(gori 2013 wlis 30 ivlisi) · satvis didi mnisvneloba aqvs saeklesio-rvtismetyvelur da...

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qristianoba da ekonomika

VII samecniero konferenciis moxsenebaTa krebuli

(gori _ 2013 wlis 30 ivlisi)

konferencia eZRvneba ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis daarsebis 95-e da

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is aRsaydrebis 35-e wlisTavs

Tbilisi

2013

2

qristianoba da ekonomika. VII samecniero konferenciis moxsenebaTa krebuli. gori,

2013.

krebulSi warmodgenilia 2013 wlis 30 ivliss wm. giorgi mTawmindelis saxelobis go-

ris gimnaziaSi Catarebuli VII samecniero konferenciis masalebi. moxsenebebSi asaxulia qris-

tianobisa da ekonomikis, religiisa da saqmiani urTierTobebis urTierTzegavlenis sakiTxebi,

maTi Teoriul-meTodologiuri aspeqtebi da kavSiri saqarTveloSi mimdinare ekonomikur da so-

cialur reformebTan.

naSromi gankuTvnilia sasuliero pirebis, Teologebis, mecnierebis, ekonomistebis, biznes-

menebis, menejerebis, umaRlesi ganaTlebis samive safexuris studentebisa (bakalavriati, magis-

tratura, doqtorantura) da yvela dainteresebuli adamianisaTvis.

moxsenebis Sinaarsze pasuxismgebelia avtori.

redaqtorebi: profesori revaz gogoxia

profesori giorgi SixaSvili inglisurenovani teqstebis redaqtori: nana maisuraZe

recenzentebi: asoc. profesori ineza gagniZe asoc. profesori nino papaCaSvili

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Christianity and Economics

Proceedings of the 7th Scientific Conference Papers

Gori _ 2013

The Conference was devoted to the 95th anniversary of Tbilisis State University foundation and the 35th anniversary of enthronement of His Holiness

and Beatitude, Catholicos Patriarch of Georgia Ilia II

Tbilisi 2013

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Christianity and Economics. Proceedings of the 7th Scientific Conference Papers, Gori, 2013 The proceeding includes the papers presented at the seventh scientific conference at St. Giorgi

Mtatsmindeli Gori Gymnasium. The papers represent results of Georgian researchers’ scientific activities that deal with the dual influence of Christianity and economics, religion and business activities, theoretical-methodological aspects of this interrelationship and its influence on the economic and social reforms going on in Georgia.

The proceeding is intended for clerics, theologians, scientists, professors, economists, businessmen, managers, students of all three educational level (bachelor, master, doctorate) and to other people interested in the issue.

The author is responsible for the content of the paper. Editors: Professor Revaz Gogokhia Professor Giorgi Shikhashvili Editor of English texts: Nana Maisuradze Reviewers: Associate Prof. Ineza Gagnidze Associate Prof. Nino Papachashvili

ISBN 978-9941-13-321-3 daibeWda Tsu gamomcemlobis stambaSi

Printed in Tsu Press 0179 Tbilisi, i. WavWavaZis gamziri 1

1 Ilia Tchavtchavadze Avenue, Tbilisi 0179 Tel 995 (32) 225 14 32, 995 (32) 225 27 36 www.press.tsu.edu.ge

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organizatorebisagan

Teologiur-ekonomikuri xasiaTis mecnieruli kvlevebisa da praqtikuli gzebis dasaxvi-

saTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs saeklesio-RvTismetyvelur da sauniversiteto-samecniero xedvaTa

sinergiul harmonizacias. SemTxveviTi ar iyo, rom mefe daviT aRmaSenebeli gelaTis akademiis

daarsebisas ocnebobda, rom is yofiliyo axali ierusalimi da axali aTina, marTl-

madideblobisa da WeSmariti azris simbiozi. saqarTveloSi universiteti yovelTvis iwodeboda

codnis taZrad da amgvari saxeldebis mizezi iyo misi, ara mxolos wminda mecnieruli

profili, aramed, aseve erTguleba im sulieri Rirebulebebisa, rasac saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi

amkvidrebda qristianuli kultura. aseve eklesiac, saukuneebis manZilze uzrunvelyofda eris

sulieri da materialuri (maT Soris, ekonomikuri) potencialis simtkices.

saqarTvelos WeSmariti progresisaTvis aucilebelia bibliuri da religiur-eTikuri po-

ziciebidan gaviazroT sazogadoebis ganviTarebis kanonzomierebebi. saWiroa qarTuli tradi-

ciuli msoflmxedvelobisaken Semobruneba da TanamedroveobasTan harmoniulad Sexamebuli qris-

tianuli ekonomikuri azrovnebisa da Sesabamisi sameurneo-mmarTvelobiTi saqmianobis aRorZi-

neba-ganviTareba. swored religiisa da ekonomikis urTierTobis Teoriul da gamoyenebiT sa-

kiTxebze imsjeles 2013 wlis 30 ivliss, VII samecniero konferenciaze: `qristianoba da eko-

nomika _ gori-2013~, romelic wm. giorgi mTawmindelis saxelobis goris gimnaziaSi gaimarTa.

konferencia mieZRvna ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

daarsebis 95-e da saqarTvelos kaTolikos-partriarqis ilia II-is aRsaydrebis 35-e wlisTavs.

samecniero konferenciis organizatorebi iyvnen: ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxel-

mwifo universitetis ekonomikisa da biznesis fakulteti, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos samTa-

visisa da goris eparqia, Tsu-is studenturi TviTmarTveloba da Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biz-

nesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da proeqtebis centri `idea~.

konferenciaSi monawileobdnen: iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer-

sitetis, saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis, saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa

akademiis, p. guguSvilis saxelobis ekonomikis institutis, quTaisis universitetis, baTumis

SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetis, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wm. andria

pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTuli universitetis, ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da

proeqtebis centri `idea~-s profesorebi, doqtorebi da studentebi, bolnisis akaurTas taZ-

ris winamZRvari, konferenciaze sul 25 samecniero naSromi iqna warmodgenili.

sakiTxis swored zemoaRniSnuli saxiT gaazrebis safuZvelze nayofierad viTardeba

universitetisa da eklesiis SemoqmedebiTi TanamSromloba, romlis farglebSi Tsu-is ekono-

mikisa da biznesis fakultetis iniciativiTa da monawileobiT, bolo periodSi, qristianobisa

da ekonomikis urTierTkavSiris sakiTxebze Svidi konferencia gaimarTa:

• I samecniero konferencia `qristianoba da ekonomika _ Tsu-2005~ (Tsu maRlivi korpu-

si, 2005 wlis 19 aprili);

• II samecniero konferencia `qristianoba da ekonomika _ bolnisi-2008~ (bolnisi, 2008

wlis 13 aprili);

• III samecniero konferencia `qristianoba da ekonomika _ Tsu-2008~ (Tsu maRlivi korpu-

si, 2008 wlis 30 maisi);

• IV samecniero-praqtikuli konferencia `qristianoba da ekonomika _ mestia-2008~ (mes-

tia, 2008 wlis 25-30 ivlisi);

• V samecniero konferencia `qristianoba da ekonomika _ Tsu-2010~ (Tsu maRlivi korpu-

si, 2010 wlis 25 ianvari);

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• VI samecniero konferencia `qristianoba da ekonomika _ sagarejo -2012~ (sagarejo, ma-navi, 2012 wlis 22 ivlisi);

• VII samecniero konferencia `qristianoba da ekonomika _ gori – 2013~ (gori, 2013 wlis 30 ivlisi).

Catarebuli konferenciebi da maTze warmodgenili Temebi naTlad miuTiTebs gansaxilveli

problemebis did aqtualurobaze Tanamedrove saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebisaTvis. Gan-

zraxulia analogiuri konferenciebis ciklis gagrZeleba da maTi gamarTva qveynis sxvadasxva

regionSi, riTac kidev ufro gaRrmavdeba mecnierebisa da religiis, universitetisa da ek-

lesiis SemoqmedebiTi TanamSromloba saqarTvelos socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saSvili-

Svilo saqmeSi.

krebulSi warmodgenilia 2013 wlis 30 ivliss wm. giorgi mTawmindelis saxelobis

goris gimnaziaSi Catarebuli VII samecniero konferenciis masalebi. moxsenebebSi asaxulia qar-

Tvel mkvlevarTa saqmianobis Sedegebi, romlebSic ganxilulia qristianobisa da ekonomikis, re-

ligiisa da saqmiani urTierTobebis urTierTzegavlenis sakiTxebi, maTi Teoriul-meTodolo-

giuri aspeqtebi da kavSiri saqarTveloSi mimdinare ekonomikur da socialur reformebTan.

konferenciis organizebaSi aqtiuri monawileoba miiRes da misi saorganizacio komitetis

wevrebi iyvnen: Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis samecniero kvlevebisa da gan-

viTarebis samsaxuris ufrosi ead m. lobJaniZe, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis xa-

risxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuris ufrosi specialisti, asocirebuli profesori nino papa-

CaSvili da Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis asistent-profesori, doqtoranti va-

leri arRuTaSvili. konferenciis mimdinareoba farTod gaSuqda saqarTvelos sapatriarqos

televiziiT _ `erTsulovneba~.

giorgi SixaSvili iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis asocirebuli profesori,

ekonomikis akademiuri doqtori,

amave fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da proeqtebis

centri „idea“-s direqtori

ineza gagniZe iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis asocirebuli profesori,

ekonomikis akademiuri doqtori

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From Organizers

Synergetic harmonization of views of church and university has a special importance for scientific researches of theological-economic nature and for setting up practical solutions. It wasn’t just by chance that while establishing the Gelati Academy, David the Builder wanted it to become new Jerusalem and new Athena, symbiosis of orthodox religion and true thought. In Georgia, university has always been called a temple of knowledge. This was not only because of its scientific profile, but also because of devotion to the spiritual values established by the Christian culture during the centuries. On the other hand, for many centuries Georgian church has been maintaining spiritual and material (including economic) strength of the nation.

For true progress of Georgia it’s critical to consider development of society in the context of biblical and religious-ethical positions. It’s necessary to turn back to Georgian traditional ideology and to regenerate and develop economic activities which are in harmony with Christian economic thinking. Theoretical and applied issues of relationship between religion and economy were the subjects for discussion at the seventh scientific conference “Christianity and Economics – Gori-2013” held at St. Giorgi Mtatsmindeli Gori Gymnasium.

The conference was dedicated to the 95th anniversary of Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University and 35th anniversary of enthronization of Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia Ilia ll. The conference was organized by the Faculty of Economics and Business of Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Eparchy of Samtavisi and Gori of the Georgian Orthodox Church, TSU student self-government and Idea, student research and projects center at the Faculty of Economics and Business, TSU.

Scientists, professors and doctors of the following institutions took part in the scientific conference Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Georgian Technical University, Georgian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, P. Gugushvili Institute of Economics, Kutaisi University, Shota Rustaveli Batumi State University, St. Andrew the First Georgian University of Georgian Patriarchate, Student Research and Project center “Idea” of the Faculty of Economics and Business of TSU. Overall, 25 scientific papers were presented at the conference.

On the base of this approach, cooperation is developing between the University and church. In the frames of this cooperation, seven conferences have been held on the issues of interrelation of Christianity and economics initiated by the faculty of Economics and Business, TSU.

• 1st scientific conference “Christianity and Economics – TSU-2005” (TSU Maglivi Building, 19 April, 2005); • 2nd scientific conference “Christianity and Economics – Bolnisi-2005” (Bolnisi, 13 April, 2008); • 3rd scientific conference “Christianity and Economics – TSU-2008” (TSU Building X, 30 May, 2008); • 4th scientific conference “Christianity and Economics – Mestia-2008” (Mestia, 25-30 July, 2008); • 5th scientific conference “Christianity and Economics – TSU-2010” (TSU Building X, 25 January, 2010); • 6th scientific conference “Christianity and Economics – Sagarejo - 2012” (Sagarejo, Manavi, 22 June, 2012); • 7th scientific conference “Christianity and Economics – Gori - 2013” (Gori, 30 June, 2013).

These conferences and the papers that were presented clearly show high importance of the discussed

problems for economic development of Georgia. It is intended to continue the cycle of conferences on the same issue and to hold it in different regions of the country. This will promote deepening creative collaboration between science and religion, the University and church for social and economic development of Georgia.

The proceeding includes the papers presented at the fifth scientific conference at Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Faculty of Economics and Business. The papers represent results of Georgian researchers’ scien-

8

tific activities that deal with the dual influence of Christianity and economics, religion and business activities, theoretical-methodological aspects of this interrelationship and its influence on the economic and social reforms going on in Georgia.

Manana Lobjanidze, Doctor of Economics, Head of the Department of Scientific Research and Development of the Faculty of Economics and Business, TSU; Nino Papachashvili, Doctor of Economics, Senior Specialist of Quality Assurance Service of the Faculty of Economics and Business, TSU and Valeri Argutashvili, Assistant Professor, PhD Student at the Faculty of Economics and Business, TSU actively participated in the conference organization process.

Giorgi Shikhashvili,

Ineza Gagnidze

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yovladwmida RvTismSoblis xati „purTaTvis siuxvis momniWebeli“

purTaTvis siuxvis momniWebeli am xats Rirsma

mamam ambrosi optinelma uwoda. xati aseve gvxvdeba

saxelwodebiT - ,,nayofis momniWebeli“.

1890 wels boloxovis monastris iRumeniam,

ilariam wmida mamas yovladwmida RmrTismSoblis

sruliad axleburad dawerili xati gaugzavna.

RvTismSobeli xatze Rrublebze mjdomarea

gamosaxuli da xelebic kurTxevis niSnad aqvs

ganpyrobili. qvemoT puris yanaSi yvavilebsa da

balaxebs Soris Znebi moCans. RvTismSoblis

gamosaxuleba boloxovis monastris yovelTa wmidaTa

xatidanaa gadmoRebuli, xolo yana da puris Znebi

Rirsi ambrosis CanafiqriT daiwera.

rodesac xats saxelad ,,purTaTvis siuxvis momniWebeli“ uwoda, wmida mamas surda

eCvenebina, rom deda RmrTisa adamianebs ara marto sulier xsnas mihmadlebs, aramed qveynier

RvawlSic exmareba. Rirs mamas Zlier uyvarda es xati da mis winaSe locva uanderZa Tavis

sulier Svilebsac, romlebic Samordinos dedaTa savaneSi cxovrobdnen. aqve gaatara wmindanma

cxovrebis ukanaskneli wlebi.

xatma pirveli wyaloba swored Samordinos savaneze gardamoavlina ruseTis SimSilobis

wels (1891 w.) da monastris velebsa da mTel gubernias mdidari mosavali mihmadla.

1892 wels gvalvisas, xatis asli voroneJis guberniaSi gagzavnes da rogorc ki mis

winaSe paraklisi aRsrulda, wvima wamovida, mindvrebi gacocxlda da mSvenieri mosavalic

movida.

xatis dResaswauli 15/28 oqtombers aResruleba. evedrebian uwvimobis, puris mosavlis

miRebis saSiSroebisas, SimSilisagan saxsnelad.

wyaroebi:

http://www.orthodoxy.ge/khatebi/baraqis.htm#sthash.EISL2hWr.dpuf

locvebi yovladwmida RvTismSoblis 54 saswaulmoqmedi xatisadmi, dabeWdili urbnisisa da

ruisis mitropolit iobis (aqiaSvili) locva-kurTxeviT, Tb., 2007

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samTavisisa da goris mitropoliti andria (gvazava)

misalmeba

ekonomikuri saqmianoba amqveyniuri cxovrebis safuZveli da umTavresi Semadgeneli

nawilia. am saqmianobis uflisaTvis saTnod warmarTva uzrunvelyofs CvenTvis miwier sixaruls

da zeciur netarebas. ekonomikur saqmianobaSi pirdapir Tu iribad Cabmulia calkeuli adamiani

da nebismieri ojaxi. ekonomikis avkargianobaze aris damokidebuli sazogadoebis yoveli fenis

da mTeli saxelmwifos arseboba.

soflis meurneoba erovnuli ekonomikis umniSvnelovanesi dargia. igi warmoadgens

adamianis amqveyniuri cxovrebis uzrunvelmyof umTavres saSualebas. miwieri cxovrebis dros

adamiani irCevs gzas zeciur sasufevelSi mosaxvedrad. aseTi garemoeba ki miuTiTebs sasoflo-

sameurneo Sromis saRvTo warmomavlobasa da mis gansakuTrebul Teologiur daniSnulebaze.

ekonomikis, kerZod, sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis qristianuli safuZvlebi RvTivdadgeni-

lad aris warmodgenili bibliaSi. biblia adamianis sameurneo saqmianobis Teoriuli safuZve-

lia, romlis mixedviTac TandaTan ganviTarda qristianuli ekonomikuri azrovneba da praqtiku-

li sameurneo saqmianoba.

jer kidev evas Seqmnamde `aiyvana adami ufalma RmerTma da daasaxla edemis baRSi mis

dasamuSaveblad da dasacavad~ (dab. 2,15). e. i. adamiani sawyisSive Seqmnilia miwaTmoqmedad –

meurned, da amasTan mas mieca Semoqmedebis unari da Tavisufali neba. adamis da evas pirveli

Svili kaeni miwis muSaki iyo, xolo meore Svili abeli – mecxvare (dab. 4,2).

aqedan naTelia, rom pirvel adamianebs amqveyniuri saqmianobis umTavres mimarTulebad

RmerTma Sroma dauwesa. adamianma Tavisi Tavisufali neba, SemoqmedebiTi unaris saSualebiT

unda gamoxatos SromaSi, xolo Sedegad miiRos Tavisi Sromis keTili nayofi, rac caTa sasu-

fevelSi damkvidrebis winapirobaa. amasTan, Tavad Sroma aucilebelia rogorc Cveni sakuTari,

aseve sxva adamianebis saWiroebaTa dakmayofilebisaTvis.

adamians pirveli moqmedebis (Sromis) gamoxatva RvTis mier daevala miwaTmoqmedebaSi

(miwis damuSavebaSi), edemis baRSi. xolo, codviT dacemis gamo maTi dawyevlis Semdeg isini

gangdebul iqnen edemis baRidan, magram brZaneba mainc ar Secvlila – isini darCnen kvlav miwa-

ze mSromelebad da sasjelis saxiT, Sroma bevrad gaurTuldaT (dab. 3,17).

magram amasTan, RvTis kurTxevac gardaemata, rac gamoixata imiT, rom Sroma waxalisda

madlmosili sixarulisa da bednierebis grZnobiT, romelic naSromis (nayofis) xilviT eufleba

adamians: `vxedav, kacTaTvis sxva sikeTe rom ar yofila, Tu ar ixara Tavis naRvawiT, radgan

esaa misi wili am mzisqveSeTSi, vin daanaxvebs, ra moxdeba Semdgomad misa?~ (ekl. 3,22) da:

`Tavisi miwis muSaki puriT danayrdeba, xolo vinc amaod irjeba, siRaribiT danayrdeba~ (igav.

28,19).

ufali akurTxebs morwmunis Sromas, magram amasTanave moZRvravs, rom adamianebma iSromon

ara dasaRupavi sakvebisaTvis, aramed sakvebisaTvis, romelic adamians RvTis sadideblad

ganaZlierebs: `xrwnadi sazrdosTvis nuki zrunavT, aramed izruneT sazrdosaTvis, romelic

rCeba saukuno sicocxled, da romelsac mogcemT Ze kacisa; vinaidan mama RmerTma aRbeWda igi~

(ioan. 6,27).

mTeli bibliuri swavleba, kerZod, moses kanonmdebloba aris is konceptualuri

safuZveli (paradigma, koncefcia, modeli), romelic uzrunvelyofs sazogadoebis RvTivsulier

harmoniul ganviTarebas.

moses rjulSi erT-erTi umTavresi adgili ukavia kanonebs miwaTmflobelobisa da

miwaTsargeblobis Sesaxeb. moses kanonmdeblobaSi miwa warmodgenilia rogorc mflobelobis

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mTavari sagani da RmrTis mmarTvelobis obieqti. miwis mflobeloba aq emyareba Teokratiul

princips, romelic gamoricxavs sxva qveynebSi gavrcelebul miwis bunebrivi, TviTneburi

mitaceba-miTvisebis praqtikas.

bibliuri swavlebiT da, konkretulad, moses kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, miwa mxolod

RmerTis sakuTrebaa, romelic saukunod gankargavs mas sayovelTao Semoqmedis uflebiT, vinai-

dan: `RmerTma Seqmna ca da miwa~ (dab. 1,1), daafuZna da daamyara miwa (qveyana), moaTavsa miwa

sivrceSi, daamtkica svetni miwisa, Seqmna mnaTobni cisa miwis (qveynis) gasanaTeblad, miwis

mosarwyavad mdinareebi aRavso wyliT da moavlina wvima, nayofier hyo miwa (qveyana), Seqmna miwa

sacxovreblad, adamians misca ufleba miwaze _ `kurTxeuli xarT uflis mier, cisa da qveynis

Semoqmedis mier, ca _ cad uflisaTvis, xolo qveyana misca adamis ZeT~ (fs. 113,23-24).

miwaTmoqmedeba iyo adamianis pirveli saqmianoba codviT dacemamde, xolo codviT dacemis

Semdeg miwaTmoqmedeba garTulda miwis dawyevlis gamo. ufalma uTxra adams: `raki Sens

dedakacs daujere da SeWame xis nayofi, romlis Wama akrZaluli mqonda SenTvis, miwa

daiwyevlos Sens gamo: tanjviT miiRebde misgan sazrdos mTeli sicocxle. ZeZvi da ekali

amogicenos da mindvris balaxi iyos Seni sazrdo. pirofliani Wamde purs, vidre miwad

miiqceode, radgan misgan xar aRebuli, radgan mtveri xar da mtvradve miiqcevi~ (dab. 3,17-19).

codviT dacemis gamo adamians miwaze oflis Rvra miesaja – `gauSva igi ufalma RmerTma

edemis baRidan, rom daemuSavebina miwa, saidanac iyo aRebuli~ (dab. 3,23). adamiani iZulebuli

iyo eSroma miwaze, Tundac imitom, rom – `Tavisi miwis muSaki puriT danayrdeba, xolo vinc

amaod irjeba, siRaribiT danayrdeba“ (igav. 28,19).

marTalia, Sroma damZimebulia, magram is amasTanave kurTxeulia da kurTxeulia Tavad

miwaze mSromeli. miwaTmoqmedebis nayofic RmrTis mocemulia. amitom, sazogadoebam unda Secva-

los miwaze Sromisadmi dRevandeli, usulgulo damokidebuleba da bibliuri, qristianuli

swavlebis mixedviT warmarTos soflis meurneoba.

Tanamedrove pirobebSi aucilebelia sameurneo-mmarTvelobiTi saqmianobis radikaluri

humanizacia religiuri principebis da zneobis safuZvelze, rasac SeuZlia uzrunvelyos

sazogadoebis harmoniuli RvTivsulieri ganviTareba.

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dekanozi basili (axvlediani)

personaluri informaciis xelSeuxebloba, rogorc biznesis

ganviTarebis fundamenturi piroba

Tanamedrove saqarTvelosaTvis uaRresad mniSvnelovania sameurneo saqmianobis yovelmxrivi

ganviTareba rogorc saero, aseve saeklesio sferoebSi. eklesiis da saxelmwifos materialuri

da finansuri siZliere uzrunvelyofs eris sulier da ekonomikur keTildReobas. saTanado sa-

marTlebrivi, organizaciuli, ekonomikuri da mmarTvelobiTi RonisZiebebis Sedegad saqarTve-

los SeuZlia miaRwios aseT mizans.

soflis meurneoba warmoadgens adamianis amqveyniuri cxovrebis uzrunvelmyof umTavres

saSualebas. miwieri cxovrebis dros adamiani irCevs gzas zeciur sasufevelSi mosaxvedrad.

aseTi garemoeba ki miuTiTebs sasoflo-sameurneo Sromis saRvTo warmomavlobasa da mis gansa-

kuTrebul Teologiur daniSnulebaze.

adgilobrivi warmoebis kvebis produqtebiT mosaxleobis uzrunvelyofa sasursaTo prob-

lemis gadawyvetis safuZvelia. am TvalsazrisiT soflis meurneobis optimaluri dargobrivi

struqturis Camoyalibebas prioritetuli mniSvneloba mieniWa.

Tanamedrove pirobebSi aucilebelia sameurneo-mmarTvelobiTi saqmianobis radikaluri hu-

manizacia religiuri principebisa da zneobis safuZvelze. saWiroa saqarTvelos ekonomikuri

ganviTarebis istoriuli aspeqtebis siRrmiseuli gaazreba da saeklesio sasoflo-sameurneo

warmoebis gamocdilebis Seswavla da danergva.

sasursaTo usafrTxoebis problemis mogvarebaSi didi rolis Sesruleba SeuZlia zogadad

saeklesio ekonomikis, kerZod, saeklesio sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis ganviTarebas saero eko-

nomikasTan sinergiuli SeTanawyobis safuZvelze.

Cveni eklesia ibrunebs tradiciulad Zlier poziciebs rogorc sasuliero moRvaweobis,

aseve zogadekonomikur da sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobis sferoSi, rac saboloo angariSiT,

xels Seuwyobs mTeli qveynis sinergiul, RvTivsulier ganviTarebas.

zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare, saeklesio sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis Teoriul-meTodo-

logiuri safuZvlebis kvlevas didi mniSvneloba aqvs saqarTvelos socialur-ekonomikuri gan-

viTarebis erovnuli koncefciis SemuSavebisa da realuri praqtikuli saqmianobis gzebis dasax-

visaTvis. kargi iqneba, Tu saero da saeklesio xelisufalni erToblivad daiwyeben muSaobas sa-

qarTvelos ganviTarebis socialur-ekonomikuri doqtrinis Sesaqmnelad, rac didad Seuwyobs

xels qveynis tradiciul ekonomikur xedva-azrovnebasa da TanamedroveobasTan SeTanxmebul

swor biznes-dagegmarebas.

Teologiuri ekonomikisa da saeklesio sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis sferoSi mecnieruli

kvlevisaTvis umTavresi wyaro aris biblia, rac pirdapir kavSirSia saqarTvelos sasoflo-same-

urneo ganviTarebis istoriasTan.1

biblia adamianis sameurneo-mmarTvelobiTi saqmianobis Teologiuri da Teoriul-meTodo-

logiuri safuZvelia, romlis mixedviTac TandaTan ganviTarda qristianuli ekonomikuri azrov-

neba da praqtikuli sameurneo saqmianoba.

mniSvnelovani wyaroa, agreTve, ~didi sjulis kanoni~.2 masSi asaxulia mTeli speqtri

ekonomikur-mmarTvelobiTi da sasoflo-sameurneo sakiTxebisa, rac qristianuli meurneobriobis

normatiul bazas warmoadgens.

1 biblia, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gamocema. Tb., 1989. 2 didi sjulis kanoni. ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebis Zegliswera. wignSi: saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987.

14

qarTvel avtorTagan, sulierebisa da ekonomikis dakavSirebis Sesaxeb pirveli mosazrebebi

wamoayena wm. ilia marTalma (WavWavaZe,1 romlis Semdeg am sferos garkveuli yuradReba dauTmo

iv. javaxiSvilma.2 analogiur sakiTxebs xSirad ixilavs saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi

ilia II.3 qristianuli sasoflo-sameurneo sferos kvlevaSi didi wvlili miuZRvis b. lomina-

Zes.4

gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia XX saukunis dasawyisSi rusi marTlmadidebeli RvTismetyve-

lisa da mecnieris, dekanoz sergi bulgakovis mier gaweuli Rvawli am sferoSi. misi naSrome-

bidan gamorCeuli adgili ukavia Teologiuri ekonomikisadmi miZRvnil fundamentur gamokvle-

vas _ ~meurneobis filosofia~.5

sameurneo saqmianobis bibliur aspeqtebs didi xania ikvleven dasavleTis Teologebi da

swavluli ekonomistebi. am saqmeSi Cabmuli arian cnobili universitetebi da specializebuli

institutebi. ucxoeTSi Camoyalibda iseTi mecnieruli disciplinebi, rogoricaa: Teologiuri

ekonomika, qristianuli ekonomika, Teologiuri sameurneo eTika, qristianuli biznesi da sxva.

gamokvlevebis Sedegebis praqtikuli gamoyenebis safuZvelze sazRvargareT iqmneba saTanado same-

urneo-safinanso kanonmdebloba da viTardeba zneobrivi biznesi.

magaliTad, zneobrivi ekonomikis fundamentur religiur sakiTxebs eZRvneba Tanamedrove

amerikeli mecnierebis m. staqhausis, d. makkanis, S. roelsis da p. uiliamsis sqeltaniani mo-

nografia – ~moraluri biznesi. ekonomikuri cxovrebis eTikis klasikuri da Tanamedrove re-

sursebi~.6

aRsaniSnavia, agreTve, s. raes da k. vongis naSromi ,,umaRlesi patiosneba. iudeur-qristia-

nuli midgoma biznesis eTikisadmi~.7 metad sainteresoa a. rixis fundamenturi naSromi ,,sameur-

neo eTika”. uaRresad mniSvnelovani naSromi Sesrulda ruseTSi 1994-2000 wlebSi, saxelwode-

biT _ ,,ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis socialuri koncefciis safuZvlebi~.8 koncefcia

momzadebulia avtorTa koleqtivis mier, romlis SemadgenlobaSi Sediodnen episkoposebi, sam-

Rvdelo pirebi da cnobili mecnierebi, maT Soris _ ekonomistebi da soflis meurneobis speci-

alistebi. naSromSi gadmocemulia bibliuri swavlebis fuZemdebluri debulebebi eklesiur-sa-

xelwifoebrivi urTierTobebis, sazogadoebrivi ganviTarebis Tanamedrove problemebiss da kon-

kretuli ekonomikis Sesaxeb.

aRniSnul naSromebSi, sxva mniSvnelovan momentebTan erTad, xazgasmulia, rom Tanamedro-

ve pirobebSi aucilebelia ekonomikuri da sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobis radikaluri humaniza-

cia Teologiuri principebisa da zneobis safuZvelze.

Tanamedrove qarTvel mkvlevarTa Soris Teologiuri ekonomikis problemebis kvlevas pir-

veli Seudga g. SixaSvili. igi 1994 wlidan muSaobs qristianuli ekonomikis sakiTxebze da

dReisaTvis am sferoSi gamoqveynebuli aqvs 40-ze meti samecniero naSromi.

1 WavWavaZe i. xalxis CveulebaTa Seswavlis Sesaxeb. Txz., t. 4, Tb., 1955. gv. 192-194. 2 javaxiSvili iv., saqarTvelos ekonomikuri istoria. w. I. Txz. t. 4, Tb., 1996. 3 saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II socialur-ekonomikuriganviTarebis aqtualuri sakiTxebis Sesaxeb.

Semdgenel-gamomcemeli g. SixaSvili. Tbilisi. `geokeria~, 2004. 4 lominaZe b. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis miwaTmflobeloba Zveli droidan XX saukunemde (1917 w.).

quTaisi, 1997. 5 Булгаков С. Философия хозяйства.М., 1993. 6 Stackhouse M. , McCann D., S. Roels, P. Williams. On Moral Business. Classikal and Contemporary Resources for Ethics in

Economic Life. Michigan, 1995. 7 Rae S., Wong. K.Beyond Integrity. A Judeo – Christian Approach to Business Ethics. Michigan, 1996. 8 Основы социальной концепции Русской православной Церкви. М., 2001.

15

bevrs da nayofierad muSaobs am mimarTulebiT i. gagniZe. misi publikaciebis ricxvi qris-

tianuli ekonomikis sferoSi 10-s aWarbebs, romelTagan aRsaniSnavia `marTlmadidebloba da

ekonomika~.1

am sferoSi publikaciebs aqveyneben mecnier-ekonomistebi: +g. Todua, i. mesxia, e. xaraiSvi-

li, n. CixlaZe da sxv.

amasTan, aucileblad madlierebis grZnobiT unda movixsenioT is avtorebi, romelTa naS-

romebi didad exmareba momaval ekonomistebs swori azrovnebis CamoyalibebaSi da Cvenc didad

dagvexmara sadoqtoro naSromis saboloo teqstis CamoyalibebaSi: p. koRuaSvili, r. asaTiani,

a. kakaSvili, r. kakulia, k. buaCiZe, r. gogoxia, n. iaSvili, g. baxtaZe, g. zibzibaZe, T. kunWuli-

a, T. laWyepiani, i. menTeSaSvili, T. dudauri, z. jabniZe, g. fxakaZe, l. qelexsaSvili, s. yamara-

uli, k. cimintia, m. CavleiSvili, l. jalabaZe da a. S.

ekonomikur saqmianobaSi pirdapir Tu iribad Cabmulia calkeuli adamiani da nebismieri

ojaxi. ekonomikis avkargianobaze aris damokidebuli sazogadoebis yoveli fenis da mTeli sa-

xelmwifos arseboba. sameurneo sakiTxebiT, bunebrivia, dainteresebulia eklesiac.

ekonomika aris erT-erTi im sferoTagani, sadac xdeba eklesiisa da saxelmwifos interes-

Ta Tanxvedra, magram miuxedavad imisa, moqmedeben isini erToblivad Tu damoukideblad, maTi

moqmedebis CarCoebi SeiZleba gamoixatos profesor giorgi SixaSvilis konceptualuri gamonaT-

qvamiT: “marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis mixedviT, ekonomikuri saqmianobis saboloo mizans,

adamianis amqveyniur moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebisaTvis saWiro nivTieri da aranivTieri dov-

laTis Seqmna unda warmoadgendes RvTivdadgenil im zneobriv safuZvelze, romelic gamudmebu-

li sulieri srulyofis meSveobiT caTa sasufevelSi adamianis Sesvlas uzrunvelyofs”.

adamianis nebismieri moqmedeba, iqneba es inteleqtualuri Tu fizikuri, aris Sroma. Sro-

mis xarisxzea damokidebuli nebismieri saqmis warmateba. es aris safuZvelTa safuZveli. da Tu

es safuZveli myaria (anu, maRalxarisxiani), maSin nebismieri saqmis warmateba garantirebulia.

rodis gamoiRebs damoZRvra maqsimalur nayofs? maSin, rodesac dammoZRvreli piradi maga-

liTiT gvmoZRvravs. es ki yvelasTvis cnobili udreki WeSmaritebaa. amitom RmerTi, romelic

Tavad aris WeSmariteba, ufali uflebaTa da moZRvari moZRvarTa, aris Semoqmedi cisa da qveya-

nisa, Tavis pirvelmoqmedebas gamoxatavs SromaSi: “Tavdapirvelad RmerTma Seqmna ca da miwa”

(dab. 1,1), anu _ iSroma.

Sroma, anu Tanamedrove terminiT _ biznesi, yovelTvis arsebobda Tavis kanonebiT da es

kanonebi ganicdida epoqalur cvlilebebs. Tumca, ucvleli da wmidaTawmida yovelTvis rCeboda

erTi _ pesonaluri informaciis gasaidumloeba da xelSeuxebloba, romelic sxvagvarad - ko-

merciuli saidumloebiTacaa cnobili. piradi informaciis xelmisawvdomoba Zalian mokle xanSi

Seitans nebismier zesaxelmwifoSic ki umarTav qaoss da qveynis ekonomikis ngrevis Sedegad de-

foltiTac daemuqreba...

zRvari, romelic gadis qveynis aRmSeneblobasa da ngrevas Soris, aris adamianis Tavisuf-

leba da personaluri informaciebis miuwvdomloba, maT Soris _ biznesseqtorSi, garda calke-

uli mkacrad dadgenili SemTxvevisa.

Tavisufleba aris adamianisTvis RvTis mier moniWebuli umTavresi da fundamenturi uf-

leba. moviyvandi aSS-s magaliTs, kerZod damoukideblobis deklaracias, romelic swored imis

xazgasmiT iwyeba, rom Semoqmedma yvela adamiani Tanasworad Seqmna da mianiWa maT erTnairi uf-

lebebi – iseTi rogoricaa sicocxle, Tavisufleba da bednierebis ufleba. adamianis ZiriTadi

uflebebi, maT Soris, moicavs _ rwmenis Tavisuflebas, sicocxlis uflebas, piradi cxovrebis

xelSeuxeblobis uflebas da a. S.

1 gagniZe i. marTlmadidebloba da ekonomika. Tb., `universali~, 2007.

