greenjobs presentation tucp workshop

7/31/2019 GreenJobs Presentation TUCP Workshop

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Understanding Green Jobs,

Climate Change

and Decent Work


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Dual challenge

1. Environment:

Averting dangerous climate change and Protecting life-support on earth

2. Social challenge:

the prospect of well-being and dignity for all in theface of rapid population growth worldwide and thecurrent exclusion of over a billion people from

economic and social development


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The dual challenge in numbers

Climate-related disasters: 262 million people affected annuallyover the period 2000-2004

Water shortages: 1.8 billion expected to suffer from fresh waterscarcity by 2025, mostly in Asia and Africa

Displacement by flooding: 330 million people increasinglyexposed to flooding in coastal areas,

Food shortages and malnutrition: currently affect 180 millionpeople and threaten to affect 600 million people by 2080

Working poor: 1.3 billion in the world with earnings too low to liftthem and their dependants above the poverty threshold of $2 per

day (more than 43 per cent of the global workforce) Unemployed: 190 million globally

Young job seekers: over 500 million additional job-seekers overthe next 10 years

Insecurity: 5.3 billion people without access to any social securitycoverage


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Current Human Development Index vs. Ecological Impacts


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Global GDP more than

doubled between 1981 2005.

But 60% of worlds

ecosystemsdegraded/exploitedunsustainably (MEA,2005).


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Examples of Impacts brought about by global

average temperature changes


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Specialized agency ofthe UN

182 member States

40 field officesthroughout the world

Established to achieve peace and

social justice (1919)

Devoted to advancingopportunities for women and men

to obtain decent and productive

work in conditions of freedom,

equity, security and human

dignity

Placing employment at the heart

of development policy

The International Labour Organization


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Tripartism:

the essence of the ILO

ILOEmployers Workers

Governments


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Structure of the ILO

InternationalLabour

Conference

InternationalLabour

ConferenceGoverningBodyGoverningBody

InternationalLabour OfficeInternationalLabour Office

ILO

Member States(Tripartite constituents)

ILO

Member States(Tripartite constituents)


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Core Labour Standards

Freedom from DiscriminationFreedom from Discrimination

EqualEqual

Remuneration,Remuneration,

19511951

C. 100C. 100

DiscriminationDiscrimination

(Employment &(Employment &

Occupation), 1958Occupation), 1958

C. 111C. 111Freedom of AssociationFreedom of Association

Freedom ofFreedom ofAssociation,Association,

19481948

C. 87C. 87

Right toRight toCollectiveCollective

Bargaining,Bargaining, 4949

C. 98C. 98

Freedom from Forced LabourFreedom from Forced Labour

Forced Labour,Forced Labour,19301930

C. 29C. 29

Abolition ofAbolition ofForced Labour,Forced Labour,

19571957

C. 105C. 105

Minimum Age for EmploymentMinimum Age for Employment

Minimum AgeMinimum Agefor Employment,for Employment,

19731973

C. 138C. 138

Worst Forms ofWorst Forms ofChild Labour,Child Labour,

19991999

C. 182C. 182


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The ILOs Decent Work Agenda

Centered on the ILOs key strategic objectives

Employment The principal route out of poverty is work

Rights

People in poverty needrepresentation, participationand voice

Protection

Earning power is suppressedby marginalization and lack

of support systems Dialogue

The only way to solveproblems peacefully


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The two challenges are connectedClimate change /environmental

degradation:

Measures to addressvulnerability to Climate

Change (adaptation)

Policies to avoiddangerous climate

change (mitigation

Protectingenvironmental

resources

Employment and socialchallenges:

Changing employmentneeds eg. Green skills

Poverty andenvironmental

degradation

Population pressureson natural resources

Increasing energy use


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Responding to these challenges Responding to these challenges requires a far-

reaching transformation to the way we produce,

consume and earn a living

Green jobs will be a key element of this shift to asustainable, low-carbon economy

