green economy with · refrigeration and air conditioning • up to 40% of goods perish along the...

Green economy with

natural refrigerants

by

Natural Refrigerants - Technology Transfer in

Developing and Emerging Countries:

Examples from the Praxis

by

Alvaro Zurita, GIZ

Schaffhausen, Switzerland

Friday, June 28th, 2013

Contents

1. GIZ - Proklima

2. Emissions from the RAC sector

3. Examples from the Praxis

• China: AC units with R290

• India: AC units with R290

• Swaziland: Conversion of domestic refrigeration

• South Africa: Conversion of supermarket systems

• Indonesia (Bali): New air conditioning system in a Hotel

4. Final remarks

Schaffhausen, 28 June 2013

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH

• An international cooperation enterprise for sustainable

development with worldwide operations

• Owned by the German Government

• Established in 1975

• 2,600 development projects and programmes

• In more than 130 countries

• With 67 own offices.

• ~17,000 employees, of which 12,000 employed in partner countries


Montreal Protocol: since 1996 Implementation of the German

bilateral quota (20% of the German contributions to the

Multilateral Fund)

Advises governments of partner countries, companies on drafting

local regulations , setting policies and replacement of ozone

depleting technologies.

Cooperates with countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America in

the fields of refrigeration, foam blowing, fire fighting equipment

and agriculture

Our approach:

… from technology demonstration projects to sector

conversion !

GIZ Proklima … a programme within GIZ


GIZ - Proklima worldwide

Summary

– 16 years worldwide initiatives

– ~ 245 projects

– ~ 40 Partner countries

– ~ 8,000 ODP tons reduced

– ~ 100 Mio tons CO2eq. reduced

– ~ 35.000 trained technicians

Integrated ozone and climate protection with focus on natural

refrigerants with low-GWP and energy-efficient applications


Applications in refrigeration, air conditioning and foam technology

17.06.2013


indirect emissions direct emissions

Direct and indirect emissions


Global relevance

• ~15% of global energy consumption for

cooling (7% growth/year until 2050) [IEA]

• ~40% of energy consumption in urban areas for

refrigeration and air conditioning

• Up to 40% of goods perish along the (missing) cool

chain

• Refrigerator and air conditioning unit are (next to light

and tv) the top investments for poor families

• Up to 80% of energy costs of poor households

come from the household refrigerator

• GWP !


Market volume in different applications in refrigeration and

air-conditioning [billion EUR]

Source: Study for EC F-Gas Review (Öko-Recherche/HEAT GmbH)


HFC - hydrofluorocarbons

• HFCs are widely neglected powerful greenhouse gases

• Belong in the basket of substances under the Kyoto Protocol

• Enormous growth rates in all developing countries

• Expensive for economies of developing countries

HFC days are numbered…

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

HFC-Phase down (proposals)

NAProposal

FSMProposal

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

HCFC Phase out


Climate-friendly, sustainable alternatives for (nearly) all applications and

regions!

Mobile AC

HC

Domestic

Ref.

CO2, HC HC, NH3

AC

CO2/

HC

Foams

NH3, HC

Industr.

Ref.

CO2,

NH3, HC

Comm.

Ref.


The Greenfreeze experience: 20 years after

Production of Greenfreeze refrigerators 50 to 100 %

Production of Greenfreeze and conventional refrigerators

No production or no reliable data available

20 Years of Greenfreeze - Production of 700 Mio. fridges since 1992


China: Development of split AC units on HC-290

• Pilot production line at GREE (worldwide’s

largest AC manufacturer - 70 million units/year)

• Production of HCFC-/HFC-free RAC units -> HC

• Support provided:

• Technology transfer, design advise

• Safety concept and training

• Production capacity: 180,000 AC units per year

• Emission reduction: 300 tons HCFC/HFC;

880.000 tons CO2eq / year


17.06.2013 China - Conversion of production line (AC)

India: Development of split AC units on HC-290

The Partner Company

• Godrej Group:

one of the largest privately held Industrial Corporations

• Godrej introduced 100% CFC free refrigerators in 2000, using HC - the first

and only Indian company to do so

The Manufacturing Project

• 2010: Agreement, Ozone Cell/GIZ/Godrej to set up manufacturing facility for

annual output of 180,000 Split and Window type AC

• 2011: Equipment Specifications, Tendering, Equipment Delivery

• Installation & Commissioning – Jan ~ March 2012

• TuV Audit of Manufacturing Line – March 2012

• Indian BEE Certification – March 2012

• Training of Trainers – March 2012

• Commercial Production – April 2012


Some technical characteristics

• Compressor of 10% higher capacity

• Smaller diameter condenser tubes

• Micro-channel heat exchangers (brazed aluminium)

• Use of 50 channel condensers in conjunction with higher efficiency

compressors

Ozone and Climate friendly and higher energy efficiency

• R 290: GWP =3 (R22 / R410a, GWP > 1700),

• design has an energy efficiency at least 12% more than a standard 5-

star AC.



Gas charging station with ventilation ducting & gas alarms

Repair area gas recovery system with ducting & gas alarm interlock



Fire proof junction boxes in Refrigerant charging areas

Ventilation system in HC 290 gas charging station – with two speed option

& gas alarm mechanism and complete power cutoff interlock



Ducting mechanism for performance chamber

Performance testing room with safety ducting & gas alarm interlocks



Safety Measures in Product

BEFORE - The wire terminal strands were

soldered and then screwed to the terminal

block.

AFTER - The wire strands are

connected in a thimble which is

covered with an insulating sleeve.



