Grid Compliance and Wind turbines in weak and

Island grids

–

Søren Jes PlagborgVestas – Northern Europe

February 2006

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• Information contained in the following expresses general views and shall not be construed as an expression of the policies or views of Vestas.

• Information contained in the following shall not be construed as detailed description of the properties or functioning of wind turbines manufactured by Vestas.

• Information contained in the following should merely be viewed as a contribution to the debate on the development of grid code requirements and the utilization of the potential of wind turbines in securing grid stability.

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Content

Introduction• Why??• History• Content

Technical Requirements• Power• Voltage• SCADA

Example of Grid code

Trends• Turbine / Scada

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[AESO]Canada

Wind Power Facility- Technical Requirements (Draft proposal)

23.08.2004

[CER]Ireland

Wind farm Transmission Grid Code Provisions- A Direction by the Commission for Energy Regulation

1.07.2004

[Eltra]Denmark

Vindmølleparker tilsluttet net med spændinger over 100 kV(Draft version)

16.09.2004

[E.ON] NetzGermany

Netzanschlussregeln- Hoch- und Höchstspannung

1.08.2003

[ESB] National GridIreland

Wind Code Changes- Distribution Code Modification Proposal Form

18.08.2004

[FGW]Germany

Technische Richtlinien für Windenergieanlagen- Teil 4 Bestimmung der Netzanschlussgrößen (Fördergesellschaft Windenergie e.V.)

1.9.2003

[NECA] Australia

National Electricity Code- Version 1.0 Amendment 8.6

May 2002

[Vattenfall] Europe Germany

Netzanschluss- und Netznutzungsregeln der Vattenfall Europe Transmission GmbH

1.01.2004

[VDN]Germany

TransmissionCode 2003- Netz- und Systemregeln der deutschen Übertragungsnetzbetreiber

Aug. 2003

[VDN]Germany

Verhalten von EEG-Erzeugungsanlagen bei Störungen im Netz 29.06.2004

[Vestas] Contributions from Grid Compliance Seminar in Billund 17-19. Aug. 2004

Aug. 2004

[Vestas, Chen] Guide of Grid ConnectionPower Quality Assessment of Vestas Wind Turbines

21.11.2002

[Western Power] Australia

Technical CodeVersion 1

31.3.1997

Current listing of new Wind Grid codes

Where ?

Everywhere

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Why New ’Wind’ Grid codes??

• At national level. -no longer a minor energy source.

• The national grid stability will become dependant on Wind.

• Several regions throughout Europe are now exporting wind power to the transmission grid 60- 130 kV

• Unforseen trip of a >50 MW sized windfarm can significantly affect the balance on the transmission level (60-130 kV).

V82-1.65 MW,

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Why new grid codes??Wind in Denmark- Jutland January 2003

0,00

500,00

1.000,00

1.500,00

2.000,00

2.500,00

3.000,00

3.500,00

4.000,00

12-30-02 0:00 1-4-03 0:00 1-9-03 0:00 1-14-03 0:00 1-19-03 0:00 1-24-03 0:00 1-29-03 0:00 2-3-03 0:00

Time

MW Consumption

Wind production

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What does it say..?

• Some variations throughout the world.

• However, the main focus areas are….:

• Active power control • Reactive power control• Frequency control• Voltage fluctuations• Voltage - fault ride through• Extensive increase in

SCADA interface / demands

• Turbine Modelling data - PSS/E

• Flicker and Harmonic data / Power Quality data sheet

V80-2.0 MW,

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A Solution for Farm control : VestasOnline -SCADA System

Pavail

Pref

Pavail

Pref

Active power control

Gradient power control

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An example of Grid Code Requirements

Active Power Control

• Ramp up function • MW Curtailment set-point

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An Example of Grid Code Requirements

Reactive Power Control

Increased Power factor range at interconnection point:

V90-3,0 MW reactive capability chart

-2000

-1500

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

kW

kVA

r

Cosphi 0,2 limit

Cosphi 0,2 limit

Cosphi 0,98

Cosphi 0,96

750 kVAr star limit

750 kVAr star limit

1500 kVAr delta limit

1500 kVAr delta limit

3061 kVA limit

3125 kVA limit

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An Example of Grid Code RequirementsVoltage Control

e to 0.95 capacitiveat rated wind farm output at PCC(Point of Common Connection)

30000

31000

32000

33000

34000

35000

36000

-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

Volt kVAr

2005-10-04 08:00 2005-10-05 08:00

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Why Fault Ride Through..??

• Because it is expected from a primary energy source

-like Wind, Oil and Gas

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Fault Ride Through -some examples…

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An Example of Grid Code Requirements

Voltage disturbance

Voltage / Fault ride through Capabilities

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Challenging Scope of Supply

Wind Farm –

TurbinesUtility NetworkSub-

Station

-A few years ago…!-Today!

The New Grid Codes causes the need of solutions at the Sub Station and results in new challenges for defining ”Scope of Supply”

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Trends…

Static cap. banks

Dynamic Compensation module

WTG No. 1…9 WTG No. 10…18 WTG No. 19…27 WTG No. 28…35

G G G G G G G G

Sub station Switchgear

Step-Up Transformers66/22 kV

Substation

RCM /

Dynamic Compensation unit, SVC/STATCOM

Project specific, commercial/competitive edge

Critical for performance / compliance with grid codes

PCC

Block controller

To Interconnection

Remote dispatch center

Electrical infrastructure

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-Summary…

• Current Trends = Tomorrows requirements

• SCADA is a required and vital part of the total solution.

• Extensive increase of control features between Wind Farm and the Electrical Utility SCADA Systems

• Cost issue: small projects versus large projects – turbine capabilities versus substation solutions

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Wind, Oil and Gas

V66-1.75 MW