Grid-integrated Charging with ISO 15118

Advanced Grid: Integration and Testing DER with Communications ESNA, San Diego, 2016-10-05 Stephan Voit, svoit@kngrid.com

© 2016 KnGrid 10/6/16 PAGE 2

Agenda

>  How to do grid integrated charging: Philosophy of ISO 15118

>  ISO 15118 and Backend IT protocols

>  ISO 15118 and IEC 61850

>  Learnings from European project PlanGridEV

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Design principles of ISO 15118

>  Have a unique standard, which is accepted worldwide

>  Make charging for the customer as easy as possible

>  Respect requirements from EV drivers, energy production (e.g. renewables), and grid

>  Be open for future enhancements

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Philosophy of ISO 15118

>  Use Control Pilot (CP) and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) of SAE J1772 (similar to IEC 61851-1 ) for “safety”

>  Support of several services

>  Authentication: “External Identification Means” (EIM) and “Plug ‘nd Charge” (PnC)

> Handling of digital certificates and electronic signatures

>  Charging AC (Alternating Current) and DC (Direct Current)

> Respecting customer requirements

> Allows respecting of availability of capacity and power at (distribution) grid

> Allows respecting of price tables from energy (re)seller

>  (Re)negotiation of a charge profile with new parameters

>  Value Added Services

>  Respect security and privacy

>  Provide enough bandwidth by using PLC technology based on HomePlug GreenPHY

>  EV acts as a client, EVSE acts as a server

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Future development of ISO 15118 Second Edition

>  Correction / enhancement of misunderstood or unprecise definitions

>  Integration of wireless communication

>  Integrate a first solution for Reverse Power Transfer (energy feedback)

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ISO 15118 and Backend IT protocols

>  Communication with Secondary Actors (SA) is not defined within ISO 15118

> Several data structures are defined for data exchange with SA

>  EU funded project Green eMotion started the discussion on how to bring together the best of existing backend IT protocols

>  At the time common understanding is to start standardization at OASIS, then hand it over to IEC

PROOF/ÉPREUVE

ISO/IEC 15118-1:2013(E)

6 Actors

6.1 General

Figure 1 — Overview with examples of participating actors in the overall scenario

Figure 1 shows all primary and secondary actors as well as their trigger functions that may be involved directly or indirectly in the charging procedure of ISO/IEC 15118. The use case element descriptions in clause 7 will incorporate, where applicable, those actors and functions.Primary actors are directly involved in the charging process. The information flow between EVCC and the SECC shall be specified according to all layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model in accordance with ISO 7498.

The vehicle user (USER) plays an important role in the full context of charging EVs using the charging infrastructure. For implementing EVSE’s it is crucial to understand this role and the interactions between the charging system and the vehicle USER. However, this standard is not intended to establish requirements relative to USER behaviour. Whenever the term ‘USER’ is used in this standard as the subject of a requirement this is rather meant to provide guidance for the implementer of the standard how a USER can behave and how a user should be guided by any means than defining the exact behaviour of the USER.Although this standard does not specify the protocol between the primary actors and a secondary actor, there are messages defined in ISO/IEC 15118-2, which include elements to exchange data between these actors.

NOTE 1 Secondary actors may be involved in the charging process due to supplying information to the EVCC needed for the charging process. Depending on the use case element, they may be involved but a specific relation is not described in ISO/IEC 15118. Due to country-specific characteristics, the supply of information to the SECC may be done by centralised actors such as financial and demand clearing house and meter operator, or directly by secondary actors i.e. Electricity Provider or distribution system operator.NOTE 2 Not all primary actors are necessarily located within the EVSE.

14 © ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved

Source: ISO 15118-1; Figure 1 — Overview with examples of participating actors in the overall scenario

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ISO 15118 and IEC 61850

>  IEC 61850-90-8 TR Ed.1.0:2015 “Communication networks and systems for power utility automation - Part 90-8: Object model for electric mobility”

>  Object model was essential influenced by ISO/IEC 15118 Joint Working Group

IEC DTR 61850-90-8 © IEC 2015 21

3.1 E-Mobility actors and their roles 288

The E-Mobility domain involves a multitude of new stakeholders for charging EVs. The diagram in 289

Figure 4 provides an overview on the generic role model for actors involved on both the EV side 290

(green elements) and the power system (blue elements). 291

292

Figure 4: Generic role model of relevant actors for smart charging EVs [CEN BT N987] 293

NOTE: The diagram may not be exhaustive with respect to real-world actors. 294

Each of the actors involved has a specific role in the context of this technical report. In a real-life 295

scenario more actors could be combined into one legal entity. E.g. the Charging Infrastructure 296

Operator and the E-Mobility Service Provider could be the same legal entity. 297

The role model considers both public and private charging scenarios. In the public scenario more 298

service providers could share a charging spot operated by a 3rd party. 299

All the actors are defined in clause 1.3.1. 300

Charging Infrastructure

Operator

E-Mobility Service Provider

E-Mobility Clearing House

Energy Supplier (Retailer) Grid

congestions

Electric Vehicle User Charging

needs

Roaming serviceoffer/request

Bilateral agreement

Driving and parkingneeds

Data exchange

Energy purchase

Relationship between Actors

Energy flow

New E-Mobility Actors

Power System Actors

Electric Vehicle Supply

Equipment

BuildingEnergy Management

System

Distribution System Operator

Electric Vehicle

Charging limits

Roaming serviceoffer/request

Energy purchase

Mobility service needs

Charging Station

Source (top): IEC 61850-90-8 TR Ed.1.0:2015; Figure 4: Generic role model of relevant actors for smart charging EVs

Source (left): IEC 61850-90-8 TR Ed.1.0:2015; Figure 6: IEC 61850 Logical Nodes overview, based on [IEEE VPPC2012]