16

minda oriode sityviT ganvmarto, Tu ra igulisxmeba Tavisuflebis xelyofasa da

SezRudvaSi. pirvel rigSi, religiuri rakursiT, Tavisufleba, es aris arCevani sikeTesa da

borotebas Soris... sociumSi, Tavisuflebas SeiZleba ewodos – zneobis farglebSi

kanonmorCileba. Tu kanoni ewinaaRmdegeba marTlmadideblur swavlebas, rac Cemi Tavisufali

rwmenis uflebaa, misi morCileba Tavisuflebis ZiriTadi uflebis SezRudvaa.

arsebobs uamravi garemoeba, rodesac individebi da jgufebi mrwamsis gamo SeuZleblad

Tvlian, an moralurad ewinaaRmdegebian kanonis zogadi moTxovnebis dacvas: zogierTebi

ewinaaRmdegebian gansazRvruli sakvebis miRebas, sxvebi _ garkveuli tansacmlis tarebas, zogi-

erTisaTvis samxedro samsaxuri arRvevs Rrma religiur rwmenas da sxva. amgvar praqtikas

mraval Tanamedrove demokratiebSi iyenebs umravlesoba. mniSvnelovania, rom kanonebi, romlebic

gavlenas axdens religiasa da rwmenaze, ise iyos formulirebuli, rom gacnobierebuli iyos

konstituciuri normebisa da adamianis uflebaTa standartebis zogadi saxelmZRvanelo

principebi. specifikuri sakononmdeblo gamonaklisebi ki imgvarad unda iyos formulirebuli

da realizebuli, rac samarTlianad CaiTvleba keTilsindisieri mowinaaRmdegisaTvis da imav-

droulad zedmet tvirTad ar daawveba maT, visac ara aqvs aseTi winaaRmdegoba.

nebismieri adamianisaTvis obieqturi interesi da friad legitimuri uflebaa, rom perso-

naluri informacia mis Sesaxeb cnobili gaxdes saxelmwifosTvis Tu sxva subieqtisTvis

mxolod im farglebSi, ra farglebSic es misTvis aris subieqturad misaRebi. personaluri

informaciebis dacvis ufleba dasavlur iurisprudenciaSi erT-erT umniSvnelovanes ZiriTad

uflebad ganixileba da Sesabamisad, mis dasacavad demokratiul saxelmwifoebSi qmediTi

iuridiuli zomebi miiReba. mag.: romelime kerZo iuridiuli piris mier calkeuli adamianis Se-

saxeb miRebuli informaciis, mag.: piris janmrTelobis an adamianis sxvadasxva finansuri tran-

zaqciebis Sesaxebi nformaciebisa Tu cnobebis Sesaxeb da a. S. saxelmwifosTvis gadacema

dasavleTis saxelmwifoebSi, garda mkacrad gansazRvruli gamonaklisebisa, dasaSvebia mxolod

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu adamiani amis Sesaxeb Tavad miscems Tanxmobas.

dRes saqarTveloSi intensiurad inergeba eleqtronuli piradobis mowmobebi, romelsac

umokles droSi logikurad miebmeba sxvadasxva sabanko gadaricxva Tu adamianis sxva socialu-

ri eleqtronuli aqtivoba.

mogexsenebaT, rom sabanko gadaricxvebi da saerTod _ fuladi operaciebi komerciul sai-

dumlos miekuTvneba. ratom? swored imitom, rom maTma gaxmaurebam SeiZleba zarali miayenos

mewarmes. igive SeiZleba iTqvas kerZo pirzec da ufro metic: warmodgenili informaciis swori

analizi sakmarisad zust suraTs xatavs konkretul personaze, rac ukve arRvevs misi piradi

cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobas, zRudavs adamianis Tavisuflebas da zrdis ZiriTadi uflebis _

rogoricaa personaluri informacia _ xelyofis risks. miTumetes dRes, rodesac msoflio

kiber-terorizmis Semotevebs igeriebs, romlis magaliTic gvaqvs, rodesac 2008 wlis agvistos

movlenebis dros ruseTis mxridan gatyda qarTuli oficialuri organoebis saitebi da infor-

maciebi SeiZleba arakeTilmosurneebis xelSi aRmoCeniliyo an aRmoCnda. amasTan, arasodes ar

aris gamoricxuli xelisuflebis saTaveSi iseTi Zalebis mosvla, romlebmac SeiZleba es

informacia sakuTari interesebisTvis _ sxvebis winaaRmdeg gamoiyenon.

yuradReba unda gavamaxviloT kidev erT ZiriTad uflebaze, romelic el. piradobis

mowmobis SemoRebiT SeiZleba SeizRudos _ es aris adamianis Rirsebis ufleba. Rirsebis

ZiriTadi ufleba ganaviTares germanelma iuristebma meore msoflio omis Semdgom periodSi da

misi arsi pirdapir daukavSires qristianul moZRvrebas, kerZod _ bibliur Canawers, romlis

Tanaxmad adamiani RvTis xatad aris Seqmnili. swored qristianul moZRvrebaze dayrdnobiT

asabuTeben germaneli mecnierebi adamianis Rirsebis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas, romelic gani-

marteba rogorc _ adamianisTvis RmerTis mier miniWebuli TavisTavadi Rirebuleba.

17

Tanamedrove msoflio iurisprudenciaSi gavrcelebuli mosazrebebis Tanaxmad el. pirado-

bis mowmobebis ualternativo danergva zRudavs pirovnebis Tavisufali ganviTarebis ZiriTad

uflebas. es ufleba saqarTvelos konstituciis me-16 muxliT aris daculi da igi, garda sxva

aspeqtebisa, adamianis informaciuli TviTgamorkvevis uflebasa da misi personaluri informaci-

ebis dacvas iTvaliswinebs. saqarTveloSi el. piradobis mowmobebis SemoRebis Semdeg warmoiSve-

ba safrTxe adamianis personaluri informaciebis kerZo seqtoris gavlisa da personaluri in-

formaciebis erTian sainformacio bazaSi mudmivi bazirebisa. moqalaqeebi daculni ar arian maTi

SeuzRudavi katalogizaciisagan, rac seriozuli safrTxis Semcvel movlenad unda iqnes aRqmu-

li. ID baraTebis sistema saxelmwifos aZlevs SesaZleblobas avtomaturi (da ara personalu-

rad moZiebis) reJimiT iqmnebodes nebismieri moqalaqis srulfasovani profili, rac erTmniSvne-

lovnad ewinaaRmdegeba pirovnebis Tavisufali ganviTarebis ZiriTad uflebas.

zogadad, iseTi mniSvnelovani da sazogadoebisTvis aqtualuri gadawyvetileba, rogoricaa

eleqtronuli piradobis mowmobebis danergva, sazogadoebasTan aqtiuri konsultaciebisa da di-

alogebis Semdeg unda miiRebodes. imas rom eleqtronuli baraTebis ukan riskebi nawilobriv

ukve dgas, ar uaryofs aravin, im qveynebSic ki, sadac es sistema nawilobriv danergilia da

mniSvnelovani gamocdileba daugrovdaT. mTavaria am riskebis Sefaseba da Sepirispireba mosa-

lodnel sikeTeebTan. upirveles yovlisa, sasurvelia saqarTveloSi samarTlis saukeTeso spe-

cialistebs Soris gaimarTos debatebi el. baraTebTan dakavSirebiT, raTa mocemuli probleme-

bis Sesaxeb Sejerebuli samarTlebrivi pozicia Camoyalibdes.

garda amisa, unda Sedges SedarebiT farTo sazogadoebrivi ganxilvebi, rac mosaxleobas

miscems saSualebas Seiqmnas srulfasovani warmodgena el. piradobis mowmobebis pozitiur da

negatiur aspeqtebTan dakavSirebiT. saboloo gadawyvetileba ID baraTebis danergvis Taobaze,

swored da aucileblad, sazogadoebis poziciis Sesabamisad unda iqnes miRebuli. amas garda,

mizanSewonilia baraTs ar miebas, sul mcire - kerZo momsaxurebebze, mag.: sabanko operaciebis

ganxorcielebaze xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofis funqcia.

dabolos, saqarTveloSi dRes mimdinare sulieri aRorZinebis procesi, xalxis (gansakuT-

rebiT _ axalgazrdobis) moqceva sarwmunoebisaken, eklesia-monastrebis gansacvifrebeli momrav-

leba, religiuri literaturis da informaciis nakadis saocari zrda, Cveni drois saswauli _

yovladwmida samebis grandiozuli taZris aSeneba, da ra Tqma unda _ saqarTvelos sulier ma-

mad da winamZRvrad RvTis kacis _ uwmindesisa da unetaresi ilia II-is movlineba, naTlad gviC-

venebs, rom vismineT uflisa da kvlav davadeqiT mis gzas, rac Cveni gadarCenis, gamarjvebis da

RvTivsulieri, harmoniuli ganviTarebis sawindars warmoadgens. magram, es im SemTxvevaSi, Tu

sulieri gulgriloba ar dagvZalavs da kvlav ar ganvudgebiT ufals da mis moZRvrebas.

18

Archpriest Basil Akhvlediani

Security of Personal Information as a Fundamental Precondition for Business Development

Resume

All-round development of economic activities both in secular and religious spheres is crucially important for Georgia nowadays. Financial strength of the church and the state ensures spiritual and economic well-being of a nation. Georgia can achieve this goal through taking proper legal, organizational, economic and managerial measures.

Evereyone has the right and it’s in his/her interest that personal information about him/her be informed to the state or other people only as much as it’s acceptable for him/her. Protection of personal information is considered to be one of the fundamental right in the European and American legislation and consequently, to protect such information adequate legal measures are taken in democratic countries.

The decision of introduction of electronic identity cards, which is very important for the society, had to be made after consultations and dialogue with the society. The fact that there are some risks with e-cards is recognized even in the countries where they have considerable experience with this system.

It’s very important to evaluate these risks and compare them with the expected benefits. It’s desirable that the best law specialists have debates regarding e-ID in order to have the common legal position.

19

valeri arRuTaSvili

religiuri turizmis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi Sida qarTlSi

Sida qarTlis regions religiuri turizmis ganviTarebis didi potenciali aqvs. mxaris

oTxive municipalitetSi (gori, kaspi, qareli, xaSuri) arsebobs araerTi kulturul-istoriu-

li da religiuri Zegli. aqedan gamomdinare, turizmi SesaZloa gaxdes regionis grZelvadiani

ganviTarebis umniSvnelovanesi winapiroba.

bolo wlebis dinamikiT Sida qarTlis regionSi turistebisa da vizitorebis nakadebi

sagrZnoblad izrdeba. Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom turistuli obieqtebis damTvalierebelTa didi

nawili warmoadgens vizitorebs da ara turistebs.

Sida qarTlis regioni mdidaria religiuri ZeglebiT. aq mravladaa qviT naSeni cixesimagre,

koSki, taZari. regioni erT-erTi yvelaze mdidaria istoriuli ZeglebiT, rac iwvevs did inte-

ress religiuri turizmiT dainteresebul turistebSi. Sida qarTlis regionSi arsebuli moq-

medi eklesia-monastrebi qristianuli tradiciebiT momlocvelTa interesis obieqti gaxdeba.

Sida qarTlSi religiuri turistuli obieqtebia: gorijvari; goris sakaTedro taZari;

atenis sioni; ufliscixe; idleTis ioane naTlismcemlis eklesia; saqadagianos wminda dimitris

eklesia; saRolaSenis RvTismSoblis miZinebis eklesia; yinwvisis monasteri; bieTis monasteri;

winarexi; wveris wminda giorgis eklesia; rkonis kompleqsi; Zamis cixe; suramis cixe- simag-

re; qviSxeTis cixe; wromis taZari; urbnisis sionis taZari;metexis RvTismSoblis taZari; qvaTa-

xevis wminda giorgis eklesia; samTavisis taZari; erTawmindis taZari; alis dedaRvTisa; alis

kviracxovlis eklesia; beRleTis wminda giorgis eklesia; bijnisis wminda marines eklesia; bri-

lis RvTaebis, RvTismSoblis, wminda giorgis eklesiebi; xcisis wminda giorgis da ioane naT-

lismecmlis eklesiebi; wablovanis wminda giorgis eklesia; samwverisis eklesia; sarkis (sar-

yis) monasteri da sxv.

Sida qarTlis regionSi religiuri turizmis ganviTarebas xels Seuwyobs organizebuli

turebi. aucilebelia Camoyalibdes piligrimuli marSrutebi. SesaZlebelia turebis organizeba

Semdegi saxiT:

• samTavisi (X-XI ss) - samTavisis taZari mdebareobs kaspis municipalitetSi, kaspidan

CrdiloeTis mimarTulebiT 11 km-is daSorebiT, sofel samTavisis centrSi;

• erTawmindis taZari (XIII s-is I nax.) - erTawmindis taZari mdebareobs kaspis

municipalitetSi, kaspidan 10 kilometrSi samxreT-dasavleTis mimarTulebiT;

• metexis RvTismSoblis miZinebis taZari (XII-XIII ss) - mdebareobs kaspis

municipalitetSi. taZari XII-XIII saukuneebiT TariRdeba, Tumca, garkveuli istoriuli

cnobebiT, am adgilas eklesia gorgaslis epoqidan arsebobs;

• rkonis kompleqsi (VII -XVIII ss) - rkonis kompleqsi mdebareobs kaspis municipalitetSi,

misgan samxreT-dasavleTiT 20 kilometris moSorebiT, mdinare TeZmis marcxena napirze;

• atenis sioni (VII s-is I naxevari) - goris municipalitetSi, goridan 12 km-Si, sofel

atenis odnav moSorebiT, mdinare tanis marcxena napiras, gzis piras;

• ufliscixe (Zveli welTaRricxviT VI-IV ss) - ufliscixis naqalaqari mdebareobs

goris municipalitetSi, q. goris aRmosavleTiT 20 kilometrze, mdinare mtkvaris marcxena

napirze;

• gorijvari - wminda giorgis saxelobis gorijvris taZari VIII-IX s-is nageboba.

religiuri turizmis ganviTarebis strategiis CamoyalibebisaTvis aucilebelia regionis

SWOT analizi, romelic gviCvenebs religiuri turizmis ganviTarebis upiratesobebs,

SesaZleblobebs, naklovanebebs da safrTxeebs regionSi.

20

Zlieri mxareebi – S • mdidari kulturuli memkvidreoba;

• regionis xelsayreli geografiuli

mdebareoba;

• erovnuli mniSvnelobis religiuri

Zeglebis simravle;

• istoriuli sasuliero gimnaziis arseboba,

romelsac SenarCunebuli aqvs pirvandeli,

istoriuli saxe;

• mowesrigebuli sagzao infrastruqtura;

• adgilobrivi mosaxleobis tradiciebi;

• saSualo da umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo

dawesebulebebi.

susti mxareebi - W

• konfliqtur zonasTan siaxlove;

• arasrulyofili infrastruqtura

(sastumroebis, kvebis obieqtebis

Tanamedrove standartebTan Seusabamoba da

momsaxurebis dabali done);

• turistuli momsaxurebis arasaTanado done;

• kvalificiuri kadrebis nakleboba;

• religiuri Zeglebis amortizaciis maRali

done;

• finansuri resursebis da ucxouri

investiciebis arasakmarisi odenoba;

• turistuli obieqtebis mimdebare

teritoriebis dasufTavebis problemebi da

sazogadoebrivi sapirfareSoebis ararseboba;

• municipalitetebis satransporto

periferiuli gzebis mouwesrigebloba.

SesaZleblobebi - O

• Sida qarTlis regionSi religiuri

turizmis ganviTareba;

• goris municipalitetis turistuli

marSrutis centrad Camoyalibeba, saidanac

moxdeba turistuli marSrutebis gaSla

qarelis, kaspis da xaSuris mimarTulebiT;

• adgilobrivi da ucxouri

investiciebisaTvis mimzidveli garemos

Seqmna; • religiuri turizmisa da masTan

dakavSirebuli saqmianobebis

popularizacia;

• Sida qarTlis socialur-ekonomikuri

mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba xels Seuwyobs

mosaxleobis dasaqmebas da Semosavlebis

zrdas.

safrTxeebi - T

• konfliqtur regionTan siaxlove;

• garemos dabinZureba da ekologiuri

mdgomareobis gauareseba;

• istoriul-kulturuli memkvidreobis

degradacia da dakargva;

• qaoturi mSeneblobebi da istoriul-

arqiteqturuli stilis darRveva;

• dabali kvalifikaciis kadrebis monawileoba

istoriul ubnebis reabilitaciaSi;

• turizmis calkeuli segmentis

araTanmimdevruli, qaoturi ganviTareba.

turistebisa da vizitorebis raodenobis matebis ganmapirobebel faqtorTa Soris aRsa-

niSnavia regionul doneze infrastruqturis mowesrigebis RonisZiebebi, zogadad qveyanaSi kri-

minaruli mdgomareobis dastabilureba, qveynis turistuli potencialis popularizaciis

mizniT gatarebuli RonisZiebebi.

turizmis infrastruqtura - warmoadgens ganTavsebis (sastumroebi, otelebi, kempingebi,

saojaxo-kerZo sastumroebi da sxv.) da satransporto saSualebebis, sazogadoebrivi kvebis,

garTobis, sportuli, samkurnalo, religiur-sakulto, SemecnebiTi, saqmiani da sxva daniS-

21

nulebis organizaciebis, turoperatoruli da turagenturuli saqmianobiT dakavebuli da aseve

turistul-saeqskursio da gid-Tarjimnebis momsaxurebis mimwodebeli organizaciebis erTob-

liobas, romelic uzrunvelyofen turistebis xarisxian da operatiul momsaxurebas.

aRniSnuli momsaxurebis efeqtianobis gasaumjobeseblad Sida qarTlis regionSi aucilebe-

lia ganxorcieldes Semdegi RonisZiebebi:

• aSendes Sesabamisi standartebis mqone sastumroebi da moxdes kerZo pirebis dainterese-ba saojaxo sastumroebis mosawyobad;

• aucilebelia qalaqSi arsebuli gasarTobi centrebisa da dasvenebis adgilebis (parkebis,

skverebis, kinoTeatrebis da sakoncerto darbazebis) keTilmowyoba;

• aucilebelia sazogadoebrivi sapirfareSoebis mowyoba;

• aucilebelia qalaqis SesasvlelebTan da centralur ubnebSi ganTavsdes qalaqisa da mu-

nicipalitetis rukebi, romelzec datanili iqneba yvela RirSesaniSnavi religiuri turistuli

obieqtebi, maTTan misasvleli gzebi, kvebis obieqtebi, sastumroebi, turizmis sainformacio

centrebi, savadmyofoebis, fostis da policiis Senobebi da sxva administraciuli obieqtebi;

• avtosadgurebze, rkinigzis sadgurebsa da municipaluri transportis gaCerebis adgileb-

ze aucilebelia ganTavsdes turistebisaTvis qarTul da inglisur enaze transportis ganrigi-

sa da mimarTulebis maCvenebeli dafebi;

• aucilebelia municipalitetebSi arsebul turistul obieqtebamde misasvleli gzebis

mSenebloba, reabilitacia da keTilmowyoba, rac gulisxmobs gzis safaris mowesrigebas, gare

ganaTebis sistemis damontaJebas da sagzao niSnebis dadgmas.

Sida qarTlis regionSi religiuri turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia Semdegi mo-

mentebis gaTvaliswineba im mizniT, rom gamoswordes arsebuli mdgomareoba:

• unda gaumjobesdes komunikacia da koordincia regionis da qveynis dedaqalaqis turis-

tul saagentoebsa da obieqtebs Soris, raTa moxdes regionis turistuli potencialis sru-

lad aTviseba;

• unda amaRldes koordinaciis xarisxi TbilisSi moqmed turistul saagentoebsa da Sida

qarTlis municipalitetebSi arsebuli turistuli obieqtebis warmomadgenlebs Soris;

• Sida qarTlis regionSi ar funqcionirebs arcerTi turistuli saagento, ris gamoc

turistTa umravlesobis Sida qarTlSi mogzaurobebis koordinacias axorcieleben TbilisSi

moqmedi turistuli saagentoebi. Sedegad, ver xdeba Sida qarTlSi arsebuli turistuli obi-

eqtebis srulfasovnad da jerovnad aTviseba, turistebi da vizitorebi ZiriTadad Semodian

mxolod iseTi turistuli obieqtebis dasaTvaliereblad rogoric, magaliTad, aris stalinis

muzeumi q. gorSi da ufliscixe. maSin, rodesac regionSi bevrad metia religiuri Rirebulebis

mqone sxvadasxva turistuli adgili da obieqti;

• miuxedavad imisa, rom Sida qarTlis regionSi garkveulwilad mowesrigda sagzao in-

frastruqtura, problemas warmoadgens uSualod turistuli infrastruqturis ararseboba;

• mosagvarebelia turistuli obieqtebis dasufTavebis sakiTxi, gansakuTrebiT zafxulis

periodSi rodesac turistTa da vizitorTa nakadebi piks aRwevs. aucilebelia aseve turistul

obieqtebTan da sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgilebze sapirfareSoebis mowyoba.

turizmis sferos analizi aCvenebs, rom Sida qarTlis regions gaaCnia religiuri turiz-

mis ganviTarebis maRali potenciali, Tumca, am mimarTulebis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiroa mraval-

ricxovani problemebis daZleva. amas xels Seuwyobs is faqti, rom saxelmwifo prioritetad

gansazRvrulia turizmis aRorZineba, rac Sida qarTlis regions did SesaZleblobas miscems am

sferos ganviTarebisaTvis.

22

gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. m. margvelaSvili. turizmis ekonomika. Tb., 2012;

2. Sida qarTlis regionaluri ganviTarebis strategia 2012–2014 ww.;

3. analitikuri kvleva goris municipalitetSi arsebuli turistuli infrastruqturis

Sesaxeb da goris turistuli ganviTarebis strategia. gori 2008;

4. www.shidakartli.gov.ge 5. www.geostat.ge

Valeri Argutashvili

Perspectives of Religious Tourism Development in Shida Kartli Region

Resume

Shida Kartli region has good potential for religious tourism development. In all the four municipalities

(Gori, Kaspi, Kareli, Khashuri) of the region there are numerous cultural, historical and religious monuments. Hence, tourism might become an important prerequisite for the long-term development of the region.

The number of tourists and visitors has been significantly increasing in Shida Kartli region in recent years. However, it should be mentioned as well that most of the people, visiting tourist attractions in the region are not tourists, but visitors.

Shida Kartli region is rich in religious monuments. There are a lot of stone castles, towers and churches. There are also many historical monuments in the region, which attract a lot of tourists interested in religious tourism.

Tourism sector analysis shows that Shida Kartli region has high potential for development of religious tourism. However, in order to develop this sector it’s essential to overcome numerous problems. The fact, that tourism development is regarded to be a priority for the government will support to achieve this goal.

23

ekaterine babunaSvili

kacobriobis keTildReobis aqsioma kacobriobis xsnaSia

XX-XXI saukuneebis mijnaze kacobrioba axali gamowvevebisa da moTxovnebis winaSe dgas.

dRevandeli Cveni yofa mravali metad mtkivneuli problemebisadmi sazogadoebisagan swori poziciis SemuSavebas da mis gonivrul gadawyvetas moiTxovs.

dRevandeli msoflios problemaTa Soris ikveTeba iseTebi, romlebic sazogadoebisa da azrovnebis ganviTarebis kanonzomierebaTa aucilebeli, Tu SemTxveviTi Sedegia, da problemebi, romlebic saerTod ar aris damokidebuli adamianis neba-survilsa Tu mis moqmedebaze da bunebis ganviTarebis kanonzomierebebSi Sedis. adamianebi am ukanasknelis gadaWras mxolod nawilobriv da isic bunebis mecnierebaTa Semdgomi ganviTarebis wyalobiT Tu SeZlebs, rwmenisa da uflis wyalobiT.

samwuxarod, Tanamedrove msoflios civilizebul da ekonomikurad ganviTarebul qveynebSi oficialurad miRebul ekonomikur Teoriebsa da praqtikul sameurneo-mmarTvelobiT saqmianobaSi, TiTqmis ugulebelyofilia ufali, qristianuli sarwmunoebis principebi da zneobrivi normebi.

mTeli sazogadoebis mizans amqveyniuri siamovnebis (hedonizmi), bednierebis (evdemonizmi), materialuri dovlaTisa da maqsimaluri fuladi mogebis nebismieri saSualebiT miReba warmoadgens,1 da cxadia, rom aseT safuZvelze damyarebuli ekonomikis funqcionireba ganapirobebs, saboloo angariSiT, `simdidris~ pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT gaRmerTebas, codvebis sayovelTaod gabatonebas da adamianTa saboloo degradirebas.

arada, `mecnierebac da religiac~ ori saSualebaa obieqturi realobis Sesacnobad da isini xels unda uwyobdnen WeSmaritebis gziT kacobriobis ganviTarebas~.2

Tu davakvirdebiT Tanamedrove msoflioSi mimdinare ekonomikur procesebs da misgan miRebul Sedegebs, ar SeiZleba ar gaCndes sazogadoebaSi daukmayofileblobis sindromi èkonomikis~, rogorc mecnierebis arasrulyofili gagebisadmi, rasac mivyavarT am movlenebis siRrmiseul gaanalizebamde da am ukanasknels ki im daskvnamde, rom dRis wesrigSi aucilebelia dadges qristianuli sarwmunoe-bis da ekonomikis RvTiTdadgenili kavSirurTierTobebis `sinergiuli~ gziT Seswavla da gamoyeneba.

dRes, ise rogorc arasdros, msoflio mosaxleobis keTildReobisaTvis aucilebelia Seqmnili situaciis sworad, dawvrilebiT, siRrmiseulad da gonebrivad gaanalizeba.

kacobrioba (adamiani) warmoadgens im erTaderT subieqts, romelic samyaroSi srulyofi-

lebisTvis aris Seqmnili, romelic RmerTma Tavis xatad da msgavsad Seqmna: àkurTxa RmerTma isini da uTxra: inayofiereT da imravleT, aavseT dedamiwa, daeufleT mas, epatroneT zRvaSi Tevzs, caSi frinvels, yovel cxovels, rac ki dedamiwaze daxoxavs~3 (dab. 1, 27-28).

aqedan gamomdinare, srulyofilebisaTvis Seqmnili `fenomenis~ keTildReobaze zrunva udides pasuxismgeblobas, sifrTxiles, gonierebasa da did sulierebas moiTxovs. sazogadoebisaTvis mxolod materialuri dovlaTisa da saukeTeso socialuri pirobebis Seqmna, maTi moTxovnebis maqsi-maluri dakmayofileba ar aris sakmarisi daskvnisTvis, rom maTi keTildReoba uzrunvelyofilia.

rogorc aRvniSneT, mecniereba èkonomika~ adamianTa keTildReobisaTvis, maTi cxovrebis donis gaumjobesebisaTvis Seiqmna, romlis ZiriTadi sazrunavi adamiania. amitom, ekonomikis calkeuli dis-ciplinebis ZiriTadi miznebi da amocanebi, dasaxuli prioritetebi da qmediTi RonisZiebebi mimarTu-lia kacobriobis winaSe mdgari problemebis dasaZlevad.

1 mRvdeli basil axvlediani, giorgi SixaSvili, nikoloz bakaSvili. `marTlmadidebluri Teologiuri ekonomikisa da

marTvis safuZvlebi~. Tb., ,,meridiani~, 2009, gv. 30. 2 saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II mecnierebis, ganaTlebis, kulturisa da xelovnebis Sesaxeb.

Semdgenel-gamomcemeli giorgi SixaSvili. Tb., `geokeria~, 2004, gv. 4. 3 biblia. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo, Tb 1989, gv. 13.

24

ekonomikis mizania ekonomikuri triadis gadaWriT bolomde uzrunvelyos adamianTa keTildReoba, triadisa, romelic moiTxovs _ ra? rogor? da visTvis? kiTxvebze, amomwuravi pasuxis gacemas. ra? _ damokidebulia resursebis iSviaTobaze, anu im uflismier miniWebul talan-

tebze, romelic TiToeul saxelmwifos gaaCnia Tavisi originalobis dacviTa da identurobis gamoricxviT. rogor? _ damokidebulia im teqnologiur procesebze, romelic gulisxmobs nebismi-eri jansaRi meTodebis gamoyenebis gziT minimaluri danaxarjebis fonze maqsimaluri mogebis miRebas. visTvis? _ anu vin aris yovelive amis momxmarebeli, romlis gemovnebis preferenciebze xdeba gaTvla. ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom kacobriobis keTildReobaze zrunva, TviT am sazogadoebis nawils uwevs, romelTa pasuxismgeblobazea mTeli samyaros materialuri faseulobebis, Rirebulebebis, dovlaTis Seqmna. swori strategiisa da taqtikis SemuSaveba. paisi aToneli wers: `Tu adamiani ar fiq-robs meore adamianze, ar gamodis Tavisi `me~-dan da gamudmebiT Tavisi Tavis garSemo trialebs,.... is im RerZs miRmaa, romelzec qristea~.1

dRes, rodesac sazogadoebam civilizaciis umaRles mwvervals miaRwia Tavisi `fasdaudebeli~ rudunebiT, isev aqtualur problemad rCeba maT keTildReobaze zrunva. mecnierul-teqnikuri prog-resis gziT Semcirebulma danaxarjebma da gazrdilma mogebam kidev axali kiTxva warmoqmna: kerZod, gaizarda Tu Semcirda keTildReoba da masze zrunvis tendenciebi? isev aqtualuria misi gadaWris gzebis Ziebisa da daZlevis meTodebis SemuSaveba kacobriobisaTvis, Tu gapasiurda?

ar viqnebiT zneobrivad marTalni, rom ar aRvniSnoT mecnierul-teqnikuri progresis miRweve-bis did rolsa da mniSvnelobaze kacobriobis cxovrebis pirobebis gaumjobesebaSi, misi donis amaR-lebasa da keTildReobaSi. Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom misi Sedegia mosaxleobis sicocxlis xan-grZlivobis zrda, gonebrivi, Tu fizikuri datirTvis Semcireba. magram, mTavari is ki ar aris procesi ramdenad umsubuqebs tvirTs adamians, aramed tvirTis Semsubuqeba ra gavlenas axdens mis suliereba-

ze, azrovnebaze. adgili aqvs adamianis mier naTeli gonebis realizebas, Tu pirobiTi refleqsebis sa-SualebiT axorcielebs yovelives. `bednieria is kaci, vinc hpova sibrZne da vinc goniereba SeiZina! radgan misi SeZena sjobs vercxlis SeZenas da misi mosavali _ xalas oqros.~2 (igav. 3, 13,14)

`yovelive jer-ars Cemda, aramed ara yoveli umjobes-ars; yovelive jer-ars Cemda, aramed me ara vissa Ãჴelmwifebasa davemorCile. sazrdeli muclisaTჳis, da muceli sazrdelisaTჳs; xolo RmerTman igica da eseca ganaqarvos; xoloÃჴorcni ese ara siZvisaTჳs, aramed uflisaTჳs, da ufali ჴorcTaTჳs.~3 (1 kor. 6, 12-13)

arada, Tanamedrove msoflio `arnaxuli~ mecnierul-teqnikuri da teqnologieri revoluciiT xasiaTdeba.

rogorc viciT, mecnierul-teqnikur progressze seriozul zemoqmedebas axdens globalizacia da integraciuli procesebi, romlebic Tanamedrove sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebis ZiriTad masazrdoebels warmoadgenen. maT fonze TiTqosda cxovrebis pirobebi ixveweba da srulyofas ganic-dis, magram rTuldeba saerTo ekonomikuri mdgomareoba mTel msoflioSi. rTuldeba urTierTobebi rogorc saxelmwifoebs Soris, ise pirovnebebs Soris, SeiniSneba umarTavi ekonomikuri elementebis arseboba.

globalizaciisa da integraciuli procesebis zrdam zogadad da kerZod, mecnierul-teqnikur progresSi, daaCqara aramdgradi, umarTavi ekonomikuri procesebis zrda msoflioSi. SeiniSneba msgavsi ekonomikuri modelebiT sargebloba sxvadasxva qveynis mier, yovelgvari tradiciuli

1 saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposisa da biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis

mitropolitis, uwmindesi da unetaresi ilia II-is saaRdgomo epistole, 2011. 2 biblia. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo, Tb., 1989, gv. 566.

3 uflisa Cunisa ieso qristesi wminda saxareba, tfiliss, kavkasiis namestnikis umTavresis gamgeobis stambaSi, 1879. gv.

349.

25

interesebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe, rasac mohyveba TiTqosda gaidentureba saxelmwifos ekonomikuri sistemebis modelebisa, rac amZafrebs konkurenciul brZolas bazarze da iwvevs monopolisturi, Tu oligopolisturi tendenciebisadmi ltolvas. es ukanaskneli ki mTavrdeba qaosiT, Crdilovani ekonomikuri elementebis momravlebiT bazris dasapyrobad, ekonomikuri da finansuri krizisebiT, rac mZime tvirTad awveba mosaxleobas.

imata socialurad daucvelma fenam, momravlda umuSevrebi, gaizarda adamianTa mier erTmaneTze gamiznuli zewola (eqspansia), ris gamoc imata fsiqiurad, fizikurad, moralurad da socialurad Selaxul adamianTa raodenobam, romelTa dabalansebaSi mxolod ekonomikuri kanonebi da kanonzomierebebi uZluria. `Surma moicva eri uswavleli~. amitom raodenobriv mxares ki ara aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba Sedegis misaRwevad, aramed xarisxobrivs eniWeba upiratesoba, amis Sesaxeb wminda werilidan vgebulobT. ` uTxra eliam xalxs: me erTi davrCi uflis winaswarmetyveli, baalis winaswarmetyvelni ki oTxasormocdaaTi kacia. mogvcen ori kurati; erTi magaT amoirCion, Sua gakve-Ton da SeSaze Semodon, oRond cecxls nu SeunTeben. mec gavamzadeb meore mozvers, SeSaze Semovdeb da cecxls ar SevunTeb... xma gagvec baal! magram arc xma iyo da arc pasuxi. xtodnen samsxverplos win, romelic gamarTes... aiRo eliam Tormeti lodi, ramdeni Stoc iyo ZeTagan iakobis, romlis mimarT iyo uflis sityva, israeli iqnebao Seni saxeli... Camoedina wyali irgvliv samsxverplos da wyliT aivso Txrili.1 (3 mef. 18, 22-35)

kacobriobas uwevs mglur kanonebTan Widili da brZola arsebobisaTvis, gadarCenisaTvis, rac arabunebrivad xorcieldeba. kacobrioba ver an ar iyenebs samyaros ise, risTvisac mas mieca. qveyana adamians mieca, rogorc `sakvebi~, rogorc sicocxlis saSualeba, magram sicocxle, upirvelesad RmerTTan urTierToba unda iyos. samyaro da sakvebi misTvis Seiqmna, raTa maTi saSualebiT RmerTTan hqonoda kavSiri adamians. mxolod RvTis gulisaTvis miRebul sakvebs SeeZlo cxovelmyofeli yofiliyo.

adamis (kacobriobis) usazRvro tragediaa is, rom man sakvebi aRiqva, rogorc `sicocxle Tavis TavSi~, e.i. is erwmuna sakvebs, roca rwmenisa da sasoebis erTaderTi sagania RmerTi. `pir aTqs da ara ityvian, Tual asxen da ara xedven. yur asxen da ara esmi, cxvir asxen da ara iynosen~ (fsalm. 113, 13-15)2, maT aviwydebaT, rom samyaros Semoqmedi RmerTia: `uflisa aris qveyniereba da savseba misi, samyaro da misi mkvidrni~ (fsalm. 23, 1-2).3 kacobriobis gadarCenisaTvis uflis madliT ganbrZnobil adamianTa mier dawerili ` biblia~ aris saTave im ZiriTadi wyarosi, romlidanac unda ikvebebodes yvela mecniereba da maT Soris ekonomikac, is, rom biblia aris wigni samyaroze da adamianze, kacobriobasa da mis momavalze, mis saboloo bediRbalze, mis yoveldRiur yofa-cxovrebaze. `adamiani _ Sesaqmis gvirgvini~ ar aris mxolod lamazi sityvebi.

wminda werilis mTavari yuradReba mimarTulia kacobriobisaken, RmerTi kravs kavSirs masTan, romelic atarebs mis xatebas da mowodebulia msgavsebis misaRebad (ganRmrToba _ Teozisi) kavSiri RmerTsa da kacs Soris, RmerTsa da xalxs Soris, RmerTsa da kacobriobas Soris... kavSiri yovelTvis ormxrivia.4

faqti, romelic samwuxarod realuria, naTlad gveubneba, rom nawili kacobriobisa arabunebrivi wesebis gamoyenebis saSualebiT cdilobs moirgos samyaros marTva, anomaliuri meTodebi moaxvios sazogadoebas da CaaTvlevinos maT isini, rogorc bunebrivi movlenebi da kanonzomierebebi.

