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TRANSCRIPT
GREEN STAR INDUSTRIAL V1 Potable Water Calculator Guide
www.gbca.org.au
Date Issued: April 2010
Table of ConTenT
1.0 INTRODUCTION 2
2.0 HOW POINTS ARE AWARDED IN WAT-1 ‘OCCUPANT AMENITY WATER’ 3
3.0 ASSUMPTIONS 4
4.0 HOW TO USE THE POTABLE WATER CALCULATOR 5
4.1 BUILDING INFORMATION 5
4.2 EFFICIENT FIXTURES AND FITTINGS 6
4.3 WATER RECYCLING AND REUSE 7
4.4 RAINWATER CALCULATOR 8
4.5 GREYWATER AND BLACKWATER AND OTHER REUSED NON-MAINS WATER 10
4.6 POINTS CALCULATION 11
5.0 THE GREEN STAR – INDUSTRIAL V1 SEWAGE CALCULATOR 13
6.0 THE GREEN STAR – INDUSTRIAL V1 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS CALCULATOR 14
Table of figures:Figure 1: Example of Building Information data input. 5Figure 2: Sample of data entry for toilets. 6Figure 3: Example of how the Total Water consumption for fixtures and fittings are displayed. 7Figure 4: Example of data entry for water uses rewarded in other Green Star credits, note that the total water consumption shall be entered. 7Figure 5: Example of data entry for the Green Star Simple Rainwater Calculator. 8Figure 6: Example of data entry for rainwater demand. 9Figure 7: Example of how the resulting rainwater demand is displayed in the Calculator. 9Figure 8: Example of data entry for determining the volume of water collected for re-use. 10Figure 9: Example of data entry for calculating the demand for re-used water. 11Figure 10: Example of how the results are displayed in the Calculator, the number of points are automatically exported to the Wat-1 Occupant Amenity Water in the Water Category. 12
www.gbca.org.au
Tool Version Revision Date Issued Description
Green Star - Industrial v1 Potable Water Calculator Guide
A April 2010
Date Issued: April 2010
www.gbca.org.au
Date Issued: April 2010
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inTroduCTion
The Green Building Council of Australia (GBCA) has developed a Potable Water Calculator (‘the Calculator’) for the Green Star – Industrial v1 rating tool to estimate potable water consumption in industrial buildings. The Calculator returns the number of awarded points (out of five available) for the Green Star credit Wat-1 ‘Occupant Amenity Water’. This guide explains how the calculator works and how it should be used. This guide should be used in conjunction with the Potable Water Calculator in the Green Star – Industrial v1 rating tool.
The Calculator determines the number of points awarded based on the efficiency of fittings and fixtures (toilets, urinals, taps, showers and washdown) as well as the recycling and reuse of non-potable water (rainwater, greywater and blackwater). The Calculator is embedded in the Green Star rating tool; it can be found on the tab in the spreadsheet next to the Water Category.
Please note that the GBCA assumes that the project teams have undertaken thorough calculations and dimensioning of all components in the water recycling and reuse system. The GBCA will not accept any responsibility for the dimensioning and functionality of the water recycling and water re-use systems that are being assessed under Green Star – Industrial v1. The Calculator is intended to be used for benchmarking purposes only.
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Date Issued: April 2010
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How poinTs are awarded in waT-1 ‘oCCupanT ameniTy waTer’
Up to five points are awarded in the Wat-1 ‘Occupant Amenity Water’ credit. Points are awarded based on estimated total potable water consumption. Reduction in consumption of potable water can be achieved through installing efficient fixtures and fittings and by recycling and re-using non-potable water, such as rainwater, greywater and blackwater. Five points are awarded when a potable water consumption equivalent to installing fittings and fixtures of the water efficiency as per table 2.
To determine the water efficiency of fixtures and fittings, the Calculator imports data from the Water Efficiency Labelling and Standards (WELS) scheme, where the water efficiency of all fixtures and fittings sold in Australia is registered. The WELS scheme awards each fixture or fitting with a star rating from one to six stars (with six representing the highest water efficiency).
The WELS ratings of all fittings and fixtures sold in Australia are publicly available from an online database administrated by the federal government. For further information about the WELS rating scheme and the water efficiency thresholds for each star band, please refer to AS/NZS 6400:2005 Water Efficient Products – Rating and Labelling and www.waterrating.gov.au.
