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S P E C I A L A D V E R T I S I N G S E C T I O N

Trucks are the workhorses of our

economy. They move goods cross-

country or across town, transport

personnel during the workday, and

bring packages to our doors. Their

ubiquitous presence at such diverse

locations as construction sites,

major ports, and loading docks at

retail stores and supermarkets is a

reminder that they are inextricably

tied to our daily lives. Their effect,

both environmentally and economi-

cally, is profound.

Today, these trucks and the com-

panies that depend on them face

increasing economic, environmental,

and regulatory pressures. High fuel

costs take their toll on the bottom

line, making operating effi ciencies

paramount. Environmental perfor-

mance is a focus and a challenge.

Fleet operators, truck manufacturers,

and engine suppliers strive to bring

increasingly more sophisticated

products to the highway to meet

these challenges head on.

“Between fuel economy pressures

and environmental regulations, the

trucking industry is going through a

period of rapid change,” points out

John Boesel, president and CEO

of the advanced transportation

consortium WestStart-CALSTART,

based in Pasadena, Calif. “This is

a time of great opportunity for

those manufacturers and fleets

that are forward-looking and willing

to make use of the best that tech-

nology can offer.”

WITH CHANGE, OPPORTUNITY

WestStart-CALSTART, a non-profi t

organization, facilitates the com-

mercialization of technologies that

improve air quality and reduce

dependence on foreign oil. Its 115

member companies are among

the leaders in the commercial

trucking industry, and each has

its story. One of these stories is

being written by International Truck

and Engine Corp., which has been

developing clean-burning diesel

engines through years of extensive

research, laboratory testing, and

on-the-road demonstration.

In 2000, Warrenville (Ill.)-based

International brought its Green

Diesel Technology to market, a

three-level technology system that

cuts gaseous hydrocarbons and

particulate emissions by 99%,

to near-zero levels. Since

that time, the technology

has been used in buses in

California, with more than

100 currently on the road.

A year after its introduction,

California’s Air Resources Board

certifi ed the clean-air Green Diesel

Technology school bus for inclusion

in its program to retire older school

buses, qualifying Green Diesel

Technology school buses to share

in state funding for new bus pur-

chases by school districts.

“The fl exibility of Green Diesel

Technology provides International

the edge to design application-

specifi c solutions,” says Jack

Allen, president of International’s

engine group. “Very clean diesel

engines require the integration of

multiple technologies, which Green

Diesel Technology provides through

advanced air management, selected

fuel system applications, proprietary

combustion strategies, electronic

controls, and optimized after-treat-

ment solutions, benefi ting society’s

clean air goals and the performance

goals of business.”

“In 2007 and beyond, the impor-

tance of integration between truck

and engine design will be a competi-

tive advantage for International

and International’s customers,”

adds Dee Kapur, president of

International’s truck group. “Clean

air goals and outstanding vehicle

performance are best accomplished

with integrated vehicle systems that

deliver clean air and an outstanding

customer experience, like reduced

noise and vibration for the driver’s

environment, without sacrifi cing

diesel performance or effi ciency.”

SCRUBBING THE SULFUR

Like most efforts that are seeking

to provide cleaner and more effi -

cient diesel product, International’s

advanced diesel technology requires

ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel.

Though already available in some

areas of the country today, starting

in October 2006 the Environmental

Protection Agency will require most

diesel fuel intended for use on

America’s highways to have sulfur

levels that do not exceed 15 parts

per million, a move likened by some

to taking lead out of gasoline in the

1970s. This ULSD fuel enables the

DRIVING TRANSPORTATION TO BETTER EFFICIENCY AND PERFORMANCE

GREEN TRUCKS

Above: This International/Eaton diesel-electric hybrid truck is part of a national pilot program.

As seen in

Special Advertising Sections© Copyright 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

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use of advanced emis-

sions-control devices like

oxidation catalysts and

particulate traps, which work

well with ULSD but suffer

drastically reduced operating

lifetimes with high sulfur fuel.