1 biblia. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo, Tb., 1989, gv. 316-317.

2 locvani da fsalmunni, gamomcemloba `gvirgvini~, Tb., 2008, gv. 168.

3 locvani da fsalmunni, gamomcemloba `gvirgvini~, Tb.2008, gv. 52.

4 biblia. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo, Tb., 1989, gv. 5.

26

swrafi tempebiT ganvitarebadma civilizaciam, mecnierul-teqnikuri procesis daCqarebam, internacionalizaciam, gaZlierebulma migraciulma procesebma, ucxouri kapitalis Tavisufalma moZraobam, globalizaciis tempebis daCqarebam, cxadia, ufro rTuli, Zviri da saSiSi gaxda kacobriobis keTildReobaze zrunva da misi dadebiTi Sedegebis gamokveTa, misi usafrTxoeba. maS ra xdeba? es mxolod ekonomikuri mecnierebis ususurobaa, Tu zogadad ekonomikis mecnierebis arasrulyofilebis Sedegi?

dRes msoflio erTi saerTo dilemis winaSe dgas. es dilema is didi jvaria, romelic mTel kacobriobas aqvs sazidi, rom am jvars ufali gvaZlevs da misi zidva zogjer gvimZims da zogjer gvimsubuqdeba (adamianis sulieri mdgomareobidan gamomdinare), Tumca es imas ar niSnavs, rom kacobrioba ar monawileobs Tavisi jvris SeqmnaSi, romlis vertikali sulieri kavSiria ufalTan, xolo horizontali _ sulieri kavSiri sxva adamianebTan. amgvarad, kacobriobam unda Seqmnas ori sulieri Zeli, romelic gulisxmobs: swrafvas RvTisken da swrafvas moyvasisken. pavle mociquli ambobs: `urTierT ars simZime itvirTeT da esreT aRasruleT sjuli qrestesi~.1 ufali Segvagonebs kacobriobas, `movediT Cemda yovelni maSuralni da tჳrT-mZimeni, da me gangisuჱno Tquჱn. aRiReT uReli Cemi Tquჱn zeda, da iswaveT Cemgan: rameTu mSჳd var da mdabal guliTa; da hpovoT gansuჱnebaÁ sulTa TquჱnTa. rameTu uReli Cemi tkbil ars, da tჳrTi Cemi subuq ars.~ (maT. 11, 28-30)2

`globalizacia aris gardauvali movlena da ukavSirdeba mecnierul-teqnikuri progresis ganviTarebas. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mTeli msoflio gaxda globaluri, magram es sulac ar niSnavs imas, rom didma qveynebma unda STanTqon mcire qveynebi~.3

zogs hgonia, TiTqos mcire erebis sulieri, Tu erovnuli faseulobani qmnis konfliqts da dapirispirebas, rac SesaZloa mtrobasa da SuRlSi gadaizardos. sinamdvileSi es sulac ar aris ase. es faseulobani, maTi mravalferovneba, piriqiT, amdidrebs msoflios, gamoricxavs konfliqts da dapirispirebas, Tumca, amave dros saWiroa Camoyalibdes sakacobrio RirebulebaTa zneobrivi RerZi, romelic xels Seuwyobs civilizaciaTa Soris dialogs. mTavari is aris, rom Tanamedrove procesebis mimdinareobaSi kargad unda gaviazroT sad aris subieqti da sad aris obieqti. obieqti Zalian xSirad erebia da subieqti cdilobs Tavisi ideebi moaxvios Tavs im obieqts da amoiRos is erovnul-

zneobrivi, sulieri monapovari, faseulobani, rac Zalian saSiSia CvenTvis. unda vicodeT, ra aris misaRebi da ra ara, ra aris fsevdokultura da ra WeSmariti Rirebuleba.

amitom, araswori xedva da aRqmis deficiti iwvevs ganviTarebis sxvadasxva doneze myof saxelmwifoebSi cxovrebis arastabiluri tempebis SenarCunebis gamoTanabrebas. ekonomikuri urTierTobebis umetes wils bazari aregulirebs moTxovna-miwodebis wonasworobis safuZvelze, romlis fonze ikveTeba ganviTarebuli (Zlieri), ganviTarebadi (saSualo) da naklebad ganviTarebuli (susti) qveynebi, am ukanasknelis eqspansiis xarjze xdeba Zlieri saxelmwifoebis monopolisturi poziciebis SenarCuneba msoflio bazarze. arada, esec araswori midgomaa, radgan wminda werili gvaswavlis, rom Zlieri unda emsaxurebodes susts: `xolo Tquჱn ara egre iyuneT; aramed udidesi igi Tquჱn Soris iyavn mrwem, da wina-mZRuari igi, viTarca msaxuri. vin ars ufrosi, romeli inaჴiT hzis, anu romeli hmsaxurebs? anu ara romeli igi inaჴiT hzis? xolo me var Soris Tquჱnsa, viTarca msaxuri.~(luk. 22, 26,27)4.

1 saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposisa da biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitis, uwmindesi da unetaresi ilia II-is sakvirao qadageba, 27 marti, 2011.

2 uflisa Cuenisa ieso qristesi wminda saxareba, tfiliss, kavkasiis namestnikis umTavresis gamgeobis stambaSi, 1879. gv. 20.

3 saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II mecnierebis, ganaTlebis, kulturisa da xelovnebis Sesaxeb. Semdgenel- gamomcemeli giorgi SixaSvili. Tb., `geokeria~, 2004, gv. 55.


27

`ukeTu me dagbanen ferჴni, ufalman da moZRuarman, da Tquჱnca Tana-gaZs urTierTars dabanad ferჴTa.... ara ars mona ufros uflisa Tჳsisa, arca mociquli ufros momavlinebelisa Tჳsisa. ese Tu hscnaT, netar xarT, ukeTu hyofdeT amas.~ (ioan. 13, 14,16,17)1

`Raribs nu waarTmev, radgan Raribia igi, beCavs karibWesTan nu daCagrav. radgan ufali gamoesarCleba maT da mis mZarcvelTa suls gaZarcvavs.(igav. 22, 22-23)2.

dRevandel msoflioSi mTeli ekonomikuri meTodebis gamoyeneba arsebiTad xdeba mxolod erTi Sedegis misaRwevad: miiRon mogeba, Seqmnan dovlaTi, magram rogor da ra parametrebiT, amas mniSvne-lobas ar aniWeben. aviwydebaT, rom `Senia ufalo mefoba, yvelaze aRmatebuli xar mTavrad. simdidre da dideba Sengan modis, Sen ganageb yovelives, Sens xelSia Zala da Zliereba, Sens xelSia yovelives gandideba da ganmtkiceba. (1 neSt. 29,11-12).3

`sibrZnec daifaravs kacs da fulic daifaravs, magram sibrZne upiratesia; mis mflobels acocxlebs~ (ekl.7,12)4.

adamiani gamudmebiT bednierebisa da siamis ZiebaSia, magram myar da mudmiv bednierebasa da siames ver povebs, Tumca eZebs daJinebiTa da Seupovrad. igi sul ufro da ufro iZens met codnas, iumjobesebs cxovrebis pirobebs, magram iqneba ki Jami, roca adamiani meti ganviTarebis wyalobiT bolosdabolos moipovebs bednierebas dedamiwaze? Tu ki gadavxedavT kacobriobis ganviTarebis istorias, vnaxavT, rom es imedi fuWia. ratom? imitom, rom im dros, roca mecniereba, xelovneba, kanonmdebloba da sxvani TavianTi ganviTarebisa da srulyofis umaRles xarisxs aRwevda, imave dros adamianis bunebaSi arsebuli boroteba Tavis mxriv viTardeboda misTvis Cveuli ZaliTa da Tavs iCenda kacobriobis zneobriv dacemaSi.

Cven TiTqmis ver vaswrebT Tvali vadevnoT mecnierTa warmatebebs, sxvadasxvagvar aRmoCenebs adamianuri yofis yvela dargSi da ar viciT, raRa dagvrCenia kidev adamianis sicocxleSive Sesamsubuqebeli da keTildReobis Sesaqmneli, magram aris ki dedamiwaze amJamad imaze ufro meti bed-niereba, vidre uwin? iklo siRaribem? avadmyofobam? gaxda ki cxovreba iafi? advili? ufro sasixaru-lo? gaqra ki adamianTa mwuxareba? ampartavnobis, sixarbis, fufunebis, sizarmacis, garyvnis, damo-nebis ganviTarebas didi asparezi Seeqmna. maS sad veZeboT bedniereba? simSvide? sad aris misi sawyisi?5 wminda werili gvpasuxobs `mis Tana cxovreba iyo, da cxovreba igi iyo naTel kacTa.~ (ioan. 1,4).6

dRevandelma civilizebulma, industriulma gonebam ar unda daiviwyos, rom beTlemis gamoqvabulSi Sobilma WeSmaritebam, xorcSesxmulma RmerTma Cvenma ieso qristem, pirvelma mohfina naTeli mecnierebis winsvlas. 7

mecnierul-teqnikurma progresma mogvca arnaxuli Zalaufleba bunebis asaTviseblad, magram

es Zalaufleba unda iyos gamoyenebuli adamianis ara sulieri dauZlurebis, aramed misi keTildReobisa da sulierebis amaRlebisTvis, am sityvebis globaluri gagebiT.

mecnierebisa da teqnis miRwevebis gonivruli gamoyeneba samyaros ayvavebis sawindaria da imavdroulad am miRwevebis uaryofiTi mimarTulebebiT ganviTarebam SeiZleba sicocxlis niSanwyalic ki ar datovos Cvens planetaze.


2 biblia. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo, Tb., 1989, gv. 579-580.



5 saqarTvelos erovnuli akademia, gelaTis sasuliero akademia(samecniero konferenciis masalebi),Tbilisi 2006. gv. 62-63.

6 uflisa Cuenisa ieso qristesi wminda saxareba, tfiliss, kavkasiis namestnikis umTavresis gamgeobis stambaSi, 1879, gv.168.

7 saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II mecnierebis, ganaTlebis, kulturisa da xelovnebis Sesaxeb. Semdgenel- gamomcemeli giorgi SixaSvili. Tb., `geokeria~, 2004.

28

`RmerTsa, romelman Sehqmna sofeli da yoveli, ra ars mas Sina: ese cisa da quჱyanisa ars ufali, araÃჴeliTqmnilTa taZarTa Sina damkჳdrebul-ars, arca kacobrivTaÃჴeliTa mier imsaxurebis, viTarmca moqene vissame iyo, rameTu igi Tavadi mohscems yovelTa cxovrebasa, da sulsa yovliT-kerZo. da Sehqmna erTisgan sisxlisa yovelni naTesavni kacTani, damkჳdrebad yovelsave zeda pirsa quჱyanisasa ganaCinna, dawesebulni Jamni da sazRuris-dadebani damkჳdrebisa maTisani. moZiebad RmrTisa, da ukeTumca vin eZiebda, hpovamca igi; da rameTu arca Sor ars kacad-kacadisagan Cuჱnisa: rameTu mis mier cxovel-varT, da viqceviT, da varT, viTarca igi vinme Tquჱnganni sityჳs-moqmedni ityჳan: romlisa igi naTesavca varTo.1 (saqme 17, 24-28)

yvela dros Tavisi tkivili aqvs da gageba am tkivilisa mecnierebis erT-erTi umTavresi amocanaa. amisTvis ki, rogorc wminda ilia marTali gvmoZRvravs, WeSmariti mkvlevari, viTarca ganmkiTxveli, jer im droebis qerqSi unda Cajdes da mere ganikiTxos TviT droebis Svilnica. es rom ar iyos, kaci verc sabuTs upovis cxovrebas da verc azrs gaugebs. amitom Cvenc unda vikiTxoT: ra dro aris axla? istoriis romel periodSi gviwevs cxovreba? rogoria megaekonomikuri orientaciis mTavari prioritetebi, msoflio ekonomikuri azrovnebis ganmsazRvreli Rirebulebebi?

`Zveli qronografebi (mematianeebi) istorias yofdnen ramdenime periodad _ adamianis asakis Sesabamisad:

pirveli periodi: adamidan noemde _ es aris yrmoba kacobriobisa, meore periodi: noedan abraamamde _ bavSvoba kacobriobisa, mesame periodi: abraamidan mosemde _ siWabuke kacobriobisa, meoTxe periodi: mosedan qristemde _ sivaJkacis anu mowifulobis xana kacobriobisa. mexuTe periodi: qristesSobidan moyolebuli _ sibere kacobriobisa.~2 dRes ki, rogorc politologebi aRniSnaven, 2001 wlis 11 seqtembers aSS-Si datrialebulma

tragediam msoflios auwya kacobriobis istoriaSi axali, uprecedento postmodernis epoqis dawyeba, rac moiTxovs saxelmwifoebsa da xalxebs Soris saukuneobiT arsebul urTierTobebis Zireul gadasinjvas. TiTqos paradoqsulia, magram rac ufro Zlieria ekonomikuri, Tu samxedro TvalsazrisiT saxelmwifo, miT ufro did safrTxes uqmnis mas saerTaSoriso terorizmi, romlis Tavdasxmis obieqti SeiZleba gaxdes atomuri eleqtrosadgurebi, qimiuri qarxnebi, gasaidumloebuli laboratoriebi da sxva mniSvnelovani obieqtebi.

swored am globaluri saerTo safrTxis da msoflio masStabis saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis TvalTaxedviT unda gadaisinjos yvela problema, romelic xels uSlis saxelmwifoTa TanamSromlobasa da xalxebis keTildReobas, ganviTarebis stabilurobas. es msoflioSi Seqmnili axali realobis erTaderTi gonivruli alternativaa. geopolitikuri kuTxiT, Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso urTierTobaTa sistema efuZneba metoqeobas ara er-saxelmwifoebs, aramed er imperiebs Soris. swored es iqneba erT-erTi yvelaze mTavari damaxasiaTebeli niSani Cveni cxovrebisa, romelsac zeTanamedrove ewodos, periods, sadac degradirebuli kacobriobis nawili cdilobs moirgos samyaro araswori, arabunebrivi meTodebis gamoyenebis fonze da gvTavazobs bunebriv formatSi.

yovelive zemoTTqmulidan gamomdinare mivdivarT erT daskvnamde, romelic gvaZlevs saSualebas gavakeTod gonivrulad gaazrebuli miksi, rom: 1. yvela am problemis gadaWra SeuZlebelia mxolod ekonomikuri faqtorebis saSualebiT. aucilebelia sinergiuli socialuri ekonomikis ganviTareba;

1 uflisa Cuenisa ieso qristesi wminda saxareba, tfiliss, kavkasiis namestnikis umTavresis gamgeobis stambaSi, 1879, gv.

257-258. 2 arqimandriti rafaeli, qristeSoba. ix.: arqimandrit rafaelis qadagebebi, statiebi da saubrebi. Targmna maia nikolaZem.

gaz. `jorjian Taimsi~ N 052(264), 8.01-15.01, 2004, gv.15.

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2. ar aris sakmarisi da srulyofili Seqmnili problemis sibrtyiseuli aRqma, sadac aTvlis sistema sakoordinato sibrtyis RerZebis gadakveTis wertilia, Tu ar iqna am problemis sivrciseul WrilSi ganxilva, sadac uzenaesi ufalia, xolo aTvlis wertili ki sjuli; 3. ar aris marTebuli simdidrisa da mogebis kerpiseuli gageba, rogorc kacobriobis moTxovnaTa dakmayofilebis ZiriTadi saSualeba, Tu ar iqna gaazrebuli mTavari, rom `kacs RmerTi aZlevs qonebasa da simdidres da imis Snosac, rom moixmaros, miiRos wili da gaixaros Tavisi SromiT; es yve-laferi RvTis wyalobaa.~ (ekl. 5,18)1; 4. ar unda iqnas gagebuli ise, rom qristianuli sarwmunoeba ganikiTxavs simdidres da mdidar adamians, adamianis sameurneo saqmianobis Sedegi nivTieri dovlaTisa da fulis Seqmna-dagrovebaSi gamoixateba da iqamde didi sjulis kanonSia naTqvami: `simarTliT SeZenili da sikeTeSi daxarjuli simdidre ar unda davamciroT~.2 da ara ise, rogorc es dRes xdeba: `ucxouri qveynisTvis daxmareba dRes is fulia, romelsac mdidari qveynis Raribebi ixdian da Raribi qveynis mdidrebi iReben (evan ezari)~3; 5. ar aris sakmarisi aRiareba imisa, rom sworad Camoyalibebul ekonomikur Teoriebsa da faqtorebs SeuZliaT ganapirobon kacobriobis arsebobis `puris Seqmna~, Tu ar iqna mxedvelobaSi miRebuli, rom `ara mose mogca Tquჱn puri zeciT, aramed mamaman Cemman mogca Tquჱn puri WeSmariti zeciT~ (ioan. 6, 32)4; `weril ars, rameTu ara puriTa xolo hscxondebis kaci, aramed yovliTa sityჳTa, romeli gamo-vals pirisagan RmrTisa.~ (maT. 4, 4)5; 6. marto aRiareba imisa, rom aucilebelia Teologiur-ekonomikuri principebis SemuSavebac _ ar aris sakmarisi am problemis srulyofili gadaWrisaTvis, Tu ar iqna gaTvaliswinebuli kacobriobis mmarTvelobis romel periodamde mivyavarT am problemis veqtors. ra aris amis gamosasworeblad sa-Wiro da ratom? amitom mivdivarT im msjelobamde, rom Zirfesvian Seswavlas, gaanalizebas da imdroindeli garkveuli gamocdilebebisa Tu Sexedulebebis danergvas moiTxovs dRevandeli Seqmni-li situacia. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs msajulTa mmarTvelobis periodi, raTa davanaxoT axlandel da mo-maval Taobebs, rom kacobriobis ZiriTad politikur, ekonomikur, socialur Zalas da siZlieres mtkice religiuri grZnoba, SiSi, siyvaruli uflisa da krZalva misdami Seadgens, romelic ganapiro-bebda Teokratiuli periodis idealuri marTvelobis periodad aRiarebas kacobriobis istoriaSi.

dabolos, ra raodenobis reformebi, Teoriebi, koncefciebi, mtkicebulebebi, argumentebi, praq-tikuli magaliTebi ar unda ganvixiloT _ udavoa, rom kacobriobis keTildReobaze zrunvis aqsioma kacobriobis zneobriv cxovrebaSi, e.i. codvisagan xsnaSia.

1 biblia. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo, Tb 1989, gv. 590. 2 didi sjulis kanoni. Rangris krebis kanonebi. mux. 21.

3 msoflio ekonomika, SoTa veSapiZe, eka lekaSvili, ambrosi griSikaSvili, nana aslamaziSvili, Tb.2008, gv. 649.

4 uflisa CuÀnisa ieso qristesi wminda saxareba, tfiliss, kavkasiis namestnikis umTavresis gamgeobis stambaSi, 1879, gv. 181.

5 uflisa Cuenisa ieso qristesi wminda saxareba, tfiliss, kavkasiis namestnikis umTavresis gamgeobis stambaSi, 1879, gv.5.

30

Ekaterine Babunashvili

The Axiom of Human Well-being is in Deliverance of Humanity

Resume

On the boundaries of XX- XXI century, mankind is facing new challenges and requirements. Today’s life calls for making up right position and reasonable solutions for many burning problems by society, which includes the following: 1. It’s impossible to solve all these problems only with the help of economic factors. The development of synergistic economy is essential. 2. It’s not enough to consider problems in a flat-way, where the starting-point is crossing point of axes of coordinate plane, but to consider the above mentioned problems in a spatial view where Supreme is the God and the starting-point is Law. 3. It’s not right to make wealth and profit an idol as a main way of meeting needs of mankind, if we don’t take into account the most important fact that is the following:”God gives a man property and wealth and ability to use it, get his share and enjoy his working; all these are God’s favour (Ecclesiasticus.5,1) 4. We shouldn’t assume that Christianity dooms wealth and rich man. The result of a man’s trades is reflected in accumulating of material wealth and money, and it is said even in Testament Law: “We mustn’t humiliate wealth, which is gained by a right way and which is spent on good things.”But nowadays “The help for foreign countries is money paid by the poor of rich countries and received by the rich of poor countries.” It’s not enough to admit, that properly formed economic theories and factors can provide “creation of bread” for existence of mankind. We should consider the fact that “It wasn’t Moses who gave you bread, but God (John 6,32) 5. “There is a letter which reads that salvation isn’t due to bread, but due to all those words uttered by God” (Matthew 4,4) 6. It’s not enough as well to admit that making up theological-economic principles is essential to solve this problem thoroughly, if we don’t take into account the period of governance where this problem vector goes to. What is necessary to correct it and why? That’s why, we come to the conclusion that current situation requires thorough study, analyzing and implementing of certain experience and views of that period. We mean the period of Judge Governance in order to let our recent and future generation, that main political, economic, social power of mankind is solid religious feeling, fear, love and reverence to God, which on the other hand provided the recognition of theocratic period as an ideal governance period in the history of mankind. 7. And lastly, after reviewing so many reforms, theories, concepts, evidences, arguments, practical examples we come to an evident conclusion that axiom of caring about well-being of mankind is moral life of mankind, i.e. saving from sin.

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ineza gagniZe

ganaTlebisa da rwmenis urTierTkavSiris sinergiuli efeqtis Sesaxeb

Tanamedrove msoflioSi inteleqtualuri saqonlisa da momsaxurebis msoflio bazari

tradiciul bazrebze xuTjer ufro swrafad izrdeba1. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, nebismieri sa-

xelmwifosTvis mniSvnelovania ganaTlebis sferos marTva-funqcionirebis efeqtianobaze zrunva.

sazogadod, ganaTleba aris codnis, unaris, daxelovnebis, azrovnebis kulturis, xasiaTis,

da sxva Tvisebebis swavlebisa da ganviTarebis procesi legalur saswavlo dawesebulebebSi.

saswavlo aqtivoba gulisxmobs codnis warmoebasa da ganawilebas, romelic tardeba regularu-

lad saswavlo institutebSi, dawesebulebebSi an sxvagan. aqcenti aseT dawesebulebebSi gakeTe-

bulia oficialurad miRebul saganmanaTleblo sistemaze. aqve isic unda aRiniSnos, rom arse-

biTi saswavlo procesebi mimdinareobs sxva institutebSic, rogoricaa eklesiebi, samxedro da-

wesebulebebi, samoqalaqo organizaciebi, klubebi, biznes-firmebi da sxva.

mokled ganvixiloT ganaTlebis sistemaSi saxelmwifos Carevis aucileblobis argumentebi

da saxelmwifos saganmanaTleblo funqciebi. ganaTlebaSi saxelmwifos Carevis aucileblobis argumentebia:

• gare efeqtebis arseboba;

• saxelmwifos mier umciresobis uflebebis dacva;

• ganaTlebis rolis zrda demokratiis ganviTarebaSi;

• sastarto SesaZleblobaTa Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofa;

• „saerTo Rirebulebebis“ dadgenis aucilebloba;

• ganaTlebis efeqtis gansazRvra ekonomikur zrdaze.

saxelmwifos saganmanaTleblo funqciebia:

• ganaTlebis gamowvevebisa da miznebis ganxorcieleba;

• saganmanaTleblo saqmianobis warmarTva sxvadasxva doneze;

• gansazRvrul asakamde savaldebulo ganaTlebis miRebis uzrunvelyofa;

• saswavlo gegmebisa da programebis Seqmna;

• saxelmZRvaneloebisa da saswavlo masalebis Seqmna;

• saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis dafinanseba2.

zemoaRniSnulidan Cans, rom saxelmwifos mxridan ganaTlebis sistemaSi Carevis erT-erTi

argumentia `sazogadoebaSi „saerTo Rirebulebebis“ dadgenis aucilebloba~, rac, Cveni azriT,

imas gulisxmobs, rom ganaTlebis procesSi aucilebelia gaTvaliswinebuli iqnes msoflio

Rirebulebebisa da konkretuli qveynis qcevis standartebis gaTaviseba axalgazrdebSi, rac

sabolood unda aisaxebodes maT qcevaze.

Cveni qveynis saxelmwifoebriobis 3000 wliani istoriis meore naxevarze meti mTlianad

ganisazRvra marTlmadidebluri cxovrebis wesiTa da misTvis ukidures aRmosavleTSi myari

placdarmis funqciis aRsrulebiT, ra rolic Cveulebriv savele brZolaSic ki urTulesi Se-

sasrulebelia da amitom didi qartexilebiTac aRiniSna. Tu am problemas enisa da kulturuli

tradiciebis TviTmyofadobis SenarCuneba-dacvisa da TaobebisaTvis gadacemis prizmaSi ganvixi-

lavT, suraTi gacilebiT muq ferebSi warmogvidgeba.

1 gelaSvili s., ganaTlebidan miRebuli sargebeli da misi statistikuri gazomvis meTodebi“, Jurnali „ekonomika

da biznesi“, iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikisa da biznesis fa-

kultetis saerTaSoriso referirebadi da recenzirebadi samecniero-praqtikuli Jurnali „ekonomika da biznesi“,

Tb. #2, 2012, gv. 65-80. 2 maRlakeliZe S., saxelmwifos roli ganaTlebaSi, http://videochannel.iliauni.edu.ge

32

marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoeba Seisisxlxorca qarTvelma erma ara marto Tavisi cxovre-

bis stilSi, aramed azrovnebaSic da asaxa msoflio mniSvnelobis mqone poeziisa da mwerlobis,

unikaluri xalxuri folkloris nimuSebSi.

damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdgom saqarTvelos saganmanaTleblo sferoSi mravali

reforma gatarda. maT sazogadoebis mxridan araerTgvarovani Sefaseba moyva, vinaidan xSirad

urTierobebSi iseT normebis danergvas vcdilobdiT, rac aSkarad ewinaaRmdegeboda qveyanaSi

saukuneebis manZilze damkvidrebul urTierTobis wesebs, magaliTad, ufrosebisadmi

damokidebuleba, sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgilebSi qceva da sxva, rac ufro metad fsevdo-

kulturis gavlenaa.

imis asaxsnelad, Tu rogor ganaTlebas vTvliT misaRebad, gvsurs visargebloT wm.

gabriel episkoposis sityvebiT: `ganaTleba marto maSin aris kargi da mxolod imisTana ganaT-

leba aris kargi, romelic aRamaRlebs da gaakeTilebs kacsa yovlis mxriT, da ara mxolod er-

Tsa, Tu gind umaRlessa, missa bunebis mxaresa. TviTon swavla aris orpirovani iaraRi; SeiZle-

ba kacma moixmaros is keTil saqmezec da borotzedac, sasargeblod da sazaralod Tavisa Tvi-

sisa da sxvaTa. saqme umaRlesia sityvaze, cxovreba uZvirfasesia swavlaze.

swavlam, ganaTlebam unda gaaumjobesos yovelni saqmenni Cvenni, mTeli Cveni cxovreba. ra

sasargebloa, rodesac kacis goneba savsea mravalgvari codniTa, xolo misi saqme da cxovreba

srulebiT ar gansxvavdeba uswavlel kacTa saqmisa da cxovrebisagan~1. vfiqrobT, am sityvebSia

mocemuli is modeli, rac ganaTlebis sistemam kargad unda gaiTavisos saqarTveloSi.

gelaTis akademiis daarsebisas didi mefe daviT aRmaSenebeli ocnebobda, rom akademia yo-

filiyo axali ierusalimi da axali aTeni. es ormxrivi keTilgonivruli damokidebuleba reli-

giasa da saR azrs Soris dResac devizia qarTuli eklesiisaTvis. `oriaTaswlovani istoria

Cveni qveynisa naTlad mowmobs, rom Cveni kultura, arqiteqtura, mwerloba qristianul

sarwmunoebaze iyo dafuZnebuli. qristianoba iyo is mTavari Zala, romelzec Sendeboda Cveni

sulieri Senoba. amasTan erTad, minda vTqva, rom saqarTveloSi qristianoba da qristianuli

rwmena mudam iyo dakavSirebuli codnasa da mecnierebasTan. Cveni istoriidan kargad viciT, rom

yoveli monasteri, yoveli sulieri savane ara marto sulieri moRvaweobis adgili, aramed

didi mecnieruli centric iyo~2.

aRniSnulis saukeTeso dadasturebaa, alaverdis monastris marnis magaliTi. am maranSi

`kasrebSi dayenebulma 3 wlianma saferavma da qvevrSi dayenebulma tradiciulma kaxuri tipis

Rvinom umaRlesi jildoebi daimsaxures. Jurnal _ `dekanteri~-s mier londonSi Catarebul

2012 wlis konkursze warmodgenili iyo 11000-mde Rvinis nimuSi. qarTuli Rvinis maRali

prestiJis aRiareba gaxlavT alaverdis monastris marnis `saferavi~-s Rvinis mier mopovebuli

regionaluri didi oqros medali _ `gran-pri~. xolo amave konkursze qvevris kaxuri tipis

Rvinom brinjaos medali daimsaxura. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom kaxuri tipis Rvino

msofliosaTvis ucnobia, brinjaos medlis mopoveba metad sapatioa~3. am maranSi gaweuli saqmi-

anoba, msoflio Rvinis mwarmoebelTa pirveli aTeulis wevrma, donato lanatim Seafasa,

rogorc `zeenologia~. es ki, Cveni azriT, miRweulia imis gamo, rom aq ganaTlebasa da

religias Soris dapirispireba ar aris da qcevis motivi ganisazRvreba saRvTo sjuliT. nebis-

mier morwmune adamians gaTavisebuli aqvs, `romelman icodis keTilisa saqme da ara qmnes, cod-

va ars misa (iak. 4;17) da `yovelsave rasaca iqmodiT, guliTad iqmodeT, viTarca uflisasa da

nu viTarca kacTasa~ (kol. 3; 24).

1 qadagebani imereTis episkoposis gabrielisa _ t. I, Tb., 1990.

2 rwmena da codna, patriarqi ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis Sesaxeb, saqarTvelos sapartriarqos wmida andria

pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTuli universiteti, ISBN 978-9941-404-32-0, www.logos.org.ge, gv.75. 3 Rlonti T., qarTuli qvevris tradiciuli Rvinis didi saerTaSoriso aRiareba,

http://www.since1011.com/ka/publications/88-qvevris-saertashoriso-agiareba.html

33

is, rom ganaTleba (codna, mecniereba) da rwmena erTmaneTs ar ewinaaRmdegeba, da piriqiT,

aZlierebs erTurTs, aRniSnulia msoflioSi cnobili moazrovneebis sityvebSi. i. v. goeTe werda:

`rogoradac ar unda moindomos adamianma, buneba da masSi mimdinare procesebi gonebaze unaSTod ar

iyofa, anu yvelgan da yvelaferSi rCeba adgili iracionalurisaTvis, rwmenisaTvis~1. m. ebner-

eSenbaxi fiqrobda, rom: `mTeli codna iwyeba eWviT da mTavrdeba rwmeniT~2. a. ainStaini werda:

`mecniereba religiis gareSe xeibaria, xolo religia mecnierebis gareSe - brma~3. cnobili

mkvlevari m. planki werda: „mecniereba da religia sinamdvileSi ar upirispirdebian erTmaneTs,

aramed nebismieri moazrovne kacisaTvis isini aucilebelia erTmaneTis Sesavsebad da

gasaRrmaveblad“4. didi mecnieri a. amperi axalbedebs aswavlida: `ufrTxildi marto mecnierebis

Seswavlas. iswavle, gamoikvlie qveynieri; es valia mecnieris kacisa; garna xilul qveyanas ganicdi-

de erTis TvaliT, meore ki daucxromelad miapyar saukuno naTels. erTis xeliT gamoikvlie bune-

ba, meoriT ki, rogorc bavSvs mamis kalTa, gepyras bolo RvTis samoselisa~5.

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II wers: `zogjer amboben: mecniereba da rwmena

erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegebao. ar aris swori. gana SeiZleba isini daupirispirdnen urTierTs,

rodesac Cveni yofis sul sxvadasxva sferoebs moicaven: rwmena _ suliers, mecniereba _

materialurs? isini erTmaneTs ki ar gamoricxaven, aramed avseben da aucilebelni arian pirov-

nebisa da sazogadoebis normaluri ganviTarebisa da arsebobisaTvis~6.

`yoveli sibrZne uflis SiSia da yovel sibrZneSi kanonis aRsrulebaa... Wkuanakli, magram

RvTis moSiSi sjobs didad gabrZnobils, magram sjulis damrRvevs~ _ gvaswavlis sibrZne

ziraqisa (19;20,24). Tavisi gonierebiT cnobili mefe solomoni ki miuTiTebda, rom `uflis

SiSi sibrZnis saTavea, siwmindeTa codna ki goniereba~ (igav. 9;10).

msjelobis gagrZeleba gvsurs Zveli da axali aRTqmis mixedviT. bibliaSi weria, rom

`gveli yvelaze cbieri iyo velur cxovelTa Soris, romlebic ufalma gaaCina~ (dab.3;1)7 (aseve

sxva TargmanSi mocemulia, `xolo gveli iyo ugonieresi yvela mxecs Soris qveyanaze, rom-

lebic Seqmna ufalma~8). gvelma icoda, Tu ra moyveboda akrZaluli xilis miRebas (e.i. Zvel

aRTqmaSi cbiereba, goniereba izomeboda codnis da informirebulobis Sesabamisad) da RvTis

SiSis gareSe arsebulma aseTma codnam, Seacdina edemis mkvidrni da RvTis wyevlis tvirTiT

daakargvina maT uflis samyofeli. daiwyevla adamic (`miwa daiwyevlos Sens gamo: tanjviT

miiRebde misgan sazrdos mTeli sicocxle. pirofliani Wamde purs...~ dab 3;17-19), evac

(`satanjvels gagimravleb ...~ dab. 3;16) da gvelic (`mucliT ixoxde da mtveri Wamo mTeli

sicocxle...~ dab. 3;14). xazgasasmelia, rom uflisgan daiwyevla ara marto Semcdeneli (gveli),

aramed misi damjernic, romlebmac ugulebelyves uflis darigeba.

Semdgom, axal aRTqmaSi gveli asocirdeba sibrZnesTan (sagulisxmoa, rom gveli

aRmosavleTSic sibrZnis simbolodaa miCneuli). sasurvelia gavixsenoT, rom Zvel aRTqmaSi

moses mier gvelis udabnoSi amaRlebis faqti moxseniebulia axal aRTqmaSic, rac Zveli da

axali aRTqmis damakavSirebeli erT-erTi xidia. ioanes saxarebaSi weria, `viTarca-igi mose

aRamaRla gueli udabnos, egreT jer ars amaRlebai Zisa kacisai~ (ioane 3;14).

1 rwmena da codna, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 31.

2K kuprava v., sibrZnis saunje, nakaduli, Tb., 1987, gv. 490.

3 www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/9810.Albert_Einstein 4 rwmena da codna, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 25. 5 Rirsi mama aleqsi (SuSania) _ Tb. 1999, gv. 185. 6K kalandaZe g., saqarTvelos dideba, RvTiuri sibrZnis marTlmadidebluri enciklopedia, Tb., 2009, gv. 67-68.

7 biblia, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gamocema, Tb., 1989, gv. 14. 8 Zveli aRTqma (axali Targmani Tanamedrove qarTul enaze, xelm: protopresviteri giorgi gamrekeli),

http://www.patriarchate.ge/?action=sagvto_cerili

34

borotebis simbolodan gvelis sibrZnis simbolod metamorfozas saukeTesod xsnis beri

efrem filoTeveli `da rogorc yoveli, gvelisagan dakbenili, Zelze Camokidebuli rvalis

gvelis Sexedvisas ikurneboda, aseve qristianic, romelsac swams qristesi, iswrafvis uflis

cxovelsmyofeli iarebisken, iRebs mis xorcs da svams yovladwmida sisxls, codvis – sulieri

gvelis – nakbenisgan ikurneba. am yovladwmida sazrdos miRebiT mas eZleva sicocxle, rom

ganaxldes da axal qmnilebad iqces~1. amgvarad, uflis SiSis gareSe borotebadqceuli codna

uflis rwmeniT sufTavdeba da misgan kurTxeuli xdeba axal simaRleebze asasvlelad, kerZod,

`aha me migavlineb Tquen, viTarca cxovarTa Soris mgelTa: iyveniT ukue mecnier, viTarca

guelni, da umanko, viTarca tredni (mT.10;16). da raJams migcnen Tquen, nu hzrunavT, viTar anu

rasa ityodiT, rameTu mogeces Tquen mas Jamsa Sina, rasa-igi ityodiT. rameTu ara Tquen iyvneT

metyuelni, aramed suli mamisa Tquenisai, romeli ityodis Tquen Soris (mT.10; 19-20).

analogiuri azria mocemuli wmida werilebSic, kerZod, `mixaris ukue TquenTvis da mnebavs

Tqueni, raiTa brZen iyvneT keTilisTvis da umanko – borotisTvis~ (rom.16,19), aseve, `rameTu

siwrfoebiTa da WeSmaritebiTa RmrTisaiTa da ara sibrZniTa xorcieliTa, aramed madliTa

RmrTisaiTa viqceodeT sofelsa Sina~ (II kor.1;12).

