Trajectories of learning….

Gráinne Conole, University of Leicester 14th November

OUA QASAR seminar RMIT, Melbourne

National Teaching Fellow 2012

Outline

• The technological context

• Learner experience

• Digital literacies

• Pedagogical approaches

• Disaggregation of education

• Learning design

• Changing practices

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http://scienceoftheinvisible.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/a-ramble-through-history-of-online.html http://halfanhour.blogspot.be/2012/02/e-learning-generations.html

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User generated content

Peer critiquing

Networked

Collective aggregation

Personalised

Open

Technological trends

• Mobiles and e-books

• Personalised learning

• Cloud computing

• Ubiquitous learning

• BYOD (Bring your own device)

• Technology-Enhanced learning spaces

• Learning analytics

Technologies

• Transforming everything we do

• New forms of communication and collaboration

• Multiple rich representations

• Tools to find, create, manage, share

• Networked, distributed, peer reviewed, open

• Complex, dynamic and co-evolving

http://www.flickr.com/photos/oceanflynn/6638184545/

Technologies for learning

• Audio-graphics

• Blogs

• E-Books

• E-Portfolios

• Games

• Instant Messaging

• Mashups

• Mobile learning

• Photo sharing

• Podcasts

• RSS feeds

• Second life

• Social bookmarking

• Twitter

• Video Mesaging

• Wikis

• Video clips and YouTube

• Video chat

Rennie and Morrison, 2012

Learning Management Systems

Content Communication

tools

Collaboration tools

Assessment tools

Upload tools

Tracking tools

Library

Finance

Student records

Registration

Timetabling

Conole, forthcoming, UNESCO briefing paper

The MATEL study

• Productivity and creativity

• Networked collaboration

• Content creation

• Visualisation and simulation

• Learning Management Systems

• Learning environment

• Games

• Devices, interfaces and connectivity

http://www.flickr.com/photos/wfryer/462376660/

http://www.menon.org/matel/

Aspects of learning

Individual Collaborative

Creating and accessing content

Learning organisation

Game changers

• Harnessing the power of new media

• Need to rethink education

• Key questions – How can we reach more

learners, more effectively?

– What is the impact of free resources, tools and expertise?

– What new business models are emerging?

– What new digital literacies are needed?

http://www.educause.edu/game-changers

• Technology immersed • Learning approaches: task-

orientated, experiential, just in time, cumulative, social

• Personalised digital learning environment

• Mix of institutional systems and cloud-based tools and services

• Use of course materials with free resources

Sharpe, Beetham and De Freitas, 2010

Learner experience

http://www.educause.edu/studentsAndTechnologyInfographic

Digital literacies

• Range of terms and definitions

– Information literacies

– Digital literacies

– Digital competences

– E-skills

Digital literacies = Tool knowledge + Critical thinking + Social engagement (Fraser)

www.guardian.co.uk/higher-education-network/blog/2012/may/15/digital-literacy-in-universities

Digital literacies: definition

• Set of social practices and meaning making of digital tools (Lankshear and Knobel, 2008)

• Continuum from instrumental skills to productive competence and efficiency

http://ftp.jrc.es/EURdoc/JRC67075_TN.pdf

IPTS report

• Confident/critical use of technologies for work, leisure and communication

• Digital divide

• The network is key

• More participatory and open practices

Benefits

• Social

• Health

• Economic

• Civic

• Cultural

• Societal

http://www.flickr.com/photos/mediaquell/4329902002/

Issues

• Personal safety and privacy

• Responsible, ethical, and legal issues

• Understanding digital media

• Inequalities and the digital divide

http://www.flickr.com/photos/29233640@N07/3668208527/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/r8r/4109502436/

Play

Performance

Simulation

Appropriation

Multitasking

Distributed cognition

Collective intelligence

Judgement

Transmedia

navigation

Networking

Negotiation

Jenkins et al., 2006

Digital literacies Creativity

Transmedia navigation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eW3gMGqcZQc

Distributed cognition

Salamon, 1993

Tools and people

Across networks

Networked

Filtering

Personalised

Aggregation

Play

http://www2.le.ac.uk/projects/swift/

Collective intelligence

http://www.ispot.org.uk/

Performance

• Digital identity

• Degree of openness

• Communication and collaboration

Citation indicators

• Exploiting the digital network

• New forms of dissemination and communication

• Promoting reflective practice

• Embracing the affordances of new technologies

Digital scholarship

Weller: http://nogoodreason.typepad.co.uk/

Creativity

• Derived from Latin ‘creo’ to create/make

• Creating something new (physical artefact or concept) that is novel and valuable

• Ability to transcend traditional ideas, rules, partners, relationships and create meaningful new ideas, forms, methods, interpretations

http://www.flickr.com/photos/vaxzine/2278300537/

Why is it important?

