gramar 1 lesson 1
TRANSCRIPT
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GRAMMARCASUAL
CONVERSATION
Module 1, Lesson 1
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Part A: What is a contraction?
Lets learn more about contractions.
A contraction is two words shortened into one. A letter (or letters) is left out.
An apostrophe () goes in the place of the missing letter(s).
For answering Yes
(Positively):
I am I m
It is /It has Its
He is Hes
She is Shes
There is Theres
We are Were
We will Well
For answering No(negatively):
I am not Im not
Is not isnt
Are not arent
Will not wont
You can say:
I am hot. Im hot.
It is hot. Its hot.
He is hot. Hes hot.
She is hot. Shes hot.
They are hot. Theyre hot.
We are hot. Were hot.
There is snow. Theres snow.
We will have snow. Well have snow.
You can say:
I am not hot. Im not hot.
It is not hot. It isnt hot.
He is not hot He isnt hot.
She is not hot She isnt hot.
They are not hot. They arent hot.
We are not hot. We arent hot.
There is not any snow. There isnt any
snow.We will not have snow We wont have
snow.
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Exercise 1
Try the following exercises. Make each sentence negative.
Example: Its a warm day.It isnt a warm day.
1. Its a beautiful day. _________________________________________________
2. Im cold.__________________________________________________________
3. Its a sunny day.____________________________________________________
4. Were cold.________________________________________________________
5. Theyre warm.______________________________________________________
6. Its windy._________________________________________________________
Exercise 2
Make these sentences positive.
Example: It isnt warm.
Its warm.
1. It isnt snowy._______________________________________________________
2. Im not cold._________________________________________________________
3. It isnt windy.________________________________________________________
4. They arent cold._____________________________________________________
5. We arent cold.______________________________________________________
6. It wont rain.________________________________________________________
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Exercise 3
Practice the following statements:
I am / Im
hot ______________________________
warm _____________________________
cold ______________________________
Exercise 4
Write am or is in the spaces provided.
1. It___________________________________very nice today.
2. I______________________________________fine, thanks.
3. I________________________________________________well.
4. The weather___________________________________beautiful.
5. The dog__________________________________fine, too.
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Exercise 5
Make sentences. Use is or am.
Example: (Yen, is, today, fine) = Yen is fine today.
1. (I, cold, am) _____________________________________________________.
2. (It, today, is, warm)_______________________________________________.
3. (It, day, is, isnt it?, a lovely)_________________________________________.
4. ( I thanks, am, and you?, fine)________________________________________.
5. (It, and, is, warm, sunny)____________________________________________.
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Part B: What is a sentence?
A sentence is a group of words that tells about something or someone, or asks about
something or someone.
It shows a complete thought.
A sentence must:
1. Start with a capital letter.
2. End with punctuation ( . ? !).
3. Have a subject (s).
4. Have a verb (v).
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Part C: What is the subject (s) of a sentence?
The subject is the
person
place
thing or
quality
that the sentence is telling about or asking about.
Examples:
Kazikis my friend. (Person)
The neighbourhoodis pretty. (Place)
The snowis beautiful. (Thing)
Love is happiness. (Quality)
The subjectis also a noun. A nounis a person, place or thing.
A nouncan be a proper noun or a common noun.
Proper nounsare nouns that name a particular person, place, or thing.
Common nounsare all other nouns that arent proper nouns.
Examples:
Kazik is my friend.
The neighbourhood is pretty.
Proper noun
(subject)
common noun
common noun
(subject)
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Part D: What is the verb (v) of a sentence?
The verb shows the
actionor
state of being
of the subject of the sentence.
Examples:
Yen lives in a pretty neighbourhood.
Yen likesher neighbourhood.
Yen ismy friend.
A sentenceis made up of a subject (s) and a verb (v) in order to be a
complete thought.
Subject + Verb = Sentence
(s) (v) (complete thought)
What someone
Doesa physical action
What someone
Thinksa mental action
What someone
Isa state of being
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Part E: What is a pronoun?
A pronounis a word that can take the place of a noun.
Pronouns that take the place of singular nouns are:
I
Me
You
He
Him
She
Her
It
Pronounsthat take the place of plural nouns are:
We
Us
You
They
ThemExamples of singular pronouns are:
Michelle is pretty. Sheis pretty. / Shes pretty.
