........................................................................................ Preparatory work for blasting ................................................................................................... Notification of blasting .............................................................................................................. Storage of explosives .................................................................................................................18

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Page No. 6.35 6.36 6.37 Restrictions on blasting times ................................................................................................... 6.11 Blasting ...................................................................................................................................... 6.11 Controlled blasting .................................................................................................................... 6.12

DEPOSITION OF FILL MATERIAL6.38 6.39 6.40 6.41 6.42 6.43 6.44 6.45 6.46 6.47 Types of fill material ................................................................................................................. Sources of fill material .............................................................................................................. Surface preparation for fill material .......................................................................................... Commencement of deposition of fill material ......................................................................... Haulage of fill material ............................................................................................................. Deposition of fill material ......................................................................................................... Overfilling .................................................................................................................................. Deposition of fill material adjacent to structures and utilities ................................................. Deposition of rock fill material ................................................................................................. Deposition of fill material in excavations for structures, pits and trenches ............................ 6.13 6.13 6.13 6.13 6.13 6.13 6.14 6.14 6.15 6.15

COMPACTION OF FILL MATERIAL6.48 6.49 6.50 6.51 6.52 Compaction of fill material ....................................................................................................... Moisture content of fill material ............................................................................................... Compaction of fill material adjacent to structures and utilities ............................................... Compaction of rock fill material ............................................................................................... Compaction of general fill material with a large portion of coarse material .......................... 6.15 6.15 6.15 6.15 6.16

COMPLETION OF EARTHWORKS SURFACES6.53 6.54 6.55 Completion of earthworks final surfaces .................................................................................. 6.17 Completion of formations ......................................................................................................... 6.17 Protection of earthworks final surfaces and formations .......................................................... 6.18

INTERMEDIATE AREAS OF FILL6.56 6.57 Deposition of fill material in intermediate areas of fill ............................................................ 6.18 Compaction of fill material in intermediate areas of fill .......................................................... 6.18

EARTHWORKS IN PUBLIC FILLING AREA6.58 6.59 6.60 6.61 6.62 6.63 6.64 6.65 6.66 6.67 Public filling area ....................................................................................................................... Public fill .................................................................................................................................... Combined reception and exit offices ........................................................................................ Reception areas, queuing areas and access roads .................................................................... Management of dump truck movements .................................................................................. Temporary haul roads and drains .............................................................................................. Handling and storage of wet soil .............................................................................................. Deposition of public fill ............................................................................................................ Compaction of public fill .......................................................................................................... Use of fill material adjacent to structures and utilities in public filling area .......................... 6.18 6.18 6.18 6.20 6.20 6.21 6.21 6.21 6.21 6.24

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TOLERANCES6.68 Tolerances: earthworks final surfaces and formations ............................................................. 6.25

TESTING: FILL MATERIAL GENERAL EQUIREMENTS6.69 6.70 Batch: fill material ..................................................................................................................... 6.26 Samples: fill material ................................................................................................................. 6.26

TESTING: FILL MATERIAL - PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION, LIQUID LIMIT, PLASTICITY INDEX, COEFFICIENT OF UNIFORMITY AND SULPHATE CONTENT6.71 6.72 6.73 Samples: particle size distribution, liquid limit, plasticity index,coefficient of uniformity, sulphate content ...................................................................................................................... Testing: particle size distribution, liquid limit, plasticity index, coefficient of uniformity, sulphate content ...................................................................................................................... Non-compliance: particle size distribution, liquid limit, plasticity index, coefficient of uniformity, sulphate content ................................................................. 6.26 6.27 6.27

TESTING: FILL MATERIAL - OPTIMUM MOISTURE CONTENT AND MAXIMUM DRY DENSITY6.74 6.75 6.76 Samples: optimum moisture content, maximum dry density .................................................. 6.28 Testing: optimum moisture content, maximum dry density .................................................... 6.28 Consistency: optimum moisture content, maximum dry density ............................................ 6.28

TESTING: FILL MATERIAL - MOISTURE CONTENT6.77 6.78 6.79 6.80 Samples: moisture content ........................................................................................................ Testing: moisture content .......................................................................................................... Compliance criteria: moisture content ...................................................................................... Non-compliance: moisture content ........................................................................................... 6.29 6.29 6.29 6.29

TESTING: FILL MATERIAL - RELATIVE COMPACTION6.81 6.82 6.83 Testing: relative compaction ..................................................................................................... 6.30 Compliance criteria: relative compaction ................................................................................. 6.31 Non-compliance: relative compaction ...................................................................................... 6.31