“We look at it as the clean diesel

system really coming together,” says Allen

Schaeffer, executive director of the Diesel Technology

Forum, an industry organization based in Frederick,

Md. “The cleaner fuels, the advanced engines, and the

emissions control systems are three pieces being

optimized that, working together, really chart the course

for the next generation of clean diesel technology.”

Schaeffer adds that major milestones coming up

for heavy-duty highway commercial vehicles in 2007

should bring greater than a 98% reduction in emissions

of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter compared to

10 or 15 years ago, with an additional 90% reduction

between 2007 and 2010.

New EPA regulations do not affect the approximately

11 million engines in use today. Fortunately, the same

clean diesel technologies that will power the next

generation of on- and off-road diesel vehicles and equip-

ment can be applied to some older engines, reducing

emissions by up to 90%.

BEHOLD THE 21ST-CENTURY TRUCK

The 21st-Century Truck Program, inaugurated in 2000,

is a multi-agency and industry partnership aimed at

increasing fuel effi ciency, reducing emissions, enhancing

safety, reducing ownership and operating costs, and

maintaining or enhancing performance. Government

participants include the EPA, Department of Energy,

Department of Transportation, and Department of

Defense, which highlights common civilian and military

truck technology goals as well as the potential transfer

of military and civilian technologies.

A key element is the program’s “roadmap.” This

plan establishes technical targets and fuel effi ciency

goals, for 2010 and beyond, that seek to substantially

increase truck fuel economy while meeting prevailing

emission standards and also displacing petroleum fuels

by 5%. The program includes heavy-duty hybrids along

with its focus on diesel and renewable fuels.

UNITED IN A COMMON GOAL

An example of this focus on fuel effi ciency is provided

by International and Eaton Corp., which were recently

selected to manufacture diesel-electric hybrid trucks

for a national pilot program serving the utility industry.

The two companies are developing an integrated diesel-

hybrid powertrain that will be tested in at least 20

factory-built International utility trucks, using an Inter-

national DT 466 in-line six-cylinder diesel engine with

an Eaton hybrid-electric drivetrain. WestStart, which

operates its Hybrid Truck Users Forum, will be admin-

istering the pilot program with the support of the U.S.

Army’s National Automotive Center.

Bringing advanced hybrid-truck technology to

customers is also an area of focus at UQM Technolo-

gies Inc., in Frederick, Colo., a manufacturer of small,

lightweight, and efficient motors, generators, and

power electronic controllers. Applications range from

electrically intensive series hybrids, in which all power

to the wheels is provided by electric motors, to lower-

power parallel (mild) hybrids in which the engine and

electric motor both provide power to the wheels. UQM

systems are under evaluation in tractors, trucks, buses,

and on- and off-highway military vehicles such as the

U.S. military’s Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTVs),

plus manned and unmanned vehicle applications.

Left: Willie Nelson offers his own

brand of clean-burning

biodiesel.

S P E C I A L A D V E R T I S I N G S E C T I O N

GREEN TRUCKS

NBB_Ad2a.pdf 9/12/05 6:20:55 PM

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S P E C I A L A D V E R T I S I N G S E C T I O N

These advantages have attracted

customers ranging from Deere

& Co., Stewart & Stevenson, and

Eaton to the U.S. Army, Navy, Marine

Corps, and Air Force.

UQM Technologies is additionally

developing innovative ways to help

engine and vehicle manufacturers

meet 2010 diesel emission stan-

dards through improved auxiliary

systems that eliminate parasitic

loads on engines – an area of focus

of the 21st-Century Truck Roadmap.

By replacing belted, geared, and

hydraulic driven water pumps, oil

and fuel pumps, fan drives, and

air conditioning with electrically

driven units, electric auxiliaries can

operate as needed, independent of

any power supplied by the engine.

This approach provides increased

fuel effi ciency and reduced engine

load over conventional systems that

operate continuously when directly

connected to an engine.

IMAGINE THE POSSIBILITIES

Diesel fuel is the trucking industry’s

fuel of choice for many reasons,

primary among them its widespread

availability. However, there are

markets where alternative fuels

could become popular, especially

where fl eets always operate on the

same route and regularly refuel at

the same locations. Other possibili-

ties include dual-fuel vehicles that

can operate on an alternative fuel

when available and conventional

diesel fuel when it is not, or alterna-

GREEN TRUCKS

Below: The military is evaluating advanced hybrid truck technology for its FMTVs.

