grade 9 revision booklet

7/31/2019 Grade 9 Revision Booklet

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Grade 9 Revision Booklet B

Causes of the Great Depression

Hoovers responses to the Great Depression

FDRs responses to the Great Depression Rise of Dictators in Europe

Americas involvement in WWII from

Isolationism to Interventionism


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Causes of the Wall Street Crash 1929

Poor Distribution of Wealth Wealthy peopletoo rich and poor people have too little money

Too many people relied on Credit or easy

money Consumers stop buying goods and industry

struggles

Stock Market Prices too high

People speculate on the stock market withsavings


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Effects of the Crash on America

3 Million Americans lost their jobs

Businesses could not borrow money from

banks

Families stopped being goods and businesses

got into greater trouble


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Hoovers Responce

Relies on Cooperation with Businesses andVoluntary Action

Believed in as little government action as

possible Thought unnecessary government action as evil

Believed in Rugged Individualism

Hoover eventually accepted that his beliefs werewrong passed the Federal Home Building Law toencourage the building of homes and the


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Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act 1930

One of Hoovers major efforts to address the

economic crisis was the 1930 Smoot-Hawley Tariff

Act.

Tariffs are fees on imported goods that raise their

cost, making it more likely that American purchasers

buy cheaper American goods.

However this policy was a disaster as it stopped tradewith other countries and European countries put

similar taxes on American Goods


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FDRs Responce

Responds quickly to deal with the crisis

Closes all banks in America and only opens

5000, (Healthy Banks) with Government

Money (Emergency Banking Act )

Passes regulations to control sale of shares

(Securities Exchange Commission)

Passes a number of measures to improve the

American Economy, known as the New Deal


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FDR wanted

Relief - from unemployment, poverty

Recovery - of economy

Reform - of financial system


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New Deal Programs

Federal Emergency Relief Administration Tried to meet immediate needs of the poor $500 million for soup kitchens, blankets, nursery schools, employment

schemes

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Sought to employ young men Men signed up for six month tours of duty Environmental projects in national parks Most $$$ went to mens families Employed 2.5 million men

Agricultural Adjustment Admin. (AAA) Set quotas for cereals to slowly increase prices Also helped farmers modernize, conserve soil Extreme cases received mortgage help Overall, very good for farmers, though modernization had unforeseen

consequence of putting more farm laborers out of work!


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Rise of the Dictators

Dictators rose across Europe because

A number of these countries lost in WWI

The countries suffered heavily in the GreatDepression and had High Unemployment

Citizens of these countries wanted their

governments to be strong and economically

successful


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Russia Communism- Stalin

Communism is a political, social, economic system

where the government controls everything-

making sure that all get what they need.

Josef Stalin came to power by killing all of hisenemies

Stalin ordered many soldiers, engineers and

teachers who challenged him to be murdered Introduced 5 Year Plans to Industrialize Russia

and make it stronger


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Italy Fascism- Benito Mussolini

Fascism - Glorification of the all powerful state

at the expense of the individual

Fascism loves Private Property, Military,

Obedience

Fascism hates democracy, communism, freedom

Benito Mussolini, an ex soldier came to power

after the Italian Monarchy collapsed


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Germany Nazism - Hitler

Nazism (National Socialism) a political ideologypromoting Germanic racial superiority . Said theGerman nation and the purported "Aryan" racewere superior to other races.

Hitler immediately started disagreeing with theTreaty of Versailles by

building up his military (militarism)

Stopped paying war debts to the allies

Hitler also began getting his country ready for war.

Began drafting men into the army

Made very nationalistic speeches (very pro-German andanti-Semitic, anti-anything other than German)


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Americas involvement in the War

America shocked by Hitler in Europe and Japanese in Asiahowever, they believed Neutrality was best

The Neutrality Act of 1939 contained a cash-and-carryprovision favoring the Allies.

The Selective Service Act provided for a military draft.

FDR agreed to give Britain battleships in exchange fordefense bases.

Land Lease Act provided Britian, Russia and othercountries with supplies to help them fight the Germans


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FDR wanted war

He identified 4 freedoms the Germans

threatened

freedom of speech

freedom of worship

freedom from want

freedom from fear


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America eventually entered the war

because...

German U- Boats sank American merchant

ships

Hitler would eventually attack America

Japan attacked America at Pearl Harbour


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Keywords

Black Tuesday

G.N.P

Great Depression

Dust Bowl

Tariff Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act

Herbert Hoover

Shares

New Deal FDR

Treaty of Versailles

Communism

Nazism

Fascism

Isolationism

Interventionism Land Lease Act

grade 9 revision booklet

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