grammar book 2
TRANSCRIPT
Libro De GramLibro De Gramática ática EspañolEspañol
Miguel Lanier Miguel Lanier
77thth period period
Table of ContentsTable of Contents
3.3. Presente -ar –er –ir 15. Preterite Presente -ar –er –ir 15. Preterite4.4. Stem Changers 16. Irregulars- Stem Changers 16. Irregulars-
CarGarZarCarGarZar
5.5. Irregulars –go –zco –yo 17. spock Irregulars –go –zco –yo 17. spock 6.6. Saber vs conocer 18. cucaracha Saber vs conocer 18. cucaracha 7.7. Reflexives 19. snakey/snakeys Reflexives 19. snakey/snakeys8.8. ‘se’ impersonal 20.Comparatives ‘se’ impersonal 20.Comparatives 9.9. Dipthongs 21. SuperlativesDipthongs 21. Superlatives10.10. Verbs like…Uir/guir 22. FutureVerbs like…Uir/guir 22. Future11.11. Verbs like…Cer/cir 23. irregulars Verbs like…Cer/cir 23. irregulars 12.12. Verbs like…Ger/girVerbs like…Ger/gir13.13. Hace +__+ que + present/presententeHace +__+ que + present/presentente14.14. Imperfecto Imperfecto
Ar, Er, IrAr, Er, Ir Los verbos regulares en el presenteLos verbos regulares en el presente
Caminar-
Camino
Camina
Caminas Caminamos
Caminan
Comer-
Como Comemos
Comes Comen
Come
Vivir-
Vivo Vivimos
Vives Viven
Vive
Stem Changers(boot Stem Changers(boot verbs)verbs)
The verbs change in the rootThe verbs change in the root They do not change in the They do not change in the
nosotros form or the vosotrosnosotros form or the vosotros E >ieE >ie O >ueO >ue U >ueU >ue
Pensar-Pienso
Irregulars -go -zco -yoIrregulars -go -zco -yo
The “go” “zco” verbs are only in the The “go” “zco” verbs are only in the irregulars in the yo formirregulars in the yo form
““go” verbs- caer, decir, oir, puner, hacer, go” verbs- caer, decir, oir, puner, hacer, tener, traer, venirtener, traer, venir
““zco” verbs (cer/cir)- conocer, producir, zco” verbs (cer/cir)- conocer, producir, conducirconducir
y los demás – ser, ir, estar, ver,y los demás – ser, ir, estar, ver,
saber, darsaber, darYo - Conozco
Yo - Produzco
Yo - Conduzco
Yo – Tengo
Yo – Hago
Yo - Vengo
Ser- Ir-
Soy Somos Voy Vamos
Eres Son Vas Van
Es Va
Saber Vs ConocerSaber Vs Conocer
saber y conocer= to knowsaber y conocer= to know ““yo” forms are irregularyo” forms are irregular
Conocer- Conozco conocemosConoces ConocenConoce
Saber – Sé sabemosSabes sabenSabe
ReflexivesReflexives
Brenda Brenda sese lava- se is reflexive lava- se is reflexive Reflexives also can be added on Reflexives also can be added on
the end of an infinitive. Such as…- the end of an infinitive. Such as…- Puedo Puedo ververmeme en el espejo en el espejo
‘‘se impersonalse impersonal
pronoun ”se” is in front of verbs pronoun ”se” is in front of verbs to make general statements.to make general statements.
¿cómo se dice man en español?¿cómo se dice man en español? In English it translates to either In English it translates to either
“you say” or “one says.”“you say” or “one says.” How do you that in spanish?How do you that in spanish?
Dipthongs w/accentsDipthongs w/accents
Dipthongs are the strong or weak Dipthongs are the strong or weak vowels in a word next to each vowels in a word next to each other.other.
Strong vowel sounds are a,e,o.Strong vowel sounds are a,e,o. Weak vowel sounds are i,u,y.Weak vowel sounds are i,u,y. ppueuerto, crto, ciuiudad, sdad, sieiete, hte, hayay..