The Product…

AC Cooling Capacity : 3375W

Compressor details : Rotary

Power Supply : 230/1/50 (V/Phase/Hz)

Power Input : 912W

EER : 3.7

Star Rating : 5 Star

www.godrejappliances.com

AC Cooling Capacity : 4900W (now

improved to 5000W)

Compressor details : Rotary

Power Supply : 230/1/50 (V/Phase/Hz)

Power Input : 1325W

EER : 3.7

Star Rating : 5 Star



Swaziland: Conversion of domestic refrigeration

• Conversion of production of domestic refrigeration units from HFC-

134a und -404A to HC-600a und HC-290

• Support provided:

• Consulting on implementation

• Technology transfer

• Safety concept and training

• Marketing and public relations

• Production capacity: 100,000 units per year

• Emission reduction: 20 tons HFC; 29,000 tons CO2eq /yr

(Palfridge)

www.thefridgefactory.com


17.06.2013

Swaziland: Conversion of domestic refrigeration production

17.06.2013


Replacement of conventional centralised HCFC

supermarket systems with CO2/Ammonia systems

Outcomes

• 20-25% higher energy-efficiency

• Project avoids emissions of high-GWP, ODS refrigerants

• Meets all safety requirements of European safety standard

• Standard technology for new supermarkets

• Initiator for energy management measures in entire 770 stores

• Allocations in annual budget

• Cooperation and exchange with other players in the market

• Main competitors (Checkers, Spar, Woolworth, Shopwise, Makro) taking up

technology and converting stores

South Africa: Conversion of supermarket refrigeration

www.picknpay.co.za


Abatement options – supermarkets

Abatement Option Expected result

Reduction of leakages Reduction of direct emissions

Introduce Low-GWP refrigerant

technology Reduction of direct emissions

Improvement of energy efficiency Reduction of indirect emissions

Conventional technology

Centralised pack concept, HCFC-22 High leakage rate, large

refrigerant charge



0

100

200

300

400

En

erg

y c

on

su

mp

tio

n,

kW

h/m

2 c

oo

led

dis

pla

y a

rea

Cape Town

Strand Average Cape Town

0

100

200

300

400

En

erg

y c

on

su

mp

tio

n,

kW

h/m

2

co

ole

d d

isp

lay a

rea

Johannesburg/Gauteng

Randpark Ridge Average Gauteng

Energy efficiency:

savings in supermarkets after conversion



Greenhouse Gas Emission and Electricity Savings

(overall calculated averages between project stores and new conventional stores)

Strand

Capetown

Randpark Ridge

Gauteng

Energy consumption reduction 19% 26%

Energy savings (MWh / year) 173 132

Indirect emissions (tCO2/year) 161 122

Refrigerant emissions avoided

(tCO2eq/year) 234 340

Total emission elimination

(tCO2eq/year) 395 462

Eliminating refrigerant emissions of ca. 2000 t CO2eq/year

compared to the replaced ca. 20 year old refrigeration systems



South Africa - Supermarket refrigeration (NH3/CO2)

17.06.2013 South Africa - Supermarket refrigeration (NH3/CO2)

South Africa - Supermarket refrigeration (NH3/CO2)

South Africa - Supermarket refrigeration (NH3/CO2) South Africa - Supermarket refrigeration (NH3/CO2)

Upscaling to sectoral approach for supermarkets

Ca. 1,500 supermarkets

in South Africa

Ca. 15-20 million

t CO2eq/year



Indonesia (Bali): Installation of new air conditioning system, Ramada

Benoa Hotel

• 180 Guest rooms, spa, restaurant, etc

• Energy consumption: 3.2 Mio kWh/yr (old system)

• Refrigerant: R290

• Savings: ca. US$ 15,000/month, 1.8 Mio kWh/yr,

• Return on Investment: 12 months

• Save 1,500 tonnes CO2eq/yr, between 40–60% lower CO2eq emissions


Indonesia (Bali): Installation of new air conditioning system, Ramada

Benoa Hotel


• BMU, 2012-2017

• support the Technology Transfer Mechanism under the UNFCCC

• accelerated technology transfer (RAC)

• Establish Road Map for Green Cooling

• Green Cooling Networks

• regional technology partnerships

• sectoral technology partnerships

Further relevant GIZ PROKLIMA projects

The Green Cooling Initiative


Objective: Establish tools and methodologies for NAMAs in

RAC&Foam sectors

Expected outcome:

• Enable decision makers to identify and estimate emission reduction potentials

of climate friendly alternatives

• Guidelines for RAC sector specific NAMA preparation

• NAMAs ready to be submitted for funding (in Mexico, Thailand, …)

Activities:

• Development of methodologies and instruments to inventory HFC

production/consumption and to identify potential emission reductions

• Data collection & - analysis / Building an HFC inventory

• Ranking of options (taking into consideration technical feasibility, cost

efficiency)

• Analysis of existing regulatory framework and standards, outline of applicable

policy instruments and incentive mechanisms

Further relevant GIZ PROKLIMA projects

NAMAs in the RAC sector


Final remarks

• Developing and emerging countries: increasing demand for climate

friendly technologies

• Technologies are proven and available

• Successful examples of Technology Transfer

• Challenges for market introduction in developing and emerging

countries: removal of technical, cultural, political, and legal barriers

17.06.2013 Schaffhausen, 28 June 2013

Contact:

Alvaro Zurita

Proklima International

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)

GmbH

Dag-Hammarskjöld-Weg1-5

65760 Eschborn, Germany

Email: [email protected]

Internet: www.giz.de/proklima

Thank you!


mailto:[email protected]

http://www.gtz.de/proklima

green economy with · refrigeration and air conditioning • up to 40% of goods perish along the...

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