APPENDIX 6.1 TEST METHODS FOR FILL MATERIAL6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 General ....................................................................................................................................... 6.32 Terms and symbols .................................................................................................................... 6.32 Grouping of material ................................................................................................................. 6.32

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APPENDIX 6.2 DETERMINATION OF THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF FINE GRAINED AND MEDIUM GRAINED MATERIAL BY THE MICROWAVE OVEN DRYING METHOD6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.2.5 Scope .......................................................................................................................................... Apparatus ................................................................................................................................... Procedure ................................................................................................................................... Calculation ................................................................................................................................. Reporting of results ................................................................................................................... 6.33 6.33 6.33 6.34 6.34

APPENDIX 6.3 DETERMINATION OF THE MAXIMUM CONVERTED BULK DENSITY BY THE HILF METHOD6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 6.3.4 6.3.5 Scope .......................................................................................................................................... Apparatus ............................................................................................................................... Procedure ................................................................................................................................ Calculation ............................................................................................................................. Reporting of results ................................................................................................................ 6.35 6.35 6.35 6.38 6.39

APPENDIX 6.4 ADJUSTMENT OF THE MAXIMUM CONVERTED BULK DENSITY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE RELATIVE COMPACTION6.4.1 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.4.4 6.4.5 Scope .......................................................................................................................................... Apparatus ................................................................................................................................... Procedure ................................................................................................................................... Calculation ................................................................................................................................. Reporting of results ................................................................................................................... 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.41 6.41

SECTION 7 GEOTECHNICAL WORKS PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS GENERAL7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 General requirements ................................................................................................................ Site clearance ............................................................................................................................. Drainage works .......................................................................................................................... Earthworks ................................................................................................................................. Concrete .......................................................................................................................................21

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Page No. 7.06 7.07 Prestressed ground anchors ....................................................................................................... Reinforced fill structures ........................................................................................................... 7.3 7.3

TRIALS7.08 Trials for geotechnical works .................................................................................................... 7.3

PART 2: GROUND INVESTIGATION GLOSSARY OF TERMS7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 7.24 7.25 7.26 7.27 7.28 Block sample ............................................................................................................................. Bulk sample ............................................................................................................................... Inspection pit ............................................................................................................................. Jar sample .................................................................................................................................. Sample ........................................................................................................................................ Slope surface stripping ................................................................................................................ Trial pit ....................................................................................................................................... Trial Trench ................................................................................................................................ U76/U100 samples .................................................................................................................... Undisturbed Soil Sample ............................................................................................................ Ground Investigation ................................................................................................................. Ground Investigation Site ......................................................................................................... Investigation Station .................................................................................................................. Common Ground ....................................................................................................................... Rock ........................................................................................................................................... Boulders ..................................................................................................................................... Cobbles ........................................................................................................................................ Gravel ......................................................................................................................................... Hard Strata ................................................................................................................................. AGS Digital Format .................................................................................................................. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5

SUBMISSIONS7.29 Particulars of ground investigation ........................................................................................... 7.5

INSPECTION PITS, TRIAL PITS AND SLOPE SURFACE STRIPPING7.30 7.31 7.32 7.33 7.34 7.35 7.36 7.37 7.38 7.39 7.40 7.41 7.42 Inspection pits ............................................................................................................................ 7.5 Trial pits and trial trenches ........................................................................................................ 7.5 Pumping from trial pits and trial trenches ................................................................................ 7.6 Backfilling of inspection pits, trial pits or trial trenches .......................................................... 7.6 Slope surface protection strippin .............................................................................................. 7.7 Protection of stripped surface ................................................................................................... 7.8 Temporary access ladder for slope stripping ............................................................................ 7.8 Reinstatement of stripped surface ............................................................................................. 7.8 Disturbed samples from trial pits, trial trenches or slope stripping ......................................... 7.8 Records of inspection pits ......................................................................................................... 7.8 Records of trial pits and trial trenches ...................................................................................... 7.8 Photographs of trial pits or trial trenches .................................................................................. 7.9 Slope stripping records .............................................................................................................. 7.10

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DRILLING FOR GROUND INVESTIGATION7.43 7.44 7.45 7.46 7.47 7.48 7.49 7.50 7.51 7.52 Drilling rigs for ground investigation ....................................................................................... Drilling equipment for ground investigation ............................................................................ Drilling for ground investigation .............................................................................................. Categories of drilling ................................................................................................................. Rotary open hole drilling .......................................................................................................... Air-Foam Drilling ..................................................................................................................... Disposal of flush returns ........................................................................................................... Backfilling of drillholes and rotary open holes ........................................................................ Sampling from drillholes ........................................................................................................... Records of drillholes ................................................................................................................. 7.10 7.11 7.11 7.12 7.12 7.12 7.13 7.13 7.14 7.14