Economy Environment

Labor/social issues

GREEN JOBS


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Impact of the transformation to a

greener economy on sectorsExpansion of green sectors

Some sectors will decline Most sectors will evolve

Eg. Someindustriesthatcannotadapt

Eg.Manufacturing,construction,transport

Eg. Recycling,eco-tourism


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This global green industry is expected to

generate USD 3.1 Trillion in sales by 2020

Environmental technology - leading industry inthe 21st century, with lead markets comingfrom : Wind power, photo-voltaics, energyefficiency, material efficiency, sustainablemobility (e-vehicles), green industry (LOHAS

segment) Trends compendium Report, Berger, 2010

Global Market Trends


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Global Market Trends : Food Production

Sustainable forestry certification increased by 181 %(last 5 years), 9 per cent of global forested land in 2009

Certified sustainable coffee increased by 400% (last 5years). 8 per cent of global coffee exports

Sustainable tea production has grown by 5000% (last5 years). 7.7 per cent of global coffee exports

Sustainable banana sales have grown by 63 % (lasttwo years), 20 per cent of global exports in 2009

Sustainable cocoa sales increased by 248 % (last 5years), 1.2 per cent of global sales in 2008

UNCTAD, October 2010


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Global Market Trends:

Ecotourism, agro-ecotourism

early 1990s, the fastest growing sector of the tourismindustry, expanding globally between 20% and 34% per

year. In 2004, growing 3 times faster than the global tourismindustry as a whole (UNWTO)

could grow to 25% of the worlds travel market, by 2012

Large potential for job creation, youth employmentEcoTourism World Congress, Ventiane, 2009


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Green farming practiceshave increased yields,especially on small farms,between 79 and 180%.

10% increase in farm

yields -> 7% reductionin poverty in Africa,more than 5% in Asia

Enhancing natural capital = wealth creation

Approximately 2.6 billionpeople rely onagricultural production

systems for theirlivelihood (FAO 2009)

525 million smallfarms world wide, 404

million less than twohectares of land(Nagayets 2005)

Small farms cultivate

60% of arable land(Herren et al. 2010)

An increase in overall GDP coming fromagricultural labor productivityis on average2.5times more effectivein raising the incomes of the poorest quintile in developing countries

than an equivalent increase in GDP coming fromnon-agricultural labor productivity.


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Climate change impacts in enterprises

RISKS


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Climate change impacts in enterprises

OPPORTUNITIES


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GLOBAL

IMPACT

Population

(2.6B)

Resource

Use

Efficiency of

Production= x x

Traditionally, efficient production means maximumoutput at the least cost, and often at the expense ofa degraded environment.


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History of Environmental Approaches

policy of high smoke stacks,

hazardous waste discharge to open

sea

Filter, WWTP: development of

Environmental Technologies

Recycling of secondary materials,

reduction of waste volume,

resource efficiency, Green Dot

Integrated view of production

processes, integration of

technology and management

Re-designing of production

processes, products and markets

Principle of

Diffusion

End of Pipe

Technology

Closed LoopEconomy

Cleaner

Production

Eco-Efficiency

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

mid

1990s


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Division of Technology, Industry and Economics

No Management

Solid Waste DisposalEffluent Treatment

Waste Management

Conservation of WaterConservation of Energy

Waste Reduction

Env. Monitoring & Auditing

Env. Management System

Cleaner Production

Industrial Ecology

Steps towards sustainable industrial development


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Impact of the transformation to agreener economy on jobs

New jobs will be created Some jobs will be substituted

Some jobs will be eliminatedwithout direct replacement

Most jobs will be transformed

Eg.Manufacturing

of pollutioncontroldevices

Eg. Jobs lostwhenpackagingmaterialsbanned

Eg. Skills sets,work methods

and profiles oftrades becomemoreenvironmentallyfriendly

Eg. Shiftingfrom fossilfuels torenewables

JUST TRANSITION


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Greening measures in major segments of theeconomy undergoing transformation

