• The last 50 years have seen remarkable increases in the demand for moving people and goods.

• The surface transportation system has been under pressure to sustain the substantial increase in heavy truck and personal traffic volume levels.

• Considerable annual expenditures worldwide are allocated for developing the transportation infrastructure, including urban roads and highways.

• GRT provides products to build new, upgrade unpaved, and maintain existing roads.

GRT - Background

Major Milestones

2008 Forestry Plantations Queensland Roads

2009 BC Iron– Western Australia (WA) Roads

2009 BHP Billiton– Mt Whaleback WA Hardstand

2009 Papua New Guinea (PNG) Roads

2009 Fortescue Mines (WA) Roads

2010 Rio Tinto – Tom Price Mine WA Roads

2010 PNG Highlands – Remote Villages Roads

2010 Canada – Environment Canada Approval Approvals

2011 PNG – National Road Program Potholes

2011 PNG – National Road Program Roads

2011 Entered Markets of Indonesia, India, East Timor

2011 Expanded Laboratory Testings Facilities

2011 Expanded Design & Project Management Capability

An innovative formula for instant infrastructure

GRT – Dust Suppression

Untreated Road Surface

Treated Road Surface Treated Road Surface

Untreated Road Surface

GRT 8000 GRT 8000

Dust Suppression Installation• GRT8000 has an initial three stage application process over three days that creates a surface layer which is

semi-impervious to water and also provides the dust attenuation outcome. • Longevity of the application is in directly proportion to traffic, loading, and insitu material conditions.

Further applications of GRT8000 are typically budgeted to be applied periodically as required to meet wearing rates according to operational and environmental conditions.

• The below project has demanding conditions of more than 200 semi trailer water trucks per day on a road formation of White Gravel & Black Cotton Soil (clay) blend road through flat terrain of poor drainage with propensity of flooding.

• Initial Treatment of three applications at 2x150mL /m2 and 1x200mL /m2 totaling 500mL /m2.• The estimated maintenance requirement per annum being five (5) additional coats at 100mL /m2 each

application after the initial treatment. Note: Each situation is different and roads may require less or more maintenance as required.

• Therefore a total budget of 0.5L of GRT8000 per m2 to maintain the section per year; giving rise to a total budget of 1.0L of GRT8000 /m2 for the first year.

Note: The road surface prior to application of GRT8000 is best to be in a condition of reasonable cut, trim, and compacted surface with water before application.

GRT Road Construction

Description: Governor Powers Parkop GRT Wildlife Road section trial section, Port Moresby PNGConstruction Phases1. Trim existing road to profile.2. Add imported material as required for formation.3. Run stabiliser through area4. Spray GRT9000 per dosage over width of treatment

area to OMC.5. Run stabiliser through area twice6. Trim surface with grader adding surface moisture as

required.7. Compact with static drum roller.8. Final trim and multi tyre roller9. 2-coat chip seal GRT800010. Final compact multi tyred roller.

GRT – Cost Summary (QLD, AU)Conventional ConstructionSub-Base: Import, Supply, Place, Compact $18/m2Base: Import, Supply, Place, Compact …………………………………………..$14/m21 Coat Asphalt Seal…………….$xx/m2Total Rate…………………………..$32/m2Project……………………………….$1.12m

GRT ConstructionSub-base: Insitu material blend and compact $ NILBase: Insitu /or import supply, Blend & Compact ………………………………………………..$22/m21 Coat GRT Seal………………………. $xx/m2Total Rate…………………………………$22/m2Project……………………………………..$770k

