grao dljc va bao -...
TRANSCRIPT
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sa GrAo DlJC vA BAo T~O HA N6r KS. NGUytN THI THU THUY
" , GIAOTRINH
~ • - ? ~
TONG OAI OlEN Til SO •
(Dllng trong cac tiuimg THeN)
NHA XUAT BAN HA N6I - 2005
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Uti gi6'i thi~u
N UDe ta dang buO'c vao thai ky cong nghi¢p h6a, hi¢n dt;li hoa nham dua Vi¢l Nam fro thiinh nutYc cong nghi¢p win minh, hifn dr;i.
Trong 51! nghi¢p cach mt;mg to lim do, cong tac dew t(1o nhdn life luan giiivai fro quan [r(mg. Bao cao Chinh tTf eua Ban Chap himh Trung uong Dang Cqng san Vi?' Nam tr;i Dqli h¢i Ddng loan quae Mn [hit IX dil chi ro: "Phat tri~n giao dl!c va daD t
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thdng va c~p nhrJt nhfing kien thue thlfc tien phil htJP vo'i dt/j
turng hec sinh THCN Ha N(Ji. B¢ giao trlnh nay ta tiii li¢u gidng dfly va h9C trJp trong
cae trurrng THCN if Ha N(Ji, dong thm fa tai Ii¢u tham khdo hftu fcll clw cae truong co dao tflo cac ngdnh ky thu~t - nghi¢p VI! va dong dao bfln d9c quan tam d{n va'n de huang nghi¢p, dq.y nght'.
Vi¢c 16' chuc bien soq.n b¢ chuang trinh, giao trinh nay Iii m(Jt trong nhie'u hOflt d9ng thie! thlfc cua nganh giao dl!c va ddo {flO Thu do dl ky ni¢m "50 nam gidi ph6ng Thu db ", "50 nam thanh I~p ngdnh" va huang tai ky ni¢m "]000 nam
Thang Long - Hd N9i". S6Giao d~e va Dao tflo Hii N9i chan thdnh cam an Thimh
fiy, VBND, cac so, ban, nganh cua Thanh pha, VI! Giao d¥-e
ehuyen nghi¢p B9 Gido dlfC va Dao /(;1.0, cac nha khoa h9c, cac chuyen gia dOll ngdnh, cac gidng vien, cae nha qudn Iy, cac nha doanh nghi¢p dil tflo dii/u ki¢n giup dO, drjng gop y kiefz,
tham gia H9i dong phdn bi¢n, H9i dong tha'm dinh va H()i dong nghi¢m thu cae chuang trinh, giao trinh.
Day ld 16n dou tien Sa Giao d¥-e vii Dao t(lO Hd N9i t6' chIrc bien SOfln chuang trinh, giao trlnh. Du dil he! suc cr)' gang nhung chac chan khong trlmh khoi thie'u sot, bd't e~p.
Chung toi mong nh4n duqc nhilng y kien dong gop cua bq.n
d9c dl tung bUGC hodn thi4n b() giao tri'nh trong cae 16n tai ban sau,
GIAM D6c so GIAo Dl)C vA DAo TAO
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Lui n6i dffu
Trong nhung nam gd'n ddy, nln cong ngh¢ vien thong tren the' gi6i co nhung huae pluit tritn dang kl NluJ do, chung fa co the' trao ddi thong lin a mqi hie, mQi lwi bang cac lu'nh thuc kluic nhau. Me,mg vien thong dii (ra thallI! m¢t {rong nlu(ng thiinh phdn cO bdn cua he; tang cd sa, gop phon thue da'y ne'n
kinh Ie' pilat trii'n va liang eao dOt s6'ng van hOG ella toan xii h(Ji. HOG nhip wii cong CllQC dd'i mai etla ddt nUGe, m(;lIlg vietl thong Vi¢t Nam
dii nhanh chong hi¢ll dqi hoo v('fi nhilu thief hi lien tiefl, cae loe}i 16ng dili hi¢1l dqi dUQ'c nh(ip eua cae luing nSi tie'flg tren the' giui. De' giup nhang ky thugt vibl, Cnll b(J ky tlauJt ngimh di¢n ttl - vien thong co 1I"ung kie'n t/U(C tong quan ve' Cdll Inle pluln d(ng, ecru tnk phdn mern, qua trlnh vgn hanh va bda duang m¢t sf I tiJ'ng ddi; qua d(l co klld nang tie'p cqn SQU hUll, r(}ng hUll viri cac cluing IOr;Ii tdng dai di¢ll til' so' klu1c, SlJ Gifw d1.lc va Dao tgo Ha N¢i dil cha phep
bien sOr;In giaa tril/It ring ddi di¢n tu s6' d~/a thea de' cUo'ng man hQc To'ng ddi di¢n ttl s6' dung clIo nganh ky thuqt vien vien thong dJ duqc So' duy¢t. Giao trlnh nay ciing co the'la tiii li¢u tham khao clw cae d¢c gid muo'n di sou vao
nghien ci(u cac to'ng ddi di¢1l ttl so:
N(Ji dung chinh du~c de' cqp J cac chuang sau: Chuang 1: T6ng diii Aleare! 1000E10. Chuang 2: T6ng diii NEAX-61E Chuang 3: T 6ng diii SF AREX-V K. ChulYTlg 4: T6ng doi Siemens EWSD. V iri chuang trinlz dcw tl}o trung cap, giao trinh se trang bi cho cac ky thuqt
vien vien thong flhUng kien thuc co' bdn, can thiet ve' cau truc phan cu.ng, Cli'U
truc pluln mern Clia mQt s6' chung IOl}i tdng dai difn tu so' thong dlfng tren mgng
vien thong Vi¢t Nam, de cac ky thuqt vien co the'tiip cqn viri thl/c te'trong cdc
ky thl/c ttjp ciing nhu sau khi tot nghi¢p.
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Nhan dip nay tbi x;n chan {hanh cam an TS. Tran Qu6c Thinh ~ tr/.lOng khoa Di¢n-Di~n tIl truemg Dt;li hQc Giao thong vgn tai Hil N¢i, Th.S va Phuang Lan - gidng vien truang HQc vi¢n Buu chinh vien thong I cung cac nha klwa h9C khdc do nhi¢t tinh giup do to; trong qua trinh bien soq.n glao {rinh nay.
Mt;ic du do Ttl't c{{ gang trong qua lrinll bien soq.n, song giao trinll kho tranh khoi sa; sol. Rd't mong n/ujn du(!c y kien dong gop cua cac bq.n d6ng nghi¢p, ale d{k gid de giao ITlnll hoan thi¢n hon trong fd'n tai bdn sau.
TAc GIA
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Chuang 1
nSNG DAI ALCATEL 1000E10
Ke'thua nhfrng thimh tl!U quy gia eua cae Hnh vgc: toan hQc, tin hQc, truyen dan, di~n tir ... n~n cOng nghi¢p thOng tin dang tmng giai do~n phat trien rvc roo Ttit d. cae san pham, ca.c khai ni¢m eua nen cong nghi¢p tri tu¢ nay de.u co m\lc dich chung Iii. cung c3:p d.c phuong ti~n dich V\l nham dem l~ cho khach hang S\! tin c~y, ti~n lqi, chat luqng cao va giam bar thai gian ehb dqi,
Cling vdi da phat trien chung cua cae hang vi~n thOng tren the gim cOng nhu sue qnh tranh v~ djch v~, ky thu~t... hang ALCATEL CIT (Philp) la mOt hang co sue thu hut va c6 uy tin Ian d6i v6i kha.ch hang. Dieu nay duqc minh chung bang s61ugng d.c nuClc dii sir dl:mg san pharo, eua hang ngay dmg nhieu han (tren 80 nuac hi~n dang sir d~ng t6ng dili nay).
TOng dili di~n tir s6 AleatellOOOElO duqc dua vao sir d~ng tren m~ng vien thOng Vi~t Nam tlr nam 1990 vOi ten gQi la ElOB (DCB-181). Day la t6ng dai hoan toim s6 da rrng d~ng, duqc cung clip boi ALCATEL CIT. Trang h~ th6ng t6ng did nay, no dii co duqc nhfrng au di~m can phii co eua mOt tOng dai di¢n tho~i hi¢n d~i va no phu hqp v6i nhu e~u thOng tin ngay eang hing eua khaeh hang tr~n th€ gi6'i hi¢n nay eo.ng nhu trong tuang laL
I. CAU TRUC T6NG QUAN
1. n,c diim VOi tfnh nang da rrng d~ng Ale.tel lOOOEIO c6 the duqc sir d~ng cho
chuyen m~ch c6 dung luqng khlic nhau baa g6m:
- Chuyen m~ch n¢i h~t (Local).
- Chuyen m~ch n¢i h~t/chuyen m~ch chuyen tie"p (Local-Tandem).
- Chuyen m~ch chuyen tie"p (Toll).
- Cira ng6 qu6c te"o
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H~ thong co the dong vai tro trung chuy~n m¢t cach mem dec qua cac rn~ng th6ng rninh (IN), rn~ng 56 t6 hqp da dich vu (ISDN), rn~ng di dqng cCOg c¢ng (PLMN) ... Co nghia Ia AlOOOElO co the cung cap tat cii cac dich v~ clla cac m~ng trf tu~ ...
T6ng dlli duqc thiet ke thich ung vrn m9i lo~i hlnh dan cu, khi h~u, dia hlnh do do no thich hgp vii dong thai duqc t~iet k€ dt!a thea tieu chufin quoc teo Vi v~y, AlOOOElO dIT duqc sir d~ng a tren 80 quac gia.
H~ thong khai tM.c vii bao duang rat linh ho~t, co th~ Iii n¢i b¢ ho*c t~p trung cho m¢t viti tcing diii ho~c vua Iii n¢i b¢ vua III t~p trung t~i cung m¢t thai diem. Dieu nay dam bao tinh linh ho~t cao, co the toy tung dieu ki~n rna ap d~ng cac phuong phap khai thac va bao duong de phat huy toi da hi~u qua Slr dl,lng cua thiet bi·
A1000E10 c6 th~ xit 19 Hit eli cOC h? th6ng bio hi?u phil hqp voi cae tieu chuan quoc te tu R2 den CCS7 ...
He thong A1000E10 1iI h? th6ng rna: Ph~n c!lng va philn rnern dqc l~p, cOc chuc nang khac bi¢t boi cac giao tiep chuan, do do cac b¢ ph~n clla h¢ thong Iii "rna" cho s,! nang cao ve ky thu~t cling nhu st! rna r¢ng cho cac chuc nang. Dieu nay co nghia Hi h¢ thong duqc bao v~ kha t6t chong l~i s,! loi thai.
AlOOOElO Iii h~ thong dang tin c~y: cac b¢ ph~ duqc tach rieng re ve m~t v~t ly vii phan mem a muc cao, chung duqc sap x€p thea module, duqc ki~m tra thir ngan ngua Ian truyen 16i. Sir d~ng nguyen ly du thua t~i cac muc quan trQng, cac thu t~c cau hinh l~i tt! d¢ng. dam bao cho dc dich v~ d~t chat luqng cao nhat.
2, C1Iu true ehU'e nang
cau truc chuc nang cua AIOOOEIO duqc chia thanh 3 khoi chuc nang rieng bi~t:
- Phftn h~ thue bao: Tht!c hi~n dau noi vai thue bao lUang tt! va thue bao s6.
- Phan h~ dau n6i va dieu khi~n: Tht!c hi~n chuc nang dau n6i va xu Iy cu¢c g9i.
- Phftn h~ v~n hanh va bao duang: Th,!c hi~n tilt d. cAc chuc nang cho phep nguai v~n hanh (khai thac) va bio duang thiet bi theo '* tu lam vi?c hqp 19,
Phan h~ dau noi va dieu khien phoi hqp vrn phan h~ v~n hanh va bao duang t~o thanh trung t~rn dieu khien OCB,283 (phien ban B ki~u 2 h? vi xU 19 A8300,32 bit),
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( MANGBAO HI$.U SO 7 (CCITI)
~ -------- ------(
MANGTHOAI "-
PHANH/;; pHANHEDAU ( NT TRUYNHA!' NOIVA "-
MANG DO'U/;;U TIfUEBAO DIEuKHrEN
MANG OIA TR.l
"- OIA TANG • , ,-----------, , , , , ,
- , , , PHANHE VAN
, PABX
, , MANG VAN HA.NH ,
'" HA.NH-VA" , , V A. BAa' DUJNG , BAoDUJNG , ,
~ , , , , oeB - 283 , , , L __________________________ ~
Hinh 1.1. Ccfu true ehUe nang eua A1000E10
NT: Ket cuoi so.
PABX: Tdng dai tu nhan.
3. Cau true ph an eCi'hg
Dl!a tren nguyen Hie sau nguoi ta xay dlfIlg cau tnk pha.n clIng:
- Ciu tnle pha.n tan.
- Ciu truc rna. - Philn mem d¢e I~p vm phAn ·eUng. Gie tnjm eua OCB-283 duqe dJ!3!ren eilu tnie ehuAn eua cae tr'!JIl da xu Ii' (SM).
Cac tr~m SM khac nhau th,!c hi¢n cac ch-uc nllng khac nhau.
Tr~m dieu khi~n chfnh (SMC): Th,!c hi~n cac ch-uc nling dieu khien.
Tr~m kEt eu6i tuyen PCM (SMT): Th,!e hi~n cae ehue nang truy nMp cae duong truyen PCM.
Tr~m dieu khien cae thiEt bi ph~ trq (SMA): Th,!e hi~n cae ehUe nang quan Ii' dieh v~.
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Tr~ di~u hanh va bao ducrng (SMM): TIwc hi~n cac chuc nang v~n hanh va blw duong.
Tr~rn g6c thai gian va dOng bQ (SfS): Dieu khien thai gian h¢ tMng.
Tqm dieu khien chuyen rn~ch (SMX): Dieu khi~n rna tr~n chuyen m~ch trung tam.
Ok tr~m dieu khien li~n l~c v6i nhau' thong qua kh6i ghep k~nh li~n tr
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4. Thong so ky Ihu~1 Mue thl;lc hi¢n eua bflt ky h¢ thong chuy6n m~ch nao cling deu phlJ thu¢c
vao tr~ng thai eua n6 (g6m ngii' canh cUQc gQi. dil~u ki¢n ho~t d¢ng).
Cae dung luqng duqc de c~p a mue yen c~u ella vi~c ket n6i. Dqa tren mOi twang tham khao trung blnh, Alcatel CIT dua fa cae tham
so' dung luqng sau:
- Dung luqng t6i da xir Iy cua M th6ng la: 280 CALLS (cu¢c thir/gifiy) theo Khuyen nghi Q543 cua CClrr hay 1.000.000 BHCA (cu¢c goi/gia b~n).
- Dung lugng dau n6i hay dung luqng thi€r l~p tuyen cua rna tr~n chuy6n ffiech chinh co th~ d~t 2048 duang PCM, do v~y cho phep:
+ Xit Iy d€n 25.000 Erlang. + Co the d~u noi c~c dei 200.000 thue bao. + T6i da 60.000 trung ke dugc Mu noi.
S. Nguyen Iy d~1 len 5.1. Nguyen If t6ng quat
O1'u true chuAn g6m 5 ky til, ky til thu 6 dung dV phong eha phat tri€n. 5.2. Quy uac
2 3 4 , 6 i-,,-,- ...
T r r '------ 0., phong '-________ Chue nang
• Kji t'i thi! nMt: Hq pMn tit.
A: Treffi di~u khi
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C: Bang m~ch in. E: Nguon nuai. F: Phfa sau gia may. G: C6ng d:lu noi. P: B¢ keo dai, phat tritn. R: Til may. S: Chan cam, 6 cam.
