Greek I

Introduction to Verbs(Chapter 15)

Exegetical Insight – 1 John 2:1 and 3:6

1 John 2:1 Tekni,a mou( tau/ta gra,fw u`mi/n i[na mh. a`ma,rthteÅ kai. eva,n tij a`ma,rth|( para,klhton e;comen pro.j to.n pate,ra VIhsou/n Cristo.n di,kaion\

1 John 3:6 pa/j o` evn auvtw/| me,nwn ouvc a`marta,nei\ pa/j o` a`marta,nwn ouvc e`w,raken auvto.n ouvde. e;gnwken auvto,nÅ

Exegetical Insight – 1 John 2:1 and 3:6

1 John 2:1 Tekni,a mou( tau/ta gra,fw u`mi/n i[na mh. a`ma,rthteÅ kai. eva,n tij a`ma,rth|( para,klhton e;comen pro.j to.n pate,ra VIhsou/n Cristo.n di,kaion\

1 John 3:6 pa/j o` evn auvtw/| me,nwn ouvc a`marta,nei\ pa/j o` a`marta,nwn ouvc e`w,raken auvto.n ouvde. e;gnwken auvto,nÅ

Overview of this Lesson In this lesson we will learn:

the basic grammar of English verbs; the meanings of such terminology as

agreement, person, number, tense, time, voice, mood;

the main components of the Greek verb: stem, connecting vowel, and personal ending;

the concept of “aspect” and its significance for a proper understanding of the Greek verb.

English Grammar Verb – a word that describes action or state of being.

I am studying Greek. Greek is the language of the New Testament.

Person First (I, we) Second (you) Third (he, she, it, they)

Number – either singular or plural I am the teacher. You are the students.

Agreement – A verb must agree with its subject in person and number.

Time – when the action takes place (past, present, future)

English Grammar Tense – In English, tense refers to both the

time of the action and the form of the word. I study – present tense I will study – future tense I studied – past tenseNote: the time of the verb is from the standpoint of the

speaker/writer, not the reader. Aspect: What is the difference between:

I studied last night. I was studying last night. The difference is in the kind of action: completed

versus continuous.

English Grammar Aspect and time

present past future

completed I study I studied I will study

continuous I am studying

I was studying

I will be studying

English Grammar

Voice – refers to the relationship between the subject and the verb. Active – the subject does the action of

the verb. Bill hit the ball.

Passive – the subject receives the action of the verb. Bill was hit by the ball.

Greek Grammar Agreement – Just

as in English, Greek verbs must agree with their subjects in person and number. Personal endings distinguish these various verb forms.

Greek Grammar In Greek, Tense has two components:

The time of the action (past, present, or future) The kind of action. This is called aspect, and is the

more dominant feature in Greek tense. Continuous means that the action of the verb is thought

of as an ongoing process. Undefined aspect means that the action of the verb is

thought of as a simple event, without further comment about the kind of action.

Voice – there are 3 in Greek: Active

I eat. Passive

I am being eaten. Middle – no English equivalent; will discuss more in

chapter 25.

Main Components of the Greek Verb

Stem carries the basic meaning. Connecting vowel aids in pronunciation. Personal endings reveal person and number. How you would parse the verb above:

Tense, voice, mood, person, number, lexical form, meaning.

Present, active, indicative, first person plural, from lu,w, meaning “I loose.”

Keep Parsing of Nouns and Verbs Straight

Verbs do not have case or gender; nouns do not have person.

Nouns Case, gender, number

Verbs Tense, voice, mood, person and number

For Next Week No vocab from chapter 15, no vocab quiz

next week. This is a good week to catch up. Do Review #3 as follows:

Go through and answer all the ones you can without looking back at the book.

Then look at the book for help on the ones that you need to.

Read through the passage from 1 John. You need not write out the translation. See how much you can translate as you read.

Read chapter 16 on Present Active Indicative, pp. 129-137.