Snowis cold. It iscold. / Itscold.
Kazikis nineteen. He isnineteen. / Hesnineteen.
Examples of plural pronouns are:
Yen and Katyaare neighbours. They areneighbours.
Theyreneighbours.
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Exercise 1
Make a list of five Do action verbs and five think action verbs in the spaces
provided below.
Do Action Verbs Think Action Verbs(Physical) (Mental)
Example:
walk think
1.____________________ ________________
2.___________________ ________________
3.___________________ ________________
4.___________________ ________________
5.___________________ ________________
Exercise 2
Make five sentences using either a Do action verb or a think action verb.
1. ______________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________
Exercise 3
Choose the correct pronoun to take the place of the underlined noun.
1. Mr. Rzewinski is another neighbour. (he, she)2. Everyday Yen goes for a walk. (they, she)
3. Frank is a baby. (it, he)
4. Monica goes to university. (she, it)
5. Yen talks to her neighbours about the weather. (he, she)
6. Monica and Mr. Rzewinski are neighbours. (it, they)
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Part F: When do I use the verb be?
Sentenceswith the verb be describe people or things.
The verb be can have different forms:
I am
You are
He is / she is / it is
We are
They areWe use the verb bein sentences together with nouns.
Remember: nounsdescribe a person, place or thing.
Example:
Monica is a student.
(subject, noun) (verb) (noun)
She is a student.
(subject, pronoun) (verb) (noun)
We also use the verb bein sentences together with adjectives.Example:
Monica is great.
(subject, noun) (verb) (adjective)
She is great.
(subject, pronoun) (verb) (adjective)
Sometimes we put nouns and adjectivestogether in a sentence with the verb be.Example:
Monica is a great student.
(subject, noun) (verb) (adjective) (noun)
She is a great
student.
(subject, pronoun) (verb) (adjective) (noun)
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The Verb be Statements
Table #1: Positive Statements (be)
Here are some examples of simple sentences.
Pronoun Verb be
I + amYou + areHe + isShe + is + noun (student) or adjective (great)It + isWe + areThey + are
Examples:
I am terrific.
You are pretty.
He is happy.
She is friendly.
It is a hot day.
We are fine.
They are wonderful.
Table #2: Negative Statements (be)
Here are some examples of simple sentences.
Pronoun Verb be + Not
I + am notYou + are notHe + is not
She + is not + noun (student) or adjective (great)It + is notWe + are notThey + are not
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Examples:
I am not sad.
You arent (are not) happy.
He isnt (is not) Canadian.
She isnt (is not) cute.
It isnt (is not) a hot day.
We arent (are not) fine.
They arent (are not) friendly.
The Verb be Questions
We put the verb be before the subject to make questions.
Table #3: Questions (be)
Verb be Pronoun
Am + IAre + youIs + heIs + she + noun (student) or adjective (happy)?Is + it
Are + we
Are + theyExample:
Am I first?
Are you a Canadian?
Is he a teacher?
Is she married?
Is it hot?
Are we late?Are you Americans?
Are they citizens?
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Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks using the verb be. Look at Table 1 and 2 for help.
Example:
Positive sentence: You ________________. You are beautiful.
Negative sentence: She ________________. She isnt happy.
1. positive sentence: You _____________
2. positive sentence: He _________________
3. negative sentence: It _________________
4. negative sentence: They _____________
5. positive sentence: We _________________6. negative sentence: You _____________
7. positive sentence: She _____________
8. negative sentence: I _________________
9. positive sentence: I _________________
10. negative sentence: We _________________
Exercise 2
Tell me about yourself. Fill in the blanks.
I am _________________________________________________________
I am not _______________________________________________________
My best friend is________________________________________________
My apartment is_________________________________________________
My apartment isnt_______________________________________________
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Exercise 3
Write 10 sentences about different people in your family (e.g. father, mother, sister,
brother, daughter, son, grandfather, grandmother, uncle, aunt, cousins)
Use the verb be to make your sentences.
Exercise 4
Tell me the name of this famous person.
She is French Canadian.
She is very thin.
She is very famous.
She is a singer.
She is ____________________________.
Describe three famous people. Read these descriptions to your learning partner. Tell
your partner to guess the names of these people.
1.
2.
3.
