grace!and!grace!products!tutorial!! jeanne!sauber,!nasa… · 2015-07-17 · 180 190 200 210 220...

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Thanks for the opportunity to get out of my NASA office GRACE and GRACE Products Tutorial Jeanne Sauber, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

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Page 1: GRACE!and!GRACE!Products!Tutorial!! Jeanne!Sauber,!NASA… · 2015-07-17 · 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 Postseismic!gravity!change!

Thanks    for  the  opportunity  to  get  out  of  my  NASA  office  

GRACE  and  GRACE  Products  Tutorial    Jeanne  Sauber,  NASA  Goddard  Space  Flight  Center  

Page 2: GRACE!and!GRACE!Products!Tutorial!! Jeanne!Sauber,!NASA… · 2015-07-17 · 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 Postseismic!gravity!change!

 J.  Davis  CIDER  presentaFon,  July  10,  2015  

*   *  

Page 3: GRACE!and!GRACE!Products!Tutorial!! Jeanne!Sauber,!NASA… · 2015-07-17 · 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 Postseismic!gravity!change!

Example  satellite  only,  mean  gravity  field:  -­‐-­‐GGMO5S,  GRACE    -­‐-­‐EIGEN-­‐6S2  for  GRACE  Plo2er  -­‐-­‐GOCO5S  

Figure  and  capFon  from  hSp://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/GRACE/page3.php  

Page 4: GRACE!and!GRACE!Products!Tutorial!! Jeanne!Sauber,!NASA… · 2015-07-17 · 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 Postseismic!gravity!change!

J.  Davis  CIDER  presentaFon,  July  10,  2015  

Page 5: GRACE!and!GRACE!Products!Tutorial!! Jeanne!Sauber,!NASA… · 2015-07-17 · 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 Postseismic!gravity!change!

Modified  from  J.  Davis  CIDER  presentaFon,  July  10,  2015  

•           Level  3  data  of  monthly  surface  mass  changes  of  hydrologic,  cryospheric,                  and  oceanographic  components.  

KBR1B  ex.  Next  slide  

Page 6: GRACE!and!GRACE!Products!Tutorial!! Jeanne!Sauber,!NASA… · 2015-07-17 · 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 Postseismic!gravity!change!

M  8.8  Maule  Earthquake  

Range-­‐acceleraFon  from  individual  satellite  passes  

Han,  Sauber,  Luthcke,  GRL,  2011  

Objec?ve:  Contrast  seismically  derived  early  fault-­‐slip  models  

Page 7: GRACE!and!GRACE!Products!Tutorial!! Jeanne!Sauber,!NASA… · 2015-07-17 · 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 Postseismic!gravity!change!

Coseismic  changes  in  range-­‐rate  March  11,  2011  Tohoku  earthquake  (M  9.2)    

Han,  Sauber,  Riva,  GRL,  2011  

Page 8: GRACE!and!GRACE!Products!Tutorial!! Jeanne!Sauber,!NASA… · 2015-07-17 · 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 Postseismic!gravity!change!

Interac(ve  GRACE  web  site  used  in  tutorial  for  visualizing  solu(ons:  

hSp://www.thegraceploSer.com/  DocumentaFon  on  “background”  models  for  this  site:  

hSp://grgs.obs-­‐mip.fr/grace  

See  JPL  GRACE  Tellus  Project  Web  Site  for  links  to  different  type  soluFons  &  downloading  data:    

hSp://grace.jpl.nasa.gov/  

hSp://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/datasetlist?search=GRACE    

Page 9: GRACE!and!GRACE!Products!Tutorial!! Jeanne!Sauber,!NASA… · 2015-07-17 · 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 Postseismic!gravity!change!

NOTE:    We  start  with  the  “Trend  CNES”  opFon  with  “water  heights”  Gravity  funcFonal.  

"Made  with  www.thegraceploSer.com,  courtesy  of  CNES/GRGS"    

Page 10: GRACE!and!GRACE!Products!Tutorial!! Jeanne!Sauber,!NASA… · 2015-07-17 · 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 Postseismic!gravity!change!

#  Linear  model:  Trend:  -­‐13.669  cm/year  RMS  of  residuals  (series-­‐model):  19.193  cm  

Periodic  model:  Least  square  adjustment:  y=A+B(t-­‐t0)  +Ccos(ω(t-­‐t0))+Dsin(ω(t-­‐t0))+Ecos(2ω(t-­‐t0))+Fsin(2ω(t-­‐t0))  

Annual  amplitude:  22.14  cm  

"Made  with  www.thegraceploSer.com,  courtesy  of  CNES/GRGS"    

Page 11: GRACE!and!GRACE!Products!Tutorial!! Jeanne!Sauber,!NASA… · 2015-07-17 · 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 Postseismic!gravity!change!