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom rwmenisa da ganaTlebis (codnis,

mecnierebis) erTianobaSi yvela saidumlos gasaRebi Zevs, `saidumlosa mas RmrTisasa da

mamisasa da qristessa, romelsa Sina arian yovelni saunjeni sibrZnisani da mecnierebisani

dafarulni~ (kol. 2;2,3), amitom, wm. mociquli iakobi wers: `vin ars brZen da mecnier Tqven

Soris, aCvenen keTilad svlisagan saqmeni Tvisni~ (iak. 3.13).

vfiqrobT, swored aRniSnulis gamo, wers saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II,

rom: `Tavisi funqciis sworad Sefasebas da Sesrulebas inteligencia SeZlebs mxolod maSin,

Tu Tavis codnas rwmenas daukavSirebs. oden am SemTxvevaSi miaRwevs is did da sasurvel

Sedegebs... saqarTvelos kulturuli, inteleqtualuri, Tundac materialuri potencialis

aRorZineba sulieri amaRlebiT unda daiwyos. mecnierebis da mis warmomadgenelTa suliereba

iqneba saTave Cveni qveynis ganaxlebisa~2.

Ineza Gagnidze

About Synergistic Effect of the Relationship between Education and Beliefs

Resume

The paper discusses the arguments of necessity for the intervention of the state in the education system and the educational functions of the state. One of the arguments of the state’s in the education system is "the necessity to establish “the general value " in the society”. Therefore, we believe that the norms introduced as a result of reforms to the educational system of the country must not be contrary to the established rules and customs for centuries in Georgia that were determined by the influence of Christian religion. That means generation of harmonic dependence between knowledge and faith in individual. This view is supported by the work of thinkers: Goethe, Planck, Einstein and others' statements. There are also the opinions of Saint Ilia the Righteous (Ilia Chavchavadze), Saint Gabriel Bishop (Kikodze) and Catholic-Patriarch of all Georgia Ilia II. Based on the Old and New Testaments, the issue of transformation of the snake from the symbol of evil to the symbol of wisdom is explained.

1beri efrem filoTeveli, mamobrivi darigebani, wminda ioane naTlismcemlis savane Cakiduli Txemebi, Tbilisi, 2012,

gv. 379. 2kalandaZe g., dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 68-69.

35

irina gogoriSvili

marTlmadidebeli eklesia da saqarTvelos saxelmwifos mSeneblobis idea

saqarTvelos saxelmwifos mSenebloba saqarTvelos moqalaqeebisTvis uzenaes nacionalur

ideas unda warmoadgendes. mxolod am sazRvrebSi Tanxvdeba erTmaneTs erovnuli da

nacionaluri interesebi. maTi Tanxvedris CarCoebs sazRvravs saxelmwifo. am sakiTxis ganxilva

jerjerobiT rTulia, radgan saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi mravalricxovani erebisa Tu erovnebaTa

warmomadgenlebi Tavs ,,umciresobaTa“ warmomadgenlebad Tvlian. dRes ase sakiTxis dayenebas

da mis yovelmxriv ganxilvas yovelTvis politikuri xasiaTi eZleva. sainteresoa sakiTxis da-

yenebisa da masze msjelobis winapirobebi.

termini _ ,,umciresoba“, misi survilebi, uflebebi, aRiarebuli an araaRiarebuli demo-

kratiuli faseulobebi politikuri Sinaarsis mqonea. sinamdvileSi maT araferi ar akavSirebT

im adamianebis problemebTan romlebic ,,umciresobad“ inaTlebian. ratom vfiqrobT ase? amasTan

dakavSirebiT, upirveles yovlisa, gavixsenoT, rodis da sad daiwyo am terminis gamoyeneba. Cve-

ni varaudiT, es Soreul preistoriul warsulSi moxda, radgan ekonomikur interesTa jgufebi

maSinac arsebobda, rodesac adamianebma terminebis politikuri, ekonomikuri, interesebi, konfe-

siebi, eklesiebi da a.S. arseboba ar icodnen.

uZvelesi droidan adamianebi sakuTari survilebis realizaciisTvis jer individualurad

epaeqrebodnen erTmaneTs, Semdeg ki, ganviTarebis procesebSi maT miaxvedra intuiciam jgufebSi

gaerTianebis upiratesoba. swored am periodidan daiwyo jgufuri interesebis gamaerTianebeli,

ufro maRali gansazogadoebis donis mqone interesebis, aRmoceneba. gansazogadoebis maRali

donis interesebis gaCenis safuZvels warmoadgenda garkveul teritoriaze mcxovrebi mosaxle-

obis saerTo survilebi. rogorc wesi, saerTo survilad cxaddeboda mocemul geografiulad

gansazRvrul teritoriaze mcxovrebi, mkafiod gamoxatul interesTa Zlieri jgufis wevri da

privilegiebis mosurne adamianebis ekonomikuri da sxva miznebi.

istoriuli ganviTarebis procesSi cvlilebas ganicdis ara zogadad interesTa jgufebi,

aramed maTi miznebis katalogi da am mizanTa miRwevis instrumentebi (formebi). samwuxarod,

sxvadasxva konfesiis eklesiebis mmarTveli elitisa da saxelmwifoTa saTaveSi mdgomi

privilegiebis mqone interesTa jgufebi xSir SemTxvevaSi erTmaneTs upirispirdebodnen. amis

safuZvelzec gaCnda maT Soris Camoyalibebuli urTierTobaTa dakanonebuli damokidebuleba,

romelic cnobilia, rogorc: cezaropapizmi, papicezarizmi da konkordati. rogorc vxedavT,

Cvenma qveyanam (ara SemTxveviT) konkordati airCia. ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiTa da winapirobe-

biT saqarTveloSi jerjerobiT ar arsebobs samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mSeneblobis swori gzis

Sesaxeb warmodgena. am gzaze bevri riski da qimeraa. maT Soris arsebul labirinTebSi rom ga-

viaroT da sabolood ar davmarcxdeT (rom araferi vTqvaT ganadgurebaze), aucilebelia gaver-

kvioT Semdeg sakiTxebSi:

• ra aris samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mTavari faseuloba?;

• sad, rogor da vis mier Sendeboda samoqalaqo sazogadoeba;

• ra winapirobebis codnaa saWiro samoqalaqo sazogadoebis asaSeneblad;

• rogoria xelisuflebis roli samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mSeneblobis procesSi;

• rogoria sxvadasxva konfesiis interesebi da roli samoqalaqo sazogadoebis

mSeneblobis procesSi.

rogorc vxedavT, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mSeneblobis gzaze konfesiaTa interesebi yov-

elTvis xelisuflebis interesebs ar emTxveva. swored amitom Cndeba konfliqturi situa-

36

ciebi, romlebSic miuxedavad aRiarebuli ,,magiuri kvadratis“, ,,SvidkuTxedisa“ Tu sxva

uzenaesi miznebis arsebobisa, upiratesoba periodsa da winapirobebs unda mivceT.

mxolod am safuZvelze unda CamovayaliboT qarTuli saxelmwifos mSenebloba, rogorc

uzenaesi mizani. saxelmwifos mSeneblobis idea da mis safuZvelze warmoqmnili mizanTa

katalogi garkveul RirebulebaTa sistemas efuZneba. ganviTarebis sawyis stadiaze igi

Cveulebriv bundovania da ar aris mkafiod gamokveTili. ganviTarebul samoqalaqo sazogadoebas

ki arabundovani, gamokveTili RirebulebaTa sistema gaaCnia. amdenad, igi bevrad gansxvavdeba

saxelmwifos mSeneblobis sawyis etapze myofi sazogadoebis mier aRiarebuli

Rirebulebebisagan. am sakiTxebis kvleva zogadad rTuli saqmea, radgan ganviTarebis sxvadasxva doneze myofi

sociumebi erTmaneTisgan mniSvnelovnad gansxvavebul RirebulebaTa sistemas aRiareben. amave

dros, TviT erT romelime sociumSi Semaval im fenebs Sorisac, romlebic ekonomikur

interesTa jgufebs warmoqmnian, aris SesamCnevi sxvaoba. igi (es sxvaoba) obieqtur

winaaRmdegobas warmoqmnis da Sesabamisad rogorc ganviTarebas, aseve, SesaZlebelia ukansvlasac

uwyobdes xels (Tu misi droulad Serbileba ar moxda).

saxelmwifos mSeneblobis idea, rogorc mTavari Rirebuleba, propagandasa da

sazogadoebis TiToeul wevramde dayvanas moiTxovs. mTeli rigi problema (meqrTameoba,

korufcia, narkotrafiki, trefikingi, sisxlis samarTlisa da samoqalaqo samarTlis garkveuli

danaSaulebi da sxva darRvevebi), rac ganviTarebis procesebSi Cndeba, yvela sociumSi

yovelTvis maSin mwvavdeba, rodesac samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mSeneblobis ideebi saxelmwifos

mSeneblobis ideiT ar aris ganmtkicebuli (SekavSirebuli).

sad, rogor da vis mier Sendeba samoqalaqo sazogadoeba? amas kiTxvebs pasuxi rom

gavceT, SeZlebisdagvarad unda gavmijnoT erTmaneTisgan TiToeuli kiTxvis aRmocenebis areali.

sad xorcieldeba samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mSenebloba? rasakvirvelia im samarTlebriv–iuridi-

ul sivrceSi, romelic saxelmwifos mSeneblobis ideis realizaciis safuZvelze yalibdeba.

saqarTveloSi sociumis aqtivobis samarTlebriv-iuridiul sivrciT dafarvis sidide

(maqsimaluri, minimaluri an saSualo) saxelmwifos mSeneblobis ideis gavrcelebiTa da

realizaciiT isazRvreba. rogor xorcieldeba, anu, ra instrumentebis gamoyenebis safuZvelze

mimdinareobs samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mSenebloba? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisas aravin

gaaprotestebs demokratiuli normebisa da meTodebis gamoyenebis marTebulobas, magram gana

vinmes aqvs absoluturad swori warmodgena demokratiul principebze? sadme mimdinareobs

msjeloba am principebze maTi moqmedebis pozitiur da negatiur Sedegebze?.

cxadia, rom Tu aRniSnuli procesebi sazogadoebaSi farTo ganxilvis sagani ar gaxdeba

manamde sociumis wevrTa lanZRva da gakicxva, Tu ratom ar arian isini demokratiulni,

safuZvels moklebulia. vin aSenebs samoqalaqo sazogadoebas _ umravlesoba Tu umciresoba?

rasakvirvelia mTeli sazogadoeba, romlis wevrebi Tavs garkveul ekonomikur interesTa

jgufebs miakuTvneben. rogorc vxedavT, problema swored ekonomikur interesTa jgufebis

kulturul-ekonomikuri, anu saxelmwifos mSeneblobis ideiT maTi datvirTvis doniT

ganisazRvreba. rac Seexeba samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mSeneblobis winapirobebs, maT Soris sami

ZiriTadi Semadgenelia: mentaluri, kulturuli da ekonomikuri. es is Semadgenlebia, romlebic

nacionalur ideas (anu saxelmwifos mSeneblobis uzenaes ideas) gansazRvravs. Cvens interess

mentaluri Semadgenlis gamokvleva warmoadgens. igi, rogorc wesi, aRmsareblobiT

ganisazRvreba. amave dros sociumis mentalobaze, mis cnobierebaze mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas

axdens ganaTleba da masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi. samive saSualeba, maTze zemoqmedi

faqtorebis (damaCqarebeli an Semaferxebeli) CaTvliT, sociumis aqtivobas axasiaTebs, mas

astimulirebs an zRudavs.

37

xelisuflebas samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mSeneblobis procesSi didi roli aqvs, radgan

igia yovelTvis pasuxismgebeli ekonomikuri politikis instrumentTa arCevasa da maTi gamoyene-

bis Sedegebze. demokratiis principebze saxelmwifos aSenebis idea ar gulisxmobs

xelisuflebis mxridan sazogadoebasa da mis SemadgenlobaSi myof, mkafiod SemosazRvrul,

ekonomikur interesTa jgufebze zemoqmedebas. ufro metic, demokratiuli sazogadoebis

wesrigis politikis Sualedur mizans permanentulad ekonomikur interesTa jgufebs Soris da

ara umravlesobasa da umciresobas Soris (radgan umciresobaca da umravlesobac

moqalaqeebisgan Sedgeba romelnic konstituciurad Tanasworuflebianni arian) wonasworuli

balansis aRdgena warmoadgens.

amave dros xazgasmiT minda aRvniSno, rom xelisufleba ,,pedagogi“ ar aris da mis

funqcias sulac ar warmoadgens sociumis aRzrda. piriqiT, sociumis aRzrdis mcdeloba im

meTodebiT, romlebic mTel msoflioSi gamoiyeneba (igulisxmeba dasaCuqrebisa da dasjis, warT-

mevis meTodebi) SesaZlebelia moklevadian periodSi gvaZlevdes pozitiur efeqtebs,

grZelvadian periodSi ki mZime negatiuri SedegebiT xasiaTdeba. am problemasTan dakavSirebiT

magaliTebi msofliosa da saqarTvelos uaxles istoriaSi uxvad moipoveba (egvipteSi

mimdinare procesebi amaze metyvelebs).

mizezi, Tu ratom aris SeuZlebeli xelisuflebis mxridan sazogadoebis ,,aRzrda“,

Zalian martivia. demokratiis principebze saxelmwifos mSeneblobis aucilebeli pirobaa

Tavisufali, demokratiuli arCevnebis Catareba. sociumis mier arCeul xelisuflebas

garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi saxelmwifos marTvaze ndobis mandati gadaecema. amave dros es

sulac ar niSnavs sazogadoebis Tanxmobas Seasrulos, xelisuflebis brZanebebi aucileblad da

upirobod sazogadoebriv RirebulebaTa sistemis cvlilebebTan dakavSirebiT (miT umetes, Tu am

moTxovnebisa da brZanebebis miRma mcirericxovani jgufebis ekonomikuri interesebi dgas).

ufro metic, arCevnebSi gamarjvebis Sedegad swored xelisufleba unda iRebdes sazogadoebaSi

gabatonebul RirebulebaTa sistemis dacvisa da ganviTarebisTvis xelSewyobis uzrunvelyofas.

rogorc vxedavT, sociumisTvis ,,gakveTilebis“ Catareba da ,,saSinao davalebebis“ Sesrulebis

moTxovna xelisuflebis uflebamosileba ar aris.

agreTve, unda aRiniSnos, rom saxelmwifos mSeneblobis xangrZliv procesSi aucileblad

mimdinareobs sazogadoebriv RirebulebaTa sistemis cvlileba da am procesSi xelisuflebac

monawileobs. xelisufleba uflebamosilia ara sabazro da administraciuli (direqtiuli)

berketebis gamoyenebiT, aramed mxolod demokratiuli meTodebiT Camoayalibos sazogadoebis

aqtivobisaTvis sasurveli garemo. aseT garemoSi ara marto ekonomikurad dainteresebuli

mcirericxovani jgufebis mier, aramed mTeli sazogadoebis udidesi nawilis TanxmobiT moxdeba

RirebulebaTa sistemis evoluciuri cvlilebebi (anu sociumi TviTon icvlis Rirebulebebs).

demokratiuli procesebis safuZvelze xelisuflebis gadawyvetilebebi unda efuZnebodes

ara marto arasamTavrobo organizaciebis, aramed ZiriTadad qveynis moqalaqeTa nebis

gamoxatulebas (plebisciti, referendumi da sxva). demokratiuli principebis moqmedebis

pirobebSi xelisuflebis xelSi sazogadoebaze zemomqmedi instrumentebis arc Tu didi

arsenalia Tavmoyrili. xazgasmiT gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom amgvar instrumentebs floben:

saxelmwifos sazRvrebSi oficialurad moqmedi konfesiebi, masobrivi iformaciis saSualebebi,

samecniero–saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi da sazogadoebis mier aRiarebuli avtoritetebi

(ganaTlebuli adamianebi). aseTi avtoritetebi yvela Cvens mier naxseneb sazogadoebriv

institutebSi arian Tumca maTi gamoyeneba (saxelmwifos da ara xelisuflebis interesebSi)

sociumis aRzrdis mimarTulebiT ar mimdinareobs. samagierod maT xSirad ekonomikur

interesTa mcirericxovani jgufebis politikis gasatareblad iyeneben.

38

amasTan, mkiTxvelis yuradRebas gavamaxvileb metad rTul sakiTxze – konfesiaTa ekonomi-

kur interesebze.

unda vaRiaroT, rom demokratiuli saxelmwifos mSeneblobis idea sazogadoebaSi myof

ekonomikur interesTa jgufebs arapirdapiri gziT xelisuflebis xelT arsebuli berketebis

flobis survils TandaTanobiT daukargavs. es procesi daiwyeba maSin, rodesac xelisuflebis

institutebi uars ityvian mosyidvis, urCTa dasjis (am SemTxvevaSi damnaSaveTa dasja ar

igulisxmeba) meTodebsa da sociumze mbrZaneblur zemoqmedebaze. es procesi, marTalia didi

xarvezebiT da Zalze nela, magram mainc ukve daiwyo. imeds gamovTqvamT, rom igi samSoblos

interesebSi warmatebiT ganxorcieldeba. es niSnavs, rom ekonomikur interesTa jgufebis

interesi gadainacvlebs sazogadoebaze zemoqmedebis mqone istitutebis SemadgenlobaSi moqmed

subieqtebze.

amasTan dakavSirebiT mniSvnelovania ,,samSoblosa“ da ,,saxelmwifos“ cnebaTa

urTierTdamokidebulebas davukvirdeT. nebismier qveyanaSi mcxovrebi adamianebis umravlesoba

saxelmwifos samSoblos damcav organizaciad da sazRvrad aRiqvams. nacionaluri idea

samSoblos aRqmasTan da gacnobierebasTan erTad ibadeba, magram mxolod saxelmwifos daarsebis

SemTxvevaSi povebs gafarToebisa da ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas.

samoqalaqo sazogadoebis wevri adamianebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian aRmsareblobiT,

kulturiT, samewarmeo unariTa da sxva mravali maxasiaTebliT, magram samSoblos isini

mocemuli saxelmwifos sazRvrebSi unda aRiarebdnen. rodesac garkveuli subieqturi an

obieqturi mizezebis gamo es kavSiri darRveulia, maSin adamianTa jgufebi TavianTi istoriuli

samSoblos an sulac ucxo qveynis nacionaluri (saxelmwifo) interesebis realizaciisTvis

iwyeben saqmianobas. am process maTTvis ara marto saxelmwifo interesebTan konfliqti

mosdevs, aramed im moqalaqeTa jgufebTanac, romlebic samSoblos mocemuli saxelmwifos

sazRvrebSi aRiqvamen. aRniSnul SemTxvevebSi yalibdeba viTareba, romelic saxelmwifos

institutebis, arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da sxva nacionaluri Tu saerTaSoriso

organizaciebis mxridan aqtivobas ,,cecxlze navTis dasxmad“ aqcevs.

aseTi konfliqtebis likvidacia urTulesi problemaa da Zalismieri meTodebis

gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, igi kidev ufro Rrmavdeba. ismeba logikuri kiTxva: vin aris (romeli

institutebi) pasuxismgebeli aseTi konfliqtebis gaCenaze, an vis xelewifeba misi likvidacia?

am kiTxvaze pasuxi rTuli ar aris, rogorc wesi, obieqtur mizezebs ayalibebs garkveuli

xelisuflebis mxridan gatarebuli mcdari ekonomikuri politika, subieqtur mizezebs ki

ekonomikur interesTa jgufebis mxridan konfliqtis gamomwvevi provokaciuli aqtivoba.

sainteresoa, vin flobs warmoqmnili winaaRmdegobebis ganeitralebis an likvidaciis

SesaZleblobas? isev gavimeorebT, rom Cveni Rrma rwmeniT, aseT instrumentebs floben:

saxelmwifos sazRvrebSi oficialurad moqmedi konfesiebi, masobrivi iformaciis saSualebebi,

samecniero-saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi da sazogadoebis mier aRiarebuli avtoritetebi

(ganaTlebuli adamianebi). amave dros Tu kargad gavaanalizebT Cvens qveyanaSi Camoyalibebul

situacias SevamCnevT, rom sazogadoebaze zemoqmedebis yvelaze mravalricxovan da efeqtur

instrumentebs sxvadasxva konfesiebi floben.

Tu davkonkretdebiT, am mxriv, cxadia, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias gansa-

kuTrebuli pozicia da roli aqvs. gansakuTrebuli pozicia gansazRvrulia konkordatis Se-

TanxmebiT.1 am SeTanxmebis safuZvelze saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia, marTalia, sax-

elmwifo religiad ar aris gamocxadebuli (cezaropapizmi ar Camoyalibda), magram misi gansa-

1 xecuriani j., saxelmwifo da eklesia: urTierTobis samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi. ,,favoriti printSi“. Tbilisi 2013.

gv. 15–20.

39

kuTrebuli roli saqarTvelos istoriaSi Cveni konstituciiT aRiarebulia. ivane javaxiSvili

aRniSnavs, rom ,,mwignobarTuxucesi-Wyondideli viTarca mTavarepiskoposi da vaziri, sasuliero

da saero xelisuflebis SemaerTebeli iyo. amitomac mwignobarTuxucess ekiTxeboda yvela saqme

eklesiebisa da monastrebis, samRvdeloebisa da moweseTa Sesaxeb“.1

dRes iseve rogorc XII saukuneSi, qarTuli renesansis periodSi, Cveni samSoblos

saqarTvelos saxelmwifos sazRvrebSi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mSeneblobis mTavari simZime

qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa (rogorc gansakuTrebuli rolis mqone konfesiis) da

samecniero–saganmanaTleblo sferos kompetencias warmoadgens. am ori gansakuTrebuli

mniSvnelobis mqone institutis saqmianobas masobrivi informaciis saSualebaTa muSaoba unda

aZlierebdes (rac xSirad masmedias masze ekonomikur interesTa jgufebis zemoqmedebis gamo

kargad ar aqvs gacnobierebuli). aRniSnul institutebze zemoqmedebas saxelmwifos

saxelisuflebo Stoebi mxolod nacionaluri interesebis realizaciis mizniT unda axdendnen.

saxareba gvaswavlis _ ,,mieciT keisrisa keisars da RvTisa – RmerTs“ (mar. 12,17).

cxadia, Cven ar Segvwevs Zala ,,keisrisa keisars“ srulyofili interpretacia mivceT, magram,

erT-erTi mniSvnelovani ganmarteba am sityvebisa, sakuTrebis sakiTxebSi unda veZioT.

rwmenasTan erTad sakuTreba aZlierebs Cveni samSoblos ekonomikuri interesebis

realizaciisTvis moRvawe sazogadoebrivi institutebis saqmianobas. amasTan dakavSirebiT

marTalia gaumarTleblad nela, magram mainc mimdinareobs saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiisTvis sakuTrebis dabrunebis mizniT misi ekonomikuri interesebis gansazRvra, dafuZneba

da gafarToeba. advili misaxvedria, rom am process Tan mravali arasasurveli precendenti da

riski axlavs. magaliTad, kerZo ekonomikur interesTa jgufebis mier skuTari interesebiT

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis ekonomikuri interesebis Canacvlebis agresiuli mcdelobebi.

ganvixiloT riskebi, romlebic am procesTan dakavSirebiT ukve moqmedebs da maTi igno-

rireba seriozul safrTxes warmoadgens, ara marto sxvadasxva konfesiisTvis, aramed mTeli

qveynisTvisac.

aRniSnul riskebs Soris mniSvnelovania, kerZo ekonomikur interesTa jgufebis mier

SedarebiT mcirericxovani jgufebis mobilizebis gziT, moqalaqeTa religiur grZnobebsa da

mentalitetze zemoqmedeba (swored am procesTan aris dakavSirebuli romelime regionis moqa-

laqeTa aRmsareblobis mixedviT ,,mcirericxovan“ da ,,mravalricxovan“ jgufebad gamocxadebisa

da dayofis upasuxismgeblo mcdeloba).

saerTaSoriso ekonomikisa da ekonomikuri politikis Teoriisa da praqtikis kursidan

cxadia, rom rac ufro mcirericxovania kerZo ekonomikur interesTa ,,lobisturi“ jgufi

(romelic sakuTari kerZo interesebis realizaciisTvisa da privilegiebis miRebis mizniT gan-

sxvavebuli aRmsareblobis moqalaqeebs maTi mentalitetis safuZvelze upirispirebs erTmaneTs),

miT ufro efeqturia misi moqmedeba.

sruliad sawinaaRmdego efeqtTan gvaqvs saqme mravalricxovani jgufis formirebasTan

dakavSirebiT. amdenad, Tu SevecdebiT riskis dazRvevas, mcirericxovan jgufs arasdros

mravalricxovani jgufi ar unda davupirispiroT. gansxvavebuli aRmsareblobis moqalaqeTa

mentalitetiT manipulirebis mosurneTa gamoaSkaravebaze aranakleb mniSvnelovania sxvadasxva

konfesiebis msaxurTa agreTve mcirericxovani kargad organizebuli lobisturi jgufebis

gamovlena da maTTan konstruqciuli dialogi (romelic miznad isaxavs religiur niadagze

winaaRmdegobaTa xelovnuri gaRrmavebisa da gaaqtiurebis safuZvelze warmoqmnili grZelvadiani

damangreveli Sedegebis gacnobierebasa da maT provocirebaSi monawile aRmsarebelTa konfe-

siebisTvis konfliqtze srul pasuxismgeblobis miniWebas).

1 iv. javaxiSvili. Txzulebani Tormet tomad, tomi VI, gamomcemloba ,,mecniereba“. Tbilisi, 1982. gv. 276.

40

xazgasmiT unda aRvniSnoT, rom zogadad nebismieri xelovnurad, Tu garkveul

winaaRmdegobaTa arsebobis safuZvelze, warmoqmnili konfliqtebis riskebis dazRvevis

saukeTeso saSualebas warmoadgens: regionis moqalaqeTa da konfesiebis msaxurTa ganaTlebis

donis amaRleba, dapirispirebul mxareTa realuri motivaciis ganxilva da maTi pasuxismgeb-

lobis sakiTxis dayeneba. dabolos unda aRvniSnoT, rom problemebis mogvareba da sxvadasxva

konfesiis wiaRSi Tavmoyril upasuxismgeblo manipulatorTa ganeitraleba gacilebiT daCqarde-

ba religiis kanonis miRebiT.

Irina Gogorishvili

Orthodox Church and the Idea of Construction of the Georgian State

Resume

The article presents the role of confessions and in particular Orthodox Church in formation of a civil society in Georgia. The Georgian Orthodox Church plays special role in formation of the Georgian nation and the state. Therefore, the constitutional agreement between the state and the church (concordat) imposes special responsibility on the state concerning return of the property and other rights for Georgian Orthodox Church. The article analyses the risks and contradictions, which arise in the process of constructions of a civil society. It especially concerns those groups of economic interests which by instigation use religious feelings of people of others faith against Georgian Orthodox Church and the state interests. The scientific work considers the connection between national idea, process of a structure of the state and a civil society in Georgia. Some possibilities of overcoming the risks accompanying these processes are suggested.

41

nodar grZeliSvili

religiuri turizmi, rogorc msoflio da regionul ekonomikaSi

saqarTvelos integraciis faqtori

saqarTvelos TviTgamorkveva regionul urTierTobaTa sistemaSi, misi ekonomikuri poten-

cialis gamovlena da ganviTareba, mravali faqtoris gaTvaliswinebas moiTxovs.

Cveni Rrma rwmeniT, saqarTvelos srulfasovani integrireba regionul ekonomikaSi da am-

iT qveynis potencialis zrda da Seuqcevadi ganviTareba, didwilad damokidebulia srulfasova-

ni da maRali xarisxis turistuli industriis ganviTarebaze.

dRes, msoflios integraciuli ganviTarebas safuZvlad yvela qveynis saerTaSoriso ekon-

omikuri da kulturuli urTierTqmedeba uZevs. samwuxarod, saqarTvelos Tavisi kulturuli

potenciali, saukeTeso bunebrivi pirobebi, Zalzed umniSvnelod aqvs gamoyenebuli turistuli

industriis gansaviTareblad. amis erT-erT mTavari mizezi, Cveni azriT, qveynis Siga konfliq-

tebi da regionuli politikuri daZabuloba iyo, ramac kvanZis tragikulad gaWramde migviyvana.

swored Seqmnili mdgomareobis gamo, dRes saxelmwifo politikis rangSia asayvani, regi-

onuli turistuli urTierTobebis ganviTareba, raSic mniSvnelovani roli turizmis erT-erT

saxeobas _ religiur turizms unda mieniWos. marTlac, Tu gadavxedavT Cvens konfliqtur re-

gionebs da dRemde dapirispirebul qveyanas _ ruseTs, advili dasanaxia (Tumca, mZime aRsaqme-

li), rom dapirispirebebi swored erTmorwmune, marTlmadidebel erebs Soris moxda, risi um-

niSvnelovanesi mizezi religiuri faqtoris, misi gamaerTianebeli rolis ar gamoyeneba iyo sa-

xelmwifos mier. integraciul procesebSi religiuri turizmis win wamowevas ki SeeZlo da

dRemde SeuZlia umniSvnelovanesi roli iTamaSos. Sedegad ki miviRebT ganaxlebul urTierTo-

bebs da gamococxlebul ekonomikas.

dResdReobiT religiuri turizmi, turistul saqmianobaSi erT-erTi yvelaze ufro aqti-

urad ganviTarebadi mimarTulebaa. swored religiuri turizmis mimarT mZlavri interesi xdis

mas socialuri da politikuri stabilurobis mniSvnelovan faqtorad.

msoflio mosaxleobis gadaadgilebaSi mniSvnelovani adgili `wminda adgilebSi~ saloca-

vad wasvlas, anu religiur turizms uWiravs. religiuri turizmi, turizmis yvelazed Zvel

formas warmoadgens, romelic maSin Caisaxa, rodesac msoflioSi Seiqmna religiis sxvadasxva

mimdinareoba. momlocvelobiTi turebi religiur-SemecnebiT da kulturul-istoriulebisagan

gansxvavebiT, iTvaliswinebs ara mxolod SemecnebiT miznebs, aramed istoriulad Camoyalibebu-

li salocavi ritualebis Catarebas (sarwmunoebis mixedviT), romelic sruliad gansxvavdeba

gasarTobi, gamajansaRebeli, SemecnebiTi da turizmis sxva saxeobebidan. momlocvelobis saerTo

safuZvels rwmena warmoadgens. mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom locva an ama Tu im ritualis Ca-

tareba yovelTvis exmianeba romelime RvTaebasTan dakavSirebul adgils, bunebriv an adamianis

mier Seqmnil sakulto nagebobas (eklesiebi, taZrebi, meCeTebi, sinagogebi, samlocvelo saxlebi,

xatebi, `wmindanTa~ nawilebi), romelTa mizans warmoadgens adamianTa sulieri moTxovnilebebis

dakmayofileba da religiuri cnobierebis gamococxleba1.

msoflio turistuli organizaciis (UNWTO) monacemebiT, turizmis SedarebiT yvelaze

ufro perspeqtiuli mimarTulebebs Soris pirveli adgili swored religiur (momlocvelobiT)

turizms uWiravs. eqspertebi religiur turizms afaseben rogorc XXI saukunis yvelaze per-

speqtiul mimarTulebas. aseTi tendencia dakavSirebulia Tanamedrove adamianis gazrdil moT-

xovnilebebTan _ ufro Rrmad gaecnon msoflio religiebs, gaiRrmaon codna calkeuli qveyne-

bis da regionebis religiuri cxovrebis Sesaxeb, agreTve surviliT, miiRon sulieri simdidre

1 birJakovi m., turizmis Teoria (qarTuli Targmani m. metrevelisa). gam. Sps. ,,fotoni”. Tbilisi, 2004. gv. 2-10.

42

aseTi mogzaurobidan. dRes religiuri miswrafebebiT mogzaurobis geografia farTovdeba gaci-

lebiT swrafad, vidre turizmis sxva mimarTulebebi.

religiur turizms gaaCnia ori ZiriTadi saxesxvaoba _ momlocvelobiTi turizmi da eqs-

kursiuli turizmi religiuri TematikiT. momlocveloba, romelic qveynis gareT, ZiriTadad

sapatriarqos turizmis departamentis mier, xolo qveynis SigniT adgilobriv eklesiaTa Zalis-

xmeviT da mrevlis monawileobiT xorcieldeba, garkveulwilad turistuli industriis sagnad

ver ganixileba, radgan komerciuli interesi aq pirdapir araa warmodgenili, Tumca, mniSvnelo-

vani roli SeiZleba iTamaSos konfliqtebis CacxromaSi, rasac ukve vwerdiT wignSi `afxazeTi

_ qristianoba da ekonomika~.

zogadad, turistuli potenciali Seicavs or ZiriTad mimarTulebas - pirobebs da re-

sursebs. religiuri turizmis mimarT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom pirobebi _ es SesaZleblobebi da

wanamZRvrebia am saxeobis turizmis keTilsasurvelad gasaviTareblad. SeiZleba CamovTvaloT

Semdegi pirobebi _ buneba, istoria, mosaxleoba, kultura, ekonomika, politika. rodesac kon-

fliqtur regionebze vmsjelobT, aq ra Tqma unda, umTavresi xelisSemSleli faqtori swored

daZabuli politikuri fonis arsebobaa. am fonis Seneleba-ganeitraleba (pirveli nabijebis ga-

dadgma) Cven swored sapatriarqos egidiT ganxorcielebul momlocvelTa organizebuli ture-

biT gvesaxeba.

religiuri Tematikis eqskursiuli turizmiT ki, Cveni azriT, upirvelesad unda iyos da-

kavebuli sportisa da axalgazrdobis saministro. axalgazrduli turizmi konfliqtur regi-

onebSi ki SeiZleba gaxdes Semdegi nabiji urTierTobebis daTbobaSi. sapilote programa SeiZle-

ba ganxorcieldes galisa da oCamCiris Sereul qarTul-afxazur soflebSi, sadac amasTan,

qristianuli kulturis Zeglebi, istoriuli Tu bunebrivi RirsSesaniSnaobani arsebobs. aqcen-

ti pirvel etapze unda gakeTdes axalgazrdul turizmze, radgan maT omis qarcecxli uSual-

od ar SexebiaT. aqac, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos uSualo CarTulobiT gansaxorcielebeli es

proeqtic ormxrivi ndobis pirobebSi, imedia daiwyeba da warmatebulic aRmoCndeba.1

dRevandel etapze, turizmi saxelmwifos mier proteqcionistul politikas moiTxovs, es

SeiZleba gamoixatos igive sportisa da axalgazrduli saministros mWidro TanamSromlobaSi

ruseTisa da dsT-s sxva qveynebis analogiur uwyebebTan, studentTa gacvliTi programebis sa-

xiT. rodesac, saubaria ruseTTan ekonomikuri kavSirebis aRdgenis aucileblobaze, rac qarTu-

li ekonomikis stagnaciidan gamosasvlelad umniSvnelovanesi pirobaa, gaTvla grZelvadiani ur-

TierTobebis aRdgenisaken da ara mimdinare etapze ,,axla ase vcadoT“ principze unda iyos mi-

marTuli. dsT-s sivrceze daviwyebuli saqarTvelos warmoCena, axalgazrdul turizmSi proteq-

cionistuli politikis Sedegad unda gavxadoT SesaZlebeli, aman SeiZleba mimdinare etapze

finansuri resursebis xarji gamoiwvios, Tumca arcTu grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi, yovelive aT-

mag efeqts, upirvelesad ki swored turistTa ricxvis ganuwyvetel zrdas moitans, mimdinare

keTilsasurveli efeqtebiT.

religiuri turizmi, ikavebs ra sakuTar niSas turistuli winadadebebis speqtrSi, mWid-

rod da ganuyreladaa dakavSirebuli, turizmis sxva saxeobebTan. saqarTveloSi eklesia-monas-

trebi yvela regionSia, religiuri turizmis ganviTareba ki regionebis ekonomikur ganviTarebas

Seuwyobs xels, agroturizms ki erT-erT prioritetul turistul saxeobad gadaaqcevs. mim-

zidveloba, xalxi, produqti – es aris agroturizmis ZiriTadi komponentebi. agroturizmis

warmatebiT ganviTareba partniorul urTierTobazea damyarebuli, rac sasicocxlod mniSvnelo-

vania adgilobrivi mdgradi ganviTarebisaTvis.