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Exercise 5
Fill in the blanks by using the verb be to make questions.
1.______________________________________________a doctor?
2.______________________________________________friends?
3.______________________________________________windy?
4.______________________________________________a nurse?
5.______________________________________________tired?
6.______________________________________________soldiers?
7.______________________________________________Tuesday?
8.______________________________________________divorced?
9.______________________________________________sleepy?
10.______________________________________________parents?
Exercise 6
Answer these questions using the verb be:
Example: Are you tired today?
Yes, I am. or No, I am not. or No, Im not.
1. Are you rich?
____________________________________________________________
2. Are you sleepy now?
____________________________________________________________3. Is your husband / wife home?
____________________________________________________________
4. Is your apartment small?
____________________________________________________________
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5. Is English your first language?
____________________________________________________________
6. Are you tired in the morning?
____________________________________________________________
7. Is your family big?
____________________________________________________________
8. Are you busy on weekends?
____________________________________________________________
Exercise 7
Now, make some questions using the verb be. Ask your learning partner these
questions.
1. Are you_____________________________________________________?
2. Are you_____________________________________________________?
3. Are you_____________________________________________________?
4. Is__________________________________________________________?
5. Is__________________________________________________________?
6. Is__________________________________________________________?
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Exercise 8
Ask your learning partner about his / her best friend.
Example:
Is he / she tall?
Is he / she beautiful?
Is he / she a teacher?
Is_________________________________________________________?
Is_________________________________________________________?
Is_________________________________________________________?
Is_________________________________________________________?
Is_________________________________________________________?
Is_________________________________________________________?
Is_________________________________________________________?
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Part G: When do I use the present continuous tense?
We use present continuous to describe an action in progress. The action takes place:
now at this moment right now
Present Continuous Statements
Structure:
Subject(person or thing) + the verb be(am, is, are, am not, isnt, arent) + verb(basic form
+ ing).
I am walking
(subject) (verb be) (verb basic form + ing)
We can also add an object (dinner, movie, etc.), place(school, kitchen, etc.) and t ime(now,
at this moment, etc.) to the sentence.
or
He is cooking dinner now.
(subject) (verb be) (verb basic form + ing) (object) (time)
Remember:Spelling Rules
When a verb ends with e, we change drop the e before we add the ending.
writewriting
closeclosing
taketaking
When a verb ends with a vowel followed by a consonant, we add the same consonant to
the ing construction.
runrunning
sitsitting
getgetting
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Table #4: Positive Statements (present continuous)
Pronoun Verb be
I + am (or Im)
You + are (or youre)
He + is (or hes)
She + is (or shes)
It + is (or its) + verb + ing (read+ing, walk+ing)
We + are (or were)
You + are (or youre)
They + are (or theyre)
Examples:
I am skating.
You are reading.
He is laughing.
She is swimming.
It is raining.
We are cooking.
You are biking.
They are sleeping.
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Table #5: Negative Statements (present continuous)
Pronoun Verb be
I + am not (or Im not)
You + are not (or youre not)
He + is not (or hes not)
She + is not (or shes not) + verb + ing (read+ing, walk+ing)
It + is not (or its not)
We + are not (or were not)
You + are not (or youre not)
They + are not (or theyre not)
Examples:
I am not drinking.
You are not skating.
He is not writing.
She is not listening.
It is not snowing.
We are not shopping.
You are not eating.
They are not working.
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Present Continuous Questions
We put the verb be in front of a subject to make questions.
Table #6: Questions (present continuous)
Verb be Pronoun
Am + I
Are + you
Is + he
Is + she + verb + ing (read+ing, walk+ing)
Is + it
Are + we
Are + you
Are +they
Examples:
Am I disturbing you?
Are you watching TV?
Is he helping you?
Is she sleeping?
Is it raining now?
Are we getting there?
Are they driving this car now?
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Exercise 1
Make sentences using the verb be and the present continuous tense.
Example:
(I, take home books) I am taking home books.
1. (They, listen to language tapes)______________________________________
2. (The librarian, help Ronny) __________________________________________
3. (I, get a library card)________________________________________________
4. (You, read a magazine)_____________________________________________
5. (Juan, save money)________________________________________________
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Exercise 2
Match each sentence with the correct picture by drawing a line.
They are walking in the park.