Potable water use in industrial buildings can be further minimised through the use of non-potable water in showers and taps; if reused water is used in such applications, it is essential to ensure that the quality of the reused water is fit for that purpose.
The efficiency of other water uses in the building is awarded in the following credits:
Wat-3 ‘Landscape Irrigation’ • Wat-4 ‘Heat Rejection Water’• Wat-5 ‘Fire System Water’•
2.0
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assumpTions
The total water demand is estimated based on assumptions about usage rates; these are outlined in Table 1.
The occupancies used in the calculator are the same as those used in the energy modelling required for Ene-Conditional Requirement and Ene-1: Greenhouse Gas Emissions. For more information, refer to Appendix A of the Green Star – Industrial v1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Calculator Guide, available from the GBCA website.
Five points are awarded when the potable water consumption equivalent to the water efficiencies as per Table 2 is achieved in the building. It is not required to meet each individual target for points to be awarded, and potable water reduction can also be achieved through water reuse. The benchmarks are based on the AS/NZS 6400:2005 Water Efficient Products – Rating and Labelling. The benchmarks for two, three and four points are interpolated values from the resulting total potable water consumption for one point and five points.
It is assumed that the available non-potable water is used to meet the credit criteria in other credits (Wat-3 ‘Landscape Irrigation’ and Wat-4 ‘Heat Rejection Water’) before it is used to replace potable water for occupant amenity use.
3.0 Fixture/fitting Assumed usage
Toilets 2.3 uses per person per standard day.0.3 uses per male per standard day if urinals are installed.
Urinals2 uses per day per male if installed (assuming 50% of occupants are males)No urinals on auto-flush in benchmark building.
Wash basins 2.5 x 0.15 minute uses per person per standard day
Showers
5 minutes per use100% of staff in manufacturing and processing use the showers once per shift10% of staff in laboratories use the showers once per shift5, 10 or 15% of staff uses the shower once per shift; the figure varies with how many cyclist facilities are installed.
Wash down Each hose is used 15 minutes per shift
Table 1: Assumed usage rates of fixtures and fittings in the Calculator.
Table 2: Water efficiency required to achieve 1 or 5 points in Wat-1 ‘Occupant Amenity Water’.
1 point 5 points
Toilets 3 Star (4L/flush ) 6 star (2.5L/flush)Taps 5 Star (9L/min) 6 star (4.5L/min)
Urinals 3Star (2L/flush) 6 star (0L/min)Showerheads 3 Star (9L/flush) 3 star (6L/min)
Washdown hose 18L/min 10L/min
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How To use THe poTable waTer CalCulaTor
The user is required to enter data into the white cells only. The information in the light grey cells is generated by the Calculator.
building informaTion
The following information must be entered for each space type in the building:
• Area;• Days of Operation;• Schedule of Operation; and• Maximum Design Occupancy, if different from the default values.
Figure 1 is an example of data entry. Note that the maximum design occupancy has been entered manually for the warehouse and kitchen space types.
4.0 4.1
Figure 1: Example of Building Information data input.
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Date Issued: April 2010
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effiCienT fiXTures and fiTTings
Data about the fixture and fittings included in the building design should be entered in the section ‘Water Consumption due to Fittings’. The information can be entered by entering the water consumption in the ‘Manual entry from manufacturer’s data sheet’ cell or by using the drop down menus in the column ‘WELS star rating selection’. The corresponding water consumption is automatically generated in the adjacent grey cell titles ‘Calculated Water Consumption (kL/week)’.
The criteria for each WELS star rating is a water efficiency represented by a band with maximum and minimum water consumption for that particular rating. For purposes of this calculator, the highest water consumption allowed for that particular WELS star rating is used in all calculations. The actual water consumption, as displayed on the WELS label on registered products, can be manually entered into the Calculator if known (For example, see the entry for Visitors toilets in Figure 2). The percentage of each type of fitting should also be entered. The total water consumption (‘Calculated Water Consumption’) for each category is generated by the Calculator. Data entry for toilets, urinals, taps and showers are done in the same way. Figure 2 provides an example of how data is entered for toilets; data is entered in a similar way for the other fixtures and fittings.