II. PRAN HI); TRUY NH~P THUE BAO ." 1. Tong quan
PMn h~ truy nh~p thue bao eua AIOOOElO I. cae t6ng d.i v~ tinh (CSN). n6 c6 chilc nang da'u n6i cac thue bao. CSN c6 kha nang ph1,lc v1,l dong thai ca thue bao tuang tv va thue bao s6.
I \.O~'-'='-----"I 8 C~--:--) \.-,...::00 _ M~GDOLleu ALCATEL 1000E 10 r7\
o \!J~M~"='~'""""=-~ \::.J OIA TANG
'-t~tlGV~HAtlH vA BAo Dt1lNO
Htnh 1.3. Giao tie'p ngo{li vi
AIOOOElOe6 cae giao tic!p ben ngoai nhu sau: 1. Thue bao ehe'd¢ 2. 3 ho~e 4 day.
2. Xilm nMp ISDN co sa t6e d¢ 144 Kb/s (2B+D). 3. Xilm nMp ISDN so cap t6e d¢ 2,048 Mb/s (30B+D). 4+5. Lu6ng PCM tieu ehutln (2,048 Mb/s, 32 kenh, CCITT G732).
6+7. Lien ket s6li~u lUang tu ho~e s6 t6e d¢ 64Kb/s ho~e PCM tieu ehUiln.
8. DuOng 56 lieu 64Kb/s (giao thUe X.25, giao tiep Q3) ho~e duang day tuang tg voi t6e d¢ nhi> han 19200 Kb/s (giao thue V.24).
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2. Cae d~e tinh ella thue bao
2.1. Cae d~c Hnh ella thue bao tuang tt!
- Cae duang chi gQi vao ho~c chi gQi fa.
- DuOng n6ng.
- Duong kh6ng tinh cuoc.
- Duong t~o tuycn tue thai.
- Xung tfnh cvoc duang tu nhtln 12 ho~c 16 KHz.
- Duong chuyen xung dao clfc ngu6n. - Cae duong nhern g6m:
+ Duong gQi fa, g9i vao, 2 chieu, 1TU tien. + Duong quay s6 vao tflfe tiep DDI. + DuOng rieng tu nharr lrong m¢t nh6rn.
- Duong 1IU tien VIP.
- Duong l~p ho~c dan chi tiet. - Dich v1;l b~t giU. - Dich vlJ cha gQi.
- Quay l~i con s6 thue bao t\.f d¢ng.
- Dich vlJ tho~i 3 hUdng.
- Ngat cu¢c gQi. - Quay s6 tilt.
- Chuyen tiep gQi.
- G9i l'.li tlf d"ng neu b*n. - Dich vI! v~ng m~t.
- Dich vI!. danh thue.
-T~ caJn gQi fa .
. 2.2. Cae d~e tillh eua thue bao s6:
Cae thue bao s6 co the si'r dlJng mQi dich VIJ nhu d6i vm thue bao luang tl!. Ngoai fa, no con co mOt 'so d~c tinh khac sau:
- D~ch VIJ. m~ng:
+ Chuyen m~ch kenh 64Kq.ts gWa cae thue bao s6. + Chuyen m~ch kenh trong dai tin 300-3400 Hz.
- Dich V1;l tit xa:
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+ Facsimile (Fax) nhom 2 va 3.
+ Facsimile (Fax) nhom 4 (64Kb/s).
+ Video text.
+ Teletex vm Madem kenh B (64Kb/s) ho~c X.25 M ph6i h
+ 64 Kb/s Audio Video text.
+ 64 Kb/s Audia Graphy.
- Cac dich V1,l ph1,l trq:
+ M~ng t6 hqp trong khi g9i. + Quay s6 VaG tn.Jc tiep con s6 pha.n nhi~m.
+ Xung cu6c tren kenh D.
+ Tang gia thanh cu¢c g9i.
+ Chuyen t.~m thai.
+ Li~t ke cac cu¢c g9i kh6ng tdiai.
+ T
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TIme bao s6
TIme bao s6
CSNL
Hinh 1.4. Dtfu n6'· eSN viti mgng
(2-4)lR
CNL
ueN
CNE
CSNL
(2-4) lR
CNL
ueN ~ (2-4)PCM
~ __ C_N_B_. _H ___ - __ / CSNO
Hillh 1.5. ecru true ella eSN
4. Cau true eua CSN
CSN duge phan thanh 2 pMn:
- Dan vi dic!" !'hi
- Cae module t~p !rung 56 (CN).
UeN c6 the 180 n¢i h~t hoq.c v¢ tinh tily thu¢c vao kitu da'u noi vai tcing dai.
CN e6 thtlla b¢ t~p trung nQi h~t (CNL) ho~e b
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v oi hai kitu phan bo' nay, CSN rat m~m deo trong ap dl,mg voi cac dia du kMc nhau tir nhU'ng vung d6ng bang dOng duc dAn cu den nhlIIJ.g noi heo hinh xa xOi, thua thOt dAn cu.
5. Cau true va ehU'e nang eu. UCN
5.1. Chuc nang cu. UCN
Don vj dieu khitin so' (UCN) co chac nang chinh nhu:
- XiI ly cac cu¢c g9i di va g9i den. - Chuytn m~ch va thiet l~p cac cu¢c g9i n¢i h~t (vI CSN co tinh ho~t d¢ng
d
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TIlUe ban -----{~"'~L:J_-___1 ueN
TIlUe baa --{I ::;"'~EJH~-I
Thue baa ----{:::::
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S: Baa hi~u ho~c giam sat - Supervision of Subscriber Terminal. C: B t~p trung v¢ tinh (CNE) c6 the ph.t trien la 20 b(>.
Neu sir dung co CNL va CNE thl so cuc d~i so la 20 CN.
Mdi mi>t CNE c6 the ket noi til 1 til 4 duang PCM. M(>t ICNE cho phep ket noi cuc d~i 42 PCM.
co toi da Iii 20 CNE dugc ket noi tm m~ng chuyen m~ch.
18 2(1) -188
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0 r-l 1 " Thue baa CNL 3 r-l
2 -4 LRI
H,Q;C t7--,--- 42 LRI ; ~C Thue baa - CNE i; TS16 \ ,
Bang k chuyen
€t n6'i m~ch
rl ,.., L-- 1 -4 PCM 1-4 LRI
H,Q.;C ICNE
H~ ,---
Thue baa ;
1 - CNE i
" , , RCX
L-- 1 - 4 PCM r-1 1 4 LRI -
Hlnh 1.7. Kit nt/i cae h9 ph(m tcJp trung so' (eN) viii m;zng ddu n6'i
7. Ket no; cua cae deln vi tham nh~p thue bao so vii OCB-283
7.1. Ket noi nQi h~t
Ok dan vi thAm nh~p thue bao s6 n¢i h~t (CSNL) dugc da'u n6i trlfc tiep vai m,!ng di(u noi eua EIO bang tlr 2 d€n 16 du1mg m,!ng (RL). Hai duang m,!ng dAu tien mang bao hi~u so 7 tren khe thOi gian 16 (TSI6). khe so 0 (TSO) khong dugc sir dl:Illg dl! mang tho;;ti, con cac TS16 khac khong mang bao hi~u so 7 thi se dugc sir d1,lng cho kenh tho;;ti.
Bao hi~u PCMO : TSI6.
Kenh tho,!i
PCM1 : TSI6.
PCMO : TS1 den TSI5. PCM1 : TS17 den TS31. PCM2-PCMI5: TS1 den TS31.
7.2. Ket noi v~ tinh
cae dan vi tham nMp thue bao s6 v¢ tinh (CSND) dU'ie di(u noi va; m~ng diiu n6i qua dan vi dau n6i ghep kenh (SMT). Co tlr 2 den 16 PCM dU'ie sir d~ng M di(u n6i va; CSND. TSO khong dU'ie sir d~ng M mang tho~.
TS16 neu khong mang thong tin bao hi~u C7 thl du'ic sir d~ng eho thong tin tho;;ti.
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Thut bao eNL CCtTT SS7
o
RCX li'---1-'-=----I "CX 15
Thut bao --l CNE 2 - 16 LR
Bao hi~u
Kenh tho
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CSN duqe thiet ke eho m~ng s6 da djeh v~ (ISDN), nen cae CSN co th~ ph~e v~ eho eae kieu dau n6i sau da.y:
- Cae duang thue bao tuang tlf 2 ho~c 4 day. - Qic duimg thue bao so t6c dQ co sa 144 Kb/s (2B+D), kenh D t6c d¢ 16 Kb/s. - Cae duang PCM dau noi tai cae tcing dai ea quan (PABX) t6c d¢ sa cap
2,048Mb/s (30B+D). konh D toe dQ 64 Kb/s'.
D~ hieu r5 van de nay, hay xern xet hlnh ve sa do dau n6i ella cae thue bao tai CSN.
CNLM: B¢ t~p trung s6 n¢i h~t cho cae thue bao tuang lI! va thue bao s6. CNEM: B¢ t1,l.p trung s6 v¢ tinh cho cae thue bao wang tlf va thue bao s6.
2·4 LRJ
PABX 2048 Kb $
UCN
[~;;:::}--'''''''~''~''-' _~ CHEM TN' 2 • 4 MIC (Pt.IC)
PABX 2048 Kbp$
Hinh 1.10. Cac thue bao ddu n6, va; CSN
V 6i cae ket n6i rna CSN co the ph~c Vl,l nhu tren co the n6i rang, 51! phat tritn ella tcing dai di¢n tu s6 Alcatel 1000ElO la ehla kh6a trong phuong thue phat trien m~ng toan du ella Alcatel. N6i den m~g toan du la de e~p den mqi d~eh v~ .dang ton t,!i va cae dieh v~ rna khach hang yeu du trong wang lai.
M,:lflg toan d.u cua Akatel bao gom rn~ng tho'!i va 51! phlit trien ella no thanh m,!ng ISDN, cae m~ng s6 li¢u va rn~ng gia tri gia tang khae. D~e bi¢t m,!ng gia tfi gia tang la m~ng xiI 19 cae ban tin va Video Text. Cae m~ng thong minh, cae h¢ th6ng vo tuyen te bao, cae m~ng v~n hanh bao duong va cu6i clmg Iii s~ pMt trien thanh m~ng ISDN diti r¢ng B-ISDN sit d~ng ky thu~t truyi!n dan bat dOng b¢ AlM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode).
21
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Ill. T6 CHilc mtiu KHIfN OCB . 283 TO ehue diEu khi~n OCB-283 la t6 hc!p eua phan h~ k€t n6i dieu khien va
v~n hanh bao duong.
1. Cau true phiin eUng
- BT: Thai gian ca sa. - COM: B¢ dieu khien chuy~n rn~ch. - URM: B¢ dieu khien trung k€. - ETA: Quan tri thi€t bi ph~ trq. - PUPE: B¢ dieu khien giao thue bao hi¢u s67. - pc: BQ diEu khien bao hi~u s6 7. - MR: B¢ xiI Iy g9i. - TR: B¢ quaD trt s6 li¢u ca sa (B¢ phien dich). - TX; Tinh eucre va do huang lUll tho~i. - GX: Quan Iy rna tr~n ehuyen rn~eh. - OM: V ~n hanh va bao duong. - MQ: Phan ph6i bim tin.
Phan he tmy nh¥P Ihue DaD ,-----.-. , , : CSNL -0+: _~~~~__'L"'R'_I
, : CSNO , :(CSED) ++--1 M~ch va thiet bj
thOng bao ghi san
"'N
PGS .'!!.
Canh bilo
SM'
Ccmmunication muH~1ex
HinTz 1.11. Cau true chuc nang cua ui chuc dieu khiin OCB - 283
-
Mbi m¢t chuc nang clla t6 chuc di~u khitn duqc phan b6 thea ctfu truc clla cac tr~: SMC, SMA, SMT, SIS, SMX, va SMM. Cac chuc nang clla cac tr~rn la tuang ung vOi dc kh6i chuc nang trong t6 chuc di~u khitn OCB-283.
1.1. Tr~m dieu khi€n ehlnh . SMC
1.1.1. Chri'c nang cua trq.m dilu khiln chinh - SMC
- MR: Chuc nang xiI 15' g9i: MR th1!c hi~n chue nang thi~t l~p va giiii ph6ng cho cac cu¢c th6ng tin.
MR dua ra dc quy~t dinh can thi~t d~ xiIly cac cUQc th6ng tin voi cac danh rnl,lc ve bao hi~u nh~n duqc, sau khi tham khao s61i~u ca sa clla thue bao trong b¢ bien dich con so' (TR) neu dn thi~t n6 se xiI ly cu¢c g9i moi, I~nh chuytn m,!ch thiet l~p, ng~t dau noi va giiti ph6ng thiet bi.
Ngoai ra, MR con thl!C hi¢n chuc nang quan tri khac nhu: dieu khitn kitm tra trung ke, cac quan tr~ic ...
- TR: Chuc nang quan tri so' li~u ca sa: TR con duqc g9i Hi b¢ bien dtch. TR dam nhi~m chuc nang quan tri bien
djch, phAn dch, quan tri ca sa dit li¢u cila cac thue bao trung ke. TR ho trq cho MR, yeu cau tit MR cac d~c dnh clla thue bao va trung ke-
can thiet cho vi¢c thiet l~p va giai phong th6ng tin.
TR con co nhi¢m V':l ph6i hqp gWa con so' quay so' nh~n duqc vai dja chi clla trung ke ho~c thue bao (tien pM.n tich, phAn tich, bien djch).
- TX: Chuc nang linh cUtJC cho cac cu¢c th6ng tin;
TX th1!c hi~n:
+ Tinh toan s61uqng eucrc cho tUng cUQc th6ng tin.
+ Llfl.I tri! s61i¢u cuac cho tUng thue bao duqc t6ng dlti chuytin nweh ph':lc 'V\l. + Cung etfp cae th6ng tin e4n thiet eho vi¢c Hfy h6a d
-
Dong thai, ox thvc hi¢n chilc n;lng ghim sat cac ket noi cu6i cua cac thanh phan d~ll n6i (cae duong xarn nh~p LA va cac duemg n¢i o¢ tai LCXE) dinh ky ho~c thea yell cau tit cac duang nhat dinh.
- PC:DUiu khi~n quan tri baa hi¢u s67.
PC thvc hi¢n cac chuc nang:
+ Quan tri rn~ng (m¢t phan cua rnuc 3) + PhOng v¢ PUPE. + Cae chuc nang quan trae khac rna khOng li~n quan trvc tiep den bao hi¢u
so 7 cua CcnT. - MQ: Phan phO"i ban tin.
MQ c6 chuc nang djnh huang cac ban tin, n6 thvc hi¢n vi¢c pha.n phoi va sap xep cac ban tin ben trong nao d6 giUa cac co quan cua tcing dai: MR, TX, URM, ETA, OM ... (Nh~n ban tin, ghi vaa b¢ nha, phan tfch va t~o ban tin khac).
M¢t d.ch tcing quat MR thvc hi¢n cac chuc nang sau:
+ Oiam sat cac cu¢c dau nei ban c6 djnh (cac duong du li¢u). + Chuy~n giao ban tin giUa cac ghep k~nh th6ng tin (chuc nang c6ng).
Ngoai ra, SMC can thvc hi~n rn¢t s6 chuc nang khac nhu:
- Dieu khi€n thOng tin (CC)
- Xu ly phan ap d~ng diem ph~c v~ bao hi~u (SSP). - os: Quan tri cac djch Vl,l, ap dl;lng SS7. Tuy nhien, tily thu¢c va~ cau hlnh va luu luqng xu ly rna rn¢t ho~c nhieu
chuc nang tren duqc cai d~t trong cimg rn9t tr~rn SMC.