Energy supply Integrated gasification/ carbon sequestration Co-generation (combined heat and power) Renewables (wind, solar, biofuels, geothermal, small-scale hydro); fuel cells

Transport More fuel-efficient vehicles, retrofit Hybrid-electric, electric, and fuel-cell vehicles Car-sharingManufacturing Pollution control (scrubbers and other tailpipe technologies) Energy and materials efficiency Clean production techniques (toxics avoidance) Cradle-to-cradle (closed-loop systems)Buildings

Lighting, energy-efficient appliances and office equipment

Solar heating and cooling, solar panels Retrofitting Green buildings (energy-efficient windows, insulation, building materials,

heating, ventilation and airconditioning)


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The ILOs aim to promotedecent work translates inthe adoption of a just

transition framework forthe construction of a fairer,greener and more

sustainable globalization.


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http://hqweb.unep.org/greeneconomy/

Industries that provide products

or services related to renewableenergy, increased energy efficiency,clean transportation and fuels,agriculture and natural resourceconservation, and pollutionprevention or environmentalcleanup.

One that results in improved humanwell-being and social equity, whilesignificantly reducing environmentalrisks and ecological scarcities..

.Low-carbon, resource efficientand socially inclusive (UNEP, 2011)


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Opportunity to find global solutions


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Green Jobs Initiative

Partners:

ILO, UNEP, ITUCand IOE

Green JobsReport

(September 2008)


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ILO Green Jobs Programme

Advisory services for member countries


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Green jobs is defined by the ILO/UNEP as:

employment created in economic sectors and activities,

which reduces their environmental impact and ultimatelybrings it down to levels that are sustainable

Green Jobs should also meet requirements of decent workadequate wages, safe conditions, workers rights, socialdialogue and social protection

Green Jobs


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GREEN

Activities that areenvironmentally sustainable

Low-carbon(mitigation)

Climate resilient(adaptation)

Environmentally-

friendly (minimizingwaste and pollution,protectingbiodiversity)

What are green jobs?

JOBS

Decent work is defined bythe ILO as:

Opportunities for womenand men to obtainproductive work inconditions of freedom,equity, security and humandignity

Green Jobs = Decent + Environmentally Sustainable


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Jobs that reduce environmental impact ofenterprises & economic activities such as -

- those that help to protect ecosystems & bio-

diversity- Jobs that reduce consumption of energy,materials, water, decarbonise economy

- minimize or avoid generation of waste

Idea of green jobs is not absolute, there are shadesof green


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Green & Decent Jobs link MDG 1 (poverty reduction)and MDG 7 (protecting the environment)

So, how do we promote Green & Decent Jobs in

different industry sectors?

Greening of industry comes not just from growingmore trees or investing in effluent treatment plants

or energy efficient production processes (importantas these are) BUT we also need to look at howbusiness conducts its business. What employment &working conditions need to be promoted for green &decent jobs?


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DECENT WORK

ENVIR

ONME

NT

E.S & Decent

Green Jobs

E.S, but notDecent

Neither ES nordecent

Decent but notE.S

Green Jobs A Journey towards Decent

Work and Environmental Sustainability


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Green Jobs are based on the two pillars ofDecent Work and Environmental Sustainability;

Green jobs pursue the goal of full employment,decent work for all and a low-carbon,environmentally friendly economy;

Green Jobs = Decent Work that contributes toEnvironmental Sustainability (ES)

Green Jobs are Decent Work

G J b d th S t i bl


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Green Jobs and the Sustainable

Development Agenda

GJ links environmental policies and economicpolicies to achieve inclusive growth in the context

of sustainable development

Engine of Growth

Employment &

Poverty reduction

Environment

SustainableDevelopment


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Engine of Growth Environment

Decent Work

The core ILS (8)

OHS standardsHRD/TVET

(ILC 2007 conclusions on

sustainable enterprises )

