growth of professionalism

8/8/2019 GROWTH of Professionalism

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GROWTH

OF

PROFESSIONALISM



Nursing has taking a big step now. And it¶s

growth shows that the number of people that

get the necessary medical assistance growstoo.

Nursing care has developed mainly owing

to the high level of professionalism

demonstrated in the last couple of years.

As nurses are indeed required

professionals their duty is to focus on the

kind of care they are giving. It especiallyconcerns the people that have difficult and

hard to cure diseases. They have to focus

on the quality of the care they give. Their

knowledge has to be narrower



1.) PROFESSION

A profession has aunique body of

knowledge and values ±

and a perspective to go

with it.

The whole body of persons engaged in a

calling or vocation



PROFESSION

The nursing profession began with agenuine desire to serve and care for

others, combined with a sense of

compassion and commitment.

Nurses are special people. Nursing is a unique profession

because of its synthesis of practice,

multidimensional

assessment/intervention,interpersonal communication, case

management, and resource-linking

on behalf of patient



PROFESSIONAL

Characterized by, or

conforming to, the

technical or ethical

standards of a

profession



PROFESSIONAL

Professionals are expected

to show a degree of special

attainment, altruism, andself-sacrifice in their

dealings with the rest of the

community and in returnreceive privileges both in the

workplace and at large



PROFESSIONALISM

Professionalism is a

calling which

requires specialized

knowledge and often

long and extensiveacademic

preparation.



PROFESSIONALISM

In order to emphasize

professionalism within

nursing, each nurseneeds to understand the

opportunities,

responsibilities and

concerns that are integral

to the nursing profession.



a.) Specialized Education

the aggregate of systematized

knowledge and practical abilities

required for the performance of

skilled work in a given specialty. A Master's Degree

A Doctorate

Certifications

State Licenses

Exams



Master's Degree

A master's degree in nursing isessential for certain nursing

specialties.

For example, if you wish tobecome a nurse

anesthesiologist or a certified

nurse midwife you must

complete a master's degree in

the field of anesthesiology or

midwifery.



Doctorate

Nurses who wish to teach in anursing school, college or university

are strongly advised to have

doctorates in the field of nursing.

A doctorate in the field indicates thatthe nurse has performed original

research.

Doctorate holders may teach classes

and assume leadership roles in thefield of nursing. They may teach

nurses in an academic setting,

supervise hospital nurses or work in an

administrative role



Certifications

A nurse who specializes in a

specific field of health care

may be required to completea course of specialized

training in that field.



Licenses

All nurses are required to pass

a state licensing exam in order

to become employed. Some

nurses may choose to complete

additional state licensing

exams. Some states accept

licenses from other states butmany do not have reciprocal

licensing agreements.



b.) Body of Knowledge

Body of Knowledge (BOK)

is a term used to represent

the complete set of concepts, terms and

activities that make up a

professional domain.



c.) Ethics

Branch of philosophy

concerned with determining

right and wrong in relation topeople¶s decisions and

actions.



Ethics

The values or moral

principles governing

relationships between thenurse and patient, the

patient's family, other

members of the healthprofessions, and the general

public.



d.) Autonomy

is a concept found

in moral, political, and bioethical

philosophy.

autonomy is often used as the

basis for determining moral

responsibility for one's actions

Nursing is an autonomous, self-

governing profession, a distinct

scientific discipline with many

autonomous practice features.



Professional autonomy means having

the authority to make decisions and

the freedom to act in accordance with

one's professional knowledge base.

An understanding of autonomy is

needed to clarify and develop thenursing profession in rapidly

changing health care environments

and internationally there is a concern

about how the core elements of nursing are taken care of when

focusing on expansion and extension

of specialist nursing roles.



4 Fundamental Patterns of Knowing

"Nursing depends on the scientificknowledge of human behavior in

health and in illness, the esthetic

perception of significant humanexperiences, a personal

understanding of the unique

individuality of the self, and the

capacity to make choices withinconcrete situations involving

particular moral judgments."Barbara

A. Carper, 1978



Carper's fundamental ways of

knowing

is a typology that attempts

to classify the different

sources from whichknowledge and beliefs in

professional practice

(originally specificallynursing) can or have been

derived.