Land  ice  mass  evoluFon  from  GRACE  

GSFC  Mascon  soluFon,  Luthcke  et  al.,  J.  of  Glaciology,  2013  11  

•  41,168  equal  area  1-­‐arc-­‐degree  mascons  are  directly  esFmated  from  GRACE  KBRR  L1B  data  with  spaFal  and  temporal  exponenFal  taper  constraints  applied.    

•   10-­‐day  temporal  resoluFon  

•  Spa(al  constraint:  100  km  correlaFon  distance  

•  Temporal  constraint:  10-­‐day  correlaFon  

•  Gulf  of  Alaska  glacier  region  (61  mascons)  

Gt  Overall  G  of  Alaska  Trend  =  -­‐69  ±  11  Gt  a-­‐1    

Note  variability  in  peak  to  peak  seasonal  amplitude  and  annual  net  balance  (2005  versus  2012  balance  year).  

Gulf  of  Alaska  

Page 12: GRACE!and!GRACE!Products!Tutorial!! Jeanne!Sauber,!NASA… · 2015-07-17 · 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 Postseismic!gravity!change!

cm  w.e.  

Mascon  1484:  North  Central      Smaller  seasonal,  25-­‐50  cm    w.e.  (peak  to  peak)  Moderate  10-­‐year  trend                                          

Mascon  1457:    Central  Coastal    Moderate  seasonal,  50-­‐75  cm  w.e.,  (peak  to  peak);  Largest    10-­‐year  trend  

Gt  

Year  

*

*  

Mascon  1425,  South  Eastern  Alaska:  Large  seasonal:    up  to  100  cm  w.e.  (peak  to  peak)  Large  LiDle  Ice  Age  PGR/GIA  removed;    Small  10  year-­‐trend    

SE  

NC  

Gulf  of  Alaska  

*  

1425  

1484  

1457  

CC  

The  differences  in  GRACE-­‐derived    seasonal  changes  are  disFnct  from    region  to  region  and  from  year  to  year.  

Page 13: GRACE!and!GRACE!Products!Tutorial!! Jeanne!Sauber,!NASA… · 2015-07-17 · 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 Postseismic!gravity!change!

GRACE  MASCONS  located  adjacent  or  <  200  km  to  other  mascons    

1449    

1457    

1456    

cm  w.e.  

Reminder:    GRACE  is  sensi(ve  to  changes  at  spa(al  scales  >  300km  

Page 14: GRACE!and!GRACE!Products!Tutorial!! Jeanne!Sauber,!NASA… · 2015-07-17 · 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 Postseismic!gravity!change!

180 190 200 210 220 230 24040

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

−1

−0.5

0

0.5

1Postseismic  gravity  change  in  EWH  [cm/yr]  

Epicenter  of  the  1964  Alaska  earthquake  

~1  cm/yr  

Simula?on  of  the  present-­‐day  postseismic  gravity  change  1964  Mw  =  9.2  Prince  William  Sound  (Alaska)  earthquake  

-­‐   Used  Johnson  et  al.  [1996]    finite  fault  model:  inversion  of    tsunami  and  geodeFc  data    to  esFmate  1964  coseismic  slip  

-­‐   We  used  the  viscoelasFc  Earth  model  that  is  consistent  with  other  studies  in  this  region  [Suito  and  Freymueller,  2009;  Sato  et  al.,  2010]  

-­‐   Global  normal  mode  relaxaFon  code  was  used  to  compute  the  gravity  change  over  the  period  2002  -­‐  2014.    (Courtesy  of  R.  Riva  and  F.  Pollitz)  

=>    ~1  cm/yr  of  gravity  change  (in  w.e.)  is  predicted,    primarily  dependent  on  the  asthenosphere  viscosity  (1019  Pa  s)  

Spherical  harmonic  coefficients  from  RL05  CSR  L2  monthly  data,  degree  up  to  60;  ~330  km  resoluFon.  

SchemaFc  

Page 15: GRACE!and!GRACE!Products!Tutorial!! Jeanne!Sauber,!NASA… · 2015-07-17 · 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 Postseismic!gravity!change!

Time-­‐series  at  the  epicenter  (60N  212W)  

2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014−80

−60

−40

−20

0

20

40

60

80

Year

Gra

vity

chan

ge in

EW

H [c

m]

GRACE RL05 L2 (CSR)Seasonal & secular fitSecular trend1964 EQ effect

GRACE  secular  trend  ~  –8.3  cm/yr  (observed  RL05  CSR  L2  )  1964  EQ  postseismic  change  ~  +1.0  cm/yr  (model  predicted)  

The  postseismic  gravity  change  could  be  as  large  as  10%  of  the  observed  mass  change,  even  50  years  a{er  the  1964  earthquake.