grad cog speech perception - rice universityrmartin/speechperc.pdf · continuous speech -...
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time
frequency
Spectogram of the word “nine”
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Prevoiced - 65 ms
Voiced /di/ - 13 ms Voiceless /ti/ - 54 ms
Variations in Voice Onset Time
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Voice Onset Time
Identification of stimuli varying on voice onset time as ba or paP
erc
en
t
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-10 0 10 20 30 40
10 20 30 40 50 60
VOT for discrimination pair
Discrimination of ba-pa stimuli
PredictedObtained
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Continuous speech - segmentation problem
“alameno” letter name?
“Oh, say can you see by the donzerly light”
Effects of context - Pollack & Pickett (1964)
Surreptitiously record spontaneous speech
In context, subjects identity 98% of wordsExcise words in isolation - only 46% correct
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Cohort modelMarslen-Wilson
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Effects of subsequent context on speech perception
I better do my laundry.
I bet her five dollars.
Experiment (Massaro):
I want to go under the building.I want the gold under the building.
Stimulus ambiguous between “to” and “the” -Decrease sound energy of onset, sounds like “th”
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PercentIdentificationsas “the”
+ goldx go
Sound energy (db) attentuation-Greater attentuation sounds like “th”
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Elman and McClellandTrace Model
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Statistical Learning by 8-Month-Old Infants
Saffran, Aslin, Newport (1996)
“bidakupadotigolabubidaku…..”
Infants heard 2 min of continuous speech - 4 three-syllable nonsense “words” - e.g. “bidaku” “padoti”Randomly ordered
How do children learn to segment words?
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“bi dakupadotigolabubidaku…..”
Transitional probabilities:
Within “word” (daku) - 1.00Between “word” (tigol) - .33
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Infant listening times:
“Words” 6.8 secOther 7.6 sec
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Long-Term Learning of WordsJusczyk & Hohne (1997)
8 mo old infants10 times in 2 weeks hear 30 minutes of speech - threestories for children
Test: two weeks later, head-turn preference procedure usedLists of words common in stories or matched words notpresented
Control condition: no exposure to stories, same test
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Memory for story word s
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Exposure No Exposure
Story wordsControl words