4.2
Figure 2: Sample of data entry for toilets.
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Date Issued: April 2010
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The maximum WELS rating for showerheads is 3 stars rather than 6 stars. A showerhead is registered with a 3 star rating if the performance is lower than 9L/min. The lower performance benchmark is 9L/min the upper performance benchmark is 6L/min. Note that using flow restrictors to limit the flow through showers is not an acceptable alternative to a more efficient WELS rating. Projects must use the actual WELS rating for the showerhead and not the WELS flow rate from flow restrictors used with showers. This is because the WELS rating system includes requirements for spray pattern (e.g., spray spread angle) which cannot be achieved by a flow controller alone.
The total water consumption in fixtures and fittings is calculated and the results are presented as kL/week with an illustrative pie-chart, see figure 3 for an example. Note that the total number of points awarded is not based on this figure, this is for information only, water recycling and reuse is also included in the figure used to determine the final number of points
Figure 3: Example of how the Total Water consumption for fixtures and fittings are displayed.
waTer reCyCling and re-use
Recycling and reusing water are ways to reduce the potable water consumption. Note that it must be documented that the water quality when reused and recycled is fit for its purpose.
The first data entry is the total water demand for irrigation, heat rejection and fire system testing; a first step to determine which demands for reused and recycled water exist in the building. The volume of water required to satisfy the credit criteria in other uses than Occupant amenity water in the building is subtracted from the volume of water available to reduce the potable water used for occupant amenity.
4.3
Figure 4: Example of data entry for water uses rewarded in other Green Star credits, note that the total water consumption shall be entered.
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Date Issued: April 2010
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Figure 5: Example of data entry for the Green Star Simple Rainwater Calculator.
rainwaTer CalCulaTor
The Rainwater Calculator makes a simplified assessment of the amount of rainwater that could be collected. It is based on the design of the rainwater collection system and rainfall for the specified location. The Rainwater Calculator is intended to be used for benchmarking the amount of available rainwater. This Calculator is not intended to be used by designers to size and specify rainwater systems.
To use the Green Star Rainwater Calculator, the user must answer ‘Yes’ to the question ‘Do you want to use the Green Star simple Rainwater Calculator?’. The user must then input the rainfall collection area; select the run-off coefficient for the roof from the drop down menu; and indicate the size of the rainwater storage capacity, as per figure 5. The average monthly rainfall for the building location must also be entered; this data is accessible from the Bureau of Meteorology at: www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages.
The data entered for the rainfall collection area, run-off coefficient and storage capacity must be justified in the documentation submitted for compliance with Wat-1 ‘Occupant Amenity Water’. An example of data entered into the rainwater calculator is provided in Figure 5.
4.4
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Date Issued: April 2010
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Figure 6: Example of data entry for rainwater demand.
Figure 7: Example of how the resulting rainwater demand is displayed in the Calculator.
Where the Green Star Rainwater Calculator is not used (by selecting ‘No’ in the ‘Do you want to use the Green Star simple Rainwater Calculator?’), the ‘Enter weekly rainwater available for consumption (kL/week)’ field must be filled out. Calculations will need to be provided to demonstrate available rainwater. These calculations must at a minimum include information on how:
Rainwater availability was calculated on a monthly basis or during a shorter time period;• The tank has been sized to accommodate all these uses; • The run-off coeffient for the roof is justified; and• Monthly rainfall data is justified for the building location. Data from the Bureau of Meteorology can be accessed • at www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages.
Once the supply of rainwater has been determined, the demand needs to be established. Further data entry is required as per figure 6. Note that only the white cells are to be filled in.
The resulting demand for rainwater is displayed as illustrated in figure 7, note that only the rainwater used toilets, urinals, showers, taps and washdown contributes to the reduction of Occupant Amenity Water.
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greywaTer and blaCKwaTer and oTHer re-used non-mains waTer
To determine the volume of water collected for reuse from greywater, blackwater and other non-mains sources; the white cells of the Calculator should be filled in by the user (as per the example in Figure 8). The Calculator generates the estimated volume of water collected on-site (kL/week). If Stormwater is collected for reuse, the volume can be entered under the <enter description of other sources of greywater (kL/week)).
