Group Formation (w) IN-Class (Various Types)IN-Class (Various Types)

Homogenous Heterogenous

Dyads Dyads

Same-sex Balanced sex

Cultural Multicultural

Discipline-specific Inter-disciplinary

Alphabetic Random

Age Cross-aged

Self-selected JigSaw?

Group Presentations(for those opting for the Applied Stream)

In-Class Format Examples:In-Class Format Examples: Skit on StageSkit on Stage MimeMime Robbins’ Robbins’

Motivational Motivational Sales Sales PitchPitch

Puppet ShowPuppet Show Write/perform a songWrite/perform a song PowerPointPowerPoint Live or Video? Live or Video?

(80% opt for video)(80% opt for video)

ETC.ETC.

Principles:-Principles:- 2 to 6 people per group2 to 6 people per group concept, technique, concept, technique,

vocabulary, model, from a vocabulary, model, from a selected chapterselected chapter

5 to 10 minutes5 to 10 minutes PENALTY for exceeding PENALTY for exceeding

10 minutes (10%)10 minutes (10%) ““less is more”less is more”

Video--Group Presentation Possibilities write, produce, and video a skit, puppet show, write, produce, and video a skit, puppet show,

etc.etc. samples of video clips with commentarysamples of video clips with commentary interview children/teachers/parents...interview children/teachers/parents... Cartoons Cartoons or wherever your creativity leads...or wherever your creativity leads... If Video keep in mind:If Video keep in mind: audio quality / camera stabilityaudio quality / camera stability transfer to VCR format / timelinestransfer to VCR format / timelines could be an .mpg file on a CD, or Flash could be an .mpg file on a CD, or Flash

Drive , or DVDDrive , or DVD media services (Lambton Towers, see Larry media services (Lambton Towers, see Larry

Foley)Foley) As these videos are designed to instruct your As these videos are designed to instruct your

peers, your students, your associate teachers, the peers, your students, your associate teachers, the parents of students, the public, and so on, they parents of students, the public, and so on, they may be shown in other educational psychology may be shown in other educational psychology classes, at other times…classes, at other times…

Note 1. Every year I get requests from former students for a copy of their presentation (particularly the very good productions) for in-service sessions they are working on in their present teaching positions. I can’t always find them, or make copies, so I suggest you make sure everyone in your group who wants a copy has a copy.

Note 2. In the past, the target audience was limited to student teachers—your peers. In the interests of practicality and future utility the student teacher may be the secondary target, and you may opt for primary target audiences such as: practicing teachers, parents, children, adolescents, professionals, media, and so on.

How do you get people to talk?

Pontificator

Reflective

Gregarious

Avoider

Fearful

Gendered

Answers:-Small Groups-Low Threat Topics-Give Time to Reflect-Ask Questions-Personalize Topics

Anxious

SOCIAL

Talk Encouraging PracticesProfiles In The PJ Division

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Dram

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Prese

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Readin

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Coope

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Teac

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Chora

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Share

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Peer C

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Sharin

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Pee

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Respo

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Practice

0

1

2

3

4

Rat

ing

TeacherStudent

Professor

Re TALK (little-lessons)

Save your voiceSave your voice Use SignalsUse Signals Hand SignalsHand Signals Light SignalsLight Signals Bells, whistles, claps, shhh,...Bells, whistles, claps, shhh,... Watch the associateWatch the associate The HornThe Horn

Re TALK (a little-lesson) (to facilitate class activities)

Good talk.Good talk. Noise can facilitate.Noise can facilitate. Bring texts to class Bring texts to class (talk & (talk &

group work)group work)

Class and group Class and group participation is evaluatedparticipation is evaluated

Bad talk.Bad talk. Noise can interfere.Noise can interfere. Whispering is a distractor Whispering is a distractor

when others are trying to when others are trying to communicate. communicate.

Be courteous when the Be courteous when the professor, a guest, or a professor, a guest, or a classmate is addressing classmate is addressing the entire class!!!the entire class!!!

Survey says……Generally there is:

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Regression Stasis Growth

Opinion

What do educators recommend?

Summer schoolSummer schoolSeptember reviewSeptember reviewExtended school yearExtended school yearSummer reading programSummer reading programSummer enrichment programsSummer enrichment programs

Beggs & Hieronymous 1968

Studied 2000 studentsStudied 2000 studentsGrades 5 …6Grades 5 …6Tested May and OctoberTested May and OctoberITBS (11 subtests)ITBS (11 subtests)

What does the research indicate?

Bottom Line:

...on arithmetic…maybe...on arithmetic…maybe

GENERALLY NO LAGSGENERALLY NO LAGS

Soar & Soar, 1969

Studied 189 studentsStudied 189 studentsGrades 5 …6Grades 5 …6tested: Oct May Octtested: Oct May OctITBS (voc, reading, math)ITBS (voc, reading, math)

Soar & Soar, 1969

TestTest OctOct May May OctOctVoc BaseVoc Base 8.1m8.1m 4.0m4.0mRead BaseRead Base 6.4m6.4m 3.5m3.5mConc BaseConc Base 6.7m6.7m 3.0m3.0mProb BaseProb Base 6.8m6.8m 4.9m4.9m

October score should be one-third of the May score…

Other Studies

Heynes (1978) N=1500 Gr 6Heynes (1978) N=1500 Gr 6Low SES … -.28yrs (loss over summer)Low SES … -.28yrs (loss over summer)High SES… .29yrs (gain over summer)High SES… .29yrs (gain over summer)

Bottom Line:

SES seems to be criticalSES seems to be critical

Other Studies

Wintre (1988) (grades 1, 3, 5)Wintre (1988) (grades 1, 3, 5) Gains for word knowledgeGains for word knowledge Gains for readingGains for reading Gains for math conceptsGains for math concepts Loss for math computations (gr 3)Loss for math computations (gr 3)

Reece, Myers, Nofsinger, & Brown, 2000

Used curriculum-based-measures (CBM) not Used curriculum-based-measures (CBM) not norm-referenced measuresnorm-referenced measures

N=749 (Grades 1, 3 and 5) rural KentuckyN=749 (Grades 1, 3 and 5) rural Kentucky Traditional (10wk) (180-200 instr. Days?)Traditional (10wk) (180-200 instr. Days?) Alternative (8wk) (135 instr. Days?)Alternative (8wk) (135 instr. Days?) May be an examination of more vacation days!May be an examination of more vacation days! The effect is for the primary grades only?The effect is for the primary grades only?

Implications?Effects are complexEffects are complexSummer school (Not critical, Summer school (Not critical, but…but…))Extended school year (Not critical, Extended school year (Not critical, but…but…))September review (Not critical September review (Not critical but schema activation is but schema activation is

important…important…))SES (Seems Important, SES (Seems Important, but… see Dorothy Lee…but… see Dorothy Lee…))Take a Break! (Important, Take a Break! (Important, but…our study of leisure…but…our study of leisure…))

Even In class… Even In class… but not in 203?but not in 203?

Check the “Summer Vacation” links on the class WEB Site

Little Vacations Take a break!Take a break!

A coffee break!

A virtual break

Take the kids “outside”

A walk

Get a good book to read

A trip home