Labor/social issues

DECENT WORK INDICATORS


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DECENT WORK INDICATORS

Freedom of association and the effective recognition of the rightto collective bargaining

C87 Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right toOrganize Convention,1948; C98 Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining Convention,1949;

Elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labor C29 Forced Labour Convention 1930; C105 Aboliation of Forced Labour Convention, 1957

Effective abolition of child labor C138 Minimum Age Convention, 1973, C182 Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999

Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment andoccupation

C100 Equal remuneration Convention, 1951, C111 Discrimination (Employment and Occupation)Convention, 1958


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Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) and itsProtocol of 2002 and Recommendation (No. 164);

Chemical Convention, 1990 (No. 170) and Recommendation (No.177); Prevention of Major Industrial Accident Convention, 1993 (No. 174)and Recommendation (No. 181);

Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1985 (No. 161) andRecommendation (No. 171);

Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and HealthConvention, 2006 (No. 187) and Recommendation (No. 197); ILO Guideline on Occupational Safety and Health ManagementSystems (ILO-OSH 2001)

Occupational health and safety

standards

G St d d A h


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Organic Agriculture - SNI 01-6729-2002 (IndonesianNational Standards) on Organic Food System byNational Standardization Agency of Indonesia

Green Building and Construction - SNI 03-6759-2002(Indonesian National Standards) on Codes for

Energy conservation designation of buildings;Green Star (Australia)Green Finance Principles for Responsible Investment

(UN- PRI)Sustainable Fisheries Marine Stewardship Council

Fishery StandardsSustainable Forestry Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)Manufacturing and Industry (ISO) 14064 of Greenhouse

Gas Accounting and VerificationTourism Green Globe 21 Standard

Green Standards Approach

ShipShipShipShip breakingbreakingbreakingbreaking


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ShipShipShipShip----breakingbreakingbreakingbreaking

Over 100,000 workers inAsia, almost all untrainedand unprotected in anenvironmentally damaging

and hazardous industry.

RecyclingMillions of workers in Asia

involved in hazardous waste

recycling (e-waste, lead andother heavy metals, etc.) in the

informal sector.

Not Green Jobs !!For decent work & environment related reasons


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Environmentally

sustainable but not

providing decent work

Neither environmentally

sustainable nor providing

decent work

Decent work but not

environmentally

sustainable

Green jobs

Yes

Yes

No

No

DECENT WORK

ENVIRON

MENTALLYSUSTAINABLE

Type 1: BioBioBioBio----fuels,fuels,fuels,fuels,ships breakingships breakingships breakingships breaking

Type 2: WasteWasteWasteWastemanagement/management/management/management/recyclingrecyclingrecyclingrecycling

Type 3: Energy/nergy/nergy/nergy/resource efficiencyresource efficiencyresource efficiencyresource efficiencyin manufacturing &in manufacturing &in manufacturing &in manufacturing &serviceserviceserviceservicesectors/green skillssectors/green skillssectors/green skillssectors/green skills& competencies& competencies& competencies& competencies

Type 4: Expand intoExpand intoExpand intoExpand intonew green sectorsnew green sectorsnew green sectorsnew green sectors

Type 2: Tackling decent workdeficiencies

Type3:Improving

environmentalsu

stainability


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Working conditions (OSH)

Terms of employment (wages & contracts ofemployment) regularization of employmentrelations

Freedom of Association and Right to CollectiveBargaining

ILO relevance


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EmploymentEmploymentEmploymentEmployment

ServicesServicesServicesServices

The labour market shifts induced by the impact of climate

change and its related policies must be understood,

anticipated and accompanied. Employment services aim

to improve the functioning of the labor market.

SocialSocialSocialSocial

DialogueDialogueDialogueDialogue

Realizing the objectives ofclimate mitigation policies and

the opportunities will depend on the extensive use of theILO tool of social dialogue with industry and trade union.