Verbs like…Uir/GuirVerbs like…Uir/Guir
-Yo form only changes from Gu to G -Yo form only changes from Gu to G -Conseguir-Conseguirconsiconsiggooconsiguesconsiguesconsigueconsigueconseguimosconseguimosconsiguenconsiguen
-Nosotros form is the only that -Nosotros form is the only that doesn’t change.doesn’t change.-Verbs that end in -uir (not guir) add y -Verbs that end in -uir (not guir) add y before o, e, and a endingsbefore o, e, and a endings-atribuir -atribuir atribuatribuyyooatribuatribuyyesesatribuatribuyyeeatribuimosatribuimosatribuatribuyyenen
GUIR UIR
Verbs like…Cer/cirVerbs like…Cer/cir
vowelvowel + cer or cir + cer or cir add z beforeadd z before the c in the yo form only. the c in the yo form only.
consonantconsonant + cer or cir + cer or cir changechange the c to z in the yo form only. the c to z in the yo form only.
conducir = conduconducir = conduzczcoo ejercer = ejerejercer = ejerzzoo
Verbs like…Ger/girVerbs like…Ger/gir
Verbs that end in ger and gir Verbs that end in ger and gir change the g to j in the yo form change the g to j in the yo form only.only.
coger = cojocoger = cojo fingir = finjofingir = finjo
Hace +__+ que + Hace +__+ que + Present/PresententePresent/Presentente The yo form is the only irregularThe yo form is the only irregular HagoHago, , haces, hace, hacemos, haces, hace, hacemos,
hacenhacen
ImperfectoImperfecto
The imperfect tense is used to The imperfect tense is used to refer to actions in the past that refer to actions in the past that occurred repeatedly. occurred repeatedly.
Yo caminYo caminabaaba todo los días. todo los días.
Er/Ir-
íaíasíaíamosían
Ar-abaabasabaábamosaban
Ser-
eraeraseraéramoseran
Ver-
veíaveíasveíaveíamosveían
Ir-
ibaibasibaíbamosiban
PreteritePreterite
-Past tense Past tense -Known beginning Known beginning -Snap shotSnap shot
Trigger wordsTrigger words
Ayer Ayer
AnocheAnoche
Anteayer Anteayer
La semana pasadaLa semana pasada
éé íí
aste iste aste iste
óó íío o
amos imosamos imos
aron ieron aron ieron
Esto el preterio Esto el preterio
Stem changes
Los irregulagurosLos irregulaguros
-Only in you
-Ex. Tocar-toqué. Jugar-jugué. Comenzar-comencé
spockspock
Ir,ser dar,verIr,ser dar,ver Fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron dar- di, diste, dio, dimos, Fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron dar- di, diste, dio, dimos,
dierondieron
ver- vi, viste, vio, vimos, vieronver- vi, viste, vio, vimos, vieron
Hacer Hacer Hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicieronHice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicieron
cucarachacucaracha
Andar anduve - If verb Andar anduve - If verb conjugation conjugation
Estar estuve ends in a j, Estar estuve ends in a j, drop drop
Poder pude the I. Poder pude the I.
Poner puse Poner puse
Querer quise conducir-condujQuerer quise conducir-conduj
Saber supe producir-produjSaber supe producir-produj
Tener tuve traducir-traduj Tener tuve traducir-traduj
Venir vineVenir vine
Snake/snakeySnake/snakey
Stem changers and y changers Stem changers and y changers Changes the root of the verb in Changes the root of the verb in
the preterite only in the usted the preterite only in the usted and usteded forms. and usteded forms.
Dormir LeerDormir LeerDormi dorimos
Dormiste
Durimo durmiero
Lei leimos
Leiste
Leyo leyeron
compartivescompartives
Mas que..More than Mas que..More than Menos que..less/fewer than Menos que..less/fewer than Tan..come as Tan..come as Tanto como.. As much/many as Tanto como.. As much/many as Are the comparison of a person or Are the comparison of a person or
thing to another thing.thing to another thing.
superlativessuperlatives
Indicate that one person or thing Indicate that one person or thing is the best, least, or worst. is the best, least, or worst.
Noun+mNoun+más or menos+ adjective ás or menos+ adjective Es la ciudad menos intersante del Es la ciudad menos intersante del
mundo.mundo.