GRT Products - Stabilisation

GRT7000 (clear)• White liquid• Polymer based on Alkyl Acrylate-

styrene copolymer• Specific Gravity: 1.02g/cm3• Recommended for use in applications

where:– Visual environmental impact is a

high significance– visual appearance to be natural

soils finish

GRT9000 (black)• Black liquid• Polymer-Bitumen based on

Copolymer base ingredients• Specific Gravity: 1.02g/cm3• Recommended for use in applications

where:– General Road building and

integration is significant– Visual appearance to be natural

or black finish

Products – Dust Suppression/Seal

GRT7000 (clear)• White liquid• Polymer based on Styrene -

Carboxylated hybrid polymer• Specific Gravity: 1.02g/cm3• Recommended for use in applications

where:– Visual environmental impact is a

high significance– visual appearance to be natural

soils finish

GRT8000 (black)• Black liquid• Polymer-Bitumen based on Styrene -

Carboxylated hybrid polymer• Specific Gravity: 1.02g/cm3• Recommended for use in applications

where:– General Road building and

integration is significant– Visual appearance to be standard

black road finish

GRT Products – Toxicology Study

GRT completed Toxicology Testing for GRT7000 and GRT9000: – An acute toxicity test with stock solution of GRT7000 and GRT9000 at ratios of (1:1000),

(5:1000) and (10:1000) was done with P.reticulata – In order to determine the in situ field impacts of GRT7000 and GRT9000 acute toxicity

screening tests, with P.reticulata were done on soil leachate of 1 soil sample compacted, cured and treated with GRT9000 as well as a control which was not treated.

The results can be summarised for the acute toxicity test on stock solution as follows: – Acute toxicity tests indicated that without adjusting PH the stock solution of GRT7000 and

GRT9000 at 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% was not harmful to the P.reticulata in 2ltrs of water after 72hr period.

From the above mentioned results the following conclusions can be made:– Results of the soil leachate tests. Using P.reticulata ,indicated that GRT7000 and GRT9000 is not

toxic for a typical material stabilised with these product when broken down and placed in 2ltrs of water .

• 100% SURVIVAL RATE OF P.RETICULATA IN GRT TREATEMENTS• FULL REPORT AVAILABLE IN TECHNICAL MANUAL UPON REQUEST• BACTERIAL REPORT (E-COLI; TFC;SPC;SALMONELLA) IN TECH-MANUAL

Design Approaches

• GRT conforms to designs to standards including: AustRoads, AASHTO, and others.• Typically, structural design approaches to flexible pavement are empirical in nature.• However limitations of the empirical approach are becoming increasingly obvious with developments in the

transportation system and increased knowledge in the fields of pavement mechanics and material science. • Premature failures of asphalt overlays within few years of construction are not uncommon, and the need for a

more comprehensive mechanistic pavement design model has been recognized. Despite efforts by researchers in the last decades to enhance the mechanistic part of the design, no fully satisfactory, comprehensive alternative to the empirical approach has been found.

• Research conducted by the Directorate for Transportation of the European Commission, in the late 1990s, to evaluate existing advanced analytical pavement design models, showed that the output varied considerably from model to model

• Now there is a major effort to develop a new AASHTO Design Guide, with a potential to address the specific effects of the environment and traffic on the materials that relates its structural response to a realistic pavement performance.

• GRT is working with leading Pavement Design Engineers to provide a GRT Mechanistic Design Tool to optimise GRT treated Roads.

GRT Testing – CBR Performance

GRT retains up to 80% of Dry strength in a Soaked Test

Project 1 Project 2 Project 3 Project 40

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Untreated - Soaked

Treated - Soaked

*FIELD DCP TESTS WERE CONDUCTED WITH 2HRS SOAKAGE AFTER FLOODS IN AREA

Project SoilUntreated

Soaked (4days)Treated

Soaked (4days)Papua New Guinea - Nupuru to Okapa Road

Unprocessed Grey Mudstone from Kefanga 53 94 (GRT7000)

Papua New Guinea - Nupuru to Okapa Road

Mix Kamaliki sub-base (Base B) + capping from Kefanga - grey mudstone 45 140 (GRT7000)

Papua New Guinea - Nupuru to Okapa Road 40mm crushed Kamaliki sub base 65 149 (GRT7000)