1.1.2. Vi tri ella trlJ.m die'u khiln chinh - SMC
Tr
-
1.1.3. Cau truc chuc nting cUa trq.m dieu khiin chinh - SMC
*" Cdu true t6ng quelt cua m{}r trgm die'u khiln Cau true g8m:
- M¢t ho~e nhieu b¢ xu IY. - M¢t ho~e nhieu b¢ ket noi thong minh.
cae dem vi tren ket noi v6i nhau bang bus .va trao d6i soli~u qua 1 b¢ nh6 chung. Phuong thue xay dvng tr;;t.m dieu khi~n dVa tren phuong thue ap dl).ng h¢
th6ng Aleatel 8300. Bus noi hi) 32 bit
JI Jl 1'--------1 , , Bo< ritng I , , ,
BONH(I i o¢mN61 i &) B¢ NH(I N¢IB¢ I HOAC 00 NH(I I
XUL't illNG ---.-;.- i HO~CB¢'XULYI B¢ NH(I CHUNG
I I I ' I I I '
If ,_ I
1 V 8511 10 bll V
Hlnh 1.12. Cdu true rring quat eua mt}l frq.m diell khMn
Cau truc ev th~ eua m¢t tr uh6 chung CM. - Ok Coupler d
-
26
* Cau true tr~ die'u khiln chinh - SMC
r---,,----------,----, ""'-L __________ ~~
MASl MAS4
Hinh 1.14. Cdu true tn;lm die'u khiln ehinh - SMC
Tr~m SMC bao g6m:
- M¢t Coupler chinh dau n6i v6i m~ch yang thong tin (CMP). - M¢t dcm vi xu II' chinh PUP. - M
-
Tn:lm dieu khitn chinh - SMC duqc t6 chuc xung quanh m¢t bus tieu chuAn BSM (BSM 1. bus 16 bit, con gQi 1. bus gifta cac tf
-
local Bus (BLl
t t t OTHER ACUTR3
ACMSC .. ' ... PROCESSOR (ACUfR4) D
i i i i . BSM (Bus tram da XII ly) - S6' fuqng:
Trang cau truc cua tr~rn dieu khi~n chinh - SMC, tr~rn SMC c6 tai 5 bang ACUTR.
Viec phan b6 bang ACUTR cho bl) xu ly ehlnh (PUP) va bl) xu ly ph~ (PUS) nhu sau:
- I bang ACUTR th~c hi~n ehue nang xu ly chlnh (PUP) - 4 bang ACUTR thue hi?n chue nang xu ly phu (PUS) * Bang ACMCS - Vai (ro:
ACMCS ia bang nha chung i6Mb cua ca.c tr~rn dieu khi€n cua OCB-283. N6 duqc bao v~ bang rna sua sai va c6 th€ xarn nh~p th6ng qua bus BSM va BL.
- Vi Irf:
ACMCS giao tiep vai:
- Bus BSM vai vi~c xarn nh~p co uu tien. Bus so' li~u la 1 bus 16 bit cho dia chi nha hem 16Mb, va la 32 bit cho dia chi narn trong khoang 16Mb den 4GB. D~ h01).t d¢ng duqc bang nay phai duqc n6i v6i bang xu 19 chinh (con gQi la bang chu - Master) qua BSM.
- Bus BL la bus x.am nh~p nhanh den bang chu. Bus dja chi iii 1 bus 32 bit va n6 chi xam nh~p den bus dja chi < 16Mb. DuOng dau n6i voi bang chu qua bus BL kh6ng phii 1. duang thiet you doi v6i s~ ho~t dl)ng eua bing nay.
* Cae bdng ACAlAIACAlB - Vai Ira:
Cie bing ACAJA/ACAJB duqe g9i 1. e~p bitng ket noi (Coupler). Coupler duqc to chuc xung quanh 1 MP 68020 cho phep dau 1 tr;;trn rna trong tr~m gam 1 bus BSM den rn~ch vong thong tin (Tokenring). Coupler duqc cai d~t phan mern phu hqp voi chuc nang dau n6i:
- Neu d
-
- Neu dau noi voi m~ch Yang thong tin MAS thl gQi III CMAS. Coupler chfnh (CMP) la Coupler c6 th~ phl,lc Vl,l cho nhi¢m Vl,l khai t
-
Co hai b¢ t~ thfch nghi (Adaptor). mgt d~t trong ACAJA. m¢t d~t trong ACAJB. Hai bang ACAJA. ACAJB duqc n6i v6i nhau qua 1 bus rieng a sau gia may. Ngu6n cung c
-
- Tr~m bi nguOi dieu h~tnh khoa: AM = SMC! AF = TR! AF = TX! AF = MR! AF=PCA AF=MQ! AF = OX!
STATUS = BLOM STATUS = NES STATUS =NES STATUS = NES STATUS = NES STATUS = NES STATUS = NES
- Tr~m ho~t dOng (tr~ng thai blnh thuang):
AM = SMC3 STATUS = INDL AF = TR! STATUS = INDL AF=TX! STATUS = INDL AF=MR! STATUS = INDL AF=PCA STATUS = INDL AF=MQ! STATUS = INDL AF= OX! STATUS = INDL
- Tr~m ho~t dOng (tr~ng thai binh thuang):
AM= SMC3 STATUS = INIT AF = TR! STATUS = INIT AF = TX! STATUS = ES AF = MR! STATUS = ES AF=PCA STATUS = ESRE AF=MQ! STATUS = ES AF= OX! STATUS = ES
1.1.6. Phong .4 * Nguyen I-y plu3ng tudn theo cae builc sau: - MOt tr~m tl! nh~n bi€t sai lei cua no va bao cao cac sai IOi n~ng cho mOi
·uang xung quanh no. MOi truemg xung quanh thl!c cMft 13. mOt t~p hqp cac o vi xU ly co cau truc da muc va co chuc nAng c¢ng tac de nh~n biet sai lei.
- MOt tr~m duqc tr~m ngoru dieu khitin. Nhb co sl! cOng tac cua mOi truang 1a lei khOng b! lay Ian tit tr~m nay den tr~m kia.
3!
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- Thong bao 16i trong OCB-283: Khi co 16i thl neu 16i n~ng tr'.lrn co th~ bi khoa khi do ltru lugng xi! ly co th~ bi gian dO'.ln ngay t'.li thai diem khm t'.lo tr'.lm.
- Tr'.lm xi! ly m
-
- Ok b¢ t~o Tone GT.
- QUlin trj d6ng h6 Clock.
- C:ic b¢ thu phat baD hi~u s6 7 cua CCITT.
Trong d6 RGF, CCF, GT, Clock n~m trong kh6i chllc nang ETA con b¢ thu philt bao hi~u s6 7 cua CCITI nam trong khoi chuc nang PUPE. PUPE thl!c hi¢n 2 chuc nang:
- Xu ly bim tin bao hi~u (muc 2). - T~o tuyen ban tin (mt)t philn trong muc 3).
E GT
T RGF
A CCF
ClOCK
LR e-
-
- I Coupler ehinh CMP.
~ Tuy thea dung luqng xu 19 cu¢c gQi can thie't rna SMA co the co:
+ I dan vi xu ly ehfnh PUP. + I dan vi xu ly ph~ pus.
- I den 12 Couplers eho:
+ Xu ly tin hi¢u tie-ng (CfSV). + Bao hieu da giao thue (CSMP). + Quan tri d6ng h6 (Clock).
* crsv co th~ xu 19 cae chuc nang sau: - T~o Hill so, thu Hill 56. - Tho~i h¢i nght.
- T
-
1.2.4. D{lng v~t Ij cua lr{lm dieu khiin thilt hi pht;t trq ~ SMA
* Cifu true v~t If eua lr{lm SMA: SMA duqc t6 chilc xung quanh m¢t bus BSM tieu chuiln 16 bit. Ole bang
m~ch in khac nhau duqc n6i v6i bus nay va su dl,mg no lam phuong ti~n traa d6i thong tin.
16 bimg m~ch co th~ duqc dau noi vai bus BSM.
- Bang ACAJA va ACAJB thl!c hi¢n chuc nang quan tri va traa dt'5i th6ng tin qua MAS.
- 1 ACMCQ ho~c ACMCS cung cap bl) nha cho tr~m.
- 1 ACUTR thuc hi~n chilc nang xu ly chinh (PUP). - 1 ACUTR thuc hi~n chilc nang xif ly phu (PUS). - C1,rc d~i co 12 bang thl!c hi~n cac chuc nang rieng bi¢t clla tr~m SMA:
+ 1 ho~c nhi.'!u bang ICTSH. + I ha~c nhieu bang ACHIL. + 1 bang ICHOR. Ngaai ra con co m¢t s6 blmg kh6ng duqc da'u noi voi bus BSM, do Ia:
- 1 cap bang ICID dung giao tiep SMA va SMX.
- 1 bang ACALA de thu th~p va phat hi~n dnh baa trang SMA dua den m~ch vang canh bao MAL.
MAS LRA t Rn . MAl .
SAB IClD IUD I ACALAr-
I I IN 'I BL
L.... 5,
A A I r4- A I 'A A A C C C C C C C C C A A T II II T U U M J J s 0 I S T T C
4 B A II R L II R R s ftIt f BSM tt tt ~ 48v double 5, distributioQ
Hinh 1.19. Cdu true v(it Iy tr(lm SMA
35
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Cau true nAy e6 1IU diem lilcho phep mil r¢ng kha nang ellu hlnh: Vi d~, t'li cung m~t thOi diem co the tang khi ni'ing xu ly cu¢c gQi va dung lUQ'Ilg ding nhu kha nang vl!n hilnh thea yeu cau (ph~ thu¢e vilo 56 luqng kieu bang ip d~ng).
* Chuc nang eua cac kii'u bang mt;lch in trong cau true vqt ly cua trqm SMA • Chue nang do ph~n mem ETA th~e hien:
- Xu Iy g9i:
+ Nh~n biet va xu Iy cae t~n 56 (bio hieu ghi phit). + Quan tri ca.c ngu6n thu phat tan s6. + Ph
-
8 t~n so. Cac th6ng s6 su d1;lng cho b¢ t
-
+ Xir ly d.c cu¢c g9i analog (lUP) ISDN va d.c tin hi~u kba.c nhau trong lffC. Vi~c Iva ch9n dU
-
N6 can cac bim tin phai duqc xac nh~n va phai c6 nhan.
N6 phai nh~n biet duqc slJ tr6i pha d~ tninh vi¢c dieu chinh I~i thai gian trong trlIang hqp mat thai gian d¢t ngQt khi bi hong phan cUng .
• Chue nang eua bang ket n6i ACAJA/ACAJB:
Coupler ACAJA/ACAJB dung dau n6i tr~m SMA vai m~eh vong tMng tin MAS ph~c v~ cho vi¢c trao d6i thong tin 2 chitu vrn cac dan vi dieu khitn.
Oic thong tin sau day se dlIqc traa d6i giua SMA va MAS:
- Baa hi¢u kenh rieng (CAS) tir eae bang ICTSH (nh~n biet cae tAn ,6 am thanh).
~ Cac ban tin (vaa/ra), dc phan ap dl,mg trong cac b¢ xiI 1:5' clla SMA (cac ban tin don vi, cac ban tin bao hi¢u s6 7) .
• Chuc nAng cua bang ICID:
Day Ht m
-
1.3.1. Vai tra ella tr{lm dieu khiln trung ke - SMT
* SMT thl,le hi¢n ehue nang giao tiep gifra PCM va trung tam ehuytn m~eh. Cae duemg PCM den trung tAm ehuyen m~eh tir:
+ Trung tAm ehuy~n m~eh khae.
+ Dan vi xam nh~p thue bao s6 a xa (CSND). + B
-
"" ) J[ JC
QuinUi 11 ...............'.+H ................ ~ ....... .
MOdUle,' r -h logic nh.\In hi.!! 0 .
-
phan sau:
- I d~u kEt n6i PCM g6rn 4 bang TCTRI (TCTRI con g9i I. bang biEn d6i rna TRANSCODER). Moi bang cho 1 PCM va chung thvc hi~n chuc nang sau:
+ Phfa thu: Bi€n d6i rna HDB3 thanh rna co s6 2 va kh6i phl,lC tfn hi~u dong b¢ tu
duemg truyen.
+ Phia phat: Bien d6i rna co s6 2 thanh rna HDB3 va dong b¢ nQi h~t.
~ 1 Logic nh~n biet e6 eau true kep g9i la LACO va LACl. Chung thlfe hi¢n ehue nang sau:
+ Dong b¢ dong ho tai t~o tit duemg truyen v6i dong ho il¢i h~.t cua t6ng dai. + Nh~n bi€t canh bao. + Xii 19 rna CRC4 nh~n duqc. + DAu n6i cae kenh tieng va kenh 56 li~u. + Chiet bao hi¢u tu TS16. + Chen bao hi¢u vao TS16. + Tfnh toan va chen CRC4. Mbi LAC do rn9t bang ICMOD thvc hi~n va rn6i I LAC do I LOGUR
di6u khitn (LACO do LOGURO, LACI do LOGURI). ~~-~~~~-~~-,
: Logic kA"! n6i PCM , , , , , CA ,
Mach chuy'n ~ , , : I Kh61 t16ng b¢ Kh61,*, d6ima ' , , , , , 7\ t , , , , , , , ,
Mach blG"n
I ,
Mi,lCh ch~n j:; , d6lm.!! ,
, il&ml. , , , , , , , , CTM , , , TMtyc Truy," dAn , , Nh(1n , , M¢1d1~n I=t , c;lnh b~o b80 hl~u (pM! baD hl(lu , , , CRCO MohlAu) , ,
d6i ma , , , , , 1
, , , , i' e , '"' , , , , , , , , , S: , M~ch chuyln F. ,
-
* rd chue eua LOGUR: * vi tn Clla LOGUR ben trong tr~m SMT:
QulIn trj 0 "'" "" Quoin LrjO .. ...,. ~
Logic Logic ~ n~D bi!!'tO nhi!JI bi!!'t °
(Module 0-7) (Module 0-7)
Logic ke't clllft PCM (MIlCh o;:huylq &'Ii mK)
J logic 0 ,eM logic 0
• • •
Hinh 1.22. Vi trf Clia LOGUR (rong trqrn SMT
M¢t nih h¢ thong co khii nang xUly toim b¢luu luqng clla ca 32 PCM. SI/ ll!a ch9n Logic ACTIVE do bang gh'im sat SMT thl/c hi¢n bao gam cac yeu cau sau:
- Yeu cau chuy~n d6i dinh kyo
- yeu cau chuyen d6i khi m~t hO'.1t d¢ng co 51/ co.
- Yeu ca.u chuy~n d6i bang nM.n congo
- Yeu cau chuy~n d6i thea l¢nh nguai - may.
* Cau t'.1o clla LOGUR: - M¢t LOOUR quan tri 8 logic nh~n biet (8LAC) c6lien quan. N6 quan tri
thong tin hai chieu v6i LOGUR khac va cac phan tu ben ngoai.
- Cac chilc nang k~ tren do 3 b¢ vi xUly thl/c hi¢n.
- Hai b¢ vi xu Iy phl,l trg A.va B thl!c hi~n cac chilc nang chuyen m'.1ch va quan trj canh bao tU cac logic c6 lien quan (lCPRO-A va ICPRO-B).
- M¢t b¢ xUly chinh thl!c hi¢n cac chilc nang quan tri trao d6i, dieu khi~n cac cCng vi¢c do cac b(> xu I)' trong ICPRO-A va ICPRO-B th~c hi¢n. M¢t b¢ nha trao d6i de thl!C hi~n thong tin qua l'.1i giua cac b¢ xu1y chinh va cac b¢ xu I)' ph~ va trao d6i thong tin voi logic khac (bang ICMEC).
