ev charging juha vesa 130416.pdf · intended charging modes for evs ... standards concerning ev,...
TRANSCRIPT
13.4.2016 1
EV charging
Juha Vesa
SESKO
Development Manager
How EVs are charged?
What are the most important international charging standards?
13.4.2016 2
– Short survey on standardization
• What is a standard?
• How they are prepared?
– Standards and legislation
– How EVs are charged?
– What are the most important international charging standards?
Content
13.4.2016 3
What is a standard? Formal definition of a standard in SFS-EN 45020: Document, established by consensus and
approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context.
Standards are developed and defined through a process of sharing knowledge and building
consensus among technical experts nominated by interested parties and other stakeholders -
including businesses, consumers and environmental groups, among others.
There are several different types of standards. Basically, standards include requirements and/or
recommendations in relation to products, systems, processes or services. Standards can also be a
way to describe a measurement or test method or to establish a common terminology within a
specific sector.
On the fast developing areas certain pre-standards are prepared quickly (IEC/PAS, IEC/TS, IEC/TR).
These will be implemented as a standards after couple of years (E.g. Led technology.
Standards
– set out requirements for a specific item, material, component, system or service
– describe in detail a particular method or procedure
– facilitate international trade by ensuring compatibility and interoperability of
components, products and services
– bring benefits to businesses and consumers in terms of reducing costs, enhancing
performance and improving safety.
4
Standardization organization
Global
Europe
Finland
General Electrotechnology Communication
IEC = International Electrotechnical Commission
CENELEC = European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
13.4.2016
ISO
CEN
ITU
ETSI
TC 22/SC 21 23H, 64, 69, 121B etc.
23H, 64, 69X etc.
SK 23, SK 64, SK 69
TC 301
13.4.2016 5
Different electrotechnical standards IEC-standards (Global)
– IEC, IEC/PAS, IEC/TS, CISPR, ISO/IEC Total 6200 pcs
– European (and national) standards are based on these.
EN-standards (European)
– Identical in all CENELEC members countries (SFS-EN, BSI-EN, SS-
EN jne.)
– Conflicting national standars are not allowed
– Can be harmonized with regard to directives
– 85 % of ENs are based on IEC-standards (EN 6xxxx) ja (EN 550xx),
rest are home-grown European standards (EN 50xxx) ja (EN 13xxxx)
(applications for railways, alarm systems, HBES)
HD-harmonization document (European)
– Can be adopted as national standards, conflicting national standards are
not allowed
– Energy cables, low-voltage installation
SFS-standards (Finnish)
– 95 % identical with EN-standards (SFS-EN xxxxx)
– Less than 10 % are in Finnish, rest are in English
– Homegrown standards: Revision of old national standards e.g. for
accessories of overhead lines, terminology or standards on areas where
no EN-standards exist (low-voltage installation, household plugs and
socket-outlet)
6
Preparation of IEC-, EN- and SFS-standards (parallel procedure)
WG/MT members
IEC CENELEC SESKO
Proposal stage (NP)
Maintenance
Committee stage (CD)
Enquiry stage (CDV)
IEC Publication
Parallel FDIS-
vote
EN Publication
Proposal or vote on NP-draft
National enquiry
Vote (IEC & CENELEC)
Comments on EN-draft
Vote (IEC & CENELEC)
National enquiry
SFS-EN-standard
Preparatory stage
M
A
I
N
T
E
N
A
N
C
E
C
Y
C
L
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Approval stage (FDIS)
BT:n ratification SESKOs Managing director
Parallel CDV-
vote
Comments from expert
groups
13.4.2016
UAP
UAP
Technical content is fixed !!!
SFS-standard is prepared in IEC !!!
Last stage to give comments !!!
13.4.2016 7
EU/national legislation and standards
1. Products
EU New Legislative Framework -directives (e.g.
LVD 2014/35/EU, EMC 2014/30/EU, ATEX
2014/34/EU) have to be implemented by all
countries.