FutureFuture
Infinitive+ Infinitive+ trigger wordstrigger words é todos los diasé todos los dias áás Siempres Siempre á a menudoá a menudo emos Por lo generalemos Por lo general áán n Ir+a+infinitiveIr+a+infinitive
Irregulars
Decir-dir Haber-habr Poder-podr Poner-ponr Querer-querr Saber-sabr Salir-saldr Tener-tendr Valer-valdr- Vanir-vendr
PARTE DOSPARTE DOS
Imperfect vs. Preterite Imperfect vs. Preterite Conditional vs. Future Conditional vs. Future Por Por Para Para Commands Commands Pres. perfect Pres. perfect Double object pronounsDouble object pronouns Adverbs Adverbs Subjunctive Subjunctive Se impersonal Se impersonal Progresssive- ir, andar, seguirProgresssive- ir, andar, seguir
Imperfect vs. PreteriteImperfect vs. Preterite
Use is for past events!
EAsteO Amos aron
I Iste IoImosieron
Aba AbasAba Abamos aban
Ia Ias IaIasmosian
Conditional vs. FutureConditional vs. Future
Infinitive + ending
PorPor
To indicate the cause of or reason for To indicate the cause of or reason for something something
To indicate support for or action on behalf To indicate support for or action on behalf of some person or cause of some person or cause
To indicate an exchange of some sort To indicate an exchange of some sort To indicate being in a place To indicate being in a place por ciertopor cierto (by the way), (by the way), por lo generalpor lo general
(generally), (generally), por supuestopor supuesto (of course), (of course), por otra por otra parteparte (on the other hand), (on the other hand), por finpor fin (finally), (finally), por lo por lo menosmenos (at least) (at least)
ParaPara
To mean "in order to“ To mean "in order to“ To indicate purpose, intent, usefulness or To indicate purpose, intent, usefulness or
need need To indicate a destination To indicate a destination To mean "no later than" or "by“To mean "no later than" or "by“ To mean "no later than" or "by“ To mean "no later than" or "by“ To mean "no later than" or "by“To mean "no later than" or "by“ Estoy para salir. Estoy para salir. (I'm ready to leave. I am about (I'm ready to leave. I am about
to leave.) to leave.) Estamos para hacer negocios.Estamos para hacer negocios. (We're (We're ready to do business. We're ready for doing ready to do business. We're ready for doing business.)business.)
Commands
AR Verbs IR/ER
Verbs
Usted e aUstedes en an
Infinitive
Yo form Ud. form
salir salgo salgahacer hago hagaPoner pongo ponga
decir digo digainfinitive
estar estoy estedar doy deser soy seair voy vaya
Put In Yo Form!!!!
Present Perfect
Ex. Has slept, have been, had left He – yo ar- ado ir/er - ido Has - tu Ha – el/ella he comido – I have eaten
Hemos – nosotros has comido – you have eaten
Han - ellos
Double Object Pronouns Are either placed either directly
before a conjugated verb or attached to an infinitive.
Give it to me – Da-me-lo No lelo! Di le lo – Diselo Si lo di a ella – I gave it to her
Adverbs
Ends the – mente after verb. The o changes to a Rapido- rapidamente Facil- facilmente Normally- normalmente
List of other adverbs
Bastante – quite
Demoasinado – too
Mucho- a lot
Peor- worse
Poco – little
Siempre - always
Subjunctive
Attitudes, uncertain, hypothetical
Es bueno que Es mejor que Ojala que es
necesario que
hablar comer
Hable coma
hables comas
hable coma
Hablemos comamos
hablen coman
W-wish E-emotion D-doubt D-denial I-impersonal expression N-negation G-god
Se impersonal
Use SE to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of the verb
• SE vende fruta en la fruteria. When using SE, the verb is always in the 3rd person • Aqui se habla espanol Se can be used in all tenses • Se hizo mucho • Se hara mucho • Se habia mucho
Progressive + Ir, Andar, Seguir IR + ando/yiendo/yendo
Is slowly but surely ______ ing.Voy cantando una cancion.
Andar Ando/yiendo/yendo Is going around _______ing. Jaime ando buscando trabajo.
Seguir (e<I) Ando/yiendo/yendoIs still _______ing. Siguen estudiendo historia.