He is reading the newspaper.
We are watching a play.
You are listening to music.
He is eating.
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Exercise 3
Fill in the blanks by using the correct form of the verb be and the present continuous
tense.
Example: I think am thinking about this answer.
1. They (eat)____________________________ breakfast in the kitchen now.
2. She (sing) ____________________________ a beautiful song.
3. We (sit) ____________________________ in the living room at this moment.
4. John (drive)____________________________ on a highway now.
5. Betty (not/watch)____________________________ TV now.
6. Paul and Claudio (not/play) ____________________________ soccer.
7. The weather is very nice. It isnt____________________________.
8. She (write)____________________________ a letter to a friend.
Exercise 4
Complete these sentences by adding a subject and a noun/ adjective and
object/place/time. If you need to, review Part G on page
Example: She is reading a book now.
1. watching
2. sleeping
3. driving ____
4. washing
5. listening to ____
6. dancing
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7. playing
8. talking ____
9. eating ____
10. drinking
Exercise 5
Some of the sentences below have mistakes in them. Underline these mistakes.
1. She is watching TV in the bedroom.
2. He is riding on a bicycle.
3. Mark and Paul is playing baseball now.
4. Susan is sleeping on a sofa.
5. He is writeing a letter to his mother.
6. They are cuting the grass at this moment.
7. She are smiling at me.
8. They arent eatting dinner now.
Now, correct each sentence above and rewr i te each o ne in the space below.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
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Exercise 6
Like Yen in the reading, go for a walk around your neighbourhood. Describe what you
see, who you speak to, what you hear, etc.
Example: A woman is crossing the street.A child is riding a bicycle.
Now, you write:
Exercise 7
It is Monday, 8 a.m. Tell me what is happening in your house. Use your imagination.
Example: Im watching TV.
My daughter is talking on the phone.
Write at least six sentences.
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Exercise 8
Make questions using the verb be and the present continuous tense.
Example: (a book, now, you, read)Are you reading a book now?
1. (drink, he, in the kitchen) ______________________
2. (to the radio, listen, they, in the bedroom) ___________________
3. (my car, in his garage, repair, a mechanic) ______________________
4. (sing, she, a song) ___________________
5. (John, paint, the living room) ___________________
6. (you, sleep) ______________________
7. (have, they, a party, now) ___________________
8. (Lili, read, her daughter, to, a story) ___________________
Exercise 9
Change these sentences into questions using the verb be and the present continuous
tense.Example: We are singing loudly
Are we singing loudly?
1. They are smiling at her. ______________________
2. Rafiq is riding a bus to school. ________________
3. She is vacuuming the living room. ________________
4. He is reading a magazine. ___________________
5. They are watering the flowers. ___________________
6. The dog is barking. _________________________
7. Arafa is studying English. ___________________
8. It is snowing. ___________________________
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Exercise 10
Some of the questions below have mistakes. Underline these mistakes.
1. Are they taking computer classes?
2. Is she jogging now?
3. Is he read a letter in the bedroom?
4. Are John playing guitar in the living room?
5. Is she taking a shower now?
6. Is they mowing the grass?
7. Is she cleaning the bathroom?
8. Are Mark and Cleo drinking beer now?
Now, correct sentences above and rewrite each one.
1. ______________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________________
7. ______________________________________________________________
8. ______________________________________________________________
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Exercise 11
Complete these questions.
1. ___________ in the kitchen?
2. ___________ she ______ ?
3. Are _______________________ ?
4. __________________ now?
5. you ________?
6. listening ________ ?
7. Is _____________________________ ?
8. he _______________________?
9. they ________________?
Exercise 12
Answer these questions about you and your family.
1. Are you wearing jeans now? _______________________
2. Is your wife / husband working now? ______________________
3. Is your radio playing a song at this moment? _______________________
4. Are you sitting now? ________________________________
5. Are you feeling tired? __________________________
6. Are you getting hungry? __________________________
7. Is your wife / husband doing something in the house? ___________________
8. Is your fridge making noises at this moment? _______________________
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Exercise 13
Tell your learning partner that it is now Sunday, 11:30 a.m.
Ask your learning partner about things that he /she and his / her family members aredoing.
Example: Are you walking in a park?
Is your daughter talking on the phone?
Think of at least six questions:
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________