Ground Source Heat Pumps (‘Geothermal’)

Why use the ground?

Ground Temperatures below ~10m near constant throughout the year

Air vs Ground Temperature (Met Office)

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Month

Deg

C

Average Air Temp Min Average Air temp

Max Average Air Temp Average Ground Temperature <10m

How do you get useful heat from the ground?

Heat Pump Cycle (refrigerator in reverse)

Ground SideLow temperature resource

Building SideLow Temperature HeatingHigh Temperature Cooling

1 unit of electricity = 3-5 Units of heat or coolth

What do heat pumps look like?

Ground Coupled Heat Pump - “Closed Loop” Horizontal Ground Loop• Less expensive … but Less Efficient• External area required

Vertical Ground Loop• More expensive… but more efficient• Require less external area

Installation Pictures

Suitable Applications

• Heating and Cooling

• Suited to low temperature heating (maximum of ~50) and high temperature cooling.

• Not suited to older buildings with high temperature heating systems 80/60

• Suited to new build, well insulated buildings, under-floor heating, chilled beams or air based systems

Bio-Energy

Planning Aspects

• Requires a stack for larger facilities• Needs good access and storage capacity• Increased vehicle movements• Important to differentiate between clean

‘wood combustion’ and contaminated (waste) facilities or incinerators

• Woodland management wins and energy crops grown locally can deliver many benefits

Technical

• Very flexible, can produce heat, heat and power (CHP) or heat, power and cooling (trigeneration)

• Provides ‘base load power’• The most important potential on-shore

renewable for the SE Region• Applicable to small, medium or large scale

applications• Traditional use in rural communities

NIMBYism• Emotional response

to energy centre plans – attempts to frighten people

• Based on incorrect information or even disinformation

• Not uncommon – counter with the facts

Wood FuelWood Fuel

• Renewable energy source unlike others• Directly replaces flexibility of fossil fuels • Heat, electricity, cooling, or combined (CHP)• Carbon neutral

TV Bioenergy

Wood Fuel

Sources

Management

Harvesting

Chipping

Dry/Storage

Transportation

Wood fuel supply

Slough Heat & Power

Wood fuel

Types of Wood FuelTypes of Wood Fuel

Types of wood fuel include:

– Logs

– Wood chip

– Wood pellets

TV Bioenergy

Wood Fuel

Sources

Management

Harvesting

Chipping

Dry/Storage

Transportation

Log BurnersLog Burners

TV Bioenergy

Wood Fuel

Sources

Management

Harvesting

Chipping

Dry/Storage

Transportation

• Up to 70% efficiency compared to less than 12% for open fires

• Systems available for space heating alone or with back boilers

• Buy a burner to suit the room

Log BoilersLog Boilers

TV Bioenergy

Wood Fuel

Sources

Management

Harvesting

Chipping

Dry/Storage

Transportation

• Systems can be semi- automated

• Rated up to 400kW• Ideal for home workers• Ideal for foresters/tree

surgeons

Woodchip BoilersWoodchip Boilers

• Rated from 40kW up to 1MW

• Full automated systems

• Need to store the fuel in a hopper adjacent to the boiler

TV Bioenergy

Wood Fuel

Sources

Management

Harvesting

Chipping

Dry/Storage

Transportation

Woodchip BoilersWoodchip Boilers

TV Bioenergy

Wood Fuel

Sources

Management

Harvesting

Chipping

Dry/Storage

Transportation

• Low energy density fuel– 18MJ/t compared to

36MJ/t for oil

• Vehicle access to fuel store

• Low cost fuel – 1.5-2p/kWh

compared to 3.5-4p/kWh for oil

Pellet StovesPellet Stoves

• Both pellets and stoves are becoming widely available in the UK

• Styles in both classic and modern

• Integrated hoppers• Automated feed• Thermostatically

controlled

TV Bioenergy

Wood Fuel

Sources

Management

Harvesting

Chipping

Dry/Storage

Transportation

Pellet BoilersPellet Boilers

• Require a third of the storage of wood chip boilers

• Boilers cost significantly less than woodchip boilers

• Fuel is more expensive than wood chip– £180/tonne – 3.6p/kWh

• Fuel can be delivered bagged or in bulk

• Hoppers can be built into the system

TV Bioenergy

Wood Fuel

Sources

Management

Harvesting

Chipping

Dry/Storage

Transportation

Hybrid Solutions

Small wind & solar energy …

GSHP with Solar Technologies

DKITHospital

Newry

DHS

Industry

Housing

Land

Town

Hotel

HOLISTIC

• Holistic Optimisation Leading to Integration of Sustainable Technologies In Communities

Main Partners• Dundalk (Ireland)• Modling (Austria)• Neuchatel (Switzerland)Associate Communities• Cross border – Newry & Bratislava• Ministry of Environment (Italy)

Holistic Proposal – Demonstration Work packages

1. Biomass CHP & District Heating 2. Xerox wind turbine3. Renewable Street lighting4. Refurbishment - housing5. Refurbishment – non residential6. New Eco houses7. New Eco non residential8. Metering & DSM9. Voluntary Agreements with Industry10.Energy Management Bureau

Targets

•20% renewable electricity in SEZ•20% renewable thermal in SEZ•40% improvement in energy performance in selected buildings•Energy agreements with industry•Upgraded planning by-laws•Integration into wider community

•20% renewable electricity in SEZ•20% renewable thermal in SEZ•40% improvement in energy performance in selected buildings•Energy agreements with industry•Upgraded planning by-laws•Integration into wider community

Sources of Further Information

• Project supported by GOSE on behalf of the SE Sustainable Energy Partnership

• Costs met from DTI/SEEDA/GOSE resources

• Full coverage since November 2005

SEE-Stats website

SEE-Stats website

Contact TV Energy at:Contact TV Energy at:

www.tvenergy.org

01635 81742001635 817420