- Cac b¢ nha chung cho cac b¢ xu Iy ng0'.1i vi gam cac bang bien dbi rna du'lc sir d~ng cho bao hi¢u CAS (b:l.ng ICCfM).
43
-
- SI,l trao d6i giiia cac tqm ditu khi~n duqc thl,lc hi¢n qua m¢t Coupler dA'u n6i v&i m~ch vang MAS (bang ACAJA va ACAJB).
- Bang lCDlM thl,lc hi¢n giao tiep giiia MAS va lCPRO va giiia Coupler v6i cac module de phat vA thu tin hi¢u bao hi¢u CAS.
'" Tfnh mooule:
- Co 2 LOGUR 1 va LOGURO duqc cili d~t trong SMT.
- Cac module: Co tir 1 den 8 module trang 1 SMT. M6i module duqc dA'u n6i den vai 4 PCM.
+ 4 ICTR 1 duqc 1 bang ICTRM h6 trq (ICT.RM con gQi la bang chlnh). + Hai bang ICMOD, m¢t bang do LOGURO dieu khi
LOGURI dieu khi
44
(~ ______________ "~A~' ______________ ~ \ ............. -................................. + .... ···· .. ···················::;·~~:r~~·~l i r-1 loIod~1e l1'li0
-
1.3.4. Cdu true v{it Ij ella SMT
- I SMT duqc l~p d~t trong 2 ngan.
- Co 12 kieu bang rn~eh in: + Coupler (CMP): ACAJA va ACAJB. + 6 biing kitlu bang t~ thleh nghi v6i bi) dieu khien PCM: ICPRO, ICDIM,
ICSDT, ICCTM, ICCLA, ICMEC.
+ Logic nh~n biet: ICMOD. + Ket eu6i PCM: ICTR + Coupler dnh bao ACALA.
+ ChQn l~a nhanh: ICID. - Co thi l~p e~e d.i 49 bang + 4 bang ngu6n (cho 32 PCM).
t
i , I ~~,
lOGUR 0
1 :[ ~ .. )BQ xltlS' phI,! tr9 .' ,
;--- I--10
' .~
":~;~~t I TOI logic nh~n bi't I~I~I~
, , , Module 4-7 Module ()..3
1 1 r n
I • co j I '" j Hlnh 1.24. C4u true vgt Iy eua SMf
1.4. Tr~m d6ng b(l vii IhOi gian C(1 sa - STS
1.4.1. Vai Iro eria Ir~m dUng bl) va Ihiii gian eu su- STS
~::..:::.~
, ,
,
STS dua ra cae tin hi?u dinh thOi va d6ng b(). N6 phan phat tin hi?u dinh thOi den cae tr~m khac cua tOng dai, truyen tin hi?u 8MHz va tin hi~u d6ng b() khung t61 rnoi nhanh eua rna tr~n chuyen rn~eh trung tam. Hai tin hi¢u nay
45
-
duqc sao ra 3 ban roi giri tm tr~m chuy~n rn",ch.
1.4.2. Vi trf ella trqm dong b¢ va thOi gian erY so ~ STS Xern hlnh I, 2, 3 ve cau true phan clhIg cua Al OOOEI 0, ta nh~n thay vi tTf
cua tr~rn STS duqc xac d~nh nhu sau:
Tr~rn STS dau noi vai rna tr~n chuy~n rn~ch trung tam d€ thllc hi¢n phan phoi tin hi¢u d~nh thai tai cac tr'.l-rn va nh~n dn hi¢u dong b9 tir ben ngoai.
Ngoai ra, srs noi vai MAL. 104.3. ctiu true eua tr{lm dong bl) va thOi gian erY so ~ STS * C (tlf trlle STS g6m: - 1 be) giao tiep thai gian co so dong b¢ co ciu t'.l-o b¢i 3 (BIT).
- 1 giao tiep dong b¢ ngoai co cau t'.l-o kep (HIS).
- Dan vj d6ng b¢ co th€ nh~n tin hi¢u tit 4 duang rCM. BIT duqc t'.l-o tir 3 bang rn~ch in RCHOR.
HIS duqc t~o tir 1 den 2 bimg RCHIR.
Tr'.l-m co 3 ch€ d¢ ho .... t d¢ng la:
- D6ng bi) (dF/F
ReHOR
~ t-----+ osc 2
Hlnh 1.25. Ctfu true ella srs
-
* Vai Iro eua eae khoi trang ei{u Irue SIS * Vai tro clla giaa tiep vai cac dong h6 dong b¢ ngoai -HIS - Cac giao tiep dong bl) ngoai Ht cac dan V! d6ng b¢ dugc thi€t k€ cho cac
m~ng dong be) str dl,mg phuong thuc chu - ta vai nhh~u dau van va duqc qu{m tT! thea thu tl! lfU tien. Neu 1 ho~c nhieu dau van co sl! co thl vi¢c thi!!t l~p I~i chung dugc thl!c hi¢n m¢t cach tl! dl)ng thee nguyen 19 da xac dinh twac.
- Chung su dl,mg cac tin hi~u dong ho dugc tai t~o tir cac trung ke va tir cac tT~m dau cu6i PCM.
- Chung thl!c hi~n cac chuc nang quan tr! cac duang dong b¢ bang quan td cac tin hi~u canh bao tren cac rCM tuang ung.
- Chung dam bao chat luqng tan s6 vai d¢ chinh xac cao nhat thea yeu cau.
- Tninh mat dong b¢ bang each su dl,lng 1 b¢ dao d¢ng co dQ 6n d~nh rat cao.
* Vai tro cua co sa thai gian - BIT - Philn b6 cae tin hi¢u thai gian d.n thiet den cac tr
-
- D¢ 6n d!nh cua tan s6 d6ng h6 n~y khoang 4.10- 10 dugc duy td trong yang 72 gia.
* Vung BIT a tr~ng thai dao d¢ng tt; do: - 2 giao tiep dong b¢ ngoai kh6ng ho~t d¢ng.
- BIT kh6ng co d6ng b¢ ngoai.
- BIT sir dl:J.llg tan s6 do ban thAn n6 t~o ra (n6 ho~t d(mg nha tan s6 twoc khi mat HIS va do chinh la tan so cua RCHOR).
- D¢ 6n d!nh cua tan s6 dong ho nay khoang 4.10-6 dugc duy tri trong yang 72 gio.
'" Vung dao d¢ng tl! do:
- Tr~m duqc su d1}ng rna kh6ng can dong b¢.
- D¢ chinh xac tan s6 do nha may slm xuat thiet b! dinh ra.
- Thong thuimg d¢ 6n dinh khoang 10'.
1.4.5. SI! phan ph6i thOi gian den cae Ir~m
ReHOR o
ReHOR 1
ReHOR 2
a MHz va ~m d6ng b() khung
SMXA
SMXB
SMA SMT
LR +4 Mhz and STB
H'inh 1.26. SI! pha.n phD'i thili gian den cac trr.;.m
Cae xung nhjp tu 3 b¢ dao d¢ng duqe phan phoi den cae trern qua SMX. Tr
-
- Vai CSNL qua duang LR.
- V6i tr~m dieu khien tcung ke' - SMT.
- Vai tr
4(ij-188 49
-
+ Ll!a chQn. + Khuech d
-
1.5.3. Chqn It!a va khue'ch dtJi chqn It!a nhtinh - SAB SAB duqc Hlp d~t lIong cae ngao may eoa cae don vi dau n6i d~ kt!t nOi
vOi h~ th6ng rna tr~n chuyen m~ch.
Cae dan vi nay trong OCB-283 g6m cae tr~m CSNL. SMA. SMT g9i chung Ut dan vj dau n6i UR.
Chuc nang chfoh eua SAB 13. giao tiep giii'a UR vui hai phfa eoa rna tr~n chuy~n m~ch chtl (phia A va phia B).
SAB thu va phat cae duang xam nh~p LA tu cae UR tm va t~o fa cae dubng LR (LRA cho rna tr~n chuyen m~ch chtl phfa A va LRB cho rna tI~n chuytn m~ch eM phia B).
SAB thlJc hi~n va xu ly cae chue nang sau: - Khuech d~i cae duong rna tr~n thu va phiit.
- Thieh dng 8 bit/16 bit.
- Xu 1y 3 bit di6u khi~n. - Chqo Iva phfa chuy~n m
-
52
1.5.4. Ma tr~n chuyin m~ch chu - MCX
Cae LCXE voi cae con s6 dong nha"t duqc ghep vao cung vi trf ella SMX.
2
0
- ~ 256 LRE I 1 55 2
ILR ~ 3
~ 4 MAT ~ 5 2048 x 256
~ 6
~ 7 ,. 8 0
56 - il 256 LREJ 1 11 2
2
5 IlR
~3
I~ 4 MAT
I~ 5 2048 x 256
:~ 6
I~ 7
I~ 8 1
792
- H 256 LRE 1 047 2 2
IlR I~ 3 I~ 4 MAT ~ 5 2048 x 256 ~ 6
~ 7
~ 8 7
ILR
J 256 LRS I I
COlJP· -MAT.
~ 85M
IlR
256 LRS
COlip. - MAT.
il 85M
IlR
J 256 LRS I
Coup, -MAT.
11 85M
SMX1
eMP
%
SMX2
eMP
J
SMX8
eMP
JL
0
25 5
r-- M A 5
25
51
r-
6
M A 5
179 2
20
r-47
" A 5
H'inh 1.29. Ctiu true m{Jf phia ella rna Irqn chuyin mf:lch cflu - MCX
-
* C(i'u tq.O CLla MCX - MCX gam hai phia A va B (con gqi HI rn~t A va rn~t B).
- Ve g6e d¢ phan cling n6 duqe hinh thanh tir cae trt rna tr~n ehuyen rnl;leh thai gian co dung luqng qre dl;li lil 2048 duang
rna tn}n vao va 256 duang rna tr~n ra.
53
-
256 lRE
~ Giao di¢n kel n6i rna Ir~n
256 lCXE
+ B(I kel n6i
chinh
it 85M Ma tr~n pMn chia IhOi gian ~~
B(I kl'!t n6i I ghtp k~nh chfnh Giao di¢n kl'!l n6i rna tr~n
I +
Ghep k~nh truy nh~r tram 256 lRS
Hill" 1.30. T 6 eMe SMX
* Philn giao tiep l¢nh: Vai tro eua philn na-y lil:
~ Nh~n tit MAS cae l¢nh do tr~m SMC chuyen tai.
- Viet va d9C cae b~ nha l¢nh rna tr~n dau n6i.
- Diilu khien xiI lY.
- Phat cac dap ung tai cac tr~m SMC.
T{ri SM X khac
Max 179 2 LCXE
- Giao tiep vai SIS: ThAn thu thea chqn ll!a "chinh" tit cac dong ho duqc phan bd b¢i 3 tit STS toi tdng dai.
B¢ xiI ly va chuc nang ket n6i (coupling) den MAS gi6ng nhu hi) xiI ly c6 trong SMC.
54
Co 3 kieu bang m~ch in:
+ Coupler chinh CMP: ACAJA, ACAJB.
+ Coupler rna tr~n: RCMP.
-
MAS
BQ ktt n6i rna 1$1
A A I c c C A A H TIl dAy Bus dtn rna 1$ J J 0
• A R -
T T BSM CMP Hl'nh 1.31. B¢xLtlj MAS
* Pharr giao tiep duang rna tr~n ReID: Th1!C hi¢n chue nang sau:
~ Giao tiep vai duong rna tr~n di den ho~c di tu thiet bi ChQll IlJ3 nhanh SAB, tile la:
+ Phan b6 cae dUCmg rna tr~n nay trong m¢t d~g phD. hgp v6i cae rna tr~n lrto ca.c pM.n tir rna tr~n ella tat ca d.c tr~m chuy~n ffi;;Ich khac nhau ella nhanh.
+ Phal cae tin tue nh:)n duqc tu rna tr~n ella chuy~n n'J.
-
156 LRE +
156 LRS
16LRE 16 LCXE
16LRS I RCID1 I 16 LCXS
I RCID2 I
" I RCID16 L
Max 1792 LCXE t::ao thanh tiI 112 RCID ", kct hqp vOl 75MX
Ma tr~ll Mun61
....
Hlnh 132. Phan giao tiep dlfirng rna tnjn ReID
1.5.5. Phong l'~ dd'u mil
* Thutjt toan phong v¢ d{i'u n61 cau true eua h¢ thong dtlu noi OCB-283 co eau t~o kep, si'r d~ng 2 phia
dong nhtlt. Oie dau n6i duqe thVe hi¢n t~i ca 2 phia m¢t eaeh dong thai. Cau tnk kep nay duqc cung cap den ea UR.
Ok dau noi phai duqc theo d6i, quan 19 d€ biet duqc sV co co the xay ra trong tirng phia. Neu m¢t phia cua ehuyen m~eh co sV co ho~c hong hoan toan thlluu luqng cung kh6ng bj giam.
Ma tr~n chuytin m~ch chu thve hi¢n xir 19 cae khe thai gian 16 bit:
- 8 bit cho kenh tieng.
- 5 bit chua sir d~ng.
- 3 bit Str d~ng eho phong v¢ dau noi. D6 Ia cae bit tir 13 den 15 tr~n cae khe thCri gian cua LRE va LRS.
* Kie"m tra d(i'u 1I(5'i Kitm tra dau noi duqe thvc hi¢n thea 2 kitu: C6 djnh va thea y~u cau.
Kitim tra c6 dinh:
- DVa vao vi¢e so sanh co dinh cae s6li¢u vao Va ra tir 2 pbla chuytn m~ch. M~t khac, con dVa vao bit chAn Ie dt kh~m tra tUng k~nh m¢t.
- M~c dieh cua cae kiem tra de chi ra cae sai 16i, cae tr~ng thai kh6ng binh
56
-
thlIong trong ho~t d¢ng m¢t ca.nh nhanh nhA"t, va de v~n hanh ch9n lila til d
-
- Ok giao tiep ngo~i vi do tr~m ho~t d¢ng dam nhi¢m. Trong cau hlnh kep SMM gam 2 tr~m dieu khi~n hoan to~m d6ng nhat ve
cau true v~t 19 va duqc phan d!nh la SMMA va SMMB. M¢t tr~m a tr~ng thai ho~t d¢ng con tr~m kia a tr~ng thai d\l phong.
58
061 MIS s MM.
SMMA .. "" Duimg ki"t n6i gillu. de CS "'''' I I
B(I nMphy.
L B(I oM ngoAl r Hi'nh 1.33: G1u truc chilc nang cua SMM.
* Ttf chi(c chuc tulng SCSI Bu,
......... Hinlz 1-34: So do t6 clutc chuc nang trqm SMM
-
1.6.4. Cdll truc phiin c.mg
,---------------------- ------------------------, , , , , , , , , , , , ,
A C A J A
A C C G S
'A L Disk A
Bu, I seel
~ c
MIS B S ~ I
• DBM I , A i I Disoe B , C
, 'A
, , A , A , C , J , , B , B , B S ,
G ,
Bus seel I , ~ , , , , I Streamer Ii , ,
XBus ,
'---------------,
M U ~ A A A A A C C C C C U M U M C T G T G G G S G S S ,
IQr '---Local Bus Local Bus
'A c B S
¢=;- MIS
~
A C
'A A C J B
S B G ~
XBus
J ~) A A A A A C C C C C C M U M U G G T G T S S G S G
'--- IQr Local Bus Local Bus
SMMA SMMA
Hinh 1.35: Cau true phdn ell'ng trgm SMM
* Cac dan vi xU ly
A c A J A
A C C G S
C6 2 dan vi xu 19 d6ng nh~t (SMMA va SMMB). T'!i tilng thOi diilm chi c6 m¢t tr~m SMM ho~t d¢ng va n6 1. dan vi di.!u khilln t~i thOi diilm d6.