Give only essential requirements on safety, health,
environment and consumer protection.
Refer to harmonized standards (EN) with regard to
detailed requirements.
Product complying with the EN-standard listed
under the directive, fulfills also requirements of
directive and of national legislation.
Harmonized standard gives the presumption of
conformity. The free movement of products is
ensured.
It is still on the voluntary basis to use EN-standards
and essential requirements of the directive can be
fulfilled also by some other way.
2. Installations
No EU-directives for electrical installations
and equipment.
National legislation is needed for electrical
installations in Finland.
These decrees (KTMp 1193/1999 ja
1194/1999) are ”like directives” and they
give a special status for national
standards concerning electrical
installations (new regulation 2016-04)
Finnish Safety Authority lists applicable
standards (Guide S-10)
– E.g. SFS 6000, SFS 6001, SFS-EN
50341, SFS-EN 60079-14
Standard is a voluntary document but the easiest way to declare compliance with requirements of
1. directives and national legislation (products) and 2. national legislation (installations).
13.4.2016 8
Intended charging modes for EVs – SFS-EN 61851-1
Mode 3 charging (Basic charging)
– AC supply from a dedicated EV socket-outlet or
connetor
– 1-, 2- or 3-phase charging with AC up to 3x63 A or
1x70 A
– Extended safety functionalities
• Continuous protective earth conductor
continuity checking
• No proper connection, no voltage
– Extended control possibilities (e.g. controlling the
charging current)
– Feeding back electricity from V2G
Mode 4 charging (Power charging)
– DC charging from an external charger
– Fixed charging cable in a charging station
– Enables flexible and controllable charging with a
theoratically max. power 120-170 kW
13.4.2016 9
Occasional charging and LEV charging
Mode 2 charging (slow charging) SFS-EN 61851-1
– 1-, 2 or 3-phase charging with AC up to 32 A
– Charging cable is equipped with an in-cable control box
(IC-CPD) which includes control and safety related
functionalities such as restriction of the charging current
– IC-CPD provides extended safety functionalities as
mode 3
Mode 1 charging (LEV charging, class II) IEC 61851-3
– An AC charging method from household socket-
outlets
– Supplying circuit shall be provided with an RCD
– Class II equipment
– Normally used for LEVs
13.4.2016 10
Wireless charging, battery swapping
Wireless charging
IEC 61980-1:2015 Electric vehicle wireless
power transfer systems (WPT) - Part 1:
General requirements
Draft IEC/TS 61980-2 Ed. 1.0 Part 2
Communication between EV and
infrastructure with respect to wireless power
transfer (WPT) systems, will be published
2017
Draft IEC/TS 61980-3 Ed. 1.0 Part 3 Specific
requirements for the magnetic field power
transfer systems, will be published 2017
Battery swapping
Draft IEC/TS 62840-1 Ed. 1.0 Electric
vehicle battery swap system. Part 1:
System description and general
requirements, will be published 2016
Draft IEC 62840-2 Ed. 1.0 Part 2:
Safety requirements, will be published
2016
13.4.2016 11
Safety standards for conductive charging
From charging point to EV
SFS-EN 61851-1 Safety requirements
SFS-EN 61851-21 On- and off-board charger EMC
SFS-EN 61851-23 DC-charging station
SFS-EN 61851-24 Comm. between DC-charging station and EV
SFS-EN 62196-1 & -2 AC plug, socket-outlet, connector, inlet
SFS-EN 62196-1 & -3 DC and AC/DC connector, inlet
prEN 50620 Charging cable
From grid to charging point
SFS 6000-7-722 Supply of charging station (fixed installation)
SFS 6000-8-813 Selection of socket-outlets etc.
IEC/TS 61439-7 Charging post (enclosures etc.)