If you’d like to learn more about clean transportation technologies, visit our website at www.pge.com/cleanair or call 1-800-684-4648.

Pacific Gas and Electric Company is dedicated to

developing low-cost, clean air transportation technologies

for our business and yours. Since rolling out

our first natural gas truck in 1985, we’ve expanded our

fleet to include over 850 low-emission vehicles.

We’ve also formed partnerships with manufacturers,

government organizations, and private

companies, creating a nationwide network

of over 500 fl eets, operating thousands of

natural gas vehicles. Through continued

support of cost-effective technological advancements

and environmental education, we’re proving to our

customers and employees that clean air transportation

is not only good for the environment, it’s good for business.

ANOTHER WAY THE PEOPLE OF PG&E ARE DEDICATED TO ENERGY CONSERVATION.

We’re driving toward a cleaner future.

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S P E C I A L A D V E R T I S I N G S E C T I O N

tive fuels that can be seamlessly

substituted for diesel fuel.

Biodiesel falls into the latter cat-

egory. An alternative fuel that can

be made from any fat or vegetable

oil, typically domestically grown soy-

beans, biodiesel works in any diesel

engine with few or no modifi cations.

It can be used in pure form or blended

with petroleum diesel at any level,

the most popular fuel mixtures being

B2 (2% biodiesel and 98% conven-

tional diesel), or B20 (20% biodiesel).

In addition to its growing popularity for

use in passenger vehicles, biodiesel is

used by more than 500 major com-

mercial fl eets across the country.

More than 500 retail fi lling stations

make biodiesel available to the public,

and some 1,400 petroleum distributors

carry it nationwide.

The use of biodiesel yields numer-

ous environmental benefi ts, including

signifi cant reductions in carbon mon-

oxide emissions, particulate matter,

unburned hydrocarbons, and sulfates.

On a lifecycle basis, biodiesel reduces

carbon dioxide by 78% compared to

petroleum diesel.

According to the National Biodiesel

Board, a nonprofi t trade association,

in Jefferson City, Mo., dedicated to

coordinating the biodiesel industry and

educating the public about the fuel,

this makes biodiesel the most effective

greenhouse gas-mitigation technol-

ogy currently available for heavy-duty

vehicles and equipment. Biodiesel’s

inclusion in the landmark Energy Bill

recently signed into law shows recogni-

tion by Congress and President Bush

that biodiesel is an important part of

the solution for reducing dependence

on foreign oil, boosting the economy,

and benefi ting the environment.

WALKING THE WALK

Another popular alternative fuel that’s

been a focus of private, public, and

government fl eets at all levels for

years is clean-burning natural gas.

One of the largest privately owned

fl eets in the country is found at Pacifi c

Gas and Electric Co., which has been

operating alternative fuel vehicles

since 1985 and now has more than

850 natural gas vehicles in its own

fl eet, including gas service trucks,

meter reader vehicles, and pool cars.

Providing alternative fuels with the

opportunity to compete has long been

a focus at San Francisco-based PG&E.

The utility’s support of its customers’

use of green technologies has brought

many success stories, among them

26 compressed natural-gas refuse

trucks operating in Sunnyvale, Calif.

On a larger scale, hundreds of natural

gas trucks are in operation with Waste

Management Inc., California’s leading

provider of solid waste and recycling

services. Starting with one of the fi rst

pilot projects in 1995, Waste Manage-

ment’s fl eet of natural gas vehicles has

grown to 462 trucks running on com-

pressed and liquefi ed natural gas.

Looking to the future, PG&E will contin-

ue its focus on green technologies while

working with its customers and govern-

ment agencies to advance its vision of

clean natural-gas vehicles as part of

the solution to air quality challenges.