Moi 1 dan vi xU 19 t~o thAnh m¢t SMM tren m~ch vong th6ng tin MIS. N6 duqc thi€t k€ xung quanh bus X (bus chung cu. h¢ th6ng A8300).
Dan vi xu 19 g6m cac bang m~ch in sau:
59
-
- 2 c~p bang xiI Iy ACUTG, ACMGS va b9 nha duqc dOu n6i vai nhau bang bus BL 32 bit.
- I c~p bang ket noi vai MIS - ACAJA/ACAJB. - I bang kgt noi ACFTD M quan tri giao tiep bus SCC!. - I bang he tMng ACCSG.
M6i dan vi xU 1:9 co 1 giaa tiep vai MIS va 1 giao tiep vai bi) nha thil cap (6 rna, bang til, Streamer).
Hai dan V! xU 1y, m6i dan V! giao tiep v6i I bus ngo~i vi qua bang ket n6i (ACFTD) ...
Bus ngo~i vi th1!c hi~n d.c ket noi thong tin tren duo-ng dong b¢. kh6ng dong bi) va C
-
:;: Coupler MIS:
· Cung c~p xam nh~p den tr.m SM khic cua OCB·283.
· G6m 2 bing ACAJA vii ACAJB.
* Bf) 11lul filii ca'p
AD=O
l Disk B I ACDDG1
A I r=" C ~ B
S G
AD=O
I DiskB I ACDDG1
A I C B S G Bus seci
I I DBM I
AD=1
A
B
I Streamer I ACSTG1 I
AD=1
--- ~ ~ XBus
Hillll 1.36: Cei'u 'rite hi) II1u1 filii dip
A C A B
~
S G
A C B s G
~
XBus
B¢ nh6 thu eap gam mQi phuong ti¢n hm s61i~u vao cae ngo~i vi di¢n til: d.c 6 rna, bang tlr, Streamer.
BQ nM ph~ g6m:
• cae 6 ma: ACDDG I: 1,2GB.
• Streamer: ACSfG 2: 1,2GB.
• Bang tit: 1600 byte/inch + 2400 FEETS.
cae thiet bi nay duge n6i v6i bus SCC! qua bO di~u khien.
'"
-
* Cae b¢ kel n01 dllimg: Tbi t~m SMMB
Toi tram SMMA
Ket cu6i Bus
---"- r"-"- ---"-
A A A
C C C R
J T A
6 U L I-- ~ , J - ,
c- - ~
L-
A A A 4 dU'l'lng kA"1 n6i 8 dU'l'lng kill nolj Ou'
-
+ Consoles ph1,l trq. + Cac may in.
SMM c6 thi! qUlin tri C\rc d~i 42 duang kh6ng dong b¢ (6 bitng ACTIJJ) . • Cac dUOng dong b¢:
Do bang A064 cung cap.
Cho phep dau vai:
+ Cic dUang s6 toc d¢ 64 Kb/s. + Giao tiep v6i TMN. * B¢ ket n6i canh bao chlnh: Bang ACRAL la bi) Ht n6i duang do! d.u noi qua bus nga~i vi den SMM
de dieu khien m~ch vong thu th~p canh bao MAL. No ghi cac canh bao va dieu khien role cimh bao a xa.
No lien quan den:
- Giao tiep qua l~i v6i bus ngo;p vi.
- I ha~c 2 vang MAL de thu th~p dnh baa tu tr¥O dieu khien va tu trung tfun.
- T
-
- CCAL eo chuc nang nh~n biet sll ki¢n (eae eanh bao, cae l~nh tit xa) va dong role eho cae tin hi~u l¢nh de giam sat cae thiel bi va truyen eae l~nh tit xa. No eon eo chuc nang phong v~ eae b9 ket n6i thu ea'p va m~ch vong d.nh baa MAL. M¢t ACRAL cung cap 2 CCAL.
ACRAL
CCAL
r------,
i A ~--- c-----~ I -----------l CS~LI r- n' -- CS1u"\vL -----------i CSZL1-'~7/'_-- ~~~LJ
L---t, --- MALB l I ,
~----------------------------------~ A i i
\ I~--------.--r CSAU-..... 7'r----[-CSAlj""-1 I ------j L A I 'A I i, __ ....J: ----::--o-l CV A2 I: I CSALI I rc5ALi I ' : :J' ·----------L_!!. __ JI.ot--#----L_l'-_J 1 l _____ J ~--
MALA
B
Hlllh 1.38: Sa do cau true thu thljp cdnh bao 1.6.6. May thOng bao ghi stin
Trang tdng diU AIOOOEIO thi MPNA Iii thiet bj tMng baa s6. N6 c6 dung luqng 30 thong bao, 2 trong s6 do co th6 co ngu6n rieng duqc da'u bang mv{ dbi LF qua gia ph6i day. Phan ph6i tren 2 PCM, chi co 1 PCM duqc dau n6i voi m9t Module cua 1 SMT.
D~ quiin trj MPNA nhu: T~o, thay dOi, x6a, nghe th6ng baa nguai ta dung 1 Micro Terminal di~u khi~n.
2. Ph;;n mem dieu khiii'n OCB·283
M¢t kh6i luqng dang ke phan mem dil duqc phat trien k
C
-
Alcatel dii phat trien cae phuang ti~n nhu cae chuang tdnh bi~n dieh va thong dl;lOg di ph
-
- Cac phftn m~m t~i tr~m ket cu6i PCM (SMn co cau truc kep va ho~t dOng theo che dQ Active/Standby nham dam bao tjnh san sang caD.
- Alcatel lOOOElO cGng co cac phan mem dg phong cho cae tr~ dieu khi€n dg phong.
- Li~n l
-
EJ ~~M
c c c
I I
SUPER VISOR I HYPER VISOR I
I HYPER VI""R I I HYPER VI""R I
B¢ xlI'li cbfnh
~ I SUPER VISOR I HYA:R VISOR
I HYPER VI""R I I SUPER VISOR I
BI> xli 19 ph ...
Hlnh 1.39: Cdu trUe phttn mlm
I I
HYPERVISOR, SUPERVISOR vii MLSM dugc n~p viio mQi tr~m SM v~ dugc gQi iii philn m~m ca sl1. Phiin mem nay dugc pMn b6 trong cae Agent khac nhau eua tr~.
Philn mem chuc Mng ML dugc n~p phil hgp vm cau hlnh .
• HYPERVISOR:
La h~ th6ng dieu hanh eua tr~m (sieu giam sat) cung ca"p kha nang truy
67
-
nh~p pMin eung, eung cap cae ali nguyen ph1n m~m va thve hi¢n lien l'.le 1i~n tf
-
+ Dinh vi tr~m. + Phong v¢ tr~m. + Quan trAc tr
-
Chuc nang xii ly cu¢c gQi cGng co khii nang xii ly song song, trong che d¢ nay thay vi chi ch'.lY 1 chuang trlnh dan Ie thi no thl!c hi~n ch'.lY 2 chuang trlnh dong thai va doc H~.p.
Khi xii ly song song thi chuc nang cua timg chuang trmh duqc xac dinh r6 rang:
- Chuang trlnh thu nhat thl!c hi~n cac chuc nang quan ly cu¢c gQi, dua ra quyet djnh khi CO.'ill vi~c mai phat sinh, thllc hi¢n cae chuc nang lien quan den duimg day ben g9i.
- Chuang trinh thu hai thllc hi¢n cac chuc nang lien quan den duong day ben bi gQi.
- Chuang tdnh duQ'c phan cap d~ cau truc chuc nang clla n6 phan anh cac giai dO'.ln khac nhau khi thl!c hi~n chuc nang chuyen m'.lch:
+ Lap 1: Cac chuc nang chung cho vi~c chiem viing nha cho cu¢c gQi.
+ Lap 2: Cac module danh rieng cho rna baa hi~u duqc SIT dl).ng tren duong truyen huang den.
+ Lap 3: Module khai t'.1o ch€ d¢ xii ly song song.
+ Lap 4: Cac chuc nang chuy~n m'.lch.
+ Phan mem xii ly cu¢c gQi co cau truc dl]' phong N+ 1 va duqc ciii d~t trong cac tr'.lm SM C.
* Cau truc clla phan mem chuc nang da thanh phan MLMR:
XCHANCE MACRO
MR MR
, , MACRO, , , , , , , ,
MR ' --- ----,
BSM
,--------, : MACRO , , , , , , , ~ __ JWl! __ _
,--------, , , : MACRO : , , , , , , , , , , , , : MR ' ---------,
- Moi khai da chuang trlnh cua MR co the dieu khi~n dong thai 256 thanh ghi. M6i thanh ghi MR fa I dan vi phAn mem co cht1c nang dieu khi~n, giam sat, thiet l~p va gilli phong cu¢c thOng tin.
- Kh6i trao d6i thl!c hi¢n chuc nang giao tiep giiJa Hit cll cac thanh ghi MR (256,512,758, 1024) va cae ph~n mem ehue nling khae.
- Hai thanh ghi MR duqe sir d~ng rieng eho quan Iy tdng dai.
70
-
2.3. PhOn mom tinh cucrc " ML TX
Phan mem tinh eucre k~t hqp thanh phfin kh6i giao tiep va phAn h~ tfoh cUoco MLTX thl,lc hi¢n cae c6ng vi¢c lien quan den chuc nang tfoh CUOCo Phan h¢ tfoh cuac cling co khlt nang xu ly song song.
Chue nang trnh cuac phan cap lam 3 lap;
- Lap 1: Xac dinh c6ng vi¢c phiii thi hanh.
- Lap 2: Xac djnh phuong thuc trnh euoe.
- Lap 3: D9C dfr li¢u tfnh cuoco
Chuang trinh g6m co cae module co thli hoan d6i cho nhau duqc h,ra chqn thfch hqp vai cae ung dlJng: Tinh eucre dong lo~t (flat rate). tfoh eucre djnh ky (periodic), tfnh eucre thea xung nhjp nM.n duqc Ill' t60g dai a xa ...
* Cau true phan mem thanh ghi da thanh phan MLTX.
,XCIiANCE MACRO
TX TX
,--------- ,--------, ' I MACRO MACRO
, , , , , L ___ ~ ___ : ____ ~ __ _
SSM
,--------
, ,
MACRO
'"""r" MOi kh6i da chuang trinh eua TX co the quan tri dOng thai 1500 thanh ghi TX.
Ok thanh ghi TX lit 1 phan mem co kha nang tioh cuac cho 1 cu¢c th6ng tin. Khoi lrao deli co chuc nang giao tiep gifra U(t ca cae thanh ghi TX (1500,
3000, 4500, 6000) va cae philn m~m ehue nang khae.
2.4. Phftn m~m ket n6i tr~m ghep kenh
Phan mem nay thgc hi~n cae chuc nang chuyen m~ch (cae chuc nang kel n6i duang truyen diin PCM. xiI Iii bao hi~u kenh ket hqp, quan Iii cae kenh ban co djnh nhu cae lien ket bao hi¢u 56 7), cae chuc nang phbng v¢ an toan (truy6n cae canh bao PCM, t~ kiem tra de phat hi~n 16i. xu Iii CRC4).
C6 2 lo~i chuang trloh theo chue nang can thl!c hi¢n:
- Cae chuang trlnh chuy~n m~ch xiI ly cae tloh huang do thiet b! tho~i t~o fa va ca.c h¢ thong khac.
- Cae chuang trlnh phbng v¢ ch~y song song phat hi¢n cae 16i phat sinh do philn cling ho¥ pMn memo
71
-
cac chucmg tdnh nay duqc dieu khitin bm mOt chucmg tdnh dieu hanh duqc gQi la khai thiet l~p lich tdnh ho~t dQng, no kkh ho~t cac chuang tdnh khi:
- Ngat 1 phat sinh trong nhUng truang hqp nhu co 16i ph~n cUng, time -out, y~u d.u truyen ban tin. MQt chuang tdnh se duqc ch~y de thl!C hi¢n e6ng vi¢e duqc y~u cau.
- Neu kh6ng cac ho~t dQng co th~ duqc kich ho~t va co th~ thvc hi~n ch~y tr~n ca sa uu tien da duqc thiet l~p tir tcuoe.
MQt ho;;tt d¢ng la "co the kfch hO';lt" neu no duqc yeu cau thvc hi¢n m¢t cong vi¢c. Cong vi¢c nay co the duqc y~u c~u bai m¢t ho~t d¢ng khac th6ng qua khai xiI 1:9 ngat ho~c do ban than ho~t d¢ng.
M¢t ho~t d¢ng la "co thti thl!c hi¢n" neu no duqe khai t~o va duqc cho phep ch~y bai cae ho~t d¢ng khac va cac ti¢n feh giam sat h¢ th6ng.
72
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Outdng2
;> ,
TONG DAr NEAX - 61L
~ ..... ~ '."..' A. TONG aUAN VE TONG £lAI £l1~N TU SO NEAX - 61L:
I. MO TA TONG QUAN H~ TH6NG TONG HAl NEAX· 61L: H¢ th6ng t6ng dai NEAX - 61 L: chal lugng cao co thE dap lffig eae y~u
d.ll da nang eha cae m~ng vi~n thOng, baa g6m sl! na.ng cap nhanh hem va tiep nh~n nhi~u d!ch vl,I, Hoh lioh ho~t rat 1611 d~ trien khai thanh mOi tcuang da phuong li~n truy~n thong. Hnh thfch nghi cao cung voi cae toe de) cao han va cae bang thOng r(mg han la.m eha vi~c xu 19 cae dfr li~u duqc thu~n ti¢u va nhanh chong giup eha vi¢c quan ly, v~n hanh va baD ducrng co k~t qua ca~.
1. Dung ILI
-
Ngoai ca, n6 cling c6 th~ tiep c~ mt')t cach nhanh ch6ng cac d~ch vl;! rna c6 the du
-
t~p trung::::: 8: 1, va ty s6 gifra duang dAy thu~ bao, lrung k€ va lrung ke d!ch vI! = 15:7:2).
+ T6ng c1ai duong diii (TS): 130.000 lrung ke(dugc cung cap rna ly s6lrung keva lrung k€dich V1! = 22:2).
+ LUll lugng l6i da: 67.000 (erlang).
2. Cau hinh h~ thong
1l. ________ ~D~~~"~'~h"~.~b~.:O~'"~O~"~'~" ____________ ~----~ [Il1ong Ihu6 bao s6
~---------------~ l PBC
[lilting t&: d~ co s6
l PBC
TO"'.m ." {. _______ T_'_"'_,/kIIIlO','_'_" ____________ --I
Dllong t&: d6 co s6
". tH~NG ~::::(~R~LU~}-------~D~~~"-g~CllP quang 8M ~~,~~RL~U -----' '-____________ --1CHUYtH ". .... CH 1-~~RLU
:~~RLU~~ TOi Irljlm Xiii viii {
OMC
TOi mljlng b60 hitu sd 7
Dlltlng !tIc d~ co s6
--_/
{. ______ D_ .. _"_g_"/"'d~ co sa IllIO'ng ty'
Hinh 2.2: SI{ kei n6i cae thae bao va """ng din h~ tlu1ng t6ng dQi
75
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Hlnh 2.2 trblh bay s,! k~t n6i ca.e thue bao vii m""g Mn h¢ th6ng tdng dili khi c1ugc dung nhu mOt t6ng (tai c1uong diU va n(H h~t.