SFS-EN 61000-6-2 & -3 EMC, immunity and emission
SFS-EN 61140 Protection against electric shock
SFS-EN 61508 Functional safety
13.4.2016 12
Standards concerning EV, communication and security
Communication & Security
ISO/IEC 15118 -sarja V2G Communication
SFS-EN 61850-7-420 DER logical nodes
ISO/IEC 15408 –series Security technics
ISO/IEC 27001-1 Security technics
Safety of EV
ISO 6469, ISO 17409
Battery cells and packs
SFS-EN 62660-1, -2
ISO 12405-1, -2, -3
EMC of EV (general)
ISO 7637, 11451, 11452
13.4.2016 13
Requirements of charging system (SFS-EN 61851-1)
– Scope
– Normative references
– Terms and definitions
– General requirements
– Classification
– Charging modes and functions
– Communications
– Protection against electric shock
– Conductive electrical interface
requirements
– Requirements for adaptors
– Cable assembly requirements
– EV supply equipment constructional
requirements and tests
– Overload and short-circuit protection
– Automatic reclosing of protective devices
– Emergency switching or disconnect
(optional)
– Marking and instructions
– Annexes (e.g. control pilot function, current
coding, charging circuit diagrams)
Degrees of protection against access to hazardous live parts
Stored energy
Disconnection of plug connected EVSE
Loss of supply voltage to permanently connected EVSE
Fault protection
Protective conductor
Residual current protective devices
Safety requirements for signalling circuits between the EVSE and
the EV
Isolating transformers
Mechanical switching devices (Switch, Contactor, CB,
Relay, etc.)
Clearances and creepage distances & IP classes
Touch current
Dielectric withstand voltage & Insulation resistance
Temperature rise
Damp heat functional test
Minimum temperature functional test
Mechanical Strength
13.4.2016 14
– Scope
– Normative references
– Terms and definitions
– Conductor arrangement and system earthing
– Division of installation (a dedicated circuit for electric vehicles)
– Protection for safety (protection against electric shock)
– Measures against electromagnetic influences
– Requirements for wireless charging
– Selection and erection of electrical equipment
– Operational conditions and external influences (water, foreign objects, impacts)
– Isolation, switching and control
– Devices for protection against indirect contact by automatic disconnection of supply (RCD)
– Devices for protection against overcurrent
– Co-ordination of various protective devices
– Protective conductors
– Socket-outlets and vehicle connectors
– Low voltage generating sets (charging EV from battery banks, feeding back electricity from
electric vehicles into installation)
Modified or new requirements in italics when compared to SFS 6000-7-722:2012
Requirements of supplies for electric vehicles (SFS 6000-7-722:201x)
13.4.2016
15
Accessories for EV charging
Type 1 Type 2
max. 3 x 63 A, 480 V AC
European solution in public
charging points according to
AFI-directive (2014/94/EU)
Mode 3 charging (basic sharging) – SFS-EN 62196-2
CHAdeMO
CCS 2 (Combo 2)
200 A, 1000 V DC
Mode 4 charging (power charging) – SFS-EN 62196-3
13.4.2016 16
AFID (2014/94/EU) On the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure
Up to 22 kW
Above 22 kW
13.4.2016 17
Multi-standard charger solution CHAdeMO
CCS
AC
Source: ABB
13.4.2016 18
Requested work programme related to AFID (M/533)
European standards (ENs) on electricity supply Publication to
be availlable
Technical specifications with a single solution for wireless
recharging for passenger cars and light duty vehicles
interoperable with the specification contained in IEC/TS 61980-3
Ed. 1.0 or its later edition
31.12.2019
Technical specifications with a single solution for battery
swapping for electric vehicles
31.12.2022
Technical specifications with a single solution for electric bus
supply connectors and socket outlet. If feasible, this technical
interoperable solution should be based on the standard
developed for electric passenger cars and light duty vehicles
31.12.2019
Technical specifications with a single solution for electric bus
wireless recharging
31.12.2018
Specifications as a recommended interoperable solution for AC
normal recharging points for L-category motor vehicles
31.12.2016
Type 1
Type 2
13.4.2016 19
New applications challenge old solutions and standards
SFS 5610 ”Household plugs and socket-outlets”
– Temperature rise test 22 A, 1h
– Max. mass 0,5 kg
SO in EV charging
– 10 – 16 A , 8 - 10 h
– Mass > 0,5 kg
SFS-EN 62196-2 ”EV plugs and socket-outlets”
– Max. 63 A
– Durable construction
Charging current shall be limited to
a lower level!!!