1 grZeliSvili n., ,,afxazeTi _ qristianobda da ekonomika’’. Tb. 2011, gv.115-116.

43

dRevandel pirobebSi, rodesac xelisuflebis erT-erTi mTavari sazrunavi soflidan mig-

raciis SeCereba da xalxis adgilze dasaqmeba unda iyos, msgavsi proeqtebis ganxorcielebas

Tavadac unda uwyobdes xels. saWiroa ama Tu im soflis turistuli potencialis Seswavla da

garkveuli investiciebis ganxorcieleba komunikaciebis mosawesrigeblad. aseve mizanSewonili

iqneba, sakuTriv soflis mcxovrebTaTvis grZelvadiani kreditebis gacema, sakuTari saxlisa da

meurneobis saTanado doneze mosawyobad, kerZo sastumroebis asaSeneblad. amisaTvis ki saWiroa

investiciebi1. investiciebis mozidvis realuri gasaRebi – ama Tu im regionis politikuri

klimatis TaviseburebebSia, kerZod, jansaR makroekonomikur politikaSi, sakuTrebis mkafiod

Camoyalibebul uflebebSi da efeqtianad funqcionirebad finansur da sabanko seqtorebSi. regi-

onulma integraciam SeiZleba xeli Seuwyos investiciebis moculobis zrdas, Tu igi arsebiTad

amaRlebs politikisadmi ndobas da afarToebs bazrebs, magram es procesi SeTanwyobil unda iq-

nes adekvatur zogadpolitikur kursTan.2

kvlav msoflio statistikas Tu davubrundebiT, msoflio turizmma bolo 30 wlis gan-

mavlobaSi miaRwia gansakuTrebul warmatebebs - saerTaSoriso turistebis raodenoba gaizarda

daaxloebiT 4 jer, xolo savaluto Semosavlebi ki TiTqmis 25-jer. religiuri turizmis

msoflio bazari Seadgens daaxloebiT 18 mlrd dolars weliwadSi (daaxloebiT 2%-ia

turizmis Semosavlebidan).

2011 wels turizmis wilma msoflio mTlian Siga produqtSi 9% Seadgina, rac 6 trln

dolars aRemateba. aRniSnul seqtorSi 255 mln-ze meti adamiani muSaobs, rac msoflio masSta-

biT dasaqmebis 8.7 %-s Seadgens. mosalodnelia, rom turizmis industriis zrda gagrZeldeba

saSualod 4%- iani wliuri matebis tempiT da uaxloes wlebSi mSp-is 10%-s, anu daaxloebiT

10 trln dolars gautoldeba. mTlian saerTaSoriso mogzaurTa Soris saqarTvelos stumarTa

wili 2007 wlidan 2012 wlamde 0.12%-dan 0.29-mde gaizarda.3

turizmi xasiaTdeba maRali multiplikatoruli efeqtiT, rac gulisxmobs imas, rom uSu-

alod turizmSi Seqmnili erTi samuSao adgili, momijnave dargebSi qmnis sam axal samuSao ad-

gils, rogoricaa: transporti, momsaxureba, vaWroba da sxva. turizmis Semosavlebis erTi er-

TeuliT zrda, momijnave dargebSi Semosavlebis ori erTeuliT zrdas iwvevs.

1 mag. litvaSi soflis turizmis gansaviTareblad saxelmwifosa da evrokavSiris struqturuli fondebis mier

2007-2012 wlebisaTvis gamoyofili iqna 82 mln evro. 2 baraTaSvili e., TakalnZe l., grZeliSvili n. biznesis administrireba da konkurentunarianoba, Tb., 2010. gv. 216-

218. 3 saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli administracia. saqarTvelos turizmis industriis mimoxilva. 2012. gv 1-2.

44

turizms erTi unikaluri Tvisebac aqvs, romelic arc erT sxva dargs ar gaaCnia _ mas

SeuZlia qveynis sxvadasxva regionis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis donis gamoTanabreba. turizmis

ganviTareba garkveulwilad stimulatoris (katalizatoris) rols asrulebs qveyanaSi uamravi

sxva dargis ganviTarebisaTvis. is kavSirSia mraval momijnave da aramomijnave dargis ganviTare-

basTan.1

saqarTveloSi religiur turizms Tavisebur momxibvlelobas matebs is faqtic, rom

qveyanaSi sxvadasxva religiuri konfensiebis araerTi salocavia.

dRevandel dRes 90% obieqtebisa msoflioSi, romelic warmoadgens interess turistebi-

saTvis, ase Tu ise dakavSirebulia religiasTan, Tumca maTma garkveulma nawilma dakarga misi

Tavdapirveli mniSvneloba. saqarTveloSi aseTi obieqtebis ricxvi absolutur umravlesobas Se-

adgens, gaTvaliswinebiT qristianobis gavrcelebis mravalsaukunovani istoriisa. amitomac auc-

ilebelia religiuri turizmis maqsimaluri potencialis gamovlena, zomebis miReba misi ganvi-

Tarebis optimizaciisaTvis da momavlisTvis misi rolis prognozireba.

saqarTveloSi 12 000-ze meti istoriuli da kulturuli monumentia, romelTagan 4 Se-

sulia iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi: 1. mcxeTa – saqarTvelos uZvelesi deda-

qalaqi; 2. bagratis taZari (XI s.); 3. gelaTis monasteri quTaisSi (XI s.); 4. sofeli uSguli

svaneTSi, romelic iTvleba evropis yvelaze maRla mdebare dasaxlebad (2300 m.)

saqarTveloSi mogzaurobis miznebi

wyaro: saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli saagento. 2010 wlis cxra Tvis monacemebi.

rogorc mocemuli grafikebidan Cans religiuri turizmi mzardi tendenciiT xasiaTdeba

da darwmunebulni varT, rom religiuri turizmi sul ufro met saerTaSoriso turists

moizidavs da kidev ufro did segments daikavebs saqarTvelos turizmis industriaSi,

xelisuflebis mxridan Sesabamisi politikis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi.

saqarTvelosaTvis turizmis industriis aranakleb mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgens saSi-

nao turizmi, romelic Semdegi maxasiaTeblebiT xasiaTdeba:

- saSinao turistebi fuls xarjaven ara ucxo, aramed sakuTari qveyanaSi, ris gamoc ar

xdeba fulis gadineba, rac, sabolood, xels uwyobs qveynis ekonomikur ganviTarebas;

- saSinao turizmi mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs qveynis im regionebis ganviTarebaSi, ro-

melTac ar gaaCniaT sawarmoo resursebi da saSualebebi, radgan iZleva Semosavlebis gadanawi-

lebis saSualebas regionebs Soris;

- saSinao turizmis ganviTareba Semosavlis mniSvnelovan wyaros warmoadgens regionSi ar-

sebul, turizmis sferosTan pirdapir da arapirdapir dakavSirebuli firmebisaTvis;

1 devaZe a., grZeliSvili n. turizmi saqarTveloSi _ arsebuli mdgomareoba, problemebi, perspeqtivebi, Tb., 2012.

gv. 149.

45

saSinao turistebs xSirad imave turistul produqtze aqvT moTxovna, razec saerTaSo-

riso turistebs da im infrastruqturasa da obieqtebs iyeneben, romlebic gankuTvnilia adgi-

lobrivi mosaxleobisaTvis, amitom am obieqtebis saSinao turistebiT datvirTva unda akontro-

lon Sesabamisma saxelmwifo organoebma.

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imasac rom, Sida turizmSi ZiriTadadDaxalgazrdebi arian CarTulni

da isini saeqskursio-SemecnebiT da rekreaciul turizmTan erTad eklesia-monastrebis monaxu-

lebiT arian dainteresebulni, maSin davinaxavT rom qveynis Sida religiuri turizmi ara mxo-

lod turizmis erT-erTi saxeobaa, aramed mas gacilebiT siRrmiseuli datvirTva aqvs, igi

xels uwobs axalgazrdebis patriotuli da marTmadidebluri suliT aRzrdas. es ki Zalzed

mniSvnelovani faqtoria dRevandeli saqarTvelos sinamdvileSi.

religiuri turizmis potencialis ganxilva afxazeTis magaliTze

dReisaTvis afxazeTis teritoriaze qristianuli xuroTmoZRvrebis daaxloebiT 80 nagebo-

baa aRricxuli1. isini saqarTvelosTan kulturul-istoriuli erTobis simboloebs warmoadge-

nen. gudauTis raionSi religiuri turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis, aq arsebuli mravalricxovani

Zeglebis arsebobis gaTvaliswinebiT, didi SesaZleblobebi arsebobs. turistebisaTvis upirve-

lesad didi interesis gamomxatveli aucileblad iqneba (da yovelTvis iyo), soxumidan 22 km-

Si mdebare unikaluri kurorti axali aToni.

axal aTonSi koncentrirebulia didi raodenobis RirsSesaniSnaobebi istoriuli da wmin-

da adgilebi. wm. panteleimonis taZari. taZari 1875 wels iveriis mTaze, saberZneTidan aTonis

wminda mTaze mdebare, iverTa monastridan wamosulma rusma berebma daarses. samonastro moRva-

weoba gansakuTrebiT gaaqtiurda 1879 wlis 8 dekembers imperator aleqsandre meoris mier

~axal-aTonis monastris wesdebis~ damtkicebis Semdeg. samonastro kompleqsis centrSi aRmar-

Tuli wm. panteleimonis taZari, axalbizantiur stilSi agebuli xuTgumbaTovani taZaria, cen-

traluri gumbaTis simaRle 40 metria. taZris sigrZe 53,3 metria, sigane 33,7. taZarSi er-

Tdroulad SeiZleba dahyos 3000 adamianma. samonastro kompleqsi afxazeTis erT-erT mTavar

RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens, Tumca religiuri cxovrebis kuTxiT taZris garSemo arcTu sa-

siamovno viTarebaa Seqmnili, mRvdelmsaxurTa Soris adgili aqvs dapirispirebas.2

axali aTonis monastrebs Soris aucileblad unda aRiniSnos X saukuneSi simon kananelis

dakrZalvis adgilas agebuli didebuli taZari, aseve salocavi-mRvime mdinare fsircxasTan mde-

bare qvabulSi, sadac gadmocemiT simon kananeli dasaxlda da daiwyo qristes sityvis qadageba.

sofel lixnSi mdebareobs, X saukuneSi nagebi RvTismSoblis miZinebis taZari. igi jvar-gumba-

Tovani, samafsidiani nagebobaa. Senoba gamoirCeva formebis simkacriT da amavdros proporciebis

sisufTaviTa da harmoniiT, rac xuroTmoZRvarTa did ostatobaze metyvelebs.

lixnis taZris kedlebze gamosaxulia wmindanTa mravalricxovani freskuli gamosaxulebe-

bi, romelTa did nawils axlavs gamosaxulebis ganmartebiTi warwerebi. daaxloebiT 17-mde

warwera Sesrulebulia asomTavruli anbaniT.

gudauTis raionSi mdebare sxva qristianuli kulturis Zeglebidan, romlebic aucileb-

lad unda iqnes turistul marSrutTa siaSi Seyvanili, unda aRiniSnos sofel anuxvis XI sa-

ukunis eklesia, romlis warwerebic Sesrulebulia qarTuli asomTavruli anbaniT. aseve, so-

1 axalaZe l., Tanamedrove afxazeTis materialuri kulturis Zeglebi. expertclub.ge 2 moskovis sasuliero akademiis profesoris diakvan andrei kuraevis TqmiT, dRes aTonis monasterSi arc morCilni

arian da arc berebi. aris raRac gaurkveveli ucolo mamakacebis saerTo sacxovrebeli. radgan aris turistuli

kompleqsi, ar arsebobs saerTo wesebi, arc yoveldRiuri msaxureba. ar aris morCilebac. iq saerTod monastris

nasaxic ar aris.

46

fel promorskoesTan axlos, mdinare wkuaras xeobaSi mdebare VIII-IX saukunis taZari. am ta-

ZarSi aRmoCenili iyo dasavleT saqarTveloSi yvelaze uZvelesi asomTavruli warwerebis nimu-

Sebi. dReisaTvis am unikaluri taZaris naSTebic ki miuxedavia; amave epoqis xuroTmoZRvrebis

nimuSia miuseras taZari; calke aRniSvnis Rirsia sofel bzifSi mdebare IX-X saukunis kom-

pleqsi, romelSic Sedis cixe da taZari, igi galavniTaa SemozRuduli. miuxedavad imisa rom

taZars gumbaTi aRar SemorCa mnaxvelebze mainc dauviwyar STabeWdilebas qmnis.

gulrifSis raionis sofel drandaSi mdebareobs RvTismSoblis taZari, romlis formebi

bizantiuri arqiteqturuli stiliTaa Seqmnili. taZari 1737 wels Turqebma gadawves. RvTismsa-

xureba TiTqmis saukunenaxevris Semdeg _ 1871 wels iqna aRdgenili.

soxumis raionis turistuli marSrutebi gverds ver auvlis aq mdebare Zvel religiur

centrebsa da brwyinvale arqiteqtoruli stiliT nageb qristianuli kulturis Zeglebs.

komanis monasteri. komani afxazeTis erT-erTi ulamazesi sofelia. igi soxumidan 12 ki-

lometrSi mdebareobs. aq aRmarTulia XI-XII saukuneebis cnobili monasteri. aq awames wminda

mowame vasilisko. aq miabara suli ufals gadasaxlebaSi myofma konstantinepolis didma

mRvdelmTavarma wminda ioane oqropirma. taZarSi inaxeba qvis sarkofagi romelSic igi pirvelad

iyo damarxuli, 30 wlis Semdeg igi gadasvenebul iqna konstantinepolSi. aq miuval mTebSi me-

samed gadamales patiosani Tavi ioane naTlismcemlisa. komani wminda adgilia. yovelTvis didi

iyo momlocvelTa nakadi.

oCamCiris raionSi, garda didebuli moqvis taZrisa, aRsaniSnavia iloris eklesia. oCamCiridan

samiode kilometrSi mdebareobs sofeli ilori, sadac aRmarTulia iloris wminda giorgis ekle-

sia, romelic iyo dasavleT saqarTvelos erT-erTi mniSvnelovani saeklesio centri. masSi aras-

dros wydeboda momlocvelTa nakadebi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan. dResdReobiT XI saukune-

Si agebuli taZari ~rekonstruqtuirebulia~ _ igi TeTradaa SeRebili rogorc Signidan ise gare-

dan, dakarguli aqvs pirvandeli saxe. qarTuli lapidaruli warwerebi aRar ikiTxeba.

istoriuli wyaroebis Tanaxmad bediis samonastro kompleqsi, daarsebulia X saukunis bo-

los gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos pirveli mefis bagrat III bagrationis mier. bagrat III misive an-

derZiT bediis monasterSia dakrZaluli. taZarze da saeklesio nivTebze SemorCenilia qarTul as-

omTavrulze Sesrulebuli warwerebi. daviT aRmaSenebelma saqarTvelos da qarTuli eklesiis er-

Tianobis simbolod bediis arqiepiskopos svimeons mianiWa bediel-alaverdelis wodeba. imedia, sa-

qarTvelos marTlmadidebluri eklesia, bediis monasters kvlav aqcevs qarTvelTa da afxazTa

erTianobis simbolod.

galis raioni. istoriuli samurzayano, romelic istoriis manZilze xSirad warmoadgenda

odiSi-sadadianos Semadgenel nawils, sakmaod mdidaria qristianuli kulturis ZeglebiT, rom-

lebic SeiZleba Setanil iqnas turistul marSrutTa siaSi.

sofeli gudava da gudavis eklesia. sofeli gudava uZvelesi droidanve warmoadgenda

mniSvnelovan saeklesio centrs. mkvlevarTa varaudiT, berZnul da bizantiur wyaroebSi moxse-

niebuli cixesimagre ziganisi dRevandeli gudava unda iyos. VI-X saukuneebSi lazikis oTxi sa-

episkoposo kaTedridan erT-erTi swored gudavaSi iyo. afxazTa da qarTvelTa mefem bagrat III

(X-s). gaauqma gudavis saepiskoposo, rogorc berZnuli saeklesio politikis sayrdeni saqar-

TveloSi da bediis saepiskoposo daarsa.

dReisaTvis gudavis teritoriaze mxolod baptisteriumia arqeologiurad dadasturebu-

li, romlis midamoebSic gamovlenilia mdidari arqeologiuri masala. arqeologiuri monaceme-

bis mixedviT baptisteriumi SesaZloa IV-V saukuneebiT daTariRdes.

warCes eklesia. galidan 17 km manZilze, mdinareebis oqumisa da warCes xeobebSi mdebare-

obs sofeli warCe. igi jer kidev flavius arianes yavs moxseniebuli rogorc qalaqi ~tarSen~.

mxareTmcodne n.Sonias gadmocemiT warCeSi 23 istoriuli Zeglia, maT Soris XIII-XIV saukunis

47

xuroTmoZRvruli kompleqsi `mafaS oxuame~ _ mefis eklesia. kompleqsSi Sedis ori eklesia,

galavani da karibWis naSTi. warCes eklesiebi XVII saukuneSi ganuaxlebia samegrelos mTavars

levan II dadians.

religiuri turistebisaTvis egzotikuri TvalsazrisiT SeiZleba mimzidveli iyos afxaz-

Ta warmarTuli salocavebis daTvaliereba da `wminda adgilebSi~ tradiciuli ritualebisaT-

vis Tvalyuris midevneba.

afxazeTis specifikidan gamomdinare, aq SeiZleba farTo gavrceleba hpovos eTnikurma tu-

rizmma. eTnikuri turizmi miznad isaxavs dabadebis adgilis, ojaxis Zveli an winaparTa sacxov-

rebeli adgilis monaxulebas. turizmis es saxeoba nostalgiuris saxels atarebs (nostalgie to-ur). am saxeobis turizms prioritetuli mniSvneloba aqvT im qveynebisTvis, romlebsac sxva

qveynebSi didi diasporebi hyavT. XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi afxazTa tragediis `muhajiro-

bis~ Semdeg, afxazebs sakmaod didi diaspora gauCndaT TurqeTsa da zogierT sxva axlo aRmo-

savleTis qveyanaSi.

aseve, saWiroa da migvaCnia, rom afxazeTis xelisuflebam civiluri ieris, gaxsnilobis

da gadawyvetilebebSi damoukideblobis warmosaCenad, upirvelesad qarTvel ltolvilebs, maT

saboloo dabrunebamde, saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan TanamSromlobiTa da uSualo monawileob-

iT, saeklesio dResaswaulebisas, winaparTa saflavebis da dabadebis adgilebis monaxulebis sa-

Sualeba oficialurad unda misces.

afxazeTSi ar aris msoflio mniSvnelobis religiuri centrebi, Sesabamisad uSualod mom-

locvelTa nakadi mravalricxovani ver iqneba, Tumca, religiur turizms saeqskursio-Semecnebi-

Ti kuTxiT, adgilobrivi mravalricxovani taZrebisa da salocavebis gaTvaliswinebiT, garkveul

pirobebSi sakmao potenciali gaaCnia.

Tuki potencialsa da perspeqtivebze visaubrebT, afxazeTSi religiur turizms gasaqani,

SeiZleba mxolod danarCen saqarTvelosTan sazRvrebis gaxsnis Semdeg mieces, radgan warmoud-

genelic kia, odesme am mimarTulebiT, qarTvelTa interesi saerTo istoriis ZeglTa mimarT,

sxva qveynebis mosaxleobis interesma gadawonos.

roca turizmis ganviTarebis pirobebze vmsjelobT, erT-erTi aucilebeli piroba politi-

kuri stabilurobaa. gandgomili regionebis da ruseTTan (turistebis mozidvis mxriv yvelaze

didi potencialis mqone qveyana) daZabuli urTierTobebis fonze, urTulesia saqarTvelos,

qveynis gareT stabiluri qveynis imiji Seeqmnas, qveynis SigniT ki ekonomikur stabilurobas mi-

vaRwioT. amitomac CavTvaleT, rom religiuri turizmi saqarTvelosTvis didad meti Sinaarsis

Semcvelia, vidre amas specialuri literaturidan ganmartebebi gveubneba.


1. baraTaSvili e., TakalnZe l., grZeliSvili n. biznesis administrireba da konkurentunarianoba. Tb.,

2010;

2. baraTaSvili e,. grZeliSvili n,. galaxvariZe n,. nadareiSvili n. regionuli ekonomika. Tb. 2010;

3. birJakovi m. turizmis Teoria (qarTuli Targmani m. metrevelisa). gam. Sps ,,fotoni”, Tb., 2004;

4. bubulaSvili e. saqarTvelos eklesiis siwmindeebi. gam. “axali ivroni”. Tb., 2007;

5. grZeliSvili n. afxazeTi _ qristianoba da ekonomika. Tb., 2011; 6. devaZe a., grZeliSvili n. turizmi saqarTveloSi _ arsebuli mdgomareoba, problemebi, perspeqtivebi.

Tb., 2012;

7. metreveli m. turizmisa da stumarmaspinZlobis safuZvlebi. Tb., 2008;

8. soxaZe a., lomTaZe m. turizmis ekonomika, quTaisi, 2010; 9. www.ambioni.ge 10. http://www.madli.org 11. http://orthodoxy.wanex.net 12. http://www.orthodox.ge 13. http://www.kvirike.ge

48

Nodar Grdzelishvili

Religious Tourism - as factor for Georgia's integration into the World and Regional Economy

Resume

This work notes that in modern conditions, tourism has become the world's most powerful economic development tool, which is a major influence on the political, economic, social and cultural ties.

It is said that the current religious tourism, in a tourist activities, is one of the most actively developing directions. Religious tourism has a strong interest in social and political stability, that makes it an important factor. The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) estimates, that tourism is the most promising directions, but in the first place, religious (General) tourism occupies. Experts assess religious tourism as the most promising direction for 21st century.

This work discusses the development of religious tourism in Georgia. The different types of religious tourism, which can be between Georgia and Russia, and between Georgian and Abkhazian people and become the basis for cooperation.

Tourism development requires investment, investment real key is, one of the region's political climate characteristics, in particular, a healthy macroeconomic policies, well-defined property rights and the efficient functioning of the financial and banking sectors. Regional integration can contribute to an increase in the volume of investments, if it substantially enhances policy credibility and expand markets, but this process should facilitate adequate general policy.

This work notes that the development of tourism in Georgia – is one of an essential factors for regional stability. And that is why, Religious Tourism substitute for much more content than the interpretation of the literature tells us.

49

ekaterine gulua

adamianis potencialis marTvis safuZvlebi bibliaSi

sazogadoebis ganviTarebis istoriam adamianis rolis, mniSvnelobis aRqmis TvalsazrisiT

mravalgvari Tvisebrivi cvlileba ganicada. aTeulobiT an xSirad aseulobiT wlebic ki iyo

saWiro Secvliliyo adamianisadmi damokidebuleba. istoria icnobs adamianisadmi mravali

saxeobis midgomas: adamiani rogorc gayidvis obieqti _ saqoneli, adamiani rogorc saSualeba,

adamiani, rogorc iaraRi, adamiani, rogorc manqana, adamiani, rogorc resursi, adamiani rogorc

kapitali, adamiani rogorc marTvis obieqti, adamiani, rogorc mmarTveli subieqti.

sociumSi damkvidrebuli midgomebi gansazRvravs adamianis faseulobas sazogadoebriv

cxovrebaSi, aseve Tavad sazogadoebis ganviTarebis dones. erTi SexedviTac Cans, rom

adamianisadmi damokidebuleba icvleba humanurobisken, zemoqmedebis formebi ki – fizikuridan –

moralurisken, pirdapiridan - iribisken.

Tanamedrove sazogadoebrivi urTierTobis formebis sirTule adasturebs, rom adamiani

yvelaze faseuli da Znelad samarTavi kapitalia (adamianuri kapitalis Teoria). vinaidan,

adamianebis unarebi, misi SesaZleblobebi Seucnobelia, asparezi unda mieces adamianTa im

kategorias, romelTac SeuZliaT biZgi miscen sxva adamianebis ganviTarebas. am midgomas

asabuTeben liderobis TeoriebiT. yvelaze gansakuTrebuli adgili romelic adamianma adamians

uboZa es aris adamiani – lideri – sxva adamianebis warmmarTveli. paralelurad viTardeba

codnis menejmentis, adamianis ganviTarebis menejmentis, talant–menejmentis Teoriebi da bolo

dros asparezze Semodis adamianis potencialis marTvis Teoriebi. arsebuli Teoriebidan

yvelaze humanuri dReisaTvis aris adamianuri potencialis marTvis Teoria, romelic

gulisxmobs, rom adaminisadmi damokidebulebis SerCevisas swor orientirs mogvcems gaviTvali-

swinoT misi arsebuli da samomavlo SesaZleblobebi. msgavsi Teoriebis moralur–eTikur misi-

ad dadgenilia, rom xeli unda Seuwyon adamianis mier sakuTari da sxvaTa arsebuli da poten-

ciuri unarebis ganviTarebas.

adamianuri potencialis marTvis Teoriebi jer kidev ganviTarebis sawyis stadiazea.

Seswavlis obieqtis – adamianis potencialis – Sefasebis sirTule, ra Tqma unda, kvlevis da

misi Sedegebis Sefasebis da daskvnebis gazomvis SesaZleblobebs zRudavs. aq orientiri aRebu-

lia adamianuri potencialis gamovlenisTvis saWiro garemos formirebaze da mis marTvaze. ga-

cilebiT rTulia adamianis potencialis gazomva, rac ekonomikuri da biznesis (da ara marto)

mecnierebis farglebs miRmaa.

qristianuli qveynebis sazogadoebriv mecnierebebSi aqtualuria bibliuri midgomebis

Seswavla mecnierul problemasTan, kvlevis obieqtTan, hipoTezasTan, kvlevis saSualebebTan, an

daskvnebTan dakavSirebiT.

kvlevis obieqti naSromSi asaxulia ori mimarTulebiT: bibliuri damokidebuleba adamia-

nis potencialisadmi da adamianis damokidebuleba bibliisadmi.

Tu ra adgili aqvs adamians bibliuri TvalTaxedviT samyaroSi, absoluturi WeSmaritebaa,

rom amaze pasuxi bibliaSia. adamiani bibliurad RvTis xatebisaebr Seiqmna „da Tqva RmerTman:

vqmneT kaci xatebisaebr Cvenisa da msgavsebisaebr. da mTavrobdes TevzTa zRvisasa da mfrinvel-

Ta cisaTa da pirutyuTa da mxecTa yovlisa queyanisa yovelTa quewarmavalTa mavalTa queyanasa

zeda. da Seqmna RmerTman kaci saxed Tvisad da xatad RmrTisa Seqmna igi, mamakacad da deda-

kacad qmna igini“ (dabadeba 1:26,27).

ra potenciali aqvs adamians? Zveli aRTqmidan gavixsenoT Tavisufali adamianebis arCevani

jer kidev samoTxeSi, an samoTxidan gandevnis Semdeg, an kaenis da abelis mdgomareoba. jer ki-

50

dev kaenis mier abelis mokvdinebisas gadawyda, rom adamianisTvis, mis gadasarCenad, sikeTisken

mosaqcevad ufali gankacdeboda, maTTvis sisxls gaiRebda: „ ...da damTxevelisa sisxlsa kacisasa

nacvlad sisxlisa misisa daiTxios, rameTu xatad RmrTisa Sevqmen kaci” (dabadeba 9:6). RmerTma

adamians samflobelod qveyana misca: „ ...xolo Tquen aRorZndiT da ganmravldiT da ganavseT

queyana da eufleniT mas“ (dabadeba 9:7).

adamians mieca yovelgvari unari: „yovelive Zal-mic ganmaZlierebelisa Cemisa qristes

mier“ (filipelTa 4:13); “yovelives SeZlebis” piroba uflis rwmena da masTan miaxlebis

survilia siyvarulSi, locvaSi da sxva saTnoebebSi gamoxatuli: ,, ...ukueTu gaqundes sarwmu-

noebai, viTarca marcvali mdogvisai, hrquaT mTasa amas: miicuale amier iqi, da miicvalos, da

ararai SeuZlebel iyos Tquen mier” (maTe 17:20); msgavsi: ,, ...rquaT Tu mTasa amas: aRifxuer

amier da STavardi zRuasa! iyos egre. da yovelsa raodensa iTxovdeT locvasa Sina sarwmun-

oebiT, geyos Tquen” (maTe 21:21,22); ,,amen, amen getyvi Tquen: romelsa hrwmenes Cemi, saqmesa,

romelsa me viqm, manca qmnes da ufroisiRa amisa qmnes...” (iovane 14:12).

qristianuli mrwamsisTvis mniSvnelovania, erTsulovneba, sarwmunoebis „erTobiT

aRiareba“, rac iZleva saswaulebriv Zalas, TviT RmerTTan myofobis unars: ,, ...ukueTu orni

Tquenganni SeiTqunen queyanasa zeda yovlisaTvisve saqmisa, romelica iTxoon, eyos maT mamisa

Cemisa zecaTaisa. rameTu sadaca iyvnen orni gina samni Sekrebul saxelisa CemisaTvis, mun var

me Soris maTsa” (maTe 18: 19,20).

namdvili rwmeniT miiRweva ara mxolod sulieri saunje, aramed materialuric: ,,nu

hzrunavT sulisa TquenisaTvis rai sWamoT da rai suaT; nuca xorcTa TquenTaTvis, rai

SeimosoT...” (maTe 6:25); „garna eZiebdiT sasufevelsa RmrTisasa da ese yoveli SegeZinos Tquen”

(luka 12:31); „iTxovdiT, da mogeces Tquen; eZiebdiT da hpovoT; irekdiT, da gangeRos Tquen.

rameTu yoveli romeli iTxovdes, moiRos; da romeli eZiebdes, povos; da romeli irekdes,

ganeRos. anu vin ars Tquengani kaci, romelsa sTxovdes Ze Tvisi pursa, nu qvaU miscesa mas?

gina Tu Tevzsa sTxovdes, nu gueli misces mas? ukueTu Tquen, ukeTurTa, iciT misacemeli

keTili micemad SvilTa TquenTa, raoden ufroisRa mamaman Tquenman zecaTaman mosces keTili,

romelni sTxovden mas!“ (maTe 7:7-11).

bibliurad uflisgan adamians miecema niWebi: ,,xolo TviToeulsa Cuensa mocemul ars

gamocxadebai igi sulisai umjobesisaTvis. romelsame sulisa misgan micemul ars sityuai

sibrZnisai, xolo sxuasa sityuai mecnierebisai miTve suliTa. da sxuasa sarwmunoeba misve

sulisagan, romelsame madli kurnebaTai misganve sulisa, romelisame Sewevnani ZalTani,

romelsame winaiswarmetyuelebai, romelsame gankiTxvai sulTai, da sxuasa Teslad-Tesladi

enaTai, da sxuasa Targmanebai enaTai“ (1 korinTelTa 12:7-10). Tumca es damokidebulia madlze.

niWi mxolod madliT eZleva adamians: „xolo guaqus Cuen niWebi madlisa misebr mocemulisa

Cuenda TviTo saxed, gina Tu winaswarmetyvelebai sazomisaebr sarwmunoebisa“ (romaelTa 12:6).

adamianis mier niWis ganviTarebiT ki axali SesaZleblobebi ixsneba: „xolo hbaZevdiT madlTa

amaT ufroisTa, da merme aRmatebuli gzad giCueno Tquen” (1 korinTelTa 12:31).

adamians amave dros aqvs yoveli madlis miRebis potenciali: „raiTa Tquen araraiT

naklulevan iyvneT arca erTiTa madliTa da moelodiT gamoCinebasa mas uflisa Cuenisa iesu

qristessa~ (1 korinTelTa 1:7), „raiTa RmerTman, da mamaman uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristeman,

RmerTman didebisaman, mogces Tquen suli sibrZnisai da gamocxadebisai mecnierebiTa misiTa. da

gananaTlnes Tualni gulisa Tquenisani, raiTa icodiT Tquen, rai-igi ars sasoebaU Cinebisa

misisai, da rai-igi ars simdidre didebisa mkvidrobisa misisai wmidaTa Soris“ (efeselTa 1:17-18).

marTlmadidebluri swavleba gulisxmobs eklesiuri cxovrebis aucileblobas, mis gareSe

WeSmariti sarwmunoeba ar arsebobs da arc uflis madlis miRebis SesaZlebloba: „da yovelive

daamorCila queSe ferxTa misTa da igi mosca mTavrobad zeSTa yovelTa eklesiasa, romeli-igi

51

ars guami misi, aRsavsebai igi, romelman yovelive yovelsa Sina aRavso“ (efeselTa 1:22-23). es

aris saxarebiseuli pasuxi im adamianebisaTvis, romlebic fiqroben madlis miRebas, uflisgan,

eklesiis wiaRs miRma.

madlmosili adamianebis Secnoba, madlis gamovlinebiT Seicnoba: “romeli eridebodis

sityuasa ficxelsa warmoRebad, igi gonier ars da sulgrZel kaci brZen~ (igavni 17:27); “keTilman

kacman keTilisagan saunjisa gulisa Tvisisa gamoiRis keTili, da borotman kacman borotisagan

saunjisa gulisa Tvisisa gamoiRis boroti; rameTu nametnavisagan gulisa ityvin pirni misi” (luka

6:450.

visac mdidrad aqvs miecema da miemateba, xolo mcires mqones isic waerTmeva rac aqvs. es

saocari WeSmaritebaa da amave dros samarTaliani, radgan madlzea Tqmuli. vinc madlis

mopovebisTvis iRwvis, yoveli madli RvTis mier naboZvari gaumravldeba, xolo vinc

arasakmarisisad zrunavs mis SenarCunebaze isic waerTmeva rac aqvs: ,,rameTu yovelsa romelsa

aqundes, mieces da miematos; da romelsa ara aqundes da romel-Ra igi aqundes mo-ve-eRos misgan”

(maTe 25:29; luka 19:26).

adamianuri potencialis gansazRvra, misi SesaZleblobebis dadgena rTulia, aq Secdomebisgan

dazRveuli aravinaa: ,,lodi, romel Seuracxyves maSenebelTa ese iqmna TavkideTa” (maTe 21:42) –

esaa potencialis Sefasebis mniSvnelovani Teza bibliaSi. amave dros miuTiTebs, rom yoveli

adamiani gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis Rirsia, radgan SesaZlebelia swored is gaxdes sayrdeni.

swor arCevans, uflis siyvaruls, eklesiis wiaRSi myofobas moaqvs RvTiuri sisavse

adamianisTvis da RvTis wyaloba. „amis jerisaTvis movidrek muxlTa CemTa mamisa mimarT,

romlisagan yovelni naTesavni caTa Sina da queyanasa zeda saxel-debul arian, raiTa mogces

Tquen simdidrisaebr didebisa misisa, ZaliTa ganmtkicebad sulisa mier misisa Sinagansa kacsa

damkvidrebad qriste sarwmunoebiTa gulTa Sina TquenTa, siyuaruliTa damtkicebulni da

dafuZnebulni, raiTa SeuZloT warwevnad yovelTa Tana wmidaTa, rai-igi ars sivrce da sigrZe,

simaRle da siRrme, cnobad gardareuli igi mecnierebisa siyuaruli qristesi, raiTa aRivsneT

Tquen yovliTa savsebiTa RmrTisaiTa. xolo romeli-igi SemZlebel ars ufrois yovlisa yofad

umetes, romelsa-igi viTxovT gina Tu vscnobT Zalisa misebr Sewevnisa Cuen Soris, misa didebai

eklesiasa Sina qriste iesuis mier yovelTa naTesavTa mimarT saukuneTa ukunisamde~. amin.

