ground water quality assessment of milli watershed area in
TRANSCRIPT
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 11, Number 4 (2016) pp 2620-2624
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
2620
Ground Water Quality Assessment of Milli Watershed Area in Zaheerabad
M.A. Kalam
Research Scholar from GITAM University, Vizag, Andhra Pradesh, India. Associate Professor in DCET, Hyderabad, India.
Dr. M. Ramesh
Professor & Head, Department of Civil Engineering, GITAM University, Vizag, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Abstract
Due to rapid increase in the population, Industrialization &
Agriculture the demand of water increasing day by day as a
result surface water & ground water levels decreasing &
demand of good quality of water has become more expensive.
In this paper my study area was considered in which seven
villages comes under Zaheerabad & Kohir mandal, water
samples are collected at the main drinking water supply
schemes like rural water supply points, these se samples have
been tested by government laboratory of Telangana situated at
Narayanguda Hyderabad & test samples were certified by
Chief Water Analyst. Around nine parameters are tested like
pH, Dissolved solids, Total hardness, Fluorides, Chlorides,
etc. Water quality index is calculated by using the above
parameters. GIS software is used to develop the spatial
distribution for different parameters
Key words: GIS & RS, Ground water, Ground water quality,
Zaheerabad Study area map, Medak.
Introduction
Catchments and water sheds have been identified as planning
units for administrative purpose to conserve precision
resources. The concept of watershed management recognizes
the inter-relationship between land-use, soil and water and the
linkage between uplands and downstream areas. Keeping the
ever increasing population, food security is needed and it is
compulsory to develop water and land resources. The
excessive exploitation of natural resources adversely affects
the availability of these resources and causes serious threat to
the existing eco-system.
Water-shed development programme not only protect and
conserve the environment, but also contribute to lively
hood.Integrated watershed concept using is easy, simple and
affordable. Local technologies are used to mitigate droughts
which occur frequently in some places. The basic object is to
increase production and availability of food, fodder and fuel.
Watershed management is an iterative process of integrated
decision making regarding use and modification of land and
water with in the water shed. The ground water studies, GIS is
commonly used for site suitability analysis, estimation of
ground water vulnerability to contamination Through R.S
meticulous information can be obtained by interpreting,
analyzing and monitoring the spatial natural resources. The
information combined with spatial data in G.I.S can prove to
be a versatile tool giving exhaustive information of a
particular area. In present study an attempt was made to
calculate water quality index for Zaheerabad.
Objectives
To Study and analyze characteristics of ground water
quality.
To estimate water quality index in the catchment.
Study Area
The study area lies between 170 31’30’’ and 170 39’ North
latitude area of 65.82 Km2, conventional surveys and satellite
image data interpretation techniques and GIS technology is
used not only to increase results accuracy, but also to reduce
the bias on single theme. The satellite data will give the
outline features which are useful to indicate ground water
presence. Geomorphology, Geology, Structure and climate are
the controlling factors for ground water occurrence,
movement, and storage.
These features are not observed with naked eye but easily find
through remote sensing.GIS can be used for storing
hydrologic data as well as their spatial location.
The study area is situated at a distance of 120 km from
Hyderabad the capital of Telangana. The Study area includes
7 villages in Zaheerabad of Medak district.The soil cover is
well developed and it contains red Color. Normal rainfall
occur in June to September and its average rainfall is 675.8
mm but the rainfall reduced is 438.6 mm with a deficit of
35%.In Medak district there are total 46 mandals out of which
43 mandals fall under deficit. The minimum temperature is
recorded in the month of December as 11oC and maximum
temperature occurs in the month of May as 44oC.
Southwest monsoon create rainfall in the month of June.
Cropping pattern is two seasons Kharif and Rabi.
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 11, Number 4 (2016) pp 2620-2624
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
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Figure 1: Study Area Map
Material and Method DEM is generated for the satellite data, toposheets, slope map,
rainfall data, temperature, etc. Seven samples have been
collected from seven villages with sterile bottle 100ml
capacity for bacteriological analysis, two liters sample was
collected for physical & chemical analysis.
Land Use Land Cover Figure:
Figure 2: Land Use Land Cover
Figure 3: Rainfall Vs Years
Table 1: Monsoon Parameters
Year Pre Monsoon Monsoon Post Monsoon
2001-02 4 623 229
2002-03 19 584.8 82.4
2003-04 22.6 564.4 127.8
2004-05 35.2 759.8 61
2005-06 38 759 58
2006-07 40 761 57
2007-08 37 758 60
2008-09 43 734 80
2009-10 44 702 90
2010-11 29 745 70
2011-12 22 747 31
2012-13 24 742 82
2013-14 26 745 65
Runoff Q= Garde’s Equation
Q= Garde’s Equation
Q = 25.5 Mm3.
Water Quality Analysis:
Table 2: Water Quality Parameters
Parameters Standard Value Pichangad Machveddi palli Khanapur Sajjapur Parsapalle Shaikapur Malchalma
E - Conductivity 300 640 886 710 243 531 1520 510
Dissolved Solid 500 422 585 468 160 350 1003 336
Alkalinity 120 85 305 290 35 225 475 225
Hardness 300 220 425 280 45 205 675 245
Calcium (Ca) 75 54 285 175 8.0 56 148 50
Magnesium (Mg) 30 21 34 30 6.0 16 74 29
Chlorides 250 65 70 250 25 25 200 35
Sulphates 150 20 08 150 14 30 49 20
Water Quality Index - 297 183.4 147.3 70.13 108.4 289.6 95.1
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 11, Number 4 (2016) pp 2620-2624
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
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Integrated Ground Water Quality Mapping
Figure 4: Spatial Distribution Map Of Alkalinity
Figure 5: Spatial Distribution Map Of Chlorine
Figure 6: Spatial Distribution Map Of Calcium
Figure 7: Spatial Distribution Map Of Dissolved Solids
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 11, Number 4 (2016) pp 2620-2624
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
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Figure 8: Spatial Distribution Map Of Electrical Conductivity
Figure 9: Spatial Distribution Map of Sulphate
Figure 10: Spatial Distribution Map Of Magnesium
Figure 11: Spatial Distribution Map Of Hardness
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 11, Number 4 (2016) pp 2620-2624
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
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Figure 12: Spatial Distribution Map Of WQI
Table 3: WQI Vs WQS
Water Quality Index Water Quality Status
0-25 Excellent
26-50 Good
51-75 Poor
76-100 Very Poor
>100 Unsuitable
Conclusions Laboratory analysis & GIS are combined to asses & mapping
of Ground Water Quality. The spatial distribution of pH,
Chlorides, Magnesium, Sulphates, etc. are shown for the study
area. Over all view of water quality index of the present study showed most of the area is >100 & it is unsuitable for
drinking. For Sajjapur & Malchalma are showing very poor in
quality status. Electrical conductivity for all villages is more
than standard values except Sajjapur. Dissolved solids for two
villages Machereddipalli & Shaikapur is grater than standard
value. Alkalinity for Pichagard, Shajjapur is less than standard
value. Hardness in the study area Machereddipally and
Shaikapur are more than standard value.
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