SAMPLING FOR GROUND INVESTIGATION7.53 7.54 7.55 7.56 7.57 7.58 7.59 7.60 7.61 7.62 7.63 7.64 7.65 7.66 7.67 Supply of equipment and containers ........................................................................................ General sampling requirements ................................................................................................ Numbering and labelling of samples ........................................................................................ Sealing of common ground tube samples ............................... Core boxes ................................................................................................................................. Delivery and storage of samples ............................................................................................... Undisturbed tube sampling of common ground in drillholes .................................................. Retractable triple tube core sampling ....................................................................................... Piston sampling U100 and U76 Sampling ........................................................................................................... Block samples ........................................................................................................................... Recovery of cores ..................................................................................................................... Extrusion and handling of cores ............................................................................................... Photographs of core boxes ............................................................................................ Groundwater samples ..................................................................................................... 7.14 7.15 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.17 7.17 7.17 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.21 7.22 7.23 7.23

IN SITU TESTING7.68 7.69 7.70 7.71 7.72 7.73 7.74 7.75 7.76 7.77 Standard penetration tests ................................................................................. Dynamic probe tests .................................................................................................................. Vane shear tests ......................................................................................................................... In situ density tests .................................................................................................................... Falling or rising head permeability test .................................................................................... Response test ............................................................................................................................. Constant head permeability test ................................................................................................ Packer (water absorption) test ................................................................................................... Impression packer tests ............................................................................................................. Inclination and bearing measurements .................................................................................... 7.24 7.25 7.26 7.27 7.27 7.28 7.28 7.29 7.30 7.30

REPORTS OF GROUND INVESTIGATION7.78 7.79 7.80 7.81 7.82 7.83 General ...................................................................................................................................... Site log book ............................................................................................................................. Daily site records ....................................................................................................................... Preliminary records ................................................................................................................... Submission of Final Field Work Report ................................................................................... Submission of digital image of Final Field Work Report ........................................................ 7.30 7.31 7.31 7.31 7.31 7.32

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PART 3: SLOPE TREATMENT WORKS MATERIALS7.84 7.85 7.86 7.87 7.88 7.89 7.90 7.91 7.92 7.93 7.94 7.95 7.96 7.97 7.98 7.99 Cement mortar ........................................................................................................................... Rock for masonry infilling ........................................................................................................ Soil-cement ................................................................................................................................ Aggregates for sprayed concrete ............................................................................................... Reinforcement for sprayed concrete ......................................................................................... Protective mesh and fixings ...................................................................................................... Rock bolts .................................................................................................................................. Grout for rock bolts ................................................................................................................... Rock dowels .............................................................................................................................. Grout for rock dowels ............................................................................................................... Soil nails ..................................................................................................................................... Soil nails with double- corrosion protection ............................................................................ Grout for soil nails ..................................................................................................................... Non-degradable mats for erosion control ................................................................................. Biodegradable mats for erosion control ................................................................ Wire mesh for erosion control........................................................................................ 7.33 7.33 7.33 7.33 7.33 7.33 7.34 7.34 7.34 7.34 7.34 7.36 7.36 7.36 7.37 7.37

SUBMISSIONS7.100 7.101 7.102 7.103 7.104 7.105 7.106 Particulars of access ............................................................................................... Particulars of sprayed concrete .............................................................................. Particulars of rock bolts.......................................................................................... Samples of materials .............................................................................................. Soil nails....................................................................................................................................... Mats for erosion control ............................................................................................................ Wire mesh for erosion control .................................................................................................. 7.37 7.37 7.38 7.38 7.39 7.40 7.40

PRELIMINARY WORKS7.107 7.108 7.109 Access to slopes ......................................................................................................................... 7.40 Protection fences and barriers ................................................................................................... 7.41 Preparation for slope treatment works ...................................................................................... 7.41

ROCK SLOPE TREATMENT WORKS7.110 7.111 7.112 7.113 7.114 Scaling and trimming of rock slopes ........................................................................................ Rock splitting ............................................................................................................................. Removal of boulders ................................................................................................................. Sealing and infilling of rock joints ........................................................................................... Concrete buttresses .................................................................................................................... 7.41 7.42 7.42 7.42 7.42

SOIL-CEMENT FILL7.115 7.116 Mixing soil-cement .................................................................................................................... 7.42 Deposition and compaction of soil-cement fill ........................................................................ 7.42

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SPRAYED CONCRETE7.117 7.118 7.119 7.120 7.121 7.122 7.123 7.124 7.125 Trial panel .................................................................................................................................. Preparation of slope surfaces