(efeselTa 3:14-21).

uflis siyvaruli, sarwmunoeba gamoixateba moyvasis siyvarulSi, TavmdablobaSi: ,, ...vis

undes Tquengansa pirvel yofai, iyos igi yovelTa mrwem da yovelTa msaxur” (markozi 9:35);

,,xolo udidesi Tqueni iyavn Tquenda msaxur. xolo romelman aRimaRlos Tavi Tvisi, damdabldes;

da romelman daimdablos Tavi Tvisi amaRldes” (maTe 23:11-12). naTelia WeSmariteba, Tumca am

gzaze svla ar aris martivi: “SevediT iwroisagan bWisa, rameTu vrcel ars bWe da farTo ars

gzai, romelsa mihyavs warsawymedelad, da mravalni vlenan mas zeda“ (maTe 7:13).

bibliam adamians aRmatebuli adgili ganusazRvra. qristianuli rwmeniT adamians SeuZlia

ganRmrToba _ “iyveniT Tqven srul, viTarca mamai Tqueni zecaTai srul ars” (maTe 5:48). rac Seexeba imas, Tu rogori SeiZleba iyos adamianis damokidebuleba bibliisadmi, esec

adamianis bunebiT ganisazRvreba da amaze pasuxic arsebobs bibliaSi, radgan biblia adamianuri

cxovrebis yvela aspeqtis momcvelia, masSi adamianuri cxovrebis da urTierTobebis yvela

saxeobaa asaxuli.

adamianis azrovnebis warmmarTveli SesaZlebelia iyos racionaluri, logikuri azrovneba

da/an iracionaluri, emociuri azrovneba. pirovnebis damokidebuleba materialuri da aramateria-

luri samyarosadmi misi azrovnebis tipiTaa ganpirobebuli. mecnierulad dasabuTebulia, rom

arsebobs movlenisadmi damokidebulebis ori ZiriTadi saxesxvaoba: racionaluri, romelic

efuZneba upiratesad tvinis marcxena naxevarsferos datvirTvas da emociuri, SemoqmdebiTi –

52

tvinis marjvena naxevarsferos aqtivobidan gamomdinare. racionalurad moazrovneebs uWirT

dainaxon is, rasac ver xedaven da ver exebian, maSin roca, emociuri, SemoqmedebiTi warmosaxvis

adamianebisTvis es naklebad problematuria. ra Tqma unda, azrovnebis es ori forma ar gulis-

xmobs avtomaturad mis siswores an simcdares.

Sesabamisad, adamianebis damokidebuleba bibliisadmi orgvaria: pirveli, rwmeniseuli

damokidebuleba _ biblia aris absoluturi WeSmariteba, romelic dasabuTebas ar saWiroebs (es

midgoma upiratesia marTlmadideblobaSi); meore, gansjiTi damokidebuleba _ biblias ganixilavs,

rogorc gansjas daqvemdebarebuls, azrovnebis nimuSs, filosofiur Txzulebas, romelic rig

(iracionalur) SemTxvevaSi unda dasabuTdes (kaTolikuri eklesia miiCnevs, rom biblia

WeSmaritebaa, Tumca, misi dasabuTebis aucileblobas ar krZalavs). es ori TvalTaxedva bib-

liisadmi principulad gansxvavebulia da gamomdinareobs adamianis azrovnebis tipologiidan.

marTlmadidebloba morwmunes avaldebulebs biblia aRiaros uzenaes kanonad, absolutur

WeSmaritebad, RvTis sityvad: “wmida weriliT RmerTi gvesaubreba” (netari avgustine); “cani da

queyanai warxden, xolo sityuani Cemni arasada warxden“ (markozi 13:31) „uadviles ars cisa da

queyanisa warslvai vidreRa sjulisa erTi rqaU davrdomad“ (luka 16:17); „amen getyvi Tquen:

vidremde warxdes cai da queyanai, iotai erTi gina rqai erTi ara warxdes sjulisagan da wina-

swarmetyuelTa, vidremdis yovelive iqmnes. ukueTu vinme dahxsnes erTi mcnebaTa amaTgani umci-

resTai da aswavos esreT kacTa, umcires ewodos mas sasufevelsa caTasa; xolo romelman yos da

aswavos, amas did erquas sasufevelsa caTasa“ (maTe 5:18-19). uklebliv yvela dogmisadmi

morCileba valdebulebaa adamianisa, romelic Tavs marTlmadideblad miiCnevs. rwmeniseuli

damokidebuleba saxarebisadmi ar aris Tavsebadi kritikasTan. aq mxolod RvTis nebis Zieba da

aRsrulebaa.

roca adamians aqvs bibliisadmi damokidebuleba, rogorc filosofiuri Txzulebisadmi, ra

Tqma unda, is ar SeizRudavs Tavs misi kritikuli analizisgan, Sesabamisad „mciredmorwmune“ bib-

lias ganixilavs, rogorc adamianis mier daweril filosofiur Txzulebas, romlis gaTvaliswi-

neba, rig SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia.

adamianis am ori saxeobis damokidebuleba rwmenisadmi, ra Tqma unda, asaxulia bibliaSi.

qristianobis istoria mravlad icnobs gmirebs, romlebic sxvadasxva gziT mividnen aRmsareblo-

bamde. cnobilia adamianebi, romlebic bavSvobidan, an Tundac dabadebidan gamoirCeodnen rwmeniT

da aseve isinic, romlebic mecnierebam, WeSmaritebis Ziebam miiyvana aRmsareblobamde, RvTis aRi-

arebamde.

wminda Toma mociqulis azrovnebis sqema racionaluria. man ver daijera mkvdreTiT aRdgoma

uflisa. marTalia, is momswre iyo wminda lazares mkvdreTiT aRdgomis, magram lazare aRdga

materialur samyaroSi. qristes aRdgoma ki aris aRmatebuli saocreba, risi dajerebac Zneli

aRmoCnda misTvis, miuxedavad imisa, rom qristes mravali mowafe uyveboda mas qristes aRdgomis

da gamocxadebebis Sesaxeb _ “ukueTu ara vixilo xelTa misTa saxe igi samsWualTai da davsxne

TiTni Cemni adgilsa mas samsWualTasa da davsdva xeli Cemi guerdsa missa, arasada mrwmenes~

(ioane 20:25). man mxolod xilvis Semdeg SeZlo dajereba da es gamoxata sityvebiT: “ufali Cemi

da RmerTi Cemi!“ (ioane 20:28). saintresoa Tavad uflis damokidebuleba am movlenisadmi –

„moyven TiTni Senni da ixilen xelni Cemni da moiRe xeli Seni da damdev guerdsa Cemsa da nu

iyofi urwmuno, aramed grwmenin~ (ioane 20:27) _ da Sedegis Sefaseba: „rameTu mixile da grwams;

netar arian, romelTa ara uxilav da vhrwmene” (ioane 20:29).

aq udavod Cans upiratesoba im rwmenisa, romelic arsebobs TavisTavad, ganusjelad,

magram amave dros gulwrfelad _ „imiTaa qristianoba Zvirfasi da saTayvano, rom igi marto

gonebiT araa Sesasrulebeli... igi cxovrebis, moqmedebis moZRvrebaa da aucileblad mis yalibze

unda Camoesxas Cveni cxovreba _ episkoposi leonide (oqropiriZe).

53

Ekaterine Gulua

Biblical Basics of Human Potential Management

Resume

Human potential management is the modern trend in human management theories. It is important to define attitudes of bible to this issue. It is recognized, that the attitude to human role and its importance is changing historically, with the development of society. Human was perceived as merchandise, tool, means, machine, resource, capital, manageable object and the best place, which is determined for the human is the role of manager, leader and governor. These attitudes have been changed from inhumanity to humanity, from physical influence to moral influence, from direct to indirect and these determine the level and values of the society.

The research object is discussed in two directions in this thesis: biblical attitudes to human potential and human attitudes to the bible.

According to the Bible human has the best place – the human can become as the God: “Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect”. /Matthew 5:48/. As for the human attitudes to the bible, it depends on the type of human thought, can be rational and/or creative, emotional.

54

nazira kakulia

gadasaxadebisadmi damokidebuleba qristianul religiaSi

`arsebobs wigni, romlis yoveli sityva gamarjvebulia, axsnilia,

naqadagebia mTel msoflioSi; Sedarebulia, Sejerebulia cxovrebis yovelgvar

SesaZlebel SemTxvevasTan da msoflio movlenebTan; romlis nebismieri fraza ician yvelgan. es

wigni saxarebaa... misi maradiuli xibli imdenad didia,

rom Tu yoveldRiurobiT gadaRlilni, mowyinebiT Sepyrobilni SemTxveviT

gadavSliT, Tavs ver davaRwevT mis tkbil gavlenas~.

aleqsandr puSkini

qristianobis arsis ganmartebisas bevri ambobs, rom is filosofiaa an iseTive religia,

rogorsac antikurobidan vicnobT. cxadia, qristianobas filosofias ver vuwodebT misi

dRevandeli gagebiT. filosofia azrTa sistemaa, rasac xSirad sicocxlesTan kavSiri ara aqvs.

ZiriTadi gansxvaveba qristianobasa da filosofias Soris is aris, rom filosofia adamianuri

azrovnebaa, qristianoba ki – RmerTis gacxadeba: is adamianis aRmoCena ki ar aris, aramed Tavad

RmerTis povnaa adamianSi. qristianobis WeSmaritebis Secnoba adamianuri logikiT SeuZlebelia.

iq, sadac dauZlurda adamianuri sityva, movida RmerTkacebrivi sityva, ufro sworad

RmerTkaci qriste, sityva RmrTisa. RmerTis amgvari aRmoCena Tanamedrove epoqis filosofiuri

terminologiiT ganmtkicda, magram miuxedavad amisa, SevniSnavT, rom qristianoba filosofia ar

aris. RmerTkacebrivi sityvis mxolod Sesamoselia filosofiidan amoRebuli.

wm. ioane oqropiri isaias (isaia 3.1-2) winaswarmetyvelebis ganmartebaSi wers, rom

moazrovned (gamgebad) iTvleba is adamiani, vinc momavals Wvrets Tavisi maRali gonierebiT da

gamocdilebiT. Tumca erTia moazrovneoba, meore ki _ winaswarmetyveleba: es ukanaskneli suli

wmindis madliT laparakobs da Tavis mxridan arafers amatebs, pirveli ki safuZvlad ukve

momxdar movlenas iRebs da sakuTari gonierebiT SeuZlia momavali ganWvritos, rogorc amas

WeSmaritad gonieri adamiani akeTebs. am or movlenas Soris didi gansxvavebaa, iseve rogorc

gansxvavebulia adamianuri goneba da RvTiuri madli.

qristianoba yvela Teoriasa da ganmartebaze maRla dgas, amitomac ver Caiketeba termin

`religiaSi~, sxva sarwmunoebaTa msgavsad. RmerTi `miuwvdomeli Sen~ ar aris, is cocxali

arsebaa da organulad urTierTobs adamianTan. garda amisa, qristianobas problemebi momavalSi

ar gadaaqvs, arc zeciur sasufevelSi gansvenebas elodeba. qristianobaSi momavali awmyoSia da

RmerTis meufeba amqveyniur cxovrebaSi wydeba. uflis meufeba, wminda mamaTa naazreviT,

sampirovani RmerTis madlia, uqmneli sinaTlis Teoriaa. Cven, marTlmadideblebi, istoriisa da

Jamis aRsasruls ar velodebiT, aramed qristesmieri sicocxliT miviswrafviT dasasrulisken,

ase ganvicdiT imas, rac unda moxdes uflis meored mosvlis Semdeg, svimon axali

RmrTismetyveli ambobs, rom igi, vinc ixila uqmneli naTeli da SeuerTda RmerTs, ki ar

elodeba uflis meored mosvlas, aramed amqveyniur cxovrebaSive ganicdis masTan siaxloves, ase

rom, qristianul swavlebaSi drois sworxazovani aRqma ar xdeba, dro wriulia an jvris

formis. e.i. maradiulobaSi varsebobT, amitom warsuli, awmyo da momavali uryev mTlianobad

erTiandeba. marTlmadideblobas `saeros~ ver vuwodebT sworedac, radgan mis wiaRSi problemebi

momavalSi ar gadaideba. marTlmadidebloba sicocxlis momniWebelia, adamianis biologiur

arsebobas saxes ucvlis, ganwmends da cvlis sazogadoebebs. iq, sadac marTlmadideblobas swo-

rad emsaxurebian, gaiazreben da suliwmindis madliT emsaxurebian, sufevs RmerTisa da

adamianis, zecierTa da miwierTa, cocxalTa da SesvenebulTa Soris kavSiri, am kavSiriT da

urTierTobiT wydeba swored Cvens cxovrebaSi gaCenili yvela problema.

55

axal istoriaSi, gansakuTrebiT e.w. ganmanaTleblobis epoqidan moyolebuli, mecnierul-

teqnikuri miRwevebi da filosofiuri azri ganixileboda da dRemde ganixileba ara marto

rogorc aucilebeli, aramed rogorc erTaderTi saSualeba, romelsac SeuZlia uCvenos adamians

misi cxovrebis namdvili azri da Sinaarsi. amisagan gansxvavebiT, religia, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi

ganixileba, rogorc martooden lamazi tradicia, romelic nawilobriv uwyobs xels

sazogadoebis raRac nawilSi garkveuli moraluri atmosferos SenarCunebas. magram rogorc

msoflmxedveloba, is aRiqmeba antimecnierulad, cxovrebiseuli problemebisagan mowyvetilad,

romelsac adamiani gadahyavs uazro ocnebebis iluzorul samyaroSi. religiisadmi aseT

damokidebulebas da mis dapirispirebas mecnierebisa da filosofiisadmi Tan sdevs Sors

mimavali fsiqologiuri, zneobrivi da praqtikuli Sedegebi, romlebic ukiduresad negatiur

gavlenas axdenen adamianze. sanam aseTi damokidebuleba ar Seicvleba, zedmetia laparaki

rogorc sulierad erTian, mdgrad sazogadoebaze, aseve WeSmaritad humanur miRwevebsa da

mTlian msoflmxedvelobaze, romelic damajereblad gascems pasuxs adamianuri cnobierebis

metad saWirboroto kiTxvas: „risTvis vcxovrob da risTvis viRvwi?“

mecnierebas ar ZaluZs daasabuTos saboloo mizani, Tundac imitom, rom sikeTis problema

msoflmxedvelobrivi problemaa. mecnieruli codna ki (Tundac mTlianad aRebuli) ar

warmoadgens msoflmxedvelobas, radgan is Seiswavlis mxolod bunebriv movlenebs da

samyaroseul kanonzomierebebs da ara yofierebas mTlianobaSi. mecnierebas ar ainteresebs

msoflmxedvelobrivi sakiTxebi, rac religiisa da filosofiis sferoa (amitom yovelTvis

moipovebdnen sxvadasxva msoflmxedvelobis mqone mecnierni, romelTagan erTni iyvnen RvTis

morwmuneni, meoreni - aTeistni, mesameni - agnostikosni). es imaze metyvelebs, rom TviT

termini „mecnieruli msoflmxedveloba“ friad pirobiTia, yovel SemTxvevaSi cxadia, rom

mecniereba da e.w. „mecnieruli msoflmxedveloba“ sulac ar arian igiveobrivi cnebebi.

religia, kerZod, qristianuli (vgulisxmobT marTlmadideblobas) principulad

gansxvavdeba rogorc mecnierebisagan, aseve filosofiisagan, radgan misi Semecnebis obieqti

materialuri samyaro ki araa, aramed sulieri, xolo Semecnebis meTodi sulieria da ara

racionaluri. qristianuli religia sikeTis cnebaze msjelobisas apelirebs uSualod

gamocxadebaze (misi sandoobis sakiTxi calke ganxilvis Temaa), RvTis Semecnebis saeklesio-

istoriul gamocdilebaze. es gamocdileba efuZneba ara adamianis xuT grZnobaze damyarebul

SegrZnebebs (Tundac mZlavri xelsawyoebis meSveobiT aRqmuls) da adamianur logikas

(„racios“), aramed adamianTa Sinagan religiur gancdebs, RvTis WeSmariteba qristianobaSi

mowmdeba eklesiis koleqtiuri gamocdilebiT, romelic, Tavis mxriv, emyareba wmida werilSi

gamocxadebul WeSmaritebebs.

qristianoba akmayofilebs adamianis umTavres moTxovnilebas - iZleva konkretul da

amomwurav pasuxs adamianis cxovrebis arsisa da miznis Sesaxeb. esaa pirovnebis maradiuli

myofoba RmerTTan. amasTan erTad, miTiTebuli miznis miRweva ar ugulebelyofs adamianis

aranair realur moTxovnilebas da am cxovrebis WeSmarit Rirebulebebs. amas kargad warmoaCens

blez paskalis cnobili mosazreba: RmerTi Tundac ar arsebobdes, adamiani qristianuli

cxovrebiT arafers agebs dedamiwaze, xolo Tu RmerTi arsebobs, maSin igi ganuzomlad did

sazRaurs miiRebs RvTisagan. Sesabamisad, arasaxarebiseuli cxovrebiT adamiani arafers igebs

amqveynad, magram Tu RmerTi arsebobs, is kargavs yvela im maradiul sikeTes, romelsac

miiRebda sazRaurad RvTivsaTno cxovrebis SemTxvevaSi.

wminda formaluri midgomiT, qristianoba akmayofilebs yvela im ZiriTad moTxovnas,

romlebic waeyeneba nebismier mecnierul Teorias. is, pirvel rigSi, gvTavazobs faqtebs, rom-

lebic amtkicebs mis WeSmaritebas, xolo Semdeg - gviCvenebs realur gzas Tavis mtkicebule-

baTa Sesamowmeblad. amiT is principulad da arsebiTad gansxvavdeba yvela aTeisturi

56

msoflmxedvelobisa da azrovnebis sistemisagan, romlebic adamianisagan moiTxovs rwmenas da

mxolod rwmenas imisas, rom ar arsebobs RmerTi da suli, rameTu ar gaaCniaT da arc SeiZleba

gaaCndeT saTanado faqtebi, romliTac SeZlebdnen RvTis ararsebobis dasabuTebas. miT ufro,

maT ar SeuZliaT pasuxi gascen kiTxvaze: „ra unda gaakeTos adamianma, rom darwmundes RvTis

ararsebobaSi?“

maqs planki werda, rom saiTac ar unda gavixedoT, ra sagansac ar unda davakvirdeT,

versad vipoviT winaaRmdegobas mecnierebasa da religias Soris. piriqiT, Cven aSkarad

davinaxavT maT Soris srul harmonias – religiac da mecnierebac eZebs WeSmaritebas da midis

RvTis aRiarebamde. aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ekonomikuri kategoriebis srulyo-

filad gaazreba SeuZlebelia religiuri kuTxiT maTi Semecnebis gareSe.

gadasaxadebis efeqtianobasa da samarTlianobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi dRemde

mecnier-ekonomistTa davis sagania da SeiZleba iTqvas, rom gadauWrel problemaTa rigs

ganekuTvneba. vfiqrobT, am sakiTxis arsis srulad warmoCinebis mizniT umniSvnelovanesia is

ganmartebebi, romlebic mocemulia saxarebaSi, kerZod, is epizodi, rodesac macxovari Tavad

ganmartavs xarkis gadaxdis aucileblobas.

`aw marqu Cuen: ra gnebavs Sen? jer arsa micema xarkisa keisrisa, Tu ara?~. gvekuTvnis

Cven, RvTis xalxs gadasaxadis gadaxda? vixdiT ra am gadasaxads, xom ar viqceviT Cven, RvTis

xalxi, warmarTebad, xom ar SeuracxvyofT amiT sakuTar sindiss? `Sexede, - SeniSnavs wm.

oqropiri, - rogor mzakvrulad moqmedeben isini. ar amboben, gviTxari Cven, romeli umjobesia,

ra ufro ukeTesia, romelia axlos sjulTan, aramed - „ra gnebavs Sen“, anu Sen rogor

migaCnia? - mxolod amis gagoneba swaddaT maT, raTa maSinve emxilebinaT da gadaecaT umaRlesi

xelisuflebisTvis, rogorc mowinaaRmdege dasasjelad. amas aRniSnavs maxarebeli markozic

(12,14), romelic ufro cxadad gamoaCens imaT utifrobasa da mzakvrul ganzraxvas, rom

surdaT daRupva, isini ase ekiTxebian macxovars: mivceT Tu ara gadasaxadi keisars? ai, ase

gaafTrebulebi itanjebodnen misi daRupvis surviliT, Tumca garegnulad ise aCvenebdnen Tavs,

TiTqos surdaT misi gulis mogeba“. magram is, visi gamoWerac surdaT, xedavs ara marto

kiTxvas, aramed maT gulebsac da ganzraxvasac. igi xedavs, rom „maTi boroteba ukve momwifda

da cxadad gamoCnda“. amitomac „rac SeiZleba Rrmad kveTs maT Wrilobas, xsnis maT farul

zraxvebs, yvelas winaSe aCens, rogori ganzraxviT mividnen isini masTan, da amgvarad maTSi

Tavidanve Seaqvs dabneuloba. gulis-xma-hyo ieso ukeTurebai maTi da hrqua, - sayveduriT: rasa

gamomcdiT me, orgulno! mxolod erTi mrisxane sityviT: „orgulno“ ufali maSinve acxadebs

maT zraxvebs, amxels borotebas da aiZulebs dadumebas. Semdeg, rom aiZulos isini Tavad, raTa

ganaCeni gamoutanon TavianT Tavs da aRiaron, rom unda gadauxadon xarki keisars, igi ambobs:

miCueneT drahkani igi xarkisa.

farisevlebi Znelad Tu atarebdnen Tan maTTvis saZulvel romaul fuls, irodianelebs

ki, ra Tqma unda, eqnebodaT igi. da kidec rom hqonebodaT xelze, sakmarisi iyo stoadan odnav

gamosvla da iq advilad SeiZleboda misi miReba. xolo maT moarTues mas drahkani, romlis erT

mxaresac gamosaxuli iyo keisari tiberiusi, meore mxares ki - misi tituli. ufalma aiRo

moneta, daxeda gamosaxulebasa da warweras da daubruna ra ukan hrqua mas ieso: visi ars xati

anu zeda werili? mosaubreebma ar icodnen kiTxva saiTken mimarTavda saubars, amitom hrques

mas: keisrisa. maSin ufalma gaxsna maTi mzakvruli kiTxva, sruliad martivad: hrqua maT ieso:

mieciT keisrisa keisarsa, da RmrTisa RmerTsa. maT ikiTxes: dasaSvebia Tu ara xarkis micema? -

man Seuswora maT da uTxra: mieciT, mieciT ukan. xarkis gadaxda ar niSnavs sakuTari nebay-

oflobiT uboZo sxvas, aramed saWiros gacemaa; es aris kanonieri movaleoba, aucilebloba;

Tqvenive rabinebi aki aswavlian: „visicaa fuli, samefoc misia“... „xolo raTa maT ar eTqvaT:

Sen Cven gvayeneb xalxis morCilebaSi, amitom dasZens: „da RmrTisa RmerTsa“. radgan xalxisT-

57

visac ukeTesia aucilebelis micema, aseve RvTisaTvisac, - rac masTan damokidebulebisas

gvevaleba. amitomac ambobs pavle mociquli: `mihscemdiT ukve yovelTa Tananadebsa: saxarkosa -

xarki, sazueresa - zueri, saSinelsa - SiSi, pativsa - pativi“ (rom. 13,7).

keisrisaTvis gankuTvnili ar ewinaaRmdegeba RvTis kuTvnils; keisari iTxovs Tavisas,

roca iTxovs xarks da ar krZalavs RvTisas, ar eRobeba RvTis mcnebaTa Sesrulebas. „mokled, -

SeniSnavs wm. oqropiri, - roca Sen gesmis: „mieciT keisrisa keisarsa“, amaSi igulisxme mxolod

is, rac odnavadac ar vnebs RvTismosaobas, radgan yvelaferi RvTismosaobis sawinaaRmdego ar

aris ukve xarki keisrisa, aramed xarki eSmakisa“.

miuxedavad imisa, rom kacobriobam renesansidan dawyebuli Tanamedrove globalizaciiT

damTavrebuli, ganviTarebis yvela etapi gaiara, Semosavlebis dafarvisa da gadasaxadebis

argadaxdis problemebi mainc gadauWrelia. saxelmwifos mier fiskaluri politikis warmatebiT

ganxorcielebis safuZveli gadasaxadebis akrebis efeqtiani sistemaa, romelic, Tavis mxriv,

unda emyarebodes saxarebiseul swavlebas. vfiqrobT, aRniSnuli problemis gadaWra

macxovriseuli sibrZnis _ `keisars keisrisa~, saTanadod gacnobierebaSi mdgomareobs.


1. marTlmadidebluri fsiqoTerapia, mitropoliti ieroTeos vlaxosi, saeklesio biblioTeka,

t. IX, gamomcemloba `axali iverioni~. Tb., 2008;

2. WeliZe e. marTlmadidebeli eklesia da erovnuloba, Jurn. `guli gonieri~, #1 (4), 2012;

3. axali aRTqma da fsalmunebi. bibliis Targmnis instituti, stokholmi. 1992;

4. Марчукова С. М. Наука и религия в культуре Ренессанса, М., 2012; 5. Чичерин Б. Н. Наука и религия, Москва, 2012.

Nazira Kakulia

Relation to taxes in Christian religion

Resume

In this article to analyzed problem connected the taxation of the Evangelical point of view. Efficiency and justice of the taxation till today remains a controversial question in among economists of

scientists. We think that this question very brightly is shown in an episode where Jesus defines need of the taxation. In our opinion for carrying out in the state of successful fiscal policy, system the taxation the doctrine has to lean on evangelical - to render render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar's.

58

paata koRuaSvili Nniko CixlaZe

agroproduqcia, rogorc ZRveni, sazrdeli da gadasaxadi wminda werilSi

agraruli seqtoris efeqtiani funqcionireba yovelTvis iyo kacobriobis fizikuri da

materialuri arsebobis safuZveli. amis dasturia wminda werilSi aRwerili saqmianobebi da

profesiebi: miwaTmoqmedi, `miwis muSaki~ (kaeni, elise), mecxvare, mejoge (abeli, iabali, iakobi,

labani, iosebi, iuda, beniameni, svimeoni, amosi, mose), monadire (esavi), mevenaxe (noe), mebaduri

(iakobi, ioane, andria, simon-petre da sxva mociqulni).

ekonomikis nebismier seqtorSi warmoeba SeuZlebelia miwis da bunebrivi resursebis (xe-

tye, wyali, haeri, saxnav-saTesi savargulebi, madnebi, wiaRiseuli, da sxv.) gareSe: `uflisaÁ

ars queyanaÁ da savsebaÁ misi, sofeli da yovelni damkvidrebulni mas Sina. rameTu man Tavadman

zRuaTa zeda daafuZna igi da mdinareTa zeda ganhmzada igi~ (fsalm. 23:1-2).

ekonomikis umTavresi problema resursebis SezRudulobaa. Tavdapirvelad, resursebis

SezRudulobis problema uflis mcnebis darRvevas ukavSirdeba: adams da evas araferi aklda,

sanam RvTis mcneba ar daarRvies, ris Sedegadac rogorc TviTon, ise maTi Stamomavalnic

xrwnilebasa da sikvdils daeqvemdebarnen, resursebi ki iqca SezRudulad (iSviaTad). sarCo-

sabadeblis gardauvalad ofliTa da SromiT mopovebis sakiTxi warmoCenilia Zveli aRTqmis

dasawyisSive: „ofliTa pirisa SenisaTa sWamde pursa Sensa vidre miqcevadmde Senda miwad,

romlisagan moRebul iqmen, rameTu miwaÁ xar da miwad-ca miiqce“ (dab. 3:19).

amdenad, Sromis da samewarmeo saqmianobis ufleba, aucilebloba da Tundac stimuli,

fizikurad gadarCeniliyo, dafiqrebuliyo, dacemuli wamomdgariyo, adamianma RmerTis dawyevlis

Semdeg moipova. resursebis SezRuduloba safuZvelia survilebisa da vnebebisadmi

winaaRdgomisa. warRvnis Semdeg ufalma minimumamde SezRuda resursi, Tumca axal Taobas kvlav

misca RvTisken moqcevis Sansi.1

qristianuli da ZvelaRTqmiseuli warmodgenebiT, RmerTisa da adamianebis urTierTdamoki-

debuleba sxvadasxva ZRvenisa da wyalobis erTgvari `gacvlaa~. mTavari saCuqari, romelic

RmerTisagan adamians eboZa, aris sicocxle da TviT RmerTs mimsgavsebuli SesaZleblobebi da

talantebi (anu, `Seqmna Tavis msgavsad da xatad~), buneba da bunebrivi resursebi, aseve, rac

mTavaria, sulieri niWi. qristianebi udides wyalobad miviCnevT uflis gankacebas, mis amqveyni-

ur cxovrebas, wamebas da jvarcmas adamianTa gamoxsnisaTvis. amis sapasuxod, adamiani cdilobs

uflis mcnebaTa Sesrulebas, meti drois da sakuTari Sromis nayofis nawilis miZRvnas

uflisaTvis.

ZRveni uflisadmi unda iyos gansakuTrebuli siyvarulis, Sinagani mdgomareobis, momavlis

rwmenis da sixarulis gamoxatuleba. dabadebis meoTxe Tavi mogviTxrobs pirveli adamianis

dabadebisa da pirveli msxverplSewirvis Sesaxeb. abeli – mwyemsia, xolo kaeni miwaTmoqmedi.

maTi ZRvenic uflisadmi swored agrarul seqtorSi warmoebuli produqciaa – saukeTeso

cxvari – abelisagan, romelic, wrfeli guliT miZRvnili, ufalma Seiwira da miwis nayofi kae-

nisagan, romelic ufalma ar Seiwira (`SeiWuvin piri Seni, arca marTliad Semowire~).

aRniSnuli epizodis Sesaxeb wm. ioane oqropiri yuradRebas amaxvilebs im sakiTxze, rom

cxvari moxseniebulia, rogorc ZRveni, xolo miwis nayofni, rogorc msxverpli: `amiT wminda

werili gvaswavlis, rom ufali eZebs ara pirutyvTa da miwis nayofTa, aramed mxolod sulier

1 CixlaZe n., marTlmadideblobis ekonomikuri paralelebi. quTaisis universiteti, 2013. gv. 45.

59

mdgomareobas. amitom erTi maTgani ZRvenis saxiTaa miRebuli, xolo meore uaryofilia

msxverpliT~.1

dabadebaSi moxseniebulia marTali noes mier specialuri adgilis – sakurTxevlis

mowyoba uflisaTvis msxverplis Sesawirad: `da aRuSena noe sakurTxeveli RmerTsa da moiRo

yovelTagan sacxovarTa wmidaTa da yovelTagan mfrinvelTa wmidaTa da Sewirna igini yovlad

nayofebad sakurTxevelsa zeda~ (dab. 8:20). warRvnis Semdeg, kidobnidan gamosulma noem

saukeTeso cxovelTa SewirviT, madliereba gamoxata uflisadmi kacobriobis gadarCenisa da

Zveli codvebis mitevebisaTvis. sakurTxeveli augo ufals abraammac (dab. 12:7-8).

vazi ebraeli xalxis simboluri gamoxatulebaa: `rameTu venaxi uflisa cabaoTisi israilisa

ars da kaci iudasai – axalnergi Seyvarebuli” (es. 5:7). wminda produqtebia puri, Rvino da zeTi: `da miugo ufalman da hrqua ersa Tvissa: aha, me gamovavlen Tquenda ifqlsa, da Rvinosa da

zeTsa da gansZReT maTgan da ara migcne Tquen arRara merme sayuedrerlad warmarTTa Soris” (iov. 2:19). bibliis metaforuli azrovnebiT, yoveli mSvenieri da amaRlebuli gaigivebulia

RvinosTan, xolo yoveli damdablebuli da codvili _ ZmarTan. Zvel israelSi Rvinos metaforulad ,,yurZnis sisxls~ uwodebdnen.

zogadad, Zveli aRqmis kanonis mixedviT, nebismierma adamianma yovelwliurad Tavisi

wliuri Semosavlis meaTedi RmerTs unda Seswiros. amis moqmedni kurTxeul arian RvTisagan da

ufali yvelaferSi umarTavs xels. Zvelebraul saxelmwifoSi meaTedis institutis dafuZneba

da saerTod, saeklesio gadasaxadis SemoReba regularul RvTismsaxurebas daukavSirda.

pirvelad meaTedi moixsenieba dabadebaSi. rodesac abraamma gamoixsna sodomis tyveebi da

davla moipova, gzaze mas gamoegeba mefe melqisedeki, romelmac puri da Rvino miageba da

akurTxa: `kurTxeul ars abraam RmrTisa mier maRlisa, romelman Seqmna ca da queyana, da

kurTxeul ars RmerTi maRali, romelman mogcna mterni Senni queSe xelTa SenTa~. Tavis mxriv,

abraamma mas davlis meaTedi nawili miarTva: `da misca mas abraam aTeuli yovelTagan~ (dab.

14:20). amiT abraamma saTave daudo saeklesio gadasaxads, romelic mogvianebiT mosem daakanona.

SeiZleba gaviziaroT azri imis Sesaxeb, rom melqisedekisadmi gadaxdili meaTedi iyo

winamorbedi saxelmwifo gadasaxadisa, ramdenadac misi mimRebi iyo ara mxolod sasuliero

piri, aramed mefec.2

iakobi morCilad uZRvnis RmerTs misgan boZebulis meaTeds: `da lodi ese, romel aRvdgi

Zeglad, iyos saxlad RmrTisa Cemisa, da yovlisagani, raodeni-raÁmomces me, aTeuli mivsce mas~

(dab. 28:22).

mose sakuTar xalxs amcnobs RmerTis moTxovnebs, romelTagan ZiriTadia RmerTisaTvis

Tavis droze Sesawiravis Sewirva: `yovelive aTeuli Teslisagan queyanisa nayofiTgan xisaT

wmida iyos uflisa RmrTisa... yovelive aTeuli zroxaTa da cxovarTaÁ da yovelive, raodeni

ganvides ricxusa mas kuerTxsa queSe, aTeuli igi iyos wmidaÁ uflisa~ (lev. 27:30,32).

`etyoda mose yovelsa mas krebulsa ZeTa israelisaTa da Tqua: ese sityua ars, romeli

gibrZana ufalman da Tqua: moiReT Tquen Tavisa Tquenisa Sesawiravad uflisa. yovelman,

romelman daijeros guliTa, moiRos nayofad pirvelad uflisa oqro, vecxli da rvali~

(gamosl. 35:4-5). roca sakmarisze metma ZRvenma moiyara Tavi, RvTis gangebiT, mosem Sewyvita

ZRvenis Sekreba.3

1 Иоанн Златоуст. Беседы на книгу бытия http://www.magister.msk.ru/library/babilon/greek/zlatoust/zlato073.htm. 2 Лукин С., Дар, пожертвование, налог: христианское нормативное учение и исторические формы. Журн. «Христианское

чтение». Санкт-Петербургская православная духовная академия. 2011, #4. ст. 6-7. 3 CixlaZe n., gadasaxadebisa da dabegvris marTlmadidebluri sawyisebi. J. `biznesi da kanonmdebloba~, Tb., #12, 2009.

http://b-k.ge/templates/Jordan/pdf/biznesi%20noemb-2009.pdf

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mogvianebiT, solomonma mSvenieri taZris agebis Semdeg, msxverpli Seswira ufals (uflis

mier msxverplis miReba da aRiareba uzenaesis mier, zecidan wamosuli cecxliT msxverplis da-

wviT dasturdeboda, rac udidesi wyaloba iyo): Sewiruli xarebis ricxovnobam 22000, xolo

cxvrebisam 120000 Seadgina.

bunebrivia, RmerTs ZRveni da simdidre, miT umetes aseTi odenobiT, ar esaWiroeboda,

magram es qmedeba xels uwyobda sazogadoebis rwmenis ganmtkicebas, uflis Zlierebis

Semecnebas, madlierebas uflisadmi, RvTismoSiSebas da religiur aRzrdasac. zogierT

SemTxvevaSi `sagadasaxado wesrigTan~ dakavSirebul aseT qmedebas moixsenieben rogorc

sagadamxdelo kulturis formirebas.

niSandoblivia, rom gadasaxadiT ibegreba soflis meurneobis produqcia (pirutyvi,

marcvleuli, xili, Rvino, zeTi) da ara sxva saxeobis saqmianoba (mag., mSeneblebis, mxatvrebis,

mWedlebis, TerZebis saqmianoba). naturiT gadaxdili meaTedis gamosyidvisaTvis, anu misi fula-

di ekvivalentiT SecvlisaTvis, damatebiT saWiro iyo mexuTedis (20%) gadaxda (gamosyidva),

rac bunebrivia gadamxdelisaTvis gamosyidvis antistimuls warmoSobda: ùkueTu xsniT ixsnes

kacman aTeuli Tvisi, mexuTe igi SesZinos mas zeda, da iyos igi misa~ (lev. 27:31).

vfiqrobT, erTi mxriv, Cadebuli iyo teritoriuli daSorebis problemis gadawyveta, xo-

lo meore mxriv, Sromis nayofis, gamomuSavebuli realuri produqtis nawilis miZRvna RmerTi-

saTvis da ara fulis gadacema (materialuri dovlaTis, realuri erovnuli produqtis matebis,

ekonomikuri zrdis waxaliseba). rogorc irkveva, am mimarTebiT efeqtianad iqna gamoyenebuli

gadasaxadebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi funqcia – mastimulirebeli funqcia.