13.4.2016 20
High load profile (HLP) plug and socket-outlet (Draft)
IEC 60884-1 ”Normal profile” plug
– Temperature rise test 22 A, 1 h
– ΔT = 45 K
– Mass 0,5 kg
IEC 60884-1 ”High load profile plugs”
– Under preparation
– Crimp connections
– Solid pins
– 16 A/2,5 mm2
– Temperature rise test 26 A, 5 h +1 h, min. 125 cycles
– ΔT = 35 K
0,5 million socket-outlets for car
heaters...
13.4.2016 21
Installation (SK 64), control and switchgear box (SK 121B ) ja connectors (SK 23)
IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (1)
Number Title
SFS 6000-7-722 Low-voltage electrical installations. Part 7-722: Requirements for special installations
or locations. Supply of Electric vehicle (will be revised 2017)
SFS 6000-8-813 Part 8-813: Supplementary requirements. Selection and erection of plugs and socket
outlets
IEC 61439-7 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 7: Assemblies for specific
installations at public sites such as marinas, camping sites, market squares and similar
applications and for charging stations for Electrical Vehicles, will be published 2017
SFS-EN 62196-1 Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets - Conductive charging of
electric vehicles - Part 1: General requirements
SFS-EN 62196-2 Part 2: Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements for a.c. pin and
contact-tube accessories
SFS-EN 62196-3
Part 3: Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements for dedicated d.c.
and combined a.c./d.c. pin and contact-tube vehicle couplers
IEC/TS 62196-4 Part 4: Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements for a.c., d.c. and
a.c./ d.c. vehicle couplers for Class II or Class III light electric vehicles (LEV)
Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published
13.4.2016 22
Charging systems (SK 69)
IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (2)
Number Title
SFS-EN 61851-1 Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 1: General requirements
(3rd Ed. will be published 2016)
IEC 61851-21-1 Part 21-1: Electric vehicle onboard charger EMC requirements for conductive
connection to a.c./d.c. supply, will be published 2016
IEC 61851-21-2 Part 21-2: EMC requirements for OFF board charging systems, will be published 2017
SFS-EN 61851-23 Part 23: D.C electric vehicle charging station
Draft 61851-23-1 Part 23-1: DC Charging with an automatic connection system (Finland active!!!)
SFS-EN 61851-24 Part 24: Control communication protocol between off-board d.c. charger and EV
SFS-EN 61980-1 EV wireless power transfer systems (WPT) - Part 1: General requirements
IEC/TS 61980-2 Part 2: Communication between EV and infrastructure with respect to (WPT) systems
IEC/TS 61980-3 Part 3 specific requirements for the magnetic field power transfer systems.