CARPER¶S 4 PATTERN OF

KNOWING



1.) The Science in Nursing

(Empirical)

Em pirical:

Factual knowledge from science

or other external sources, thatcan be empirically verified.

Empirical knowledge, which canonly be found in books and

research.



The Science of Nursing is a continuously

evolving process of inquiry.



Nursing Science

Nurses rely on intuition - the lived

experience

practical knowledge such as

evidence-based practice

influence of other disciplines

i.e. pathology, physiology,

pharmacology, sociology,psychology, biology, chemistry,

etc.;

Conceptual models and informatics.



2.) Nursing Ethics

Ethical:

Attitudes and knowledge derived

from an ethical framework,including an awareness

of moral questions and choices.

Ethical knowledge, which consists

of one's moral and religious

beliefs



Nursing Ethics

An expression of how nurses

ought to conduct themselves.

Refers to ethical standards thatgovern and guide nurses in

everyday practice such as

³being truthful with clients´

³respecting client confidentiality´and ³advocating on behalf of the

client.´



3.)Nursing Aesthetics

Aesthet ic: Awareness of the

immediate situation, seated in

immediate practical action;

including awareness of the

patient and their circumstances

as uniquely individual, and of

the combined wholeness of thesituation.



Aesthetic knowledge,

which refers to the art of

doing something and howyou do it.



4.) Personal Knowledge

P ersonal: Knowledge and

attitudes derived from

personal self-understanding and

empathy, including imagining

one's self in the patient's

position.

Personal knowledge, which you

can only get from experiences.



Level of Proficiency according

to Benner

Novice

Beginner Competent

Proficient Expert



Novice

Beginners have had noexperience of the situations in

which they are expected to

perform.

Novices are taught rules to help

them perform.

"Just tell me what I need to do

and I'll do it."



Novice

The novice has no practicalexperience and must base what

they do on principles and rules.

Benner states that ³nursing

students enter a new clinical

area as novices; they have little

understanding of the contextual

meaning of the recently learnedtextbook terms´.



Advanced Beginner

Advanced beginners are those who can

demonstrate marginally acceptableperformance,

those who have coped with enough real

situations to note, or to have pointed out to

them by a mentor, the recurring meaningfulsituational components.

These components require prior

experience in actual situations for

recognition. Principles to guide actions

begin to be formulated.

The principles are based on

experience.



Advanced Beginner

The advanced beginner has dealt with

enough real patient care experiences to

recognize recurring components of the

situation.

They are also learning to discriminate

between normal and abnormal

situations and establish priorities as to

what¶s important.



Competent

Competence, typified by the

nurse who has been on the job

in the same or similar situations

two or three years, develops

when the nurse begins to see

his or her actions in terms of

long-range goals or plans of which he or she is consciously

aware.



Competent

The competent nurse is better atprojecting into the future and

developing plans based on

³conscious, abstract, analytic

contemplation of the problem´

This promotes efficiency and

organization.



Although the competent

nurse has a sense of

mastery and is able to copewith a number of variables,

she/he still ³lacks the speed

and flexibility of theproficient nurse´

Competent



Proficient

The proficient nurse knowsfrom experience what to

expect in given situations

and how to modify plans.Rather than having to

analyze and calculate a

plan, the plan simply³presents itself.´



Proficient

The proficient nurse can now

recognize when the expected

normal picture does not materialize.

This holistic understanding improvesthe proficient nurse's decision

making; it becomes less labored

because the nurse now has a

perspective on which of the manyexisting attributes and aspects in the

present situation are the important

ones.



The Exper t

The expert has an intuitive

grasp of situations based on

extensive experience.

Rules, guidelines, and maxims

are no longer necessary for

dealing with familiar situations

although the expert refers backto analytic methods when faced

with new situations. .



The Exper t

The expert is able to zero in on

the problem and performance

becomes fluid, flexible, and

highly proficient.

The expert has a difficult time

explaining what they know and

how they know it because it hasbecome internalized.



The Exper t

The expert operates from a deep

understanding of the total situation.

The chess master, for instance,

when asked why he or she made aparticularly masterful move, will just

say: "Because it felt right; it looked

good." The performer is no longer

aware of features and rules; his/her performance becomes fluid and

flexible and highly proficient.

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