Svidwliani ciklSi meaTedi bolo ori weli miemarTeboda levitelTaTvis, qvriv-

oblebisavis, mwirTa da upovarTaTvis. amdenad, meaTedSi erTgvari miznobriobis elementebic

iyo Cadebuli socialuri uzrunvelyofis aspeqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT: 5 weli uflisaTvis,

xolo 2 weli socialurad daucveli kategoriisaTvis.

sazogadod, gadasaxadebi, romelsac uflis kurTxeuli mefeebi aweseben, uflis

CagonebiTaa. amitom, maTi Secvla, gadamxdelze tvirTis gasazrdelad, TiTqmis arasdros aris

mTavari miznis – Semosavlebis gazrdis momtani. Mmetic, mas saxelmwifoTa ngreva-danawevrebac

SeiZleba mohyves. amis naTeli magaliTia israelis samefos orad gayofis sababi – solomonis

mier dawesebuli gadasaxadebis Secvla. amiT israelianebi faqtobrivad ufals SeewinaaRmdegnen

da daisajnen kidec. solomonis memkvidrem – roboamma, romelic ar iyo RvTis WeSmariti

madidebeli, yurad ar iRo uxucesTa rCeva da gazarda sagadasaxado tvirTi, ramac ebraelTa

aTi tomi mis morCilebas CamoaSora da calke samefo Camoayalibes. meore mxriv, iyo periodebi

roca meaTedis gadaxda Sesustda (es ki rwmenis Sesustebas moaswavebda), rac aRniSnulia kidec

Zveli aRTqmis wignebSi (ix. ezek., neem., malaq.).

axali aRTqmis epoqaSi meaTedma transformacia ganicada. roca mTidan Camosulma ufalma

gankurna keTrovani, daavala mas: èCvene mRvdels da Seswire ZRveni, rac brZana mosem maTda

dasamowmeblad~ (maT. 8:4). es davaleba rwmenis ganmtkicebas da sjulis piruTvnel dacvas

emsaxureboda.

wminda mociquli pavle ar gansazRvravs konkretul Tanxas an Semosavlis nawils,

romelic qristianebs eklesiis saWiroebebisaTvis unda gadaexadaT, magram Semdeg debulebas

gvTavazobs: `yovel orSabaTs TiToeulma Tqvenganma gadados TavisTan an gadainaxos

warmatebisamebr, raTa Cemi mosvlisas ar iwyebodes Segroveba” (I kor. 16:2). sasurveli iyo

korinTelebs winaswar ganesazRvraT, Tu ramdenis Sewirva SeeZloT da amisaTvis regularulad

daezogaT garkveuli Tanxa: àmitom saWirod miviCnie meTxova ZmebisaTvis, rom winaswar

mosuliyvnen TqvenTan da gaemzadebinaT Tqveni, ukve aRTqmuli ZRveni, raTa mzad iyos rogorc

ZRveni da ara rogorc angareba” (II kor. 9:5).

61

sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobis dacva da kanonmorCilebis mowodeba mociqulTa erT-erTi

mTavari principia. pavle mociquli romaelTa mimarT gagzavnil epistoleSi aRniSnavs: `mieciT

yvelas rac ekuTvnis: visac xarki – xarki, visac baJi – baJi, visac SiSi – SiSi, visac pativi, -

pativi~ (rom. 13:7). mociqulebma SesaniSnavad icodnen, rom amgvari elementaruli wesrigis

gareSe sazogadoeba ver iarsebebda.

sagulisxmoa erTi sakiTxic: axali aRTqmiseuli midgoma uflisaTvis, eklesiisaTvis

gankuTvnili msxverplisaTvis, misi odenobisaTvis aris mkacrad nebayoflobiTi! nebismierma

qristianma TviTon unda gansazRvros, ramdeni gadaixados: rwmenis, simdidris, sindisisa da

Semosavlebis mixedviT: `TiToeulma rogorc guliT airCia, arc SewuxebiT, arc ZaldatanebiT.

vinaidan sixaruliT gamcemi uyvars RmerTs~ (II kor. 9:7). sagulisxmoa, rom mociquli am

Semosavlebis mobilizebas Tanasworobis umTavres princips ukavSirebs: `radgan ara imisTvis,

rom sxvebs Sveba hqondeT da Tqven gaWirveba, aramed TanasworobisaTvis~ (II kor. 8:13). Rirs

vifiqroT, rom amgvari Tanasworoba gulisxmobs finansuri resursebis samarTlian ganawilebasa

da gadanawilebas, saarsebo minimumis uzrunvelyofis mcdelobas upovarTaTvis da sxva socia-

luri garantiebis damkvidrebas.

SedarebiT ufro gviandel werilSi wm. pavle kidev ufro liberaluri xdeba `sauflo

gadasaxadis~ mimarT da pirveli rigis amocanad axloblebze zrunvas miiCnevs: ~xolo vinc ar

zrunavs Tavis axloblebze, ufro metad ki Tavis saxleulebze, igi ganudga rwmenas da

urwmunoze uaresia” (I tim. 5:8). amdenad wm. pavle ar iyo momxre eklesiis gaweuli Senatanebis

stimulirebisa im masStabebiT, romelic am princips daarRvevda. bibliaSi arsad Cans sxva

mociqulebis mier meaTedis akrebis mcdeloba TavianTi moRvaweobis an RvTismsaxurebis

safasurad: `uTxra petrem: `vercxli da oqro ara maqvs, xolo rac maqvs, imas gaZlev: ieso

qriste nazarevelis saxeliT iare!~ (saq. 3:6). Tumca pavle mociquli kmayofilia, rom `miiRo

keTilsurneleba, saamebeli msxverpli, RvTisaTvis mosawoni~ (fil. 4:18), magram misTvis

amosavali principia dRedaRam Sromis miuxedavad zedmet tvirTad aravis daawves da `ise vqada-

gebdeT Tqvens Soris saxarebas~ (Tes. 2:9).

identuri azria gatarebuli maTes saxarebaSic: imdenad meorexarisxovania ZRvenis Sewirva

moyvasis siyvarulTan, aRmsareblobasTan, mitevebasTan mimarTebiT, rom TviT ufali gvmoZRvravs:

`Tu miitan Sens ZRvens samsxverploze da iq gagaxsendeba, rom Sens Zmas raime aqvs Sens

winaaRmdeg, miatove iq Seni ZRveni samsxverplosTan da wadi Sens Zmas Seurigdi; Semdeg modi

da Seswire Seni ZRveni~ (maT. 5:23-24). erTi mxriv, zvarakis Sewirva, gamomxatvelia uflis

morCilebisa da simdablisa. Tumca, sisxliani msxverplSewirva ki ar aris RvTivsaTno saqme,

aramed locva, ziareba, ufalTan Tanamyofoba. amas TviT daviT mefsalmune gvauwyebs: `msxverpli

RvTisa ars suli Semusvrili, guli Semusvrili da damdablebuli~ (fsal. 50).

wminda werilis es adgilebi kidev ufro gvarwmuneben, rom uflis mimdevarTaTvis

misaRebia Cuqeba, gadacema, adamianis gulisxmierebidan gamomdinare, eklesiisaTvis materialuri

faseulobis Sewirva da ara meaTedis akreba. amas adasturebs Tundac qvrivis mier

mokrZalebuli Tanxis, ori leptis1 (kondrati) Cadeba saganZurSi, romelmac `yvela Camgdebze

meti Cado, yvelaferi, rac ki ram gaaCnda mTeli Tavisi sarCo sabadebeli~ (mar. 12:43-44).

amdenad, axaliaRTqmiseuli eklesiisaTvis meaTedma dakarga aucileblobis da

sayovelTaobis forma. meaTedis gafetiSebam mwignobrebi da farisevlebi iqamde miiyvana, rom maT

meorexarisxovnad CaTvales yovelive, rac mTavaria rjulSi – moyvasi, sarwmunoeba da wyaloba.

mociqulTa periodSi eklesiisadmi Sewirva nebayoflobiT xasiaTs atarebs, romlis zomas,

formas, moculobas da periodulobas TviT morwmune gansazRvravs. Sedegad, yalibdeba sami

1 spilenZis sacvleli moneta, Zalze wvrili fuli (spilenZis 1 draqma=96 lepta).

62

ZiriTadi principi: Sewirva nebayoflobiT, Sewirva SesaZleblobebis mixedviT da gadanawileba

saWiroebaTa Sesabamisad.

bibliis sibrZne gvaswavlis, rom kvebis wesi da xasiaTi ganapirobebs adamianis ara mxolod janmrTelobas, aramed mis sulier mdgomareobasac. kvebasTan dakavSirebuli aRkveTebi da SezRudvebi yofiTi tradiciebisa da religiuri msoflmxedvelobis udidesi movlenaa.

Cven pursa da RvinosTan erTad vWamT da vsvamT ,,RvTis sityvas~, veziarebiT qristes xorcsa da sisxls. am sakvebSia sicocxle. marTalia, qristianobam cecxls misca vazisa da Rvinis warmarTul RvTaebaTa kultebi, magram ,,sicocxlis xed~ gacnobierebuli vazi qristes simbolod aqcia. qriste ambobs: `me var venaxi WeSmariti, da mama Cemi moqmedi ars...…me var venaxi da Tquen rtoni. romeli

daadgres Cem Tana, da me mis Tana, aman moiRos nayofi mravali, rameTu Tvinier Cemsa ararai

Zal-gic yofad arca erTi~ (ioan. 15:1,5). qarTveli kaci Rvinis dayenebas didi pasuxismgeblobiT ekideboda. zedaSea mevenaxis sindisi,

RviniT inaTleboda misi STamomavloba. Taobidan Taobas gadaecemoda Rvinis dayenebis qarTuli wesebi. pur-Rvinos nakvalevs Tu gavyvebiT, saqarTvelos aRmovaCenT. pur-Rvinis qveyanam siRrmiseulad gaigo puriTa da RviniT qristianuli ziarebis saidumlo. meRvineobisa da qarTul sufrisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba qristianoba ar waurTmevia. qriste ar gmobda miwier cxovrebas, akurTxebda mas. ieso monawileoda saqorwino nadimebSi.1

marxva qristianisaTvis aris monawileoba TviT qristes marxvaSi, riTac ufalma gaaTavisufla adamiani sakvebze, materiasa da samyaroze sruli damokidebulebisagan. marxvis saidumlos mixedviT, sakvebis, riTac Cven vsazrdoobT da sicocxles, romelsac es sakvebi gvinarCunebs, iZleva mxolod RmerTi. marxva ar aris mxolod sakvebis akrZalva, mas Tan unda axldes sakuTari Tavis RvTiur realobaSi gacnobierebisa da ganmtkicebis cda, anu sulieri Zalisxmeva.

saqarTvelos mTieli mosaxleoba marxvaSi Wamda nivris xinkals, moxarSul lobios, Tevzs, velurad mzard fxaleuls da mwvanils. svaneTSi, suliwmindis mofenis Semdeg, orSabaTidan SabaTamde, ikrZaleboda rZe da rZis produqtebi. ianvarSi, axali mTvaris Semdeg, iwyeboda akrZalva xorcze, Tebervlidan-yvelze. xorci ikrZaleboda xorcis SabaTidan aRdgomamde. xorcis SabaTidan erTi kvira daSvebuli iyo erbo. mTiuleTSi, didmarxvis periodSi, yovel SabaT saRamomde yvelanair saWmels krZalavdnen, aseve iqceodnen gudamayarSi, qiziysa da svaneTSi samSabaTsa da paraskevs. qristianoba iqca qarTuli zne-xasiaTis sayrden RerZad, romlis irgvliv brunavs Cveni erovnuli cnobiereba. qristianobas sasikeTod Seerwya uZvelesi qarTuli tradiciebi da warmarTul CveulebaTa is faseulobebi, romlebic erovnul interesebs gamoxatavda. es gansakuTrebiT naTlad Cans yvelaze konservatiuli tradiciis _ kvebis gakeTilSobilebaSi. pur-RviniT gamaspinZlebis uZvelesi wesi qarTul xasiaTSi Sesisxlxorcebulia, qarTveli daulocavad Rvinos ar Sesvams. qarTuli sufra – moyvasisadmi siyvaruli, pur-Rvinisa da WeSmaritebis Tanamoziaroba, gacema da gamaspinZleba, Wirisa da lxinis Tanamoziaroba _ qarTuli xasiaTis gamovlenis uZvelesi qristesmieri wesia da ase iqneba yovelTvis.

1 koRuaSvili p., qriste venaxia. V samecniero konferenciis “qristianoba da ekonomika” SromaTa krebuli. Tsu,

2010 wlis 25 ianvari. „universali”, Tb., 2010. gv. 82.

63

Paata Koguashvili Niko Chikhladze

Agricultural Products as Gifts, Food and Taxes in Holly Letter

Resume

Efficient functioning of the agricultural sector has always been the foundation of mankind's physical and

material existence. It is proved even by the activities and professions which are described in the Holy Scripture. Any sector of the economy is impossible without the land and natural resources. The right of labor and entrepre-neurship, even the necessity and the stimulus for it, the right to physical survival, contemplation – man has gained after God cursing.

According to The Christian and the Old Testament idea, a relation between God and human is exchange of a variety of gifts and blessings. The main gift that God gave to the people, is the life and God like abilities and talents, nature and natural resources, also, the most importantly, spiritual talents. We, Christians consider as the greatest favor of Lord God’s embody, His life, God’s torture and crucifixion for the salvation of human beings. In response, people are trying to fulfill God's commandments, to dedicate more time and Fetal of their labor to the Lord. God's gift should be an expression of special love, internal condition, faith of future and joy.

During the period of Apostles donating to the church has a voluntary character. The size, shape, volume and frequency are defined by believers. As a result, comprises three main principles: a voluntary donating, donat-ing by capabilities and distribution in accordance with the needs.

64

manana lobJaniZe

religia da axalgazrdoba: komunikaciis axali formebis ZiebaSi

religia, rogorc socialuri fenomeni, TavisTavad obieqtur faqtors warmoadgens, rome-

lic iseve rogorc sxva socialuri instituciebi, sazogadoebis erT-erT socialur jgufze _

axalgazrdobaze garkveul zemoqmedebas axdens. religia sazogadoebisaTviTvis ara calke mdgomi

instituciaa, aramed religia unda ganvixiloT, rogorc sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis nawili,

romlisganac izolirebuli aravinaa da maT Soris arc axalgazrdoba.

Secdoma iqneboda sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebs mxolod rwmenis prizmidan rom vuyureb-

deT. maTi zemoqmedeba Tanamedrove sazogadoebriv procesebze Zalzed mniSvnelovania.

Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi individis qcevas misi informirebuloba gansazRvravs. amis

gaTvaliswinebiT, socialuri intergraciis formebis gamoyenebiT cdiloben maTze damokidebuli

gaxadon sazogadoebis garkveuli nawili, rac sruliad miuRebelia qristianuli religiisaTvis.

amrigad, religiuri faqtoriT axalgazrdebis, rogorc socialuri subieqtis CarTvam,

SeiZleba rogorc dadebiTi (mag. misionerebi), aseve uaryofiTi (mag. islami, fundamentalistebi)

gavlena iqonios rogorc mTlianad sazogadoebaze, aseve axalgazrdebze.

eklesia rogorc socialuri institucia warmoadgens istoriul Camoyalibebul sistemas

sazogadoebis da maT Soris axalgazrdebis swori cxovrebis wesis damkvidrebisaTvisaTvis, rac

metad mniSvnelovania Cveni sazogadoebisaTvis, myari da tradiciuli ojaxisaTvis, rac eris

simyaris garantiaa.

Tanamedrove civilizebul sazogadoebaSi eklesias ara mxolod religiuri ritualebis

SenarCunebisa da gadacemis funqcia aqvs, aramed socialuri institutis statusic gaaCnia,

romelic mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs jansaRi axalgazrdobis formirebaSi, xels uwyobs WeSma-

riti faseulobebis damkvidrebas.

saxelmwifos keTildReoba arsebiTad damokidebulia maRali pasuxismgeblobis mqone

ganaTlebul adamianebze, romelTac gacnobierebuli aqvT sakuTari profesiuli saqmianobis mniSvne-

loba qveynisaTvis.

nebismieri eris warmatebuli momavali damokidebulia ganaTlebis sistemis swor mowyobasa da

funqcionirebis maRal xarisxze. im qveynebSi, sadac ganaTlebis sistema efeqtiania, Sesabamisad

jansaRia saxelmwifos yvela wamyvani instituti.

evrokavSiris qveynebi aqtiurad muSaoben imaze, rom Seiqmnas umaRlesi ganaTlebis erTiani

sivrce, rac xels xelSeuwyobs saxelmwifoebs Soris akademiur TanamSromlobas.

boloniis procesSi CarTvam daamtkica, rom es aris efeqtiani gza saerTaSoriso konsensusis

misaRwevad, magram imavdroulad pozitiurad iyenebs saganmanaTleblo tradiciebis mdidar

mravalferovnebas, sxvadasxva dargobrivi sferos specifikur gamocdilebasa da codnas. swored

amis dasturia saqarTvelos saganmaTleblo sivrceSi iseTi axali umaRlesi saswavleblebis gaCena,

rogoricaa:

1. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTuli universiteti,

romelic saswavlo progaramebis mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva: filologia, istoria,

saerTaSoriso urTierTobebi da regionuli procesebi, fsiqologia, socialuri muSaoba,

informatika, maTematika, gamoyenebiTi ekologia, fizika, menejmenti, finansebi, ekonomika,

turizmis biznesi, qarTul enaSi momzadebis saganmanaTleblo programa azerbaijanul-

enovanTaTvis, qarTul enaSi momzadebis saganmanaTleblo programa somxurenovanTaTvis,

qarTul enaSi momzadebis saganmanaTleblo programa afxazurenovanTaTvis.

65

2. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida Tamar mefis saxelobis saswavlo universiteti: saswav-

lo programebi _ farmacia da tradiciuli medicina, fizikuri medicina da reabilitacia.

3. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida tbel abuseriZis saxelobis saswavlo universiteti

(xulo): saswavlo programebi _ istoria, filologia, xelovnebaTmcodneoba, ganaTleba,

samarTalmcodneoba, sajaro mmarTveloba, agraruli mecnierebebi, biznesis administrireba,

Jurnalistika, jandacvis bakalavri-saeqTno saqme.

4. saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis Tbilisis sasuliero

akademia da seminaria: saswavlo programebi _ Teologiis sabakalavro programa, qris-

tianuli fsiqologiis sabakalavro programa, qristianuli xelovnebaTmcodneobis sabaka-

lavro programa, xatweris sabakalavro programa, dazguri da monumenturi xatweris

restavraciis sabakalavro programa.

5. wmida maqsime aRmsareblis saxelobis cageris sasuliero seminaria: saswavlo programebi

_ Teologiis sabakalavro programa, - qristianuli fsiqologiis saganmanaTleblo prog-

rama.

6. marTlmadidebluri saRvTismetyvelo umaRlesi sagamanaTleblo dawesebuleba _ giorgi

mTawmindelis saxelobis saeklesio galobis umaRlesi saswavlebeli: saswavlo programebi

_ saeklesio musikisa da saeklesio musikaTmcodneobis sabakalavro programa.

7. marTlmadidebluri saRvTismetyvelo umaRlesi sagamanaTleblo dawesebuleba- saqar-

Tvelos _ samociqulo avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gelaTis sasuliero

akademia da seminaria: saswavlo programebi _ Teologiis sabakalavro programa, qris-

tianuli xelovnebaTmcodneobis sabakalavro programa.

8. marTlmadidebluri saRvTismetyvelo umaRlesi sagamanaTleblo dawesebuleba - yvarlis

wminda abibo nekreselis saxelobis sasuliero seminaria - ekologiis saganmanaTleblo

programa.

marTmadidebluri saRvTismetyvelo umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis roli da

mizania: mdidari erovnuli tradiciebis SenarCuneba da ganviTareba. rwmenisa da codnis sin-

Tezze, ganaTlebis uwyvetobasa da memkvidreobiTobaze dafuZnebuli saganmanaTleblo da

mecnieruli saqmianoba, romelic emsaxureba sazogadoebis orientacias qristianul (marTlmadi-

deblur) da umaRles sakacobrio Rirebulebebze. saswavlo universitetebi Seqmnilia saswav-

lo da samecniero-kvleviTi saqmianobisaTvis, romelic emsaxureba maRali kvalifikaciis specia-

listebis momzadebas.

ganaTleba da saganmanaTleblo TanamSromloba gadamwyveti faqtoria stabiluri,

mSvidobiani da demokratiuli sazogadoebis ganviTarebisa da gaZlierebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT

im situaciis fonze, romelic samxreT-aRmosavleT evropaSi Seiqmna.

axalgazrdoba qveynis SromiTi resursebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani nawili da socialur-

ekonomikuri ganviTarebis strategiuli resursia. axalgazrdobis wili mosaxleobaSi Sesam-

Cnevad cvlis ara mxolod mis sqesobriv-asakobriv struqturas, aramed SromiTi potencialis

profesiul-kvalificiur Semadgenlobas.

axalgazrdebis dasaqmebis nebismieri aspeqtiT Seswavlisas, aucilebelia ekonomikuri,

socialuri da demografiuli maxasiaTeblebebis urTierTkavSiriT ganxilva, ganaTlebis da

profesiuli momzadebis saxelmwifo regulirebis politikis gaTvaliswineba.

sasuliero ganaTleba saqarTveloSi IV saukunidan mkvidrdeba. eklesia-monastrebi mniSvne-

lovan saganmanaTleblo kerebsac warmoadgenda. Sua saukuneebSi gansakuTrebiT ganTqmuli iyo

tao-klarjeTis, gelaTis, iyalTos, gremisa da SiomRvimis saganmanaTleblo kerebi. Znelbedobisa

da ekonomikuri gaWirvebis miuxedavad, XIX saukunis dasawyisamde arsebobda Tbilisisa da

Telavis sasuliero saswavleblebi.

66

1817 wels TbilisSi gaixsna rusuli sasuliero seminaria, romelmac iarseba 1917

wlamde.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg,

kaTolikos-patriarqebis kirion II-isa da leonides dros, seriozuli muSaoba mimdinareobda

sasuliero seminariis daarsebisaTvis, magram 1921 wlis TebervalSi sabWoTa ruseTis mier gan-

xorcielebuli axali agresiisa da okupaciis pirobebSi, rodesac saqarTvelos marTl-

madidebeli samociqulo eklesia kanongareSe organizaciad gamocxadda, sasuliero saswavleb-

lis gaxsnaze fiqric ki ar SeiZleboda.

mxolod 1963 wlis 14 oqtombers uwmindesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqis efrem II-is locva-kurTxeviT mcxeTaSi gaixsna samoZRvro kursebi,

romelic 1965 wels sasuliero seminariad gadakeTda.

1988 wels uwmindesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia

II-is locva-kurTxeviT daarsda Tbilisis sasuliero akademia da seminaria. akademiaSi Cairicxa

14 studenti. mcxeTidan mas SeuerTda sasuliero seminaria 30 studentiT.

1993 wlidan sasuliero akademiasTan gaixsna saRvTismetyvelo instituti qristianuli

anTropologiisa da qristianuli xelovnebis fakultetebiT.

evropis zogierTi qveynisagan gansxvavebiT CvenSi ar arsebobs 800 an 700 wlis

universiteti. magram saqarTveloSi umaRlesi ganaTlebis istoria IV saukunidan iwyeba; aqedan

moyolebuli sxvadasxva dros, rogorc ki amisaTvis odnav mainc xelsayreli dro dgeboda,

Cvens miwa-wyalze Tu mis farglebs gareT umaRlesi ganaTlebis ramdenime mZlavri qarTuli

kera iqmneboda. daviT aRmaSeneblis xangrZlivi, daucxromeli moRvaweoba, uwinares yovlisa,

Turq-seljukTagan aoxrebuli qveynis Wrilobebis moSuSebisaken iyo mimarTuli.

sxva mraval ubedurebasTan erTad, rac `didma Turqobam~ Tavs daatexa Cvens qveyanas,

momTabareebma `dauwves....udabnoni klarjeTisani~, romlebic imdroindel saqarTvelos ganaT-

lebis kerebs warmoadgenen. marTalia, saqarTvelos `sinai~-is anu klarjeTis ~aTormet~ savanes

da saerTod qarTuli kulturis kerebs istoriul samxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi jer kidev

XI saukunis pirvel meoTxedSi, bizantiis keisris basil I bulgarTmmusvrelis Semosevis da

qarTvelTa da berZenTa Soris gaCaRebuli didi omianobis Sedegad Zveli brwyinvaleba moakl-

daT, magram maTi Zirfesvianad ganadgureba da gadawva Turq-seljukTa `damsaxurebaa~.

daviT IV-is aRmSeneblobiT saqmianobaSi erT-erT sapatio adgilze dgas swored gadabugul qve-

yanaSi droebiT Camkvdari saganmanaTleblo saqmianobis ganaxleba.

rodesac seljukebi winandeburad ukve parpaSs veRar bedavdnen saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze, da

garda amisa, TiTqmis asi wlis ganze dgomis Semdeg 1105 wels erwuxis brZoliT daviT

aRmaSenebelma sabolood SemouerTa hereT-kaxeTi erTian saqarTvelos, man, misi istorikosis

sityviT, ineba `aRSeneba monastrisa da daamtkica romelica gamoirCia madlman saRmrToman adgilsa

yovlad Sueniersa da yovliTurT unaklosa... romeli zeSTa hmats Suenierebasa yovelTasa~.

laparakia gelaTis RvTismSoblis monastris `aRSenebaze~, romelic 1106 wels dawyebula.

am monasterTan, rogorc es dRes dadgenilia, arsebobda mZlavri saswavlo da samecniero kera,

akademiis tipis umaRlesi saswavlebeli, sadac daviT aRmaSeneblma Tavi mouyara saqarTvelosa

Tu mis gareT moRvawe gamoCenil qarTvel mecnierebs: `munve Semokribna kacni patiosanni

cxovrebiTa da Semkulni yovliTa saTnoebiTa, ara TvisTa oden samefoTa Sina povnilni, aramed

queyanasa kideTa sadaTaca esma vieTme siwmide, sikeTe, sisrule, sulieriTa da xorcieliTa

saTnoebiTa aRsavseoba... moiyvanna da daamkvidrna mas Sina~.

RvTismSoblis monasterTan akademiis dafuZneba momxdara 1106-1110 wlebs Soris. swored

am wlebSi daemkvidra saqarTveloSi meored Camosuli didi qarTveli mecnieri ioane petriwi,

mravalgzis devnili, amjerad daviTis `wyalobisa~ da `Tanadgomisa~ moimede.

67

gelaTis monasterTan akademia rom daarsda, amaSi sakvirveli araferia; Sua saukuneebSi

akademiebi swored samonastro sistemaSi Sediodnen. gelaTis akademiaSi, misi daarsebis pirvel

wlebSive, ioane petriwis garda, moRvaweobda aseve didi mecnieri arsen iyalToeli.

imdroindel uZlieres, zogjer gansxvavebul msoflmxedvelobaTa mqone (aRiarebulia, maga-

liTad, rom ori didi figura am epoqisa ioane petriwi da arsen iyalToeli erTimeoris

ideuri mowinaaRmdegeebi iyvnen) qarTvel mecnierTa damkvidrebam gelaTSi gansazRvra akademiis

samecniero moRvaweobis farTo masStabebi.

gelaTis akademia warmoadgenda ara marto samecniero, aramed saswavlo kerasac, umaRles

saswavlebels; prof. s. yauxCiSvilis Tanaxmad, gelaTis akademiaSi `disciplinaTa swavleba

agebuli unda yofiliyo cnobil sistemaze trivium-quadrivium, e.i. iswavleboda Svidi discip-

lina: geometria, ariTmetika, musika, ritorika, gramatika, filosofia, astronomia~, radgan

bizantiis bevr umaRles skolaSic swored swavlebis aseTi sistema arsebobda.1

didia religiuri instituciebis, rogorc sakuTriv religiuri, aseve ekonomikuri,

politikuri da saganmanaTleblo funqciebi, romlis realizeba xdeba, rogorc mTlianad

sazogadoebis, aseve calkeuli jgufebis da maT Soris axalgazdebis doneze.

religiaze msjelobisas mniSvnelovania komunikacia axalgazrdebisaTvis gasageb enaze.

gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes axalgazrduli auditoriis (msmenelebis) specifika. garda amisa,

axalgazrdebTan saubrisas unda gesmodes maTi problemebi. maTTan urTierTobis, komunikaciis

formebi unda pasuxobdes aRniSnuli socialuri jgufis moTxovnebs, romlebic gamoirCevian

rogorc mravalricxovnebiT, aseve, socialuri aqtivobiT.

swored axalgazrdebis aseTi daxasiaTeba aZlevs swor orientacias eklesias maTTan komu-

nikaciis, urTerTobis aqtiuri formebis SerCevaSi, rogoricaa: marTlmadidebluri axalgazrdu-

li gaerTianebebi, axalgazrdebis CarTva eklesia-monastrebis aRdgeniT sarestavracio samu-

SaoebSi, mxatvruli rewvis saxelosnoebis Seqmna. swored aseTi formebi SeiZleba iyos pasuxi

globalizaciis pirobebSi, Tanamedrove sazogadoebis problemebze.

Manana Lobzhanidze

Religion and Youth: Searching for New Forms of Communication

Resume

Religion as the social phenomenon represents the objective factor, which like other social institutions impacts the

certain group of a society - the youth. Religion is not the institution staying aside a society but we should review relig-ion as a part of the public life and no one may be separated from it, including young population.

The church as the social institution represents historically shaped up system for inculcation of the right liv-ing order of a society and the young people as well, that is very important for a society, the firm and traditional family which is a guarantee for consolidation of a nation. In a total civilized community the church has the func-tion of not only the rites retention and transfer but it possess the statute of a social institute, which performs the significant role in formation of youth, promotes creation of true values.

The state welfare depends upon educated people with high responsibility who are aware of importance of their own professional activities for the state future.

1 abdalaZe a. Jurnali ,,jvari vazisa~, 1989. masala adaptirebulia Tamar sariSvilis mier specialurad saitisTvis

www.dzeglebi.ge

68

Successful future of any nation depends upon right arrangement and functioning of education system with high profile. In the states where an education system is efficient, correspondingly all leading institutes of the state are healthy and effective..

The role and the goal of Orthodox Theological Higher Educational Entity: retention and development of rich national traditions. Educational and scientific activities based on synthesis of belief and knowledge, uninter-rupted education and heritage which serves the society orientation towards Christian (orthodox) and high values of mankind.

69

merab miqelaSvili

sameurneo saqmianobis principebi Zveli aRTqmis mixedviT

adamiani Tavisi istoriis yvela periodSi Zalian aqtiurad monawileobs cxovrebis im

sferoSi, romelsac ekonomika hqvia. masSi igulisxmeba materialuri, informaciuli da

`sulieri~ resusebis warmoebis, gacvlis, ganawilebis, gacvlisa da moxmarebis procesTa erTo-

blioba. gamocdileba naTlad aCvenebs, rom ekonomikuri keTildReoba ori wyarosgan momdi-

nareobs. pirveli warmoadgens Semoqmedis mier Seqmnil samyaros, bunebas, rodesac adamiani moi-

povebs Semoqmedis mier guluxvad boZebul saocar simdidres. meore _ adamianis Sroma, misi

fizikuri, gonebrivi da sulieri Zalisxmeva. swored es warmoadgens realuri ekonomikis safu-

Zvels.

mas Semdeg, rac adamianis codviT dacemis Semdeg RmerTma mas daudgina: `pirofliani Wamde

purs, vidre miwad miiqceode, radgan misgana xar aRebuli~ (dab. 3,19)1, adamiani mowodebulia

SromisTvis. aqedan gamomdinare, cxadia, rom adamianis ekonomikur-sameurneo cxovreba misTvis

udides mniSvnelobas iZens. sameurneo saqmianoba uzrunvelyofs adamianTa materialur cxovre-

bas, amitom ekonomika adamianisTvis gardauvali aucileblobaa. ekonomikuri sferos ignorireba

da sakuTari Tavis miCneva mxolod `sulier~ arsebad, namdvilad aragonivrulia, amitom au-

cilebelia sameurneo saqmianobis gaazreba qristianuli Rirebulebebis safuZvelze.

bunebrivia, vixilavT ra wminda werilis ekonomikur kategoriebs, unda avarCioT gark-

veuli Sexedulebebi da CamovayaliboT maTi Sefasebis kriteriumebi. adamianis cxovrebis arsi

RmerTTan miaxloeba da gadarCenaa. amitom, adamianis nebismier sameurneo aqtiobas unda Sevxe-

doT misi sulieri gadarCenis prizmiT.

`visac ar uyvars, man ver Seicno RmerTi, imitom, rom RmerTi siyvarulia~ (1 ioan. 4,8).

es niSnavs, rom RmerTTan daaxloeba SesaZlebelia mxolod siyvaruliT: `giyvardes ufali

RmerTi Seni mTeli Seni guliT da mTeli Seni suliT da mTeli Seni gonebiT da mTeli Seni

ZaliT, _ ai, upirvelesi mcneba. da meore, amisi msgavsi: `giyvardes moyvasi Seni, viTarca Tavi

Seni, ar arsebobs amaTze diadi mcneba~ (mark. 12, 30-31).

adamianis gadarCena RmerTisa da moyvasis siyvarulSia. unda iTqvas, rom sameurneo-

ekonomikuri sfero _ es, pirvel rigSi, moyvasis siyvarulze agebuli urTierToba unda iyos.

igi warmoadgens meore mcnebis Sesrulebis uzarmazar vels. amitom, Cveni azriT, ekonomikuri

saqmianobis Sefasebis kriteriums warmoadgens is, ramdenad asaxavs moyvasis siyvarulis gamov-

linebas. Tu gavaanalizebT am principebs, romelic safuZvlad udevs Tanamedrove `ekonomiksebs~,

advilad davinaxavT, rom isini efuZnebian princips, romlis mixedviTac adamiani yovelTvis

cdilobs Tavisi Semosavlebisa da mogebis maqsimizacias. sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, adamiani eko-

nomikur sferoSi warmoadgens egoistur arsebas, romelic orientirebulia sakuTar keTil-

dReobaze. qristianuli siyvarulis kanoni ki mogviwodebs sapirispirosken: `siyvaruli ...ar

ukeTurobs, ar eZebs Tavisas...~ (1 kor. 13,4,5).

qristianuli eTikis TvalsazrisiT, sabazro ekonomikis erT-erTi principi, romelic

gulisxmobs egoistur swrafvas maqsimaluri mogebis miRebisaken, warmoadgens ara bunebis ka-

nons, aramed znedacemuli adamianis Sedegs _ codvas. es winaaRmdegoba TvalnaTliv gviCvenebs,

rom qristianuli cnobiereba sameurneo saqmianobas aRiqvams ara misi efeqturobis, aramed zneo-

brivi kuTxiT. qristianuli morali da Sesabamisad, qristianuli sazogadoebis ekonomika unda

gansxvavdebodes im sazogadoebebis ekonomikisgan, romlebic xelmZRvaneloben sxva religiuri

principebiT.

1 aq da yvelgan citirebulia wignidan: biblia. Tbilisi, 2013.

70

Zvel aRTqmaSi mravladaa Sromis, sakuTrebis, simdidris, siRaribis da maTTan dakavSire-

buli sakiTxebi. Zveli aRTqmis droindeli adamianebis sameurneo cxovreba SeiZleba ganvixiloT

qristianuli ekonomikuri cxovrebis safuZvlad. amitom mniSvnelovania, pirvel rigSi,

yuradReba mivaqcioT Zveli aRTqmis droindel sameurneo saqmianobis normebis maRal zneobriv

Sinaarss.

dabadebis pirveli Tavebi aRwers, rogor Seqmna RmerTma adamiani. amasTan, adamiani cxov-

robda edemSi, sadac mas ar hqonda kvebis problema, magram RmerTma ar datova adami uqmad: ài-

yvana adami ufalma RmerTma da daasaxla edemis baRSi mis dasamuSaveblad da dasacavad~ (dab.

2,15). am fragmentis arsia is, rom yovelives mflobeli aris RmerTi, adamiani ki valdebulia,

`daamuSaos da daicvas~ miwa. Tezisi imis Sesaxeb, rom yvelaferi ekuTvnis RmerTs, wiTel

zolad gasdevs wminda werils da Zveli aRTqmis safuZvels warmoadgens.

adamiani sulierad daeca da aman gansazRvra kacobriobis Semdgomi istoria, maT Soris

cvlilebebic sameurneo sferoSi. RmerTi eubneba adams: `raki Sens dedakacs daujere da SeWame

xis nayofi, romlis Wama akrZaluli mqonda SenTvis, miwa daiwyevlos Sens gamo: tanjviT

miiRebde misgan sazrdos mTeli sicocxle. ZeZvi da ekali aRmogicenos da mindvris balaxi iyos

Seni sazrdo. pirofliani Wamde purs, vidre miwad miiqceode, radgan misgana xar aRebuli~ (dab.