IEC/TS 62840-1 Electric vehicle battery exchange infrastructure safety requirements
IEC 62840-2 Part 2: Safety requirements
Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published
13.4.2016 23
Charging systems – Light electric vehicles (Class II) (SK 69)
IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (3)
Number Title
IEC/TS 61851-3-1 Electric Vehicles conductive power supply system - Part 3-1: General Requirements
for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) AC and DC conductive power supply systems
IEC/TS 61851-3-2 Part 3-2: Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) DC off-board conductive
power supply systems
IEC/TS 61851-3-3
Part 3-3: Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) battery swap systems
IEC/TS 61851-3-4 Part 3-4: Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) communication
IEC/TS 61851-3-5 Part 3-5: Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles communication - Pre-defined
communication parameters
IEC/TS 61851-3-6 Part 3-6, Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles communication - Voltage converter
unit
IEC/TS 61851-3-7 Part 3-7, Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles communication - Battery system
Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published
13.4.2016 24
Communication V2G
IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (4)
Number Title
ISO 15118-1 Road vehicles - Vehicle to grid communication interface - Part 1: General information
and use-case definition
ISO 15118-2 Part 2: Technical protocol description and Open Systems Interconnections (OSI) layer
requirements
ISO 15118-3 Part 3: Physical and data link layer requirements
ISO 15118-4 Part 4: Network and application protocol conformance test
ISO 15118-5 Part 5: Physical and data link layer conformance tests
ISO 15118-6 Part 6: General information and use-case definition for wireless communication
ISO 15118-7 Part 7: Network and application protocol requirements for wireless communication
ISO 15118-8 Part 8: Physical layer and data link layer requirements for wireless communication
Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published
13.4.2016 25
Data model, security
IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (5)
Number Title
SFS-EN 61850-7-420 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation - Part 7-420:
Basic communication structure - Distributed energy resources logical nodes
IEC/TR 61850-90-8 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation - Part 90-8: IEC
61850 object models for electric mobility
ISO/IEC 15408-1 Information technology -- Security techniques -- Evaluation criteria for IT security --
Part 1: Introduction and general model
ISO/IEC 15408-2 Part 2: Security functional components
ISO/IEC 15408-3 Part 3: Security assurance components
ISO/IEC 27001-1 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management
systems – Requirements
Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published
13.4.2016 26
Charging cable (SK 20) and mode 2 control box (IEC SC 23E)
IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (6)
Number Title
prEN 50620 Cables for electric vehicles
SFS-EN 62752 In-Cable Control and Protective Device for mode 2 charging of electric road vehicles
(IC-CPD)
Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published
13.4.2016 27
Horizontal standards
IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (7)
Number Title
SFS-EN 61000-6-2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-2: Generic standards - Immunity for
industrial environments
SFS-EN 61000-6-3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-3: Generic standards - Emission
standard for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments
SFS-EN 61140 Protection against electric shock - Common aspects for installation and equipment
SFS-EN 61508
Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related
systems
Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published
13.4.2016 28
World is changing – Future trends concerning EVs
– Safety is still a key issue
• Car (dangerous voltages < 400 V vs. 12 V/24 V
during normal use, maintenance, accidents)
• Charging system (dangerous voltages and
currents < 1000 V/200 A (or even 350 A))
– Electronics is increasing, emissions are
increasing (2-150 kHz)
– Smart charging is needed
– The importance of renewable energy source is
increasing (solar, water, wind, marine energy)
– Electric vehicle will be an energy storage
– Data security and privacy (Cyber security) will be more important
– In addition to product standards, system standardization is increasing (IoT,
digitalization, Smart Grid). Interoperability is a challenge.
– Nordic climate will be a challenge in future, too
– Electric vehicle will be a part of a network
13.4.2016 29
Charging of EVs - Aspects to be taken into consideration – http://www.sesko.fi/standardit/standardoinnin_aihealueita/sahkoautot_ja_latausjarjestelmat/lataussuositus_2014
National recommendation 2014 (2nd Ed.) (SK 69)
Content
- Charging modes and their characteristics
- Designing of a charging network
- Requirements of charging circuits
- Maintenance and surveillance of charging
circuits and charging points
- Characteristics of charging cables
- Consumer information
13.4.2016 30
Buy standards
– Sales(at)sfs.fi
Further information concerning electrotechnical standardization
Websites
– www.sesko.fi
– www.iec.ch
– www.cenelec.eu
– www.sfs.fi
– www.sfsedu.fi
Participation to standardization
– SESKO’s IEC/CLC mirror committees (SK)
– SESKO’s IEC/CLC follow-up groups (SR)
More information
– juha.vesa(at)sesko.fi
Standards related enquiries
– SESKO office
– Tel: (09) 696 3970,
– Email: asiakaspalvelu(at)sesko.fi