“The state has been making good

progress to improve air quality, but cur-

rent policy ignores growing concerns

about petroleum dependency,” says

Brian Stokes, manager of the clean air

transportation division at PG&E. “The

legislature has approved $150 million

a year in incentive programs to facilitate

fl eet emission-lowering conversions and

new cleaner vehicle purchases. How-

ever, most of these funds are going to

diesel retrofi ts and re-powers because

GREEN TRUCKS

WESTSTART-CALSTART

is North America’s leading

advanced transportation

technologies organization.

As a participant-supported

non-profi t of more than 115

companies and agencies, it

is dedicated to expanding

and supporting a high-tech

transportation industry

that cleans the air, creates

jobs, and improves energy

effi ciency, while lessening

dependence on foreign oil

and reducing global warming.

It plays a national role facili-

tating advanced systems and

fuels for transit and heavy-

duty vehicles, and new

forms of mobility.

Visit www.weststart.org.

POWERING TOMORROW’S

VEHICLES, TODAY

UQM Technologies Inc. (AMEX:

UQM) is a recognized technol-

ogy leader in the development

and manufacture of high-

performance, power-dense,

and energy-effi cient elec-

tric motors, generators, and

power electronic controllers.

Applications include electric

propulsion systems for hybrid,

battery-electric, and fuel-cell

vehicles, plus 42-volt under-

the-hood power accessories

and vehicle auxiliaries for

greater effi ciency. For 25 years,

customers from major auto-

makers to the U.S. military have

benefi ted from “UQM Inside.”

See us at www.uqm.com.

Above: PG&E has a fl eet of 850 natural-gas vehicles.

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98% Reduction

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S P E C I A L A D V E R T I S I N G S E C T I O N

the incentive program criteria are based on current

cost effectiveness. Unfortunately, improving petroleum

product performance by itself is only part of the solu-

tion, and we will never get to a diversifi ed portfolio of

fuels with this strategy. The criteria need to be adjusted

to give emerging alternative fuels – that have the

potential of achieving cost-effectiveness with near-term

subsidies – a chance to compete.”

THE MORE THINGS CHANGE…

“Even with the advanced technology that lies on the

horizon for fuel cells and hydrogen vehicles, there’s

always going to be a vital role for diesel technology,”

says the Diesel Technology Forum’s Schaeffer.

“When we examine the reasons why people are

using diesel today, we fi nd they’re the very same

reasons why people used diesel many decades ago.”

According to Schaeffer, it’s really the whole package

– a unique combination of fuel effi ciency, perfor-

mance, and unmatched power density that’s able to

deliver more horsepower and more force to get the

job done using the lowest amount of fuel possible.

Indeed, all technologies and fuels that make

trucks operate cleaner and more effi ciently – from

advanced diesel and biodiesel to hybrid-electric and

natural gas – are increasingly important to not only

the bottom line, but energy security and our quality

of life. It’s a challenge that is being well met by com-

panies large and small in a dedicated effort to bring

trucks and fuels into a new era.

WEB DIRECTORY

GREEN TRUCKS

Diesel Technology Forum

http://www.dieselforum.org

International Truck and

Engine Corp.

http://www.internationaldelivers.com

National Biodiesel Board

http://www.biodiesel.org

Pacifi c Gas and

Electric Co.

http://www.pge.com

UQM Technologies Inc.

http://www.uqm.com

WestStart–CALSTART Inc.

http://www.calstart.org

Produced by Custom Publishing Group, www.custpub.com

Written by Ron Cogan, www.greencar.com

Designed by Segal Savad, www.segalsavad.com

For more information about Special Advertising Sections, e-mail

Stacy Sass McAnulty, Director, Worldwide Special Advertising Sections,

at: stacy_sass-mcanulty@businessweek.com

Please visit www.businessweek.com/adsections

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today, positioned at the intersection of

automobiles, energy, and the environment.

The award-winning magazine’s high produc-

tion values, environmental focus, and

auto-enthusiast editorial voice provide a

much-needed platform for the technologies

and fuels that enable today’s vehicles to

run more effi ciently than ever before. With

perspective from industry and environmental leaders alike, the

magazine takes a balanced, thoughtful look at this growing fi eld.

Visit us at www.greencar.com.