2.1. Cung cap cae dich v~
H¢ th6ng tdng dili e6 cae giao dien den thiet bi thue bao vii cae tdng d3.i iJ xa, cung cap cae djch v1,l chuy~n m?ch dt!n d.c thue baa. Oie lo~i duemg da.y thu~ baa cua h~ thong tdog dai dugc li~t k~ gum:
- Giao di~n thu~ haa (den thiet bi tl1U~ baa); + Cae duang day thu~ baa analog. + Cae duilng dAy digital. - Giao dien m~ng (den cae h¢ th6ng tdng d.i):
+ cae duilng day s6 t6e dO sa e!p (lMbps). + Cae trung ke' analog. + Cae duilng day quang (SMbps).
2.2. Cau hloh pMo Cllng
Ph.!" cling ella tdog dai haa g6m 4 IO
-
- Ll{a ch9n m¢t ml:\ng th6ng tin kh6ng nghen ml:\ch va lam hQ d~m chuy~n ml:\ch thai gian ghep d6i. Dam bao tinh nguy~n v~n chu6i khc thai gian (TSSI). Do d6, h~ thong la ly ntimg thich hQ1l eho chuy~n m~ch thoai va ehuyen maeh dfr li~u.
- Lua chon b¢ Xlt ly eho phuong philp ([nh v6i t~p hQ'p lenh thu gon (RISC). Cung cap m¢t kha nang xu 19 dugc cai til!n hoan hao.
- LVa chQn UNIX dva tr~n co sa phan cap cau trUc phAn memo Cho phep nh~p nhanh han cae ehuang trinh ti'ng d1;lng m6i
- Ll!a chQn ea giao di~n nguoi dung do hQa (GUI) va giao di~n nguOi. dung ky tl! (CUI) eho giao di~n nguoi - may (HMI).
- C6 giao di~n cho vi~c ket n6i thi€t bi di6u hanh va bao duang (O&M) trong h~ thong t6ng dai voi thiet b~ dieu h~nh va bao duang cua trung tam dieu hanh va bao duang (OMC).
II, cAU HINH PHAN cO'NG
Phau cllng cua h¢ thong tdng dai, nhudll rna tii bao g6m 4lo~i phm he sau day:
- Philn h~ ling dl,lng.
- Phan h~ chuy~n ml:\eh.
- Phan h~ b¢ Xlt ly.
- Philn h~ (lieu hanh va bao du6ng.
H'U1h 2.3 eho bi6t cau binh phan cti'ng cua h~ th6ng tcing diii voi dan vi duoog day Ii xa (RLU) va dan vi duang day rna r¢ng (ELU).
H'mh 2.3: trlnh hiiy mot cAu hlnh he thong co ban cua he thong tdng dai dll dugc dinh sAn cho vi~c sir dl,lng nhu m(H tcing diii nQi hl:\t va t6ng diii duang daL H~ thong bao gam 4 phm h~ (philn he Ilng d~ng, phm he ehuyen m~ch, phan h~ b¢ xii ly, phan h~ di~u hanh va baa duang), giaa di~n toc d¢ K (KHW) cho vi~c truyen di va nh~ v~ cae tin hi~u di~u khic:!n va thOl:\i giiia phan h~ chuyen mach va phan h~ Ilng d~ng, co ehelien laC dilli¢u toe d¢ caa (h~ thong lien laC HUB) cha vi¢c lien laC dilli¢u toc d¢ cao giila phAn h~ b¢ xir ly va phm h~ ~huyen mach.
77
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"~ng thu' elfanU b,I ( . " ling !hUI b .... ( ••
m
"" Tryn Uk""""; .... (
ang!l biD d..a.g Hinh 2.3: Cd;, "in" p/ufn Cll'ng ella fling dCii NEAX -61:£.
1. Ph;;n h~ ol'ng d~ng
Phlln h~ llng d~ng IA mQt nh6m thi€t bi de lien ke"t thi€t bi thue baD va cae h~ th6ng tdng dai ben ngoAi bang cae lo~i du1lng dAy khae nhau. Phan h~ llng d~ng bao g6m cae module du1lng day thue bao (LNs) chUa duge elie du1lng day thue bao analog vA cae dl11lng dAy thue baD tlle dQ er! sa (ISDN), cae module !rung ke" (TMs) thfch llng vai cae du1lng dAy trung k€ analog va cae du1lng dAy danh rieng cho cae thiet bt baa duOng, cae module giao di¢n truy~n dan s6
78
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(DTIMs) thfch lIng vm cae duang day t6c dQ sa cap (2.048Mbps) va cae duang day 56 tu TMs va cae module giao di~n truyen dan quang (OTIMs) thich lffig vai cae duang day quang (8 Mbps). Module xit ly bao hi~u (SHM) so xu ly muc 1 va mue 2 eua h¢ th6ng baD hi¢u kenh chung. va trung lee dich V1,l (SVT) se phat va thu cae tin hi¢u va cae am hi~u khac nhau duqc dung trang h9 th6ng baa hi¢u k~nh lien kel cling thfch lffig duqc trong phan h~ nay. Giao di¢n KHW la m¢t giao di¢n n6i liep chucln eha vi¢c tCUyeD di va nh~n ve cae tin hi~u tho~i d. dlI
-
4. Ph;;n h~ dieu hilnh vii baD dllong
G6m c6 thi~t hi do thu duong day (LTE), cae thi6t hi vao, fa eho dl,l phong du li~u va cae dau cuoi (l(l di~u hanh, giam sat va bao du6'ng h~ thong. Phan he nay do OMP di~u khi~n toan b¢.
D
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1. Lop OS cd sCI (Basic OS layer)
LOp co sa hao g6m: RX-UXNR cung cap cae kha nang co sa cho vi~c di~u khi~n ph'n m~m. pMn cUng trong h~ th6ng tOng d~i v~ 101' di~u khi~n pMn cUng se di~u khi~n cac lo~i pMn cUng khlic nhau cua h~ th6ng tdng dili bang ck chucrng trloh di~u khiin.
LOp as cO 56
/
il'-__ ,-________ -r_"_'p_o_s_m_._"_'_.,-________ ,-__ ~)_ ···········1 ·············-1······-,---1--"
Bli di,su khilln Iruyo'!n IhOng lin
80 gil1lm sal TSS File m6Y eM
LOp dl'u kill'" phdn cCtng
as Illoi gian Ihue (RT 05)
RX-UXIVR
UNIX as
B~ phM M as
80) dl'u kill'" "0
Hinh 25: C4u hinh ella Ibp as eo sa 1.1. RX-UXNR RX-UXNR I~ h~ th6ng di~u Mnh ch~y tren c8 h~ di~u Mnh thai gian th'!c
(RmS) va h~ di~u hilnh UNIX tren ciing b
-
+ Xu Iy tai lehai dOng. UNIX OS thi dU
-
3. LClp ling d~ng (Application layer)
LOp lffig d~ng g6rn: rn¢t lap lffig d~ng ccr scr. lOp di~u khi~n cu¢c gQi vA lOp O&M.
C- Lbp d'i"u khi4n dich \/1,1 chuyiSn m'ilch ----------------------~t-------c-----------------
I I Nh6m dich VI,I
, , , , , , , , , , , , ,
Nh6m thl!C thiS 00"
Lbp O&M
---------------------------------~-------------
a,An 'y Hin k~t ) ~Ph.n Ud>
-
- Lap di~u khien eu¢e gi: Oie lo~i dteh vl:I khae nhau duqc cung c
-
1.2. H~ thong bao hi~u k~nb lien kH
H~ th6ng tdng dAi ph~t va thu tin hieu da tiln (MF) Mn vil til m6t t6ng dAi a xa nha DTI.
1.3. Hi! thong bao hi~u duimg day thue bao
H¢ th6ng t6ng dai th1 thich hqp voi ca. h¢ thong baa hi~u duemg day thue baa sir dl,lng DTMF va h¢ thong bau hi¢u duong da.y thu~ baa Slr dl,mg cae 1m. hi¢u xung quay so (PD). .
2. Cae xU Iy baa hi~u clIoe H~ thOng tring dai h6 trq de chue nang lien feet vA cae dfr li¢u elIde sau dAy:
- Hi~u chinh thai gian.
- Thfch h
-
- CLP:
-DK:
-MT:
- BC:
-OMP:
Di~u khien xu 1:9 cUQc gQi, ghi dfr li¢u cUOCo Ghi dg phong ella dfr li¢u cu6'c t~m thai trang OMP.
LlflI gift dii' li¢u eucre trang OMP.
Trung tam tinh cm'tc, dl!a tren dilli¢u cm'tc tll h¢ thllng chuy!!n mach. Dilli¢u euac c6 thi! duqc truy~n tCl!c W'p tai BC qua MT. B¢ xu 19 di~u Mnh hilO duang:
3.2. Luong dii' li~u cuoc Khi cUQc g9i k€t thuc, h~ th6ng chuy~n mach luu giil klOt qua dilli¢u cm'tc
trong OMP. Dilli¢u c6 th~ ghi tren MT va giri tai BC. 3.3. each Huh cuoc
Trong h¢ th6ng c6 2 killu tinh cuac lil AMA va Meter.
- Tmh cUile AMA (Automatic Message Accounting): H¢ th6ng ghi l86
-
Khoa vAn phOng
OMC
LLI DTI DTI
Hlnh 2.8: Baa duOng tu xa
VI. XU'L'Y CU()C GQI
Kft cu6i tid"! hc;fP
Chuyln m~ch vAn phong
Ph.tn n~y so mO ta th" nAo l~ mQt cUQc gQi duDe thi"t l~p bOi h~ th6ng bao
hi~u dltimg ddy thue bao (cae dltimg ddy thue bao analog v~ cae duimg dAy thue
bao s6) v~ th" nao l~ mQt cuQc gQi dtn;tc thi"t l~p bIri h~ th6ng bao hi¢u lien d~i (h~ th6ng bao hi¢u kenh lien k"t vA h~ th6ng bao hi¢u kenh chung s6 7).
1. Cac CU9c gqi n9i dai
- Ciic dltimg ddy thue bao analog k"t n6i cuQc gQi bAng each sir d~ng bOo
hi~u dltimg ddy thue bao (cae dltimg dAy thue bao analog).
- Cae dltong dAy thue bao s6k"t n6i cuQc g
-
SI! k€t n6i Cll¢C gQi qua giang bang each su dl:lOg h~ th6ng baa hi¢u k~nh chung 567. Dli lhi€! l~p m¢l duong lha~i giua t6ng dai tmoc va h~ thong.
- Truyen di va nh~n v6 ca.c tin hi¢u baa hi~u 56 7 giua t6ng dai truck d6 va t6ng dai sau d6.
- ll1i6t l~p dltang tha~i giua t6ng dai t.ruac do va t6ng dai sau d6.
3. Cae eui;>e gi qua giang (h~ thcing bao hi~u kenh lien ket)
K~l noi cu9c gQi qua giang hang each su dl:lI1g h¢ thong baa hi~u k~nh lien k~t.
B. CAU TRUC PHAN CliNG TONG flAI fll~N Til 56 NEAX-61I:
I. PHAN H~ UNG DlJNG ,
1. Tong quat
Phan h¢ (rng dl:ll1g nh~n cae tin hi¢u da duqc phat thOng qua cac la~i duong day khac nhau lu cac lhi~t bi tl1U~ baa va cae h¢ th6ng t6ng dai h~n ngoai den h¢ thong, bien ddi cac tin hi¢u Ihanh cac tin hi¢u t6c d¢ caa chu.ln (cae t(n hi¢u KHW) va gui cac tin hi¢u KHW den phan h¢ chuy6n m~ch thanh cac tin hi¢u rna thich ling voi ca.c giao lhuc cua cac duong day ri~ng rc lruac khi truy~n dan den cac thiet h~ tl1Ue hao va cac h~ th6ng tdng (lai h~n ngoai. Phan h¢ ung dl:lOg
cGng bao g6m m6t di~m bao hi~u (SP). di~m ehuy~n tiep bao hieu (STP), vii module xu 1:9 bao hi¢u (SHM) duqc dung lrong vi~c truy~n eli va nh~n v~ cac tin hi~u hao hi~u h~nh chung. Phan h~ (mg dl:mg baa g6m cae module sau day:
• Module duimg day thue bao (LM).
· J3
-
: - -- - -- --- -Pha;;-hA-Cr~g dl,'-;'9-- ---T- --- -- -- - ~ Ph"n t,,~ LC I-- rT I, : ch ... y~n m~ch
---.l PHW d/ii# ,
Di~n th~i , tlldng 11,1
~ Dien tho;:Ii ISDN
III Dilang day 56 OTiM 2,048 Mbls
,
, ,
i
M I lOC KHW,'
L C j------~ :
:~:~ j , DTIJ-~ :
U E PHW:
, , , , , , , , , ,
KHW\ X ~ f----t: -1 OLTe
-::--t--[~o~TDrJ DTI~- I ~ :, '--_---" ,----, DlIOng day ~
~"H:;jr~h.~";.:!:r""::".;:r"l:_j:::::::::::::1;l;l~r,S-:l:lj-:'I::J : Du'img day 56 2,048 Mbls
O&M ln~c~ T I
. =·t~ru"." ( r ::: ~ ~ C-- __ L ________ _ flU'Ong d!y s6 I BHW :
2,048 Mbls (i ~--IrM"';-~ : : ~- UE PHW KHW;
DlJ'6'ng day 56 2,048 Mbls
XM t-----j RlU1C (-=t=BillS=DTt ~ u : lOTI "_;,- , '\ ------t all - - I r-----------------------------------I
T6c d6 00 sO dU'Crng" day 66
ThOng qua. kh6a vAn phbng
l TMI BHW ~ i I UE PHW i
, "
OTI J XM : U ,
Dn.J--~ i - -----1 BHW",""",,-- I
,-;s;;v~T;CJ'---11 M D'"' : U E PHW: X. OTIC
KH'" , ,
U , , SVT __ r------~ , , , , , , , , CCSCJir_-,: :
;--, I PHW I I CCSC~ PMX 1-_""-1 : CCSC t-r : :
i ~ccsc}J : i L____ _ _________ --.J __________ I Hi,," 2.9: Phd" "¢ Irng d(mg
TDNW
89
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2. Module dltilng day thue bao (LM) va bi? di~u khiiin ni?i bi? (LOC)
2.1. CAu t~o Module dubng day thue bao LM g6m cae m~ch dubng day thue bao
(LC) va mQt b6 di~u khien module dubng day thue bao (LMC). LC co hai lo~i: M~eh dubng thue bao tucmg tl! (ASLC) dung eho dubng thue bao tucmg tl!, m~ch dubng thue bao s6 (DSLC) thl duqe dUng eho dubng day thue bao s6.
LC pM.t hi~n cae cu(lc gqi duqc pM.t sinh bOi cae lhUt~ bao, se gui tin hi~u chuang va thl!C hi~n S\! bi~n d6i AID (Analog/Digital) cua d.c tin hi~u tho~i.
LMC dieu khien cae LC luang li'ng voi mOL tin hi~u di~u khien tir bQ di~u khi~n nQi bQ (LOC). N6 cilng ghep k~nh voi cae tin hi~u LGUP thaoh d.c tm hi~u PHW va phan kenh cae tin hi~u PHW thanh cae tin hi~u LGDOWN.
LOC dic:u khi~n cae LC duqc chua trong LM thich U'ng voi ca.c l~nh tir bQ xit 19 eu6e goi (CLP).
LOC t6 ehue thanh 2 card LAPDC, I trong 2 card thl duge dung nhu m(>t card dl! phUng dt< xit 19 giao thue lap 2 kcnh D eho 128 thuC bao ISDN, khi h~ tMng chua duqe 128 tl1Ue bao ISDN. Module xif 19 kcnh D (DHM) thl duqe ket n6i den LOC va xu 1:9 giao lhue lap 2 kenh D.