• Essential skill to deal with today’s complex, fast and changing society

• Discourse and collaboration are mediated through a range of social and participatory media

Stages

• Preparation: identifying the problem

• Incubation: internalising

• the problem

• Intimation: getting a feeling for a solution

• Illumination: creativity burst forth

• Verification: idea is consciously verified, elaborated and applied

http://www.flickr.com/photos/williamcromar/5230835657/

Technologies

• Can promote creativity in new and innovative ways

• Enable new forms of discourse, collaboration and cooperation

• Access and repurpose knowledge in different forms of representation

• Aggregation and scale – distributed and collective

Pedagogical approaches

Drill & practice learning

Mobile learning

Situated learning

Immersive learning

Drill and practice learning

Drill and practice learning

Study calendars E-books Learning resources Online modules Annotation tools Mind mapping tools Communication mechanisms

Mobile learning

Situated learning

Archeological digs Medical wards Art exhibitions Cyber-law Virtual language exchange Beyond formal schooling http://www.jibbigo.com/

Immersive learning

Augmented Reality Games (ARGs)

• Began with a code 91211

• Twitter hash tag

• Mysterious character Rufus

• Series of clues – real and virtual

• Video screen in Manchester spontaneously playing students’ videos Helen Keegan

ARG Game Montage: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qj9AGxYPD0A

The NMC Perspective Series: Ideas that Matter - Helen Keegan: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qESNQMDupfY

Resources Learning pathways

Support Accreditation

Disaggregation of education

http://www.flickr.com/photos/emclibrary/2459359483/

Resources

• Over ten years of the Open Educational Resource (OER) movement

• Hundreds of OER repositories worldwide

• Presence on iTunesU

The OPAL metromap

http://www.oer-quality.org/

Evaluation shows lack of uptake by teachers and learners Shift from development to community building and articulation of OER practice

The OPAL metromap

http://www.oer-quality.org/

POERUP outputs

• An inventory of more than 100 OER initiatives http://poerup.referata.com/wiki/Countries_with_OER_initiatives

• 11 country reports and 13 mini-reports http://poerup.referata.com/wiki/Countries

• 7 in-depth case studies

• 3 EU-wide policy papers

Massive Open Online Courses

http://www.technologyreview.com/news/506326/the-technology-of-massive-open-online-courses/

http://www.olds.ac.uk/

Massive Open Online Courses

Learning pathways

• Guided pathways through materials

• Can promote different pedagogical approaches

http://sociallearn.open.ac.uk

Support

• Computer assisted

• Peer support

• Tutor support

• Community support

• Mentoring

http://www.flickr.com/photos/24289877@N02/5851058394/

Accreditation

www.p2pu.org/en/

Peer to Peer University

wikieducator.org/OER_university/

OER University

Promise and reality

Social and participatory media offer new ways to communicate and collaborate

Wealth of free resources and tools

Not fully exploited

Replicating bad pedagogy

Lack of time and skills

Learning Design

Shift from belief-based, implicit

approaches to design-based, explicit

approaches

Encourages reflective, scholarly practices

Promotes sharing and discussion

Learning Design A design-based approach to

creation and support of courses

Consolidate Evaluate and embed your design

Conceptualise What do we want to design, who

for and why?

Capture Resource audit

Create Storyboard,

activities, content, artefacts, pathways

Communicate Synchronously and

asynchronously

Collaborate Improve the design

with others

Consider Reflect, pilot,

enhance

http://beyonddistance.wordpress.com/2012/02/07/carpe-diem-the-7cs-of-design-and-delivery/

Carpe Diem: 7Cs of learning Design

Changing practices

• Nature of learning, teaching and research is changing

• It’s about

– Harnessing new media

– Adopting open practices

• New business models are emerging

The future of learning

• Changing nature of education

• New forms of communication and collaboration

• Rich multimedia representation

• Harnessing the global network

Implications

• Blurring boundaries

• New business models

• More open practices

• Changing roles

• Importance of new digital literacy skills

• Disruptive and complex

http://www.slideshare.net/GrainneConole

http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/beyond-distance-research-alliance

grainne.conole@le.ac.uk

http://e4innovation.com