Australia – Dalby, Shultz’s Road Pilot

Black Soil & White Gravel insitu blend 27 95* (GRT9000)

RESULTS PROVIDED BY CLIENTS’ REGISTERED LABS TO NATIONAL STANDARDS

GRT Testing – Mpa Soak 4 Days

L/m3 L / m2 Dry MPa Wet MPa % Retain

Series 1 0 L 0.00L 813 0 0%

Series 1a 20 L 1.50L 3,186 1,625 51%

Series 2 21 L 1.61L 3,216 1,640 51%

Series 2a 32 L 2.41L 3,550 2,250 63%

Series 2b 37 L 2.75L 3,950 2,800 71%Series 3 43 L 3.21L 4,255 3,251 76%

Series 3a 47 L 3.50L 4,500 3,700 82%

Series 3b 54 L 4.02L 4,725 4,100 87%

Series 4 64 L 4.82L 4,968 4,527 91%

Dry MPa Wet MPa0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000 Series 1Series 1aSeries 2Series 2aSeries 2bSeries 3Series 3aSeries 3bSeries 4 Se

ries 1

Serie

s 1a

Serie

s 2

Serie

s 2a

Serie

s 2b

Serie

s 3

Serie

s 3a

Serie

s 3b

Serie

s 4

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

Dry MPaWet MPa

QLD TRANSPORT & MAIN ROADS TEST REPORT: A6154GRT9000 WITH CBR 35 MATERIAL

GRT – Typical Pavement Dosage

TREATED DEPTH0.050m

TREATED DEPTH0.075m

TREATED DEPTH0.100m

TREATED DEPTH0.125m

TREATED DEPTH0.150m

TREATED DEPTH0.175m

TREATED DEPTH0.200m

ARID/LIGHT TRAFFIC 1.5 L/m2 2 L/m2 2.75 L/m2 3.5 L/m2 4.25 L/m2 4.75 L/m2 5.5 L/m2

NEW STANDARD 1.75 L/m2 2.75 L/m2 3.5 L/m2 4.5 L/m2 5.25 L/m2 6.25 L/m2 7 L/m2

HEAVY VEHICLES 2 L/m2 3 L/m2 4 L/m2 5 L/m2 6 L/m2 7 L/m2 8 L/m2

WET/HAUL 2.5 L/m2 4 L/m2 5 L/m2 6.5 L/m2 7.5 L/m2 9 L/m2 10 L/m2

BELOW DESIGN

MINIMUM

ROAD SHOULDER STABILISER

DRY/ARID CLIMATE DESIGN

GENERAL PURPOSE SUB-

TROPIC

HEAVY VEHICLE

TROPICAL

ULTRA HEAVY AND

FLOODING

<50% 50% 50-69% 70% 75% 75<LEGEND: WET STRENGTH PERCENTAGE RETENTION OF DRY STRENGTH

DOSAGE OF LITRES PER SQUARE METRE FOR PAVEMENT DESIGN TO MEET REQUIRED RETENTION OF DRY STRENGTH MPa FOR PAVEMENT DESIGN

Application of GRT Stabiliser GRT9000 in L / m2

1.50L 1.75L 2.00L 2.50L 2.75L 3.00L 3.50L 4.00L 5.00L 6.00L 7.00L

TREATED

PAVEMENT

DEPTH (m)

0.050

0.075

0.100

0.125

0.150

0.175

0.200

Case Study – Regional Highway

Estimate Required Thickness for ESAL 2.5 for Life 20yrs @ R80%• Conventional 533mm

– Sub-base, Base A&B >406mm– Surface course >130mm

• GRT 185mm– Treat Sub-base >120mm– Surface course >65mm– Significant cost savings in Time &

Machinery plus single pass with CBR 25 material treated and rolled

Each Road is different and all projects require individual design by Civil Engineers

Indicative Cross Sections

Case Study Palm Plantation Stage 1

• 4 of 60km Haul Roads required rating of 16t/axle• 10 of 350km Access Roads required rating 3t/axle• Another Soil Stabilisation product had been used on the Main Roads &

