graphene - final presentation
TRANSCRIPT
8/13/2019 Graphene - Final Presentation
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GrapheBY ZACH MERINO & TY
(Wikkicommons)
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Discovery
Andre Geim (left) andKostya Novoselov
Both did research atManchester University
Both received the
2010 Nobel Prize inPhysics for theirdiscovery ofgraphene
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Graphene’s Popularity
Graphene’s popularitysince it was able to beisolated has grownexponentially
Before the isolation of
graphene manyapplications were onlytheorized
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That Stuff in your pencil…
2D molecular structure madeof carbon atoms
1/106 thinner than paper
Honeycomb lattice pattern
Electrons act as if they haveno mass
What is Graphene?
(Barron, a
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Properties ofGraphene
Strongest materiadiscovered thus fa
Takes 100-300 timforce to break thbonds than stee
Would take an estanding on a pe
break a piece ofgraphene the thsaran wrap.
Flexible, as well as,transparent
(nanoGUNE)
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Properties of Graphene
Lightest material know thus far
Aerogel 7.5 times lighter than air
Density of Aerogel: 0.1mg/cm2
Density of air: 1.2 mg/c
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Properties ofGraphene
Theorized to beable to beferromagnetic
(Tune)
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Graphene Nanoribbons (GNR)
Graphene nanoribbons areultrathin strips of graphene
Typically <50nm wide
These GNR can be applied tomaterials for multiple purposes:
Applied to gas storagecontainers
Applied to materialsurfaces
Advantage of nanoribbonsover carbon nanotubes
(k3-
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So why is this material Important?
Graphene’s copious range of properties, lendsitself to a wide array of applications
Including imbedding graphene into commonmaterials to improve performance
Helping understand the frontiers of physics
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How Graphene is Being Applied
Graphene is applied toboth faces of a substrate(poly vinylidene fluoride)
Low fidelity (Lo-fi) speaker
Windows/screens could
also be a speaker
(
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Electrostatically-Driven GrapheneSpeaker
First Graphene AudioSpeaker Easily OutperformsTraditional Designs
“The graphene speaker,with almost nospecialized acoustic
design, performscomparably to a highquality commercialheadset.”
- Zhou and Zettl
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Flexible Photovoltaic Cells
In new hydric
photovoltaic cellsGraphene is used inplace of indium tin oxide
zinc-oxide nanowires withquantum dot structures
Process is very scalable
(Chan
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Ferromagnetism in Graphene?
The removal of carbon
atoms in graphene,called Vacancies, havemagnetic properties.
These magnetic dipoleshave strong magneticeffects on graphene’s
electrons. Magnetic storage and
MRAM
Alignment Vacancies
(Tune)
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3-dimensional Graphene Structures
Lithium oxide is reacted
with carbon monoxide This produces lithium
carbonate and threedimensional honeycomblike graphene
The lithium carbonate
helps form the graphenehoneycomb structure
Lithium carbonate thencan be dissolved
(Michigan Technologic
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Graphene’s impact on Science
Graphene provides mini-
labs for scientist to studyelectrons
In graphene electronsact like ultra-relativisticparticles
Through magnetic field fluxelectrons can bemanipulated.
("discovering
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Graphene’s impact on Science
Better understanthe swelling/shriearth’s radiation
The fluctuations predict space w
Help with sattechnology
Help predict disturbances
(Schmidt)
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If Graphene is so Great, Why is itNot Being Used?
Graphene was only found to be able to be isolated in2010
Since that time work with graphene has grownexponentially
Still the issue daunting scientist is how to now make these
applications accessible to the masses To do this, these applications must me scalable to an
industrial scale
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Unzipping Carbon Nanotubes
Sulfuric acid andpotassiumpermanganate ato “unzip” the cananotubes
Process is quick aoccur at roomtemperature.
Tubes can be “unany where alongstructure.
(University of Rice)
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Other Methods of Producing GNR
Argon plasetching
Alkali-Metainsertion
Nanopartic“scissors”
(Terrones 845-846)
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Chemical vapor Deposition
CVD is a common way
of creating carbonnanotubes
Is widely used in industryalready
Efficient in creating high
quality sheets ofgraphene
(Mukho
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How Does CVD Work?
A gaseous mixture of
reactive reactants ispumped into anionization chamber
Ionization chamber istemperature controllthrough heating elem
and pressurized gas
Excess reacted gas ispumped out of thechamber
(Gore, and Sane)
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Unzipping of CNT vs. CVD
Unzipping Carbon
Nanotubes Reaction happens near
room temperature
Produces graphenenanoribbons in patches
Over all cheaper thanchemical vapordeposition
Chemical Vapor Deposition Reaction happens at
temperatures exceeding700 degrees Fahrenheit
Produces layers of
graphene the shape ofthe substrate
Excess reacted gas mustbe disposed of
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Resources Stewart, Doug. "Graphene and Nanotubes Will Replace Silicon in Tomo
Machines." 07 05 2013. Web. 27 Oct. 2013. discovermagazine.com.
Venere, Emil. "Project aims to mass-produce 'nanopetals' for sensors, ba10 2013. Web. 27 Oct. 2013. phys.org.
Williams, Mike. "Tanks, graphene! Rice advances compressed gas storaWeb. 27 Oct. 2013. news.rice.edu.
Michigan Technological University. "3-D graphene: Solar cells' newplatinum?."ScienceDaily, 20 Aug. 2013. Web. 27 Oct. 2013.
Springer Science+Business Media. "Physicists study fast-moving electrongraphene as a model laboratory for massless particles."ScienceDaily, 3Web. 27 Oct. 2013.
University of Rice. "Rice researchers unzip the future." Rice National Stor13 Web. 6 Nov. 2013. www.rice.edu.
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Resources Johnson, Dexter. "Graphene Nanoribbons Bring New Twist to Li-ion Batte
2013: Web. 10 Nov. 2013. spectrum.ieee.org.
Brewster, Signe. "What is graphene? Here’s what you need to know abomaterial that could be the next silicon." 15 07 2013: web. gigaom.com.
University of Oxford. "Routes towards defect-free graphene." ScienceDa2013. Web. 10 Nov. 2013
Gong, Jian. Graphene Simulation. Croatia : InTech, 2011. 386. Print.
Barron, Andrew, and Christopher Hamilton. "Graphene." 25 04 2012: n. p
16 Nov. 2013. cnx.org. Gayle, Damien. "Scientists develop lightest solid material ever which ca
on top of a flower." 20 03 2013: Web. 17 Nov. 2013. dailymail.co.uk.
Anthony, Sebastian. "Graphene aerogel is seven times lighter than air, on a blade of grass." 10 04 2013: Web. 17 Nov. 2013. extremetech.com
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Resources Tapsut, Somsak. "Build Your Own Solar Panels In Really Effortless Way." M
Panel. 24 05 2013: Web. 19 Nov. 2013. bestsellersolarpower.blogspot.co
arXiv, . "MIT Technology Review." First Graphene Audio Speaker Easily OTraditional Designs. 13 03 2013: Web. 24 Nov. 2013. technologyreview.c
O'Brien, Terrence. "Transparent graphene speakers printed with inkjets, windows are on their way." 11 24 2011: Web. 24 Nov. 2013. technologyr
Poór, Viktor. "Nobel Prize in Physics 2010 (catoon)." 06 08 2010: Web. 24 scilogs.com.
Gore, Jay, and Anup Sane. "Flame Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes." 20Web. 24 Nov. 2013. intechopen.com.
Mukhopadhyay, Sharmila. "Center for Nanoscale Multifunctional Mater24 Nov. 2013. cecs.wright.edu.