SustainableSustainableSustainableSustainable

EnterpriseEnterpriseEnterpriseEnterprise

While these apply to all enterprises, adjusting to climate

change will require a particular focus on SMEs which are

likely to face significant information deficits relative tolarge firms, and also face financial constraints relative to

large firms. 2007 ILC on Sustainable Enterprise.

OccupationalOccupationalOccupationalOccupational

Safety andSafety andSafety andSafety andHealthHealthHealthHealth

Investments and employment promotion policies in green

sectors and greening sectors will require a focus onoccupational safety and health (ILO standards)


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DisasterDisasterDisasterDisaster

ManagementManagementManagementManagement

Capacity of intervention in the context ofclimate related

natural disasters, both prevention and reactivestrategies (CRISIS).

MigrationMigrationMigrationMigration Climate variability & climate change migration and

emigration

StandardsStandardsStandardsStandardsand Rightsand Rightsand Rightsand Rights

Ex: The climate change gender double deficit.

EmploymentEmploymentEmploymentEmployment

IntensiveIntensiveIntensiveIntensive

Env.t relatedEnv.t relatedEnv.t relatedEnv.t relatedProgramsProgramsProgramsPrograms

Government driven policies in employment intensive

infrastructure programs are important tool for adapting

to climate change (Adaptation+DW). ILO EIIP, nationalsuch as NREGA (India), Working for Water Program

(South Africa), Green Belt Movement (Kenya),

Retrofitting public program (Germany, US,), etc.

SocialSocialSocialSocialProtectionProtectionProtectionProtection Climate change will exacerbate the needs through,higher frequency of severe weather events (ex. South

East Asia) and the higher rate of job turnover

SkillsSkillsSkillsSkills Surging of new skills, transformation and expansion of

existing ones, such as in greening existing processes.


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Living Wage

Health Benefits for all employees

Pension Benefits

Paid Leave

Safe Working conditions

Family friendly working conditions

Opportunities for advancement

Entry level jobs accessible to with barriers to employment Meaningful work and job satisfaction

Local hiring practices

Job training linked to real jobs

Flexible work schedules Access to membership to workers organizations

ILO Initiatives in the Philippines: Green Jobs


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ILO Initiatives in the Philippines: Green JobsJust transition towards a low carbon, climate resilient, greener economy

N ti l li d f k


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New national policy and programme frameworks:

Successful interventions to mainstream Decent Work!

PhilippineDevelopment Plan

2011-2016

UNDAF2012-2018

Philippine Laborand EmploymentPlan 2011-2016

Philippine JobsPactDWCP


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www.ilo.org ILO CO-Manila

The Millennium Development Goals

Achieve full and

productive employmentand decent work for all,

including for women and

young people


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4 Outcomes

Universal

access toquality socialservices, withfocus on theMillennium

DevelopmentGoals

Decent andproductive

employmentfor sustainedand greener

growth

Democraticgovernance

Resilience todisasters and

climatechange

UNDAF

2012-2018

ILO actively participated in all the

UNDAF processes and leads twosub-outcomes under Outcome 2.

Enabling conditions for just transition


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Enabling conditions for just transition

Skills development & adaptation of the labourforce

Supporting the MSMEs

Adaptation of institutional & governanceframeworks, and the role of social actors

Analyzing OSH issues

On going discussions


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On going discussions.

Social policies to reconcile social goals with existingor proposed economic policies

Environmental economics - Getting prices right,including removing subsidies, valuing naturalresources, ecological tax reforms

Public procurement policies to promote greening of

business and markets Strategic investments in sustainable infrastructure,

R&D on environmental technologies

Target incentive programs, stimulus packages andpartnerships


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Green Jobs Resources:

Green Jobs Communities of Practice (COP) portal:

http://greenjobs-ap.ilobkk.org.th


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Thank you

Georginia Pascual

[email protected]

580-9940

09175004572

greenjobs presentation tucp workshop

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