26 IEC DTR 61850-90-8 © IEC 2015

Common information model for electric vehicles 341

The basic idea behind this technical report is to describe one information model in terms of IEC 342 61850 logical nodes, reflecting EVs plugged into supply equipments from the point of view of the 343 power grid. 344

This technical report does not define how the exact implementation should be made. However, 345 independent of the underlying hardware architecture as well as communication technologies / 346 protocols behind the data exchange, the different information models should be harmonized. 347

From a power grid point of view, the operations of AC and DC charging an EV are very similar. 348 Technically, the difference is in the placement of the charging equipment: on-board for AC charging, 349 off-board for DC charging. This has an influence on the communication requirements between the 350 EV and the charge spot which is already covered in [ISO 15118-2:2014]. The real difference is in 351 the services provided to the connected EV in terms of charging power. Typically, dedicated off-352 board DC charging equipments provide higher charging power rates. 353

However, from the grid’s point of view an EV connected to an AC or DC charging socket, basically 354 has the same need: Power is drawn from the grid connection point based upon requirements of the 355 connected EV. In that respect it provides the same basic information relevant for power grid 356 operations. Hence this technical report models AC and DC chargers using a very similar LN model 357 shown in Figure 6. 358

359

Figure 6: IEC 61850 Logical Nodes overview, based on [IEEE VPPC2012] 360

361

Elect ric VehicleDC Supply Equipment

Battery

Battery Mgmt. System (BMS)

AC/DCConverter

LogicalNodes

MMTR

Logical Node according to IEC 61850Newly defined Logical Nodes

DEEV: Electric Vehicle MMTR: Metering XSBI: Circuit Switch DSCH: SchedulesDESE: E-mobility Supply Equipment MMXU: Measurement Unit XCBR: Circuit Breaker ZSAR: Surge ArrestorDEAO: AC OutLet DEDO: DC Outlet

XCBR XSWI

ZSAR

ZCAB DEDO

DESE

DEEV

FSCH

FSCH

MMXU

Elect ric VehicleAC Supply Equipment

Battery Mgmt. System (BMS)

Communication Controller

MMTR XCBR XSWI

ZSAR

ZCAB DEAO

DESE

DEEV

FSCH

FSCH

MMXU

Comm. Controller

XFUS

AC/DCConverter

Battery

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Learnings from European project PlanGridEV [see http://www.plangridev.eu/project-output.html]

FP7 Call for proposal: Energy.2013.7.3.1

Project Consortium: 12 partners including 4 DSOs, renowned research institutions, universities and car manufacturers

Duration: June 2013 – February 2016

Project budget: Total 7.5 M€

Distribution Grid Planning and operational principals for EV mass roll-out while enabling DER integration

LV MV

?

?

How to derive grid planning rules for a changing environment?

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DEREV CSEVSE GO

Front.End0Communication Back.End0Communication

Services(related toPlanGridEV(scenarios

Other(services

Other0DER0andLoads

Jan 2013 Feb 2013 Mar 2013 Apr 2013

May 2013 Jun 2013 Jul 2013 Aug 2013

Sep 2013 Oct 2013 Nov 2013 Dec 2013

0

1

2

3

0

1

2

3

0

1

2

3

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

Clearness index

dens

ity

Type of Clearness sampled beta measured data

EV Charging Profiles Planning Tools

DER Models

PlanGridEV: New EV and DER models and tools have been used to analyze the future grid planning problem

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BACKUP

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EV Supply Equipment (Charge point) Electric Vehicle

Data Communication controls Charging Session for better Integration of renewable Energy

Example: Controlling charging session according to ISO 15118-2

Valid ID can be used for charging up to 22 kW; load & price table enclosed

Contactor closed; send start meter reading

Special wind offer: 4 AM to 6 AM, price minus 10%

Send stop meter reading; please sign meter reading

Cable connected, CP/PWM ok, ask for service available

I want to charge with costs, my authentication ID is “1234”

Lock connector; I will charge from 2 AM to 6 AM at 5 kW

Offer accepted: I will charge from 4 AM to 6 AM at 11 kW

I want to stop charging session; open contactor

Signing drawn energy, unlock cable, end of communication

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Backend System

Checking auth. ID, perhaps request at eRoaming platform

Calculation of charging profile; chosen price table

Capacity reservation, perhaps communication with Smart Grid

Capacity reservation, perhaps communication with Smart Grid

Provide charge data (Service Detail Record) for billing

Chose highest protocol version, send service list

Charging

Contactor opened

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ISO 15118 uses Pmax and Tariff Tables for easy Integration of EVs into Power Grid and Power Production Grid and Power Production Tariff Table

TariffStart [Seconds from now] 0 7.200 14.400 21.600 TariffPMax [Watt] 6.928 22.170 11.085 6.928 EPrice [relative, in %] 100% 70% 80% 100%

TariffPMax max. Amp per phase max. Watt

32 22.170 16 11.085 10 6.928

0 0 0 7.200 14.400 21.600 TariffStart

EPrice 100%

90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

0 7.200 14.400 21.600 TariffStart

TariffTableType Currency REL Tariff T1 EPriceUnit 1 (one percent) EPriceMuliplier 1

Source: According to Committee Draft ISO 15118-2

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Load Management according to ISO 15118 with a Smart fortwo ed 3 connected to an KnGrid Charge Spot

>  Charging power was restricted by cable, installation, feed-in and grid transmission capacity to max. 22 kW.

>  Electricity reseller offered a special price for this charging session at 50 % off, but between 10:30 and 11:00 AM normal price (100 %) had to be paid. During this period EV stopped charging.

EVSE offered charge profile

EV chosen charge profile