Access Roads• The product used was a sulphate product• The intense wet season destabilised the roads• GRT was requested to conduct tests on the soil and seek a solution using

GRT product

Condition of Road at Inspection

After the first wet season roads had significant Deformation

Operators Deemed Road to beNon-Trafficable due to failure

GRT Laboratory Testing - Soak

Sample Untreated Sample Treated with GRT9000

Soak Test at 0 Hours

Untreated already breaking up Treated sample unaffected

Soak Test at 3 Hours

Untreated completely collapsed Treated sample unaffected

Soak Test at 16 Hours

Untreated completely collapsed Treated sample unaffected

Case Study - Roads

Access Roads at Inspection Access Roads after Installation

GRT - Pilot Project Recommendations

Specific• State a defined outcome/result• Be preciseMeasurable• Quantifiable• Define reasonable criteria for successAchievable• Within the capabilities of the products but challenging• Comparable with objectives for other systems• Within available resources (time and/or money)• Appropriate resource should be in placeRelevant• Directly linked to the objectives and priorities• Appropriate to current and future developmentsTime-framed• Set a date for completion• Identified as medium or long-term• Part of a series of phased dates for long-term.

Strategic Actions

Typical outputs that might be expected from this stage include:• Communication plan – Publicity, Reports etc.• Lessons learnt• Input to standards• Maintenance plan• Handover documentation• Business plan review• Risk review.• Further Projects scheduled

GRT Pilot Project – Road Stabilisation

The Pilot Project at Shultz’s Road, Ducklow, QLD. required 200+ Semi-Trailer water trucks, plus many Bdouble trucks daily, and drill rigs to be trafficable in all weather to mitigate down time of drilling operations. (Drill rigs were ultimately trafficked along this road in flood conditions).Road Was Unsealed White Rock 70mm over Cotton Black SoilTreatment to blended 50:50 White Rock & Black Soil with 2.5L GRT9000 per square metre with seal coat of GRT8000.

Construction PhasesStandard Procedure modified to utilise grader mixing in lieu of stabilising machine1. Rip to depth and widen existing road to profile with grader as required.2. Add imported material as required for formation to repair and/or upgrade.3. Run stabiliser through area to be treated in section4. Spray GRT9000 per dosage over width of treatment area to OMC.5. Run stabiliser through area twice6. Trim surface with grader adding surface moisture as required.7. Compact with static drum roller.8. Final trim 9. Spray seal coat GRT800010. Final compact multi tyred roller.

Pilot Project - Completed

• Road Condition before • Road Condition after • Road Condition during heavy rain, normally closed in similar conditions

Pilot Project – Project Procedure

• Initial Application of GRT9000 • Grader turning/mixing GRT9000 into insitu material

GRT recommends use of stabilisation machine for mixing GRT products into materials. Use of a grader should be last resort for mixing product and should always be undertaken under the supervision of GRT Technical Personnel.

Pilot Project – Project Procedure

• Further application of GRT9000 to grader turned Insitu material

• Further application of GRT9000 to grader turned Insitu material

Pilot Project – Project Procedure

• Spreading windrow of GRT9000 blended material with Grader

• Rolling trimmed road with drum roller

GRT recommends use of stabilisation machine for mixing GRT products into materials. Use of a grader should be last resort for mixing product and should always be undertaken under the supervision of GRT Technical Personnel.

Pilot Project – Project Procedure

• Close up of finished road • Freshly finished

Pilot Project - Completed

• Road Condition when cured

• Road Condition after Traffic

• Road Condition during heavy rain normally closed in similar conditions

Control Test: Test site 7 was untreated and used as ControlWhite Rock untreated retained CBR 30%Cotton Black Soil untreated retained average of 13%All testing onsite was with only 2hrs of soakage

Case Study - Roads

Case Study - Roads

Case Study - Roads

Broken Roads Leads toBroken Communities

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