,-----------------, Module dl1dng day
LGUP/LGDOWN
PHW
Ii (Ifi~ .12M(512TS) LMe dJ , •
!
dJ (.~()i LGUP/LGDOWN
Ii • 2M (.~2 TS)
Ii , PHW ,
(161 LMe ,32M{SI2TS)
d/. i
d/.--'-, ---j L. _________________ ,
Loe
Loe
KHWl
KHWO
J To' p",p he chuycn
c--- m~ch
Hi,," 2,/0. Module duiJng day thue bao (IM) va b¢ diei. k"iell ,,¢i b¢ (we)
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2.2. Cae ehue nang
Being 2.1: Cae chue nang eua cac kluJr. chile nang riing re (rang LM Kh6i chuc nang Chue nang
M~eh duang day :I< LC ho~n thanh cae chuc nAng sao dAy: thu~ bao (LC) + Cung eKp ngu6n d€n cae may thoc.!.i thu~ bao.
+ Bao v¢ cae m~ch tranh cae di¢n ap caa rna co th~ duqc cung cap tu b~n ngoai. + OUi cae tm hi¢u chuCng d~ cae may di¢n thol,li thu~ bao. + Giam sat d.c dau cu6i thu~ bao.
+ Th1!C hi~n 51! bi€n d6i AID cua cae tm hi¢u tho
-
k~nh C2 vii C3 chua c3.C tin hi~u PHWUP va PHDOWN va hien d6i cac tfn hic;u k~nh C3 hao g6m dc tin hi¢u PHDOWN thiinh cac tin hi9U kCnh C2 chua cAc tin hi¢u LGDOWN.
Trung ke do thtr l1wc hi9n do thu naj k~t noi/nai xuat phat cul)c gqi tren duang tho?i cac card LC khac nhau nha TST ADP. (SPT)
>I< Do thu nai xuat phat cu¢c gqi:
(1) Gui tin hi9U m?ch vang dt!n LC dl! noi kin m?ch vang d0 duqc tto lhu, va tin hi¢u ticp (tat dcn didm tiep dat ella LC d~ duqc do thi!.
(2) Gui xung quay s6 (lOpps(20pps) Mn card LC de duqc do thu.
* Do thu nai ket cuoi cUQc gqi: Phat tfn hi9U chuOng tit card LC d~ duqc do thu.
BI) didu khi~n nl)i :I< D6 dap ung ml)tl~nh tll' bQ xu ly cul)c gqi (CLP) dieu ht) (LOC) khi~n m¢t s6 hrqng toi da Iii 3480 m?ch duang day thue
bao (LC) lhfch ung vai giao di~n duang day thu~ bao.
* T~p trung cac tin hi~u tho~i/dfi' li9U thfch Ung vai toi da 30 luang tin hi~u PHW tmoc khi truy~n dan ngang qua KHW den khoi chli'c nang chuy6n m'.lch thai gian. Nguqc l'.li, n6 sc gUi cac tin hi~u tho?i/dfi' li~u thu dugc ngan qua KHW til khoi chuc nang chuy~n m?ch thoi gian den LC da dugc chi fa bai CLP.
:/< Co cae lha nang d~ biI l?i cho cac thay d6i trong tin hi~u tho~i rna xay fa trong cac dubng dAy lruyen dan analog va cung phiit hi~n cac cu¢c gqi duqc phAt sinh boi cac thue bao analog thfch ling v6i giao di¢n dubng dAy thu~ bao.
* LM thi duqc di~u khii!n roi LOC va chua dugc Cel cae lhue bao analog va cAe thue bao s6 giao di~n t6c ell) co sa. MOi LOC c6 the di~u khien len Mn 30 LM va m6i LM co lhe chua dugc l28 thue bao analog ho~c 64 thue bao ISDN.
• Khi h~ th6ng chUa cAe !hue bao ISDN !hi LOC dugc
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trang bi cac card LAPDC co th~ thl!c hi~n vi~c xu ly lap 2 ISDN. LOC c6 th~ trang bi len tlii 2 card LADPC. LADPC: co cau hlnh du n+ 1 thi chi m¢t trong 2 card LADPC c6 th6 xu Ii' 128 thue bao ISDN. Khi h~ th6ng chua dirac nhi6u han 128 thue bao ISDN thl LOC dlfge trang bi cac card DHMI va dugc ket n6i dtn module xu Ii' kenh D (DHM) bao.g6m cuc card LAPDC. Vi9C kct n6i LOC va DHM c6 th6 xu Ii' len tlii 1920 thue bao ISDN. *" Khi LOC chua dl1qc cac lhue bao ISDN thl n6 ding cung cap chue nang do thu thue bao BRI.
Module xu Ii' Ok qua trlnh glri va nh~n dii li~u kenh C thi dugc dung kenh D (DHM) nhlf thCng tin di6u khi~n lap 1 ISDN.
* Ok qua trmh gili va nh~n dii' li~u kenh c. * Cuc qua trlnh nh~n dii' li¢u tqmg theh kenh C. * Ok giao di~n v6i. bus cua b¢ vi xu lY. Xit Ii' giao thue LAPD
* Cac k€( n6i LAPD dlfge khuy€n nghi (rong Q920 va Q921 cua ITV-T.
* cae giao di~n yai bus cua b¢ vi xU ly
23_ Module dltilng day (hue bao (LM)
2.3_1- Vi tri ella 1M /rong hf IhOng NEAX-61I
ru;- PHW LOC "W "w ". ". - r---- ~- ~- ,- ---- /' 1 ~ - I I I I
'HW I I (; ,,~.HW 'HW D'~ I I =rC -r-- - f---- -'- --- J c(lng
~
L I • TIn h+I 6m thanh I ASE (HUB)
L !lCP-M \
Hinh 2.11. Vi ITI cua EM lrong h¢ Ih6ng NEAX-61I
93
-
23.2. Cdc d(lc tinh kj Ihu~1
01< Cae d(lc die'm
- Oan vAo ti5i da 128 card LC (128 thu~ baa) .
. Cic giao di~n vm b¢ di~u khi~n n¢i b¢ (LaC) ngang qua dltimg truy~n t6c d¢ cao so ea'p (PHW).
- Cung eap k€t hgp cae m~eh dltimg day thu~ baa analog vA s6 (thu~ baa analog).
* Cae dr;ic (inlz ve di¢n - Oiao di~n PHQ: 32 Mbps (512 TS).
- Lu~t ma hoa PCM: Lu~t A (h~ th6ng CEPT)/lu~t ~ (h~ thi5ng BAc MY).
* N guon yell eau Di~n ap DC vao:
- VP: -48 (V)
- VT: -48 (V) (cho tho~i)
+5 V (eho cae tm hi~u AID).
2.3.3. Cdc ch{(c nang
DOng 0.9 A.
DOng 3.0 A.
Di~u khi~n 1 LC: LM g6m eo t6i da 128 card (128 thu~ baa) di~u khien m6i m~eh thue baa vA giam sat tr~g tMi thlch Ung voi m6i l~nh di~u khi~n til LaC.
M~eh dltimg day ISDN vA analog: Cung eap cho cae m~eh thu~ baa ISDN vA analog. Va cfing dgc rna card ella LC da dU'gc gao va.o va nh~n dc:mg m~t m~eh dltimg day thue baa.
Oiao di~n PHW: Ohep k~nh dilli~u n6i tiep 32 TS (8 m~ch * 4 TS)*16 til LC tMnh 512 TS (128 m~eh *4TS) *16 vii gi'ri n6 dOn LaC ngang qua PHW vA ngltge l~i, 4TS g6m cac tm hi~u di~u khi~n va tha~i.
Sit bien dOi khuOn d~g cua k~nh: Taeh ra m¢t l~nh di~u khien LC til m¢t k~nh C3 dltgc giri til LaC, bien dOi n6 tMnh m¢t d~g k~nh C2. Oi'ri l~nh da duge bien dOi dOn LC tltang Ung vA cDng bien dOi thAnh 1 tra lI,i l~nh til LC thAnh I d~ng k~nh C3 va girl n6 dOn LOC.
Di~u khH!n tm hi~u canh haa (ALM) vii tm hi~u quet (SCN): Bien dOi cae tin hi~u ALM/SCN dugc glri til LC thAnh d~g k~nh C2 vii glri n6 de'n LOC.
S,! ehuy~n dOi til da't 0 sang di~n E (E/G): Tach rbi v~ di~n la~i E til la~i 0, ho~e m¢t m~eh di~n trang la~ m~ch logic (lo~i E) til m¢t m~ch di~n trang
94
-
lo~i talk (lo~i 0) bilng mQt photocoupler thl kb6ng anh huimg den m6i lo~i bm t~p am v~ nhfrng tae dQng khk
ChU"c nang do tbir chi tieu chat hrgng: BAng each Slr dl;lng trung k€ do thu duimg tho~i (SPT), cung dp colc do thir chi tieu chit luqng tr~n duimg day thue bao analog.
2.4, B(i dieD khi~n n(ii b(i (LOC)
2.4.1. Vi trl
Be) dieu khi6n nQi bQ (LOC) th,!c hi~n truyen dan gilla cac thiet bi cifp thifp han (cac thiet bi thue bao analog ho~c cae thiet bi thu~ bao ISDN) duac ket n6i den h~ th6ng tdng d~i NEAX-6IL thong qua duimg truy"n t6c di) cao sa cap (PHW) v~ cac thiet bi cifp cao (m~ng) dugc k€t n6i den h¢ th6ng tdng d~i NEAX-6IL thong qua duimg truy6n t6c dQ cao K (KHW).
KHW JHW ./I} 'i:i.1 PHW ~ LOC TSM SSM - - r-- --~- -T- --- -I /' -.. 1 1 ~ ~
1 1
-:eJ THMK 1 1 -- , 1 1 .----~---' JHW
M~ng 1 L PHW KHW 1 1 "'n. OTIM OTIC 1 1 ~ng 1- -l_ r-- J --~----
-
I • Tin h~u Am lhanh I ASE (HUB)
I I CCP,. (CLP) I
Hinh 2.12: Vi Iri ella we Irong h~ tMng NEAX ,61L 2,4.2, Cdc diJc ttnh kj thu~
* Cac diJc dilm
I I
- M6i module chua dugc t6i da l~ 30 duimg truy~n t6c dQ cao P (PHW),
- M6i module giao di¢n vai m~g phau chi. thOi gian TDNW thong qua I duimg t6c do cao K (KHW),
95
-
- M6i module ehita dltge to. da la 3840
-
2.5. M~ch dm'mg day (LC)
2.5.1. Vi tri
Card lLC thl dugc k€t n6i bOi m¢t duang dAy thue baa d€n may di~n thol;li thue bao thuang. Card 1 LC cung cap dong di~n tho~i, giiim sal lr~ng thai duong day lhue baa, gi'ri va nh~n cae tm hi~u dja chI, cAe tin hi~u tho~i.
1- - - - - - - -lpHW~-"KHW T8M JHW 1iiIt-- 1LC __ -.....:
I I "iJ1( I I I DE ,-
.. I I I I
I I L _______ _ I I ________ --.J
-,----I I I I I
', ____ ~""l_~P~HW~~~~K~HW~~ I JHW ~ DTIM OTIC I
c6ng C9n9
---+---
SSM
I I I I I I I I
Hinh 2,13: Vi Iri eua card 1LC Irong h¢ IMng NEAX -61L:.
2.5.2. Cae ddc tlnh kj Ihu~1
* Cac diJc dilm Card 1 LC thl duqc dung cho may di~n tho~i thue baa thlfOng.
Card 1 LC chUa duoc 1 duong day thue bao l~m cho cOng viec di~u Mnh v~ bao duang de dmg han.
* Cdc dc;ic tin" ve di¢n - Ck gia tri tra khang d~u v~o sau day thll~p thmh:
H6n hgp: 600(0)+2.16(~s) / 900(0) + 2.16(~s)/ 900(0) / 600(0) + 2(~F)/ 900(0).
- Tra khang ngu6n ac quy: 413(0).
- Lu~t mil hoa PCM:
Lu~t A (h~ th6ng CEPT)/ lu~t ~ (h~ th6ng Bac My). T6c d¢ xung quay s6: 7 Mn 22 (pps)
* N guon yeti caLI
7(i) -188 97
-
Di~n ap va~ DC:
V,,: -58 (V) den -43 (V) (blnh thuang: -51 V).
+5 (V) cho tfn hi~u analog: +5 (V) ± 3%
Olng su~t tieu thu: 270mW (tr~ng thai rOil.
2.5.3. Cae chue nang
Card lLC co chac nang sau day:
- Cung ca'p dong thol,li: Cung cap dong thol,li den cae may di~n thol,li thue bao thuang.
- Bao v¢ qua tip: Bao v~ card lLC tir cae di~n ap cao (vi dl,l: chap dQt ng¢t...) duqc cung cap tir duemg day lhu~ bao.
- Giri tin hi~u chu6ng: Gui 1 tin hi~u chu6ng 16i cac may di~n thol,li lhue hao thuemg nha PRG (Programmable Ringing Generator).
- Giam sat trl,lIlg thtiL duemg da.y: Giam sat tr{lng thai nhac may va gac may clla may chu gqi va may bi gqi.
- SI! bi~n dOi tir tin hi~u tho~i analog sang tin hi¢u so/so sang analog: Bien dOi tin hi~u tho~i analog tir duong day thu~ baa thanh tin hi~u tho~i so va bien dOi tfn hi~u thol,li s6 tir TDNW thanh tin hi~u lho~i analog.
- SI! bien dOi duung gqi: Bi~n dOi tin hi¢u tho~i 2 day thanh tin hi~u lhol,li 4 day va nguqc ll,li.
- Giao di!;n do thiI: Card ILC c6 the do thif bimg cach ket noi n6 Mn thi6t bi do thif ILC nha TSf ADP trong LOC.
- Nh~n xung quay so: Nh~n cac xung quay 56 tir cac di~n tho
-
PHW v~ gUi 1m hi¢u PHW den b¢ di~u khien giao di~n 1ruy~n c111n so (DTIC) va ding phAn tin hi~u PHW tiI DTIC tMnh 4lu6ng tin hi¢u BHW va gill chung Mn LAPDC va DHMI d
PHW oxa OTi I XI f+---, o ,
OT' M
IOMC Thong qua kh6a van phong
, , , U ,
OTI I X/ I 1 _________ Ji_...!
OTIM Dliang days024MblSi- - - - - - - -- - --I
van phong l lOTI BHW :~ i c xa U PHWL----j
I LOTI Xl 4-' -----1 I 0 ' I : lOTI M I , U ,
L_~~ _____ J~J DTIM
Van ph6ng g TM c xa 1."----"
\ Ph{m h~ O&M \ I BHW 1"- :
-
Phan he chuyen ·mach
OTIC
:IDTI IM"-I Phan he ltng dung
I Phan h~ XlI ,y1 L! CSP .~
: I OTi ~ : I 0 f+-----' I I OTi M I I I I U ,
i}_~~ ______ ~J PHW
1 SHW 11-------'
PHW
Hinh 2.14. Cae kMi eLla DT1M va DT1C
KHW
99
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3.2. Chue nang
Bang 2.2: Chuc nang czia cac khdi chue niing czia DTIM va DTIC
Khoi chile nang Chuc nang
Giao di¢n lruy~n * DTI nMn cae 1m hi~u 16e d¢ so c~p (2.048 Mbps) lit dAn 56 (DTI) tdng dai a xa hO;Jc thiel hi trung k~ va bi~n d6i chung
thaoh ca.c tin hil;U BHW truck khi truy~n dAn den MUX.