To determine the water demand for reuse from greywater, blackwater and other non-mains sources; the white cells of the Calculator should be filled in by the user (as per the example in Figure 9). Note that only the water re-used in toilets, urinals, showers, taps and washdown contributes to the reduction of Occupant Amenity Water.
4.5
Figure 8: Example of data entry for determining the volume of water collected for re-use.
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Date Issued: April 2010
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Figure 9: Example of data entry for calculating the demand for re-used water.
poinTs CalCulaTion
To determine the volume of water collected for reuse from greywater, blackwater and other non-mains sources; the white cells of the Calculator should be filled in by the user (as per the example in Figure 8). The Calculator generates the estimated volume of water collected on-site (kL/week). If Stormwater is collected for reuse, the volume can be entered under the <enter description of other sources of greywater (kL/week)).
‘Potable water demand from toilets, urinals, indoor taps, showers and washdown’
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Rainwater used for toilets, urinals, indoor taps, showers and washdown’
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‘Greywater/blackwater/other reused water for toilets, urinals, indoor taps, showers and washdown’
=estimated total potable water consumption’
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The final result is displayed as per figure 10, with the number of points awarded and all benchmarks disclosed. The number of points awarded is automatically exported to the Wat-1 Occupant Amenity Water credit in the rating tool.
Figure 10: Example of how the results are displayed in the Calculator, the number of points are automatically exported to the Wat-1 Occupant Amenity Water in the Water Category.
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Date Issued: April 2010
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green sTar – indusTrial v1 sewage CalCulaTor
The Green Star – Industrial v1 Sewage Calculator does not require any data input from the user. All required data is entered to the Potable Water Calculator and then exported to the Sewage Calculator. The Sewage Calculator returns the number of awarded points (out of four available 1) for the Green Star credit Emi-6 ‘Discharge to Sewer’. The Sewage Calculator is embedded in the Green Star rating tool; it can be found next to the Emissions Category in the rating tool.
Points are awarded based on the percentage reduction compared to a building with standard practice performance. Reduced flow to sewer can be achieved through water-efficient fixtures and fittings as well as reuse of greywater and blackwater. The standard practice building is assumed to not include any water reuse and fixtures and fittings as outlined in Table 3.
Please refer to the Technical Manual for further details on how points are awarded in Emi-6 ‘Discharge to Sewer’.
1 The Sewage Calculator awards up to four points, there are however five points available in the Emi-6 ‘Discharge to Sewer’ credit, for further details please refer to the Technical Manual.
5.0
Fixture/fitting WELS star Rating
Toilet 3 stars (4L/flush)Urinals 3 stars (2L/flush)Taps 3 stars (9L/min)
Showers 3 stars (9L/min)Wash down hose 18L/min
Table 3: WELS star ratings assumed to be standard practice in the Sewage Calculator.
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Date Issued: April 2010
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Table 4: WELS star ratings assumed to be standard practice in the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Calculator for assessment of energy consumption for domestic hot water.
green sTar – indusTrial v1 greenHouse gas emissions CalCulaTor
The Green Star – Industrial v1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Calculator is designed to assess reductions in greenhouse gas emissions compared to a standard practice building. The Greenhouse Gas Emissions Calculator is embedded in the Green Star rating tool; it can be found on a tab in the spreadsheet next to the Energy Category. More information about the Green Star – Industrial v1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Calculator is available in the Green Star – Industrial v1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Calculator Guide, available at www.gbca.org.au.
Reduction in the volume of domestic hot water usage is one efficient way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with buildings. Standard practice hot water consumption in a building is based on the data in Table 4. The data for standard practise has been established in collaboration with the Australian Government’s Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. It is assumed that 50% of the water used in these applications is hot water. Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved by installing more efficient fittings and fixtures or installing an efficient hot water system such as solar hot water.
It is important for projects to fill this section accurately. It not only assists projects in calculating the overall water efficiency of their project, it also affects the points awarded under Ene-1 ‘Greenhouse Gas Emissions’. The hot water consumption estimates displayed at the top of the Calculator should be used to calculate amount energy consumed for hot water in the Proposed and Standard Practice Building. The energy consumption figures are then entered into the ‘Greenhouse Gas Emissions Calculator’.
6.0
Fixture/fitting WELS star Rating
Taps 4 star (7.5L/min)Showerheads 3 star (9L/min)