'" Nguqc l~i, DIT bien d6i cae tin hi~u BHW thu duqc til DMUX th1mh cae tin hi~u t6c d
-
Giao di¢n module Dugc ke't n6i Mn "" di~u khi
3.3. Module giao di~n truy~n dan (DTlM)
3.3.1. Vi trl
DTIM l~ m(lt giao di~n do! ke't n6i h~ th6ng t6ng d~i NEAX·611 Mn t6ng d~i a xa bilng phuong ti~n dui'mg day nh6m so cap PCM 2.048 Mbps (h~ th6ng CEPT) ho~c 1.544 Mbps (he th6ng Bac My).
r:-7:"l PHW ~ KHW JHW
-
- T~ khi DTM! co rn¢t tuemg ring voi giao di~n nhorn sa e~p PCM thi de dang bao dui'ing.
- C6 th~ chua duqc cae card ADLT (Advanced Digital Line Tester) de do thi'r chat luqng duang day so'.
* Cac dele tin h di¢n Bang 2.3: Giao di¢lI toe d¢ sa atp PCM
H~ thOng Toe dl) truyen dan Ma duimg truy~n CEPT 2.048Mbps HDB3 CEPT 2.048 Mbps CM! Bk My 1.544 Mbps B8ZS
Giao di~n PHW: 32.768 Mbps (truyen d~n kh6ng cfin bilng).
* Di¢n op yell CelU Di~n ap vito DC: -48 V. Cong suat tieu th~: 35.56 W (chuiln).
3.3.3. Cae chue nang
Di~n tra
120/745n
llon lOon
- Ket noi m¢t lap cua giao di~n nh6m so cap PCM gifra h¢ thong tdng diti NEAX-61I den t6ng dai a xa.
- Bien dOi tuemg h6 rna HDB3, rna B8ZS, rna CM! thanh rna NRZ.
- Dong b¢ khung va baa v¢ sl! dong b¢.
- Thich ling pha ella khung eua tclng dai a xu vai pha cua h¢ thong tdng dai NEAX-61I.
- Giam sat loi: Mat dOng btl tin hi~u giao di¢n nhorn sa cap peM, mat dong b¢ khung va cae 16i trtrqt bit.
- Ghep kenh va phOn kcnh.
- Giao di¢n vai cae module trung ke (TM).
- Do thir duang dfiy tfuy6n dan PCM.
3.4. B~ di~u khi~n giao di~n truy~n d~n s6 (DTIC)
3.4.1. Vi tri
DTIC dong vai tfa nhu thie"t bi c:lp eao hem eho DTIM va SHM, qulin 19 vi¢c ghep kenh va phan kenh cae tIn hi~u tho~i. N6 cung dieu khiin DTIM va SHM thfch hgp thOng qua cae bim tin di~u khifn t~ CLP.
102
-
3.4.2. Cae dije tinh kj thuijt.
AjJ LM PHW LaC KHW JHW TSM SSM - -.. -•.... ............ ........ ... _ ......... I···· T .. · .... _-_ . -_ ... -. ... , " - ..•...... - ~ I
I
.... ;:::::~J THMK I I JHW ~ng
'L~ PHW KHW I
c6ng OTIM
~~I:t_·· I ...J ~ng '" '" L·r·········· "--. .. -........ _-I-I I
• TIn hi~u am thanh ASE (HUB)
I CCP-M (CLP) I
llillh 2.16. Fi tri Clia DTIC trong h¢ tM,zg NEIlX-6IE
* Cae dcJc die'm - MOi DTIC giln vao tui da 4 card PMHC.
- MCi card PHMC chUa 4 PHW va KHW.
~ ca:u I1mh kep dOi hoan toan (do do trong mOi DTIC co th6 chua duqc t6i da 8 x 2 PHW va 2 x 2 KHW).
* Cae dfjc tinll di¢n (I) Giao di~n KHW:
- T6c dQ bit:
81.92 Mbps (t6c dQ truy~n diin v~t IY).
65.536 Mbps (t6e dQ truy~n dAn dft li~u).
- H~ th6ng bao hi~u: Mil 4B5B (4bit/5 bit).
- Cau hloh TS: 8bit/TS.
- Cau hloh SF (subframe): 8TS/SF.
- Cau hlnh khung: 125~s/khung.
- Clfu hloh da khung: 12 ho~c 16 khung/da khung.
- Chi~u dai da khung: 1.5 ms ho~c 2 ms/da khung.
103
-
56 TS: 1024 TS/khung.
Kenh B: 512 TS.
Kenh D: 128 TS.
Kenh M: 128 TS.
Kcnh ST: 128 TS.
Kenh dong h6: 9 TS.
Cae kenh kh6ng dung: 119 TS.
(2) Giao di¢n PHW:
- Toe d¢ bit: 32.768 Mbps
- Cau hlnh TS: 8bitrrS.
- Cau hlnh khung: 125fLs/khung.
- Cau hlnh da khung: 9 khung/da khung.
- Chieu dai da khung: 1.125ms/da khung:
- Cae lo~i kenh khk BI, B2, CI, C2, C3, D.
* N gUOfl yeu C{i'u Di?n ap vao DC: -48 V.
COng suat tieu th~: gan biing 112W.
3.4.3. Cae chue niing
DTIC dieu khi6n DTIM va SHM thieh hqp thOng qua cac ban tin dieu khien til CLP. Oie chuc nang chinh cua DTIe nhu sau: '
- Giao di¢n KHW: Ket n6i KHW giiia TSM va DTIC.
- Giao di¢n PHW: Ket n6i PHW giiia: DTIM, SHM, DTIC.
- Bao toan chulii khe thai gian (TSSI).
- Giam sat 16i: Giam sat ca.c loi lrang KHW, DTIe va duqc di~u khien hOi DTIC va thOng bao thOng tin dii giam sat Mn CLP.
- Bien dOi PSD.
- M~ch logic philt hi?n cu¢c gQi (CDL).
4, Giao di~n truyen dan so (OTl) 4,1. Vi Iri
Card DTI cung cap m¢t giao di¢n cho duirng day giao di?n PCM SCI cap cua h¢ th6ng thea luat A.
104
-
(1) In DTIM [ BHW
M PHW U
BHW X
BHW BHW
(2) In ELM "'~ LC DTI
f {f.~ LC ELMC BHW BHW ~ LC DTI
(3) In DTIM
[ BHW
PHW OTlMC LOe BHW
Hl'nh 2.17. Vi tri ella eard DTI trong h¢ thOng NEAX-61I
4.2. Cae d~e Huh ky thu~t 4.2.1. Cdc dijc diim
Chua dugc lu6ng 2.048 Mbps IUAt A, dubng dAy giao di¢n PCM 30 kenh.
Clui y: Khi h¢ th6ng bao hi¢u konh lien t~c kh6ng dugc dung thl TS 16 c6 th~ dugc dung nhu 1 kenh dfr li¢u, do d6 31 kenh c6 the chua dugc dfr li¢u.
4.2.1. Cae d~c linh dj~n
- T6c d¢ bit: 2.048 (Mbps)
- Ma: HDB3
- Gic doi cap cho mbi hu6ng: M¢t doi cap d6i xUng h~c m¢t doi cap d6ng tn)c.
- Di¢n tra dubng day:
75 (0) cho ducmg day khong can bAng.
120 (0) cho dubng day can bii.ng.
4.2.3. Ngu6n yeu cdu
- Di~n ap vao: + 5VDC ± 5%
- Cong suat lieu th~: 320 (mW).
105
-
4.3. Cole ehue nAng
- Bi~n d6i tin hi¢u peM luang c,!c/dO'n qrc.
- Bien d6i tin hi¢u peM don qrc/lucrng c,!c.
- D6ng b¢ khung.
- Phat hi¢n canh baD va chi thi.
- Dong bQ tin hi¢u da khung.
- BOt va chen den/ttl ca.c tin hi¢u peM. - Ket hgp th6ng tin baa hi¢u va tho~i.
- T;ii t
-
5.2. Chuc nang
Bdng 2.4: Cae chuc l/(jng eua TM
Kh6i chuc nang Chuc nang
Giao di~n bus SP - - Chuy~n giao thong tin IC1p 3 ella bao hi~u 56 7 giua thu dOng (SBIS) CCSC va be xiI 19 bao hi¢u kenh chung (CSP).
- Bus dlIQ'C dung cho truyen dan tin hi~u lap 3 thl duQ'c gQi Hl bus duang tho~i tang clICrng (ESP - Bus).
BQ dieu khi~n bac - Thl!c hi~n dieu khien lu6ng tin hi~u, phat hi¢n 16i va hi¢u kenh chung dieu khitn phil l
-
di~n vai tr~m da thfr tham nh~p s6 (DATS) den b¢ giam sat tin hi~u SD (sig-nal Distribition), tin hi~u quet (SCN) va cae kenh ella m6i trung kc.
PHW KHW JHW "$ 'LM 'LaC TSM SSM
-r - - -- ------ - - - ---..---- ---,--- ------- - -, , ,
-
- Ghep kl!nh va phAn kl!nh: T~o ra cac tm hi¢u dieu khien d~ phan kenh cae tin hieu PCM da duae ghCp 30 kenh dU'le giri di tir DTIM. Cae tm hi~u dii dugc phan kenh thi sau do dugc chuytin den cac trung ke clla TM.
- B¢ rna hoa va b¢ gii'ti rna (CODEC): T~o ra cac tm hi~u dieu khien CODEC cho vi¢c di~u khien CODEC. Ngoai ra, module nay se t{to ra cac tm hi~u di6u khi~n PAD de di~u khien sl! suy hoo tm hi~u eho sl! bi~n d6i D/A lxJi CODEC va M di6u ehinh d¢ IOn tm hi~u eho sl! bi€n d6i D/A boi DODEC.
- Tuyl!'n do thu 4 muc: Co th~ thiet l~p lai 4 mue ella tuyen do thu cho vi¢c do thu cac m~ch trung kf analog.
- Giao di¢n b¢ giam sat DATS: Cung eap 1 giao di~n b¢ giam sat cho vi~c giam sat tin hi~u tho~i va tr~ng thai ti'n hi~u SCN/SD. Chuc na.ng nay co san khi DATS (Digital Access Test Station) dugc kel noi den module nay.
6. Module giao di~n deln vi dllilng day d xa (Rluim) 6.1. Vi tri
RLUIM duqe l&p cHt trong t6ng dai ehu thi du'lc ket noi vcri duoog day i:J xa (RLU) ngang qua cae card DTI trong cac DTIM va giao di¢n vai cac thue bao analog a xa va d.c thue bao ISDN (toc d¢ sa cap va toc d¢ cO sa). No dIng gUL va nh~n th6ng lin cu¢c gqi den va llr RLU nha tuyen dieu khi~n (C - LINK) tren duoog day PCM.
Remote office (RLU) Host office
~~~~ - ~H: ~ ~H=--= ~ PCM:- - ~HW _~HW - - ~HW - -I I,", LOC TTl I OTIM ~ - TSM "- SSM I ---' '- --I--r--IT-~ - - . - -1 I
"I~"I ~ - ~ I: : : 'SON I f-- - ~ I I I I ---j /C-- ---- -- "---II- - ------!,~ I I ~ I I I
I I I I I I I ME Hub I I I I I I I I I CCP-M (CLP) I I
LM RLUIM I ---------- "--------------
Hinh 2.20: Vi Ir; cua RLUlM Irong h¢ th6ng NEAX ·612:
109
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6.2. Cae d~e Hnh ky thu~t 6.2.1. Cae d(ic diim
- Dieu khitln len tm 4RLU.
- Chua duqc m¢t duong truyen toe dQ cao K (KHW) de giao di~n vcri TSM. - Co Call hloh kep d6i ben trong RLUIM.
- C6 b¢ nha d~m kep d6i lO'.li chlly~n ~~ch thm gian dti thl!c hi~n baa toan ehu6i khe thai gian (TSSI).
6.2.2. Cae dijc tinh vi di~n
(I) Gi.o di?n KHW:
- T6e dQ bit:
81.92 (Mhps) (t6e d¢ truyen dan v~t 19).
65.536 (Mpbs) (t6e d¢ truyen dan dilli?u).
- H? thong baa hi?u rna: Ma 4B5B (4bit/5bit).
- Cau hlnh TS: 8bitfTS.
- Oiu hlnh SF: (subframe): 8TS/SF.
- Cau hlnh khung: 128SF/khung.
- Chieu dai khung: 125 (~m)/khung.
110
- Cau hlnh da khung: 12 hoae 16 khung/da khung.
- Chicu dai d. khung: 1.5 (ms) hoae 2.0 (ms)/da khung.
- S6 Iu.;mg cae TS: 1024TS/khung.
Kenh B: 512 TS.
Kenh D: 128 TS.
Kenh M: 128 TS.
Kenh d6ng b¢: 9 TS.
(2) Giao di~n PHW:
- Toe d¢ bit: 32.768 (Mbps).
- cau hlnh TS: 8 bitfTS.
- cau hlnh khung: 512TS/khung.
- Chieu dai khung: 125 (~m)/khung.
- Cilu hlnh da khung: 9 khung/da khung.
- Chieu dili da khung: 1.125 (ms)/da khung.
-
- Ok lo~i kenh: 6
Ciic kenh BI, B2, CI, C2, C3 va D
(3) Giaa di~n PHW ISDN (IPHW):
- Toe d¢ bit: 32.768 (Mbps).
- Cau hlnh TS: 8 bitfTS.
- Ciu hlnh SF: 4TS/SF.
- Cau hlnh khung: 128 SFlkhung.
- Chieu dai khung: 125 (~m)lkhung.
- Cae lo~i kenh khac: 6
Cae kenh CI, C3, 1M, Dp, ST
6.2.3. Ngu(in yeu eei'u
- Di~n ap vaa DC - 48 (V)
- Cong suat tieu th~: gan Mng 100 (W).
6.3. Cae ehue nAng
Cae ehue nang chinh ella RLUIM thi cho nhu sau: - Giao di¢n KHW:
Kgt euoi KHW gifta TSM va RLUIM
- Giao di~n PHW: Ket noi PHW gilla DTIM trang tdng dai ehu va RLUIM.
- Baa tOllll ehul>i khe thai gian (TSSI)
Chuyen m~ch thai gian (TSW) duge dung trang RLUIM so dam baa kh6ng co sl! rna} chu6i khe thai gian ngay thOi dh~m chuy~n m~ch nhu Iii co 1 cau hlnh ghep dOi .
• Dieu khien X.25:
Giri va nh~n thong tin giii'a t6ug dai ehu va t6ng dai v¢ tinh bang each sir d~ng thu t~e HDLC phu hqp vai khuygn nghi X.25 eua lTV - T.
- Giam sat 16i:
Giam sat cae 16i trang KHW, RLUIM va thigt bi duge dieu khien boi RLUIM va thong baa thong tin dii duge giam sat den b¢ xu 1y eu¢e goi (CLP).
- SI! bien dOi PAD:
Bu l
-
thu~ bao, eiing nhu s,! thay d6i trong rnue tin hi¢u thO
-
Cae tuyen s6 thuQe lo~i i:J BAe My ho~e CEPT: 64 (Kbps), 56 (Kbps), 48 (Kbps) (Io~i I~y tfQn bit).
Cae tuyen analog thuQe Bae My ho~e CEPT: 48 (Kbps), 19.2 (Kbps), 9.6 (Kbps), 4.8 (Kbps).
Tuyen so TIC: 48 (Kbps) (Io~i duang bao X.50), 4.8 (Kbps) (Io~i duilng bao X. 50).
- Lo~i giao di¢n (cho ca.c tuy~n analog); V.24 ho~c V.35