3, 17-19). edemiseuli Sroma waerTva adamians da samagierod daudginda Sroma-tanjva, Sroma-

simZime; es wyevla dRemde amZimebs adamis modgmas, magram, meores mxriv, swored Sroma aZlevs

sazogadoebas arsebobisa da ganviTarebis saSualebas.

unda aRiniSnos, rom edemSi cxovrebisas Cven ver vxvdebiT kerZo sakuTrebis veranair

kvals. pirvel adamianebs samosic ki ar hqondaT. zogierTi Teologi yuradRebas amaxvilebs

RmerTis Semdeg mimarTvaze: ìnayofiereT da imravleT, aavseT dedamiwa, daeufleT mas, epa-

troneT zRvaSi Tevzs, caSi frinvels, yovel cxovels, rac ki dedamiwaze daxoxavs~ (dab. 1,28)

da xazs usvamen sityva `daeufle~-s, Tvlian ra, rom es aris kerZo sakuTrebis kurTxeva.

Cveni azriT, es azri safuZvels moklebulia, radgan im dros dedamiwaze iyo ori adamiani

_ adami da eva. da Tu saubaria kerZo sakuTrebaze, maSin RmerTs maT Soris unda gaenawilebina

sakuTreba. sxva saqmea situacia dacemis Semdeg, roca àexilaT Tvali orives da mixvdnen, rom

SiSvelni iyvnen, gadaakeres leRvis foTlebi da ardagebi gaikeTes~ (dab. 3,7). es aqti SeiZleba

miCneuli iqnes, rogorc pirveli, kerZo sakuTrebisadmi mimarTuli aqti; pirveli col-qmris

Svilebi kaeni da abeli miutanen RmerTs imas, rac Seqmnes sakuTari Sromis Sedegad _ abeli,

romelic iyo mwyemsi, miarTmevs da Seswiravs RmerTs cxvars, xolo kaeni, rogorc miwaTmo-

qmedi, miarTmevs mas, miwis nayofs.

istoriaSi vxedavT, rom uZvelesi adamianebi cxovroben did ojaxur klanebad (magaliTad,

abraamis ojaxi, romelSic 300 mona cxovrobda), sadac sakuTreba formalurad klanis meTaurs

ekuTvnoda, faqtobrivad ki nawildeboda yvela wevrze, yovelgvari `sabazro urTierTobebis

gareSe. adamianis dacemam gaxsna gza kerZo sakuTrebisken, magram masTan misasvleli manZili sak-

maod didi aRmoCnda. kerZo sakuTrebis met-naklebad ganviTrebuli forma Camoyalibda egvipti-

dan gamosvlis momentisTvis.

sinas mTaze mose RmerTisgan iRebs sjulis ficars, romelzec ewera aTi mcneba. es iyo

umniSvnelovanesi momenti mTeli kacobriobis istoriaSi. RmerTi iZleva kanonebs, romliTac

unda ecxovra dacemul kacobriobas, rom moemzadebinaT mxsnelis mosvla. sinas mTis `kanonmde-

blobam~ xeli Seuwyo sameurneo saqmianobis axal tips. faqtobrivad, aTive mcnebas (gam. 20,2-

21) aqvs Sexeba sameurneo saqmianobasTan. pirveli sami (`me var ufali, Tqveni RmerTi~, àr

gaikeTo kerpebi~, àr daifico fuWad uflis, Seni RvTis saxeli~) adgens RmerTis uzenaesobas

yvelaferSi, maT Soris sameurneo saqmianobaSic. meoTxe (`gaxsovdes SabaTi dRe, eqvsi dRe

imuSave da akeTe Seni saqmeebi~) reglamentirebas ukeTebs Sromisa da dasvenebis reJims. mexuTe

71

da meSvide (`pativi eci mamas da dedas~, àr imruSo~) icavs ojaxis, rogorc sameurneo

saqmianobis subieqtis uryeobas. meeqvse (àra kla~) amkvidrebs cxovrebis uzenaes Rirebulebebs;

mecxre (àr gamoxvide cru mowmed~) simarTlis principia. merve da meaTe (àr iqurdo~, àr

indomo sxvisi~) icavs sakuTrebas.

Semdeg aTi mcneba ayalibebs gadarCenis mTavar principebs _ RmerTisa da moyvasis siyva-

ruls. es mcnebebi wamyvan rols TamaSoben axali aRTqmis sameurneo urTierTobebSi. Zvel

aRTqmaSi ki, moyvasis siyvarulis mcneba formulirebulia nawilobriv, uarmyofeli mcnebebis

(àra kla~, àr indomo~) saSualebiT.

dabolos, aTi mcneba amyarebs kerZo sakuTrebis uflebas: àr iqurdo~, àr indomo Seni

Tvistomis saxli, arc misi xari, arc misi saxedari, arc araferi misi qonebidan~. magram aqedan

ar SeiZleba daskvnis gakeTeba, rom kerZo sakuTrebis ufleba dawyebulia RmerTis mier sama-

radJamod. axali aRTqmis sakuTrebiTi mcnebebi gansxvavebulia. mcneba àr iqurdo~ universalu-

ria da exeba rogorc kerZo, ise sazogadoebriv qonebas.

ra Tqma unda, Zveli aRTqmis mTeli ekonomika emyareba kerZo sakuTrebas, magram kerZo sa-

kuTreba ar iTvleba wmindaTawmindad da es TvalsaCino xdeba sameurneo saqmianobis normebis

ufro detaluri analizis dros.

aTi mcnebis garda, Cven vxvdebiT Zveli aRTqmis teqstebSi mTel rig maRalzneobriv

sameurneo normebs, kerZod:

`SabaTis weli~. yovel meSvide wels kanoni uflebas iZleva, ar daTeso da ar miiRo mo-

savali: èqvs weliwads Tesavde Sens yanas, eqvs weliwads sxlavde Sens venaxs da iRebde mosav-

als. meSvide wels ki sauqmo SabaTia miwisaTvis, uflis SabaTi. yana ar daTeso da venaxi ar

gasxla~ (lev. 25, 3-4). rac ki TavisiT amova miwaze, unda mieces Raribebsa da cxovelebs:

`Cafantuli marcvlidan amosuli ar momka da gausxlavi vazidan yurZeni ar mokrifo. uqmi

weliwadi iyos miwisTvis. miwis uqmobis dros gqondeT saWmelad Sen da Sens ymas, Sens ymaqals,

qiriskacs da mdgmurs, romelic SenTan dgas~ (lev. 25, 5-7).

amis garda, kanoni iTvaliswinebda, rom yoveli meSvide wlis bolos uqmdeboda yvela

vali: `yoveli meSvide wlis Tavze gamocxaddes patieba. apatios yovelma mevalem, visac rame

usesxebia Tavisi moyvasisTvis~ (rjl. 15, 1-2), amasTan gansakuTrebiT aRniSnulia, rom aravis

ara aqvs ufleba uari Tqvas valis dabrunebaze (rjl. 15,9). saintereso iyo is faqti, rom va-

lis patieba exeboda mxolod ebraels: ùcxoels mosTxove, magram apatie Sens moZmes, Tu Seni

vali eqna~ (rjl. 15,3).

dabolos, TanamoZme monebs aTavisuflebdnen me-7 wels (lev. 25, 39-55. gam. 21,2;

26,27,32). amasTan, aTavisuflebdnen monis colsac. Tu monas cols batoni miscemda da igi

Svilebs gaaCenda, maSin qali bavSvebTan erTad batonTan unda darCeniliyo. am yvelafers ki ada-

mianTmoyvareobis sarCuliT xsnidnen: meSvide wels mona ar Tesda sakuTar mindorSi da Sesa-

bamisad, ar SeeZlo ojaxis gamokveba.

saiubileo weli, Zveli aRTqmis teqstis mixedviT, es 50-e welia: `zeimi iyos TqvenTvis

ormocdameaTe weli. ar TesoT da ar mkaT Cafantuli marcvlidan amosuli, ar mokrifoT

gausxlavi vazidan~ (lev. 25,11). aqedan gamomdinare, ori weli zedized miwa ar unda damuSave-

buliyo, rac aCens versias imis Taobaze, rom saiubileo weli 49-e weli SeiZleba yofiliyo.

saiubileo wlis arsi kargad Cans sityvebSi: àm zeimis wels daubrundes kaci Tavis samkvidre-

bels~ (lev. 25,13). Zveli aRTqma uSvebs miwis gayidvas. amasTan, saiubileo wels yoveli gay-

iduli miwa unda dabruneboda mis gamyidvels, im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu mas ar eqneboda gamosasy-

idi Tanxa. es wesi erTgvarad yidva-gayidvis operacias aqcevda grZelvadian ijarad. amasTan,

xazgasmiTaa aRniSnuli: `miwa samudamod ar unda gaiyidos, radgan Cemia miwa, radgan Tqven

mdgmurebi da xiznebi xarT CemTan~ (lev. 25,23).

72

analogiuri wesi moqmedebda soflis saxlebze, romelTac galavani ar hqonda da amitom

miwis nakveTebad iTvleboda; rac Seexeba maT samkvidrebel qalaqis saxlebs, is rCeboda myid-

velebis mudmiv sakuTrebaSi. aq gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa am kanonebis saocari zneobrivi si-

maRle da efeqturoba. maTi saSualebiT ara marto monobis winaaRmdeg brZola SeiZleboda, ara-

med, faqtobrivad, ekonomikuri eqsploatacia gamoiricxeboda, rac xels uSlida mdidrebisa da

Raribebis mkveTr diferenciacias. arsobrivad es aris imdroindel sazogadoebaSi socialuri

samarTlianobis safuZveli, faqtobrivad ki niSnavs socialur doneze moyvasis siyvarulis

mcnebis dafiqsirebas. Cveni azriT, aSkaraa moses kanonebis zneobrivi upiratesoba Tanamedrove

msoflios formalurad qristianul kanonmdeblobasTan SedarebiT.

daqiravebulTa Sromis uzrunvelyofa. e.w. `SabaTis~ kanoni uzrunvelyofda dasvenebas.

anazRaureba momuSaveebisTvis unda gadaexadaT dauyovnebliv: `Tavis droze gadauxade

gasamrjelo da nu daucdi mzis Casvlas, radgan Raribia igi da Seni imedi aqvs~ (rjl. 25,15).

am ukanaskneli normidan gamomdinareobs isic, rom mzis Casvlis Semdeg Sromis moTxovna

akrZaluli iyo.

kanonebi qurdobisa da giraos Sesaxeb. Tu qurds daiWerdnen, naqurdalTan erTad, mas

naqurdalis Rirebulebis ormagi Tanxis gadaxdiT sjidnen. `Tu xelze cocxlad upovnian

naqurdals, xari iqneba, viri Tu cxvari, ormagad unda zRos~ (gam. 22,3). Tu qurds gadaxdis

saSualeba ara aqvs, maSin kanonis mixedviT igi an Tavad unda wavides monad, an Tavisi Svilebi

gauSvas monebad.

sagnebis giraod aReba dasaSvebi iyo mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is safrTxes ar uqmnida

sicocxles da janmrTelobas: `Tu Seni Tvistomisgan tansacmels daigiraveb, mzis Casvlamde

daubrune, radgan igi misi erTaderTi safarvelia, misi xorcis Sesamoselia~ (gam. 22, 25-26)

`aravin daigiraos xelsafqvavi an dolabi, radgan sicocxlis damgiravebeli iqneba igi~ (rjl.

24,6).

sameurneo zarali. kanoni did mniSvnelobas aniWebs qonebriv da sameurneo davebs. am

sakiTxebis mniSvneloba iqidanac Cans, rom mis Sesaxeb RmerTi aTi mcnebis gamocxadebis Semdeg

saubrobs: `Tu kaci vinme Tavs axdis ormos an Tu amoiRebs ormos da ar gadaxuravs da Sig

xari an viri Cavardeba, ormos patronma vercxliT unda aunazRauros saqonlis patrons;

mkvdari pirutyvi ki mas darCeba. Tu vinmes xari mezoblis xars urqens da moklavs, gayidon

cocxali xari da misi fasi Tanasworad gainawilon, moklulic Tanasworad gainawilon~. Tu

xari adrec morqenali iyo da patrons dabmuli ar hyavda, xaris wil xari unda uzRos;

mkvdari ki mas darCes (gam. 21, 33-36). am SemTxvevaSi kargad Cans, rom kanoni icavs

samarTlianobas.

mevaxSeoba mTlianad akrZaluli iyo TanamoZmeebTan mimarTebaSi: `ar misce sargebeli Sens

moZmes, arc vercxli, arc saWmeli da arc raime nivTi, rac sargebelSi SeiZleba gaices.

ucxoels mieci sargebelSi, Sen moZmes ki nu miscem sargebelSi, rom gakurTxos ufalma~ (rjl.

23, 19-20). amasTan, ucxoelisTvis ebraels unda gadaexada ZiriTadi Tanxa da sargebelic: `bevr

xalxs eqneba Seni vali, Sen ki ar isesxeb; bevr xalxze ibatoneb, Senze ki aravin ibatonebs

(rjl. 15,6). aq xazgasmulia procentis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba ekonomikur urTierTobaSi.

dResac kapitali mniSvnelovanwilad iqmneba saprocento meqanizmebis meSveobiT.

vaWroba. kanoni uSvebda vaWrobas, amasTan, iTxovda samarTliani formis dawesebas. amasTan,

kanoni krZalavda tyuils yidva-gayidvis dros: `nu icruebT, nurc sasamarTloze, nurc zoma-

wonaSi da nurc sawyaoSi, swori saswori, swori sawonebi, swori efa, swori pini1 unda

gqondeT~ (lev. 19, 35-36).

1 efa da pini – sazomi erTeulebi, romlebic Sesabamisad 52,48 l da 8,5 l Seadgenda.

73

qvelmoqmedeba. kanonebi imis garda, rom krZalavda uxeS eqsploatacias da arakon-

trolirebadi qonebis dagrovebas, Seicavda wess qvelmoqmedebis Taobaze da moiTxovda Rari-

bebisa da upovarTa mimarT adamianur midgomas: `Tu iqna TqvenSi Raribi erTi Tqveni moZmeTagani

Tqvens erT-erT qalaqSi, im qveyanaSi, romelsac gaZlevs ufali, Seni RmerTi, guls nu gaiqvaveb

da xelmoWerili nu iqnebi Seni Raribi moZmis mimarT, aramed xelgaSlili iyavi da asesxe misi

gasaWiris kvalobaze, rac uWirs. frTxilad iyavi, gulSi ar Segeparos ugvani fiqri, ar Tqva:

axlovdeba meSvide weli, patiebis weli. aiTvaliswuneb Sens Rarib moZmes da arafers miscem.

ufalTan giCivlebs da codva dagedeba. mieci da nu inaRvlebs Seni guli micemisas, radgan

amisTvis gakurTxebs ufali, Seni RmerTi, yvela Sens saqmeSi da naamagarSi. radgan ar daileva

Raribi am qveyanaze; amitomac gibrZaneb, xelgaSlili iyo Seni moZmis mimarT, Seni Ratakisa da

Raribis mimarT Sens qveyanaSi~ (rjl. 15, 7-11).

unda aRvniSnoT, rom qvelmoqmedebaze uaris Tqmas kanoni ganixilavs rogorc codvas da

aRniSnavs, rom `qvelmoqmedebis dros ar unda inaRvlos gulma~. es ki ukve garkveuli zneob-

rivi normis gamoxatulebaa moyvasis siyvarulTan mimarTebiT.

mTeli Zveli aRTqmis periodis ganmavlobaSi winaswarmetyvelni qadageben sikeTis qmnas:

`Tu Seni mteri mSieria, puri aWame, Tu swyuria, wyali asvi~ (igav. 25,21); `rom mSiers gauyo

Seni puri da usaxlkaro Rarib-Ratakni saxlSi Seiyvano, rom Semoso SiSvelni, roca dainaxav

da Sens sisxlsa da xorcs ar daemalo~ (es. 58,7); `radgan Tqveni sikeTe maxarebs da ara

msxverpli~ (os. 6,6); `qvrivs, obols, xizans, Rarib-Rataks nu daCagravT; borots nu izraxavT

Tqvens gulSi erTmaneTisTvis (zaq. 7,10).

mTlianobaSi vaanalizebT ra sinas kanonmdeblobis sameurneo normebs, mis Taviseburebad

migvaCnia:

kanonebi, romlebic aregulirebs sameurneo saqmianobas, ara aqvs istoriuli warsuli

da ar Seqmnila winare socialuri praqtikiT da ekonomikuri realiebiT;

RmerTi eubneba israelis xalxs, rom Tu isini Seasruleben am kanonebs, maSin maT

garantirebuli aqvT sameurneo warmatebebi da keTildReoba: `Tu ivliT Cems wesze da daicavT

Cems mcnebebs da SeasrulebT maT, Tavis droze mogcemT wvimas da miwac mogcemT Tavis

mosavals, mindvris xeebi mogcemen TavianT nayofs. lewva Tesvaze adre dagidgebaT, rTveli

Tesvaze adre, ZRomaze SeWamT Tqvens purs, Tqvens qveyanaSi mSvidad icxovrebT~ (lev. 26, 3-5),

winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, xalxi mkacrad daisjeba RmerTis mier: `gavtexav Tqveni sijiutis

Zalas, rkinad vaqcev Tqvens xars, spilenZad _ Tqvens miwas... ar mogcemT miwa Tavis mosavals

da qveynis xeebi _ Tavis nayofebs, mec gamoval Tqvens winaaRmdeg risxviT da Svidgzis dagsjiT

Tqveni codvebisTvis~ (lev. 26, 19-29).

amgvarad, SeiZleba imis mtkiceba, rom moses kanonebs Semoaqvs sameurneo Teokratiis

principebi, romelic gulisxmobs RmerTisadmi damorCilebas yoveldRiur sameurneo-ekonomikur

saqmianobaSi.

simdidre da siRaribe Zvel aRTqmaSi. moses kanoni, udebs ra kerZo sakuTrebas safuZvlad

sameurneo saqmianobas, uSvebs simdidresa da siRaribes, Tumca cdilobs maT Soris antagonizmis

Semcirebas. simdidrisa da siRaribis SefasebaSi ikveTeba ori tendencia.

simdidre aris RmerTis keTili nebis niSani. am azrs Zveli aRTqmis teqstebSi mravaljer

vxvdebiT.

eklesiaste ambobs: `fulis moyvaruli fuliT ver gaZReba da arc simdidris moyvaruli

Tavis SemosavliT~ (ekl. 5,9) da iqve amatebs: `kacs RmerTi aZlevs qonebasa da simdidres da

imis Snosac, rom moixmaros, miiRos wili da gaixaros Tavisi SromiT; es yvelaferi RvTis

wyalobaa (ekl. 5,18). solomoni brZanebs: `brZenkacTa gvirgvini maTi dovlaTia, ugunurTa

sibriyve ki sibriyvea~ (igav. 14,24). winaswarmetyveli samueli gvaswavlis: `ufali aRatakebs da

74

amdidrebs, daamdablebs da aRamaRlebs (1 mef. 2,7), radgan simdidres iZleva mxolod RmerTi.

igi xSirad ganixileba, rogorc dadebiTi Rirebuleba: `Tvinierebis da uflis SiSis sazRauri

simdidre, dideba da sicocxlea~ (igav. 22,4). aniWebs ra gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas Sromas,

Zveli aRTqma xSirad xedavs siRaribis mizezs sizarmaceSi: `Rarib-Ratakis xodabunSi uxvi

sazrdoa, magram zogjer usamarTlobiT iRupeba~ (igav. 13,23). `zarmacs siciveSi xvna ezareba,

rTvlobas ki moikiTxavs, magram araferi eqneba~ (igav. 20,4). magram Zvel aRTqmaSi aris

tendencia _ ar unda gamoekido simdidres da ar unda gqondes misi imedi: `gamdidrebaze nu

izruneb, Tavidan moiSore fiqri~ (igav. 23,4). `fulis moyvaruli fuliT ver gaZReba, da arc

simdidris moyvaruli Tavis SemosavliT, esec amaoebaa~ (ekl. 5,9). àravis argebs simdidre

risxvis dRes, simarTle ki ixsnis sikvdilisagan~ (igav. 11,4). ùflis moSiSebiT mcires qona

umjobesia, vidre didZali ganZi mousvenrobaSi~ (igav. 15,16). `rCeuli saxeli didZal qonebaze

ukeTesia, keTili madli ki _ vercxlze da oqroze~ (igav. 22,1). `sicrue da tyuili maSore,

nurc siRaribes momcem da nurc simdidres, saarsebo puriT masazrdove~ (igav. 30,8).

umjobesia, RmerTis imedi gqondes, vidre simdidrisa _ es aris daskvna, romelic xSirad

gvxvdeba Zvel aRTqmaSi.

meaTedi. miwis nayofisa da pirutyvis meaTedi nawili iyo misatani: ìq miitaneT Tqveni

aRsavleni msxverpli da saklavi, Tqveni meaTedi, Tqveni xelis ZRveni. Tqveni aRTqmuli, Tqveni

Sesawiravi, saqonlisa da cxvris pirvelmogebuli~ (rjl. 12,6). aseTi meaTedi iTvleboda

rogorc miwis renta mRvdelmsaxurebis sasargeblod. amasTan, arsebobda desetinis kidev erTi

saxe, romelsac ixdidnen qvemoqmedebisaTvis da iyenebdnen levianelebis da RaribebisaTvis. miwis

nayofis meaTedis gamosyidva SeiZleboda, misi fasisa da kidev fasis mexuTedis gadaxdis

SemTxvevaSi.

mTlianobaSi, kanonebi levianis materialuri uzrunvelyofis nawilSi, erTi mxriv, uzrun-

velyofda maT materialur damokidebulebas da, meore mxriv, ar aZlevda maT gamdidrebis saSu-

alebas.

moses kanonebi dRevandeli gadasaxedidan socialurad orientirebuli iyo. am kanonebis

jerovnad Sesrulebas unda uzrunveleyo socialurad samarTliani sazogadoebis formireba. es

kanonebi Seicavda sakmaod maRal zneobriv normebs, maT Soris ekonomikur urTierTobebSic. ma-

gram am kanonebis dacva xSir SemTxvevaSi ar xdeboda.

kanonebi, `meSvide wlisa~ da `saiubileo wlis~ Sesaxeb, TiTqmis arasdros ar srulde-

boda. winaswarmetyvelTa wignebi savsea kanonis darRvevis faqtebiT. amos winaswarmetyveli, ro-

melmac ganWvrita israelis samefos dacema, brZanebs: ìsmineT es Rarib-RatakTa mSTanTqmelno

da qveynis beCavTa damRupvelno, rom ambobT: rodis gava axalmTvaroba, rom gavyidoT puri da

SabaTi, rom gavaRoT beRlebi, SevamciroT efa, gavzardoT Sekeli da vityuoT mrude sas-

woriTo. viyidoT vercxliT beCavni da wvrili xamliT _ Rarib-Ratakni, puris ganacxrili ki

gavyidoTo~ (amos. 8,4-6). esaia winaswarmetyveli ganrisxebuli ambobs: ùfali msjavrs sdebs

Tavis eris uxucesebs da Tavkacebs. Tqven gaaCanageT venaxi, Rarib-RatakTagan warTmeuliT

agivsiaT saxlebi. ratom TelavT Cem ers da aWirvebT Rarib-RatakT?~ (es. 3, 14-15); `vai, Tqven,

saxlebis saxlebze mimdgmelno da yanebis yanebze mimjrelno, rom adgili aRarsad darCa da

Tqvens garda aRaravin cxovrobs dedamiwaze~ (es. 5,8).

esaia winaswarmetyvelis dros `saiubileo wlis~ kanonis miuxedavad, miwebi xSirad iyide-

boda ganusazRvreli vadiT. umaRles ekonomikur Zlierebas ebraelTa saxelmwifom miaRwia mefe

solomonis (Zv. w. aR. 970-931 w.w.) dros. èqvsas samocdaeqvsi qanqari Semosdioda solomons

yovelwliurad~ (3 mef. 10,14). es imdenad mniSvnelovani Semosavali iyo, rom `solomonis yvela

sasmisi oqrosi iyo, yvela WurWeli libanis maRnaris saxlSi rCeuli oqrosi iyo; vercxli da

spilenZi arafrad miaCndaT solomonis dros~ (3 mef. 10,21). solomons sul Svidi weli

75

dasWirda grandiozuli taZris asaSeneblad. sainteresoa, rom swored solomonis mefobis dros

vxvdebiT cnobil `mxecis ricxvs~ _ eqvsas samocdaeqvss, romelic Zveli aRTqmis mixedviT,

warmoadgens simdidris simbolos. apokalifsisi gvafrTxilebs, rom is, vinc miiRebs `mxecis~

niSans, gansakuTrebiT ewameba `gogirdiTa da cecxliT~. rac axlovdeboda babilonis tyveoba,

miT ufro mrisxane xdeboda winaswarmetyvelebebic. sofonia winaswarmetyveli gvamcnobs, rom

`gadaSendeba yvela movaWre, amowydeba yvela vercxlismtvirTveli~ (sof. 1,11).

amgvarad, rCeulma erma sameurneo Teokratia faqtobrivad dakarga da es, pirvel rigSi,

iyo Sedegi politikuri Teokratiis dakargvisa da monarqistuli mmarTvelobis SemoRebisa. ty-

veobidan Tavis daxsnis Semdeg iyo mcdelobebi sinas kanonmdeblobis aRdgenisa, magram mTliano-

baSi es ar moxerxda. neemia winaswarmetyveli gvamcnobs: `Cveni vaJebi da asulebi monebad unda

mivceT, zogierTi Cveni asulTagani ki ukve damonebulia. Zala aRara gvaqvs xelebSi. Cveni yanebi

da venaxebi sxvebs ekuTvnis~ (neem. 5,5). moses kanonis humanuri arsi SemdgomSic mravaljer

irRveoda. swored amitom eubneba ieso farisevlebs: `vai, Tqvenda, mwignobarno da farisevelno,

TvalTmaqcno, romlebic ixdiT meaTeds pitnisas, kamisas da kvliavisas, da dagitevebiaT is, rac

umTavresia sjulSi: samarTali, wyaloba da rwmena~ (maT. 23,23).

Merab Mikelashvili

The Principles of Economic Activity according to Old Testament

Resume

In the Old Testament, there are given moral sides of economic activities and involvement of the God in ag-ricultural activities. The norms of the Old Testament do not represent the Christian ideals; they are for fallen and peculiar characters, to suppress pride and therefore save mankind. Moses' norms of agricultural law are on per-fectly high morals comparing to contemporary norms of economic activities. There are examined the issues about labor, property, wealth, poverty; the touch of ten commandments with agricultural activities, securing the labor forces of the hired ones, issues of mortgage and agricultural loss, usury, trade and acres.

76

babulia (dodo) mRebriSvili

vazi, saqarTvelos ekonomika da qristianuli kultura

mevenaxeoba-meRvineoba mniSvnelovan rols asrulebda da dResac asrulebs qarTveli

xalxis yofa-cxovrebaSi, qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi. mas fesvebi saqarTvelos uZveles

warsulSi aqvs gadgmuli, rasac adasturebs qveynis sxvadasxva kuTxeSi Catarebuli arqeolo-

giuri gaTxrebi. vazma Tavisi gansakuTrebuli adgili qarTveli xalxis uZvelesi winaprebis

(xeTebis da subarebis) cxovrebaSi ukve neoliTis xanis dasasruls daikava. `Tbilisis

samxreTiT Sulaveris samarxSi napovnia yurZnis wipwebi, romelic Cvens welTaRricxvamde V

aTaswleuliT TariRdeba da romelic aq uZvelesi `moSinaurebuli~ vazis (vitis vinifera vinifera) moyvanis mowmobad SeiZleba CaiTvalos1.

vazi da misi nayofisgan damzadebuli Rvino qristeSobamdec iyo cnobili. Zvel aRqmaSi

isaaki Tavis Svils Semdegi sityvebiT locavs: `mogces RmerTma cvari cisa, sinoyivre miwisa,

uxvi xorbali da Rvino~ (dab. 27,28).

vazs qarTveli kaci yovelTvis didi siyvaruliT uvlida, gamohyavda vazis axali jiSebi,

srulyofda Rvinis warmoebis teqnologias da Sedegic saTanado miiRo - saqarTvelo vazisa da

Rvinis samSoblod Camoyalibda.

dReisTvis cnobilia qarTuli vazis 450-ze meti jiSi. maTi Seqmna mxolod perspeqtiu-

lad moazrovne mevenaxesa da meRvines SeeZlo. mxolod momavalze orientirebuli azrovnebiT

aris SesaZlebeli mosalodneli safrTxis Tavidan acileba da riskisgan Tavis dacva. rogorc

Cans, qarTvel mevenaxesa da meRvines es faqtori kargad hqondaT gaazrebuli. saukuneebis gan-

mavlobaSi, saqmis mimarT TavianTi damokidebulebiT, qarTvelma mevenaxeebma da meRvineebma mene-

jerebis saukeTeso Tvisebebi gamoavlines. maT, marTalia, risk-menejmentze warmodgenac ki ar

hqondaT, magram TavianT saqmianobas risk-menejmentis principebze dayrdnobiT warmarTavdnen.

vazis axal jiSebs isini bunebrivi pirobebis araxelsayreli mimarTulebiT Secvlis SemTxvevaSi

Tavis dasazRvevad da mosalodneli zaralis Tavidan asacileblad hqmnidnen.

vazis axali jiSebis Seqmna ara marto menejerul, aramed marketingul midgomasac efuZne-

boda. momxmarebelTa moTxovnilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT Seiqmna sxvadasxva daniSnulebiT gamosay-

enebeli vazis jiSebi: saRvine, sufris, saCamiCe, samurabe, sabadage-saCurCxele. qarTveli mevenax-

isa da meRvinis saqmis mimarT menejeruli da marketinguli damokidebulebis Sedegad vazis

roli qveynis ekonomikaSi TandaTanobiT amaRlda. yurZnis da misgan miRebuli produqtebis ga-

moyenebis sfero gafarTovda: puris naklebobis, SimSilis pirobebSi yurZeni xalxis sakvebad

gamoiyeneboda; misgan amzadebdnen da dResac amzadeben CamiCs, murabas, wvenebs, TaTaras an fela-

muSs da CurCxelas; yurZnis Rvino xels uwyobda qveynis ekonomikur siZlieres. is gasayidad

qveynis sazRvrebs gareTac gadioda. XII saukuneSi Rvino somxeTSi, midiaSi, sparseTis qalaq

ispahanSic ki gahqondaT2.

kargad icodnen ra vazisa da misi nayofis mniSvneloba qarTveli eris cxovrebaSi, qarT-

veli xalxis mtrebs ieriSi swored vazze, qarTul mevenaxeobaze mihqondaT. swored qveynis

ekonomikurad dauZlurebis mizniT gaikafa da ganadgurda venaxebi saqarTveloSi Temur-lengis

(XVI saukune) da Sah-abasis (XVII saukune) Semosevebis dros. saqarTvelos ekonomikur dasus-

tebas isaxavda miznad qarTuli Rvinis embargoc ruseTSi sul cota xnis win.

qarTveli mevenaxisa da meRvinis wvlili msoflio mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis ganviTarebaSi,

saqarTvelos ruseTTan SeerTebiT, TandaTanobiT miiCqmala. am faqtis winaaRmdeg gailaSqra wm.

1 http://vinehistory.com/29htm 2 javaxiSvili iv. Txzulebani Tormet tomad. tomi 5. Tbilisi, 1986, gv. 606.

77

ilia marTalma Tavisi naSromiT - `Rvinis qarTulad dayeneba~, romelsac, samwuxarod, carizmis

batonobis periodSi saqarTvelosTvis dadebiTi Sedegi ar mohyva. mdgomareoba arsebiTad ar

Secvlila sabWoTa wlebSic. piriqiT, ,,gegmis gamodevnebam~ qarTuli Rvinis warmoeba lamis

katastrofamde miiyvana. Rvinis grandiozuli falsifikacia saxelmwifo doneze mimdinareobda1.

qarTuli vazisa da Rvinis prestiJis aRsadgenad, qarTuli vazis jiSebisa da Rvinis war-

moebis qarTuli teqnologiis gadasarCenad, xelsayreli pirobebi saqarTvelos damoukideblobis

Semdeg Seiqmna. ganvlili 20 wlis manZilze am mimarTulebiT garkveuli samuSao Catarda, rac

ar aris sakmarisi da yurZnis warmoebis ganviTarebis amsaxveli maCveneblebis dinamikiTac das-

turdeba.

cxrili 1 yurZnis warmoebis dinamika saqarTveloSi 2007-2011 wlebSi2

cvlileba 2007 welTan SedarebiT

wlebi warmoebis moculoba

aTasi tona %-ad

+

-

2007 227.3 100 -

2008 175.8 77.3 - 51.5

2009 150.1 66.0 - 77.2

2010 120.7 53.1 - 106.6

2011 159.6 70.2 - 67.7

rogorc Cans, 2007 welTan SedarebiT 2011 wels yurZnis warmoebis moculoba saqarT-

veloSi 67.7 aTasi toniT Semcirda da 2007 wlis maCveneblis mxolod 70.2% Seadgina. saanal-

izo periodSi qveynisTvis yvelaze araxelsayreli mdgomareoba yurZnis warmoebaSi 2010 wels

iyo. am wels yurZnis warmoebis moculobam 2007 wlis analogiuri maCveneblis mxolod 53.1%

Seadgina.

saqarTveloSi mza saxiT sakvebad warmoebuli yurZnis mxolod mcire nawils moixmaren,

misi didi nawili ki Rvinis dasamzadeblad gamoiyeneba. ase, magaliTad, 2007 wels yurZnis war-

moebis mTlian moculobaSi sasursaTo moxmarebam Seadgina 160 aTasi tona, saidanac Rvinis sa-

warmoeblad gamoiyenes 145 aTasi tona. xolo mza saxiT sakvebad 15 aTasi tona. analogiur

mdgomareobas hqonda adgili danarCen wlebSic. rogorc Rvinis, ise mza saxiT sakvebad yurZnis

gamoyenebis maCveneblebi saqarTveloSi yvelaze dabali 2010 wels iyo. am wels yurZnis sasur-

saTo moxmarebam Seadgina 138 aTasi tona, saidanac mza saxiT sakvebad gamoiyenes 9 aTasi tona,

Rvinis dasamzadeblad ki 129 aTasi tona. yurZnis warmoebisa da gamoyenebis faqtobrivi maCvene-

blebi qarTuli mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis dargSi arsebul krizisze metyvelebs. es xdeba maSin,

roca saqarTveloSi 50-ze meti Rvinis kompania funqcionirebs (alaverdis monastris marani,

askaneli Zmebi, bagrationi, badagoni, bioRvino, Teliani veli, tyupebis Zveli marani, qimerioni,

Sumi, xareba, xoxbis cremlebi da a.S.).

mevenaxeoba asrulebda da momavalSic unda Seasrulos mniSvnelovani roli qveynis eko-

nomikaSi. am miznis misaRwevad aqcenti unda gakeTdes ekologiurad sufTa Rvinoebis warmoebasa

da maT Sesaxeb informaciis miznobrivi bazrebisTvis droulad miwodebaze.

Rvino Sedis im aT umsxviles sasaqonlo poziciaSi, romliTac saqarTvelo warmodgenilia

msoflio bazarze. bolo wlebSi yurZnis naturaluri Rvinoebi TiTqmis stabilurad inarCunebs

Tavis wils eqsportis mTlian moculobaSi, rac kargad Cans cxrilidan (2).

1 http://www.file.ge/?/?p=238756 2 saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris publikacia — saqarTvelos soflis meurneoba, Tb.,

2012.

78

Rvinis warmoebisa da realizaciis gazrdis potenciali qveyanaSi arsebobs. mxedvelobaSi

gvaqvs ara mxolod venaxebis farTobebis gazrda, aramed agraruli marketingis ganviTarebac.

agrarulma marketingma mTel msoflioSi unda gaavrcelos informacia qarTuli Rvinis Rirsebe-

bis Sesaxeb. bunebrivia, aRniSnuli advilad gadasaWreli amocana ar aris, magram, vfiqrobT, rom

ganxorcielebadia saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi gavrcelebuli

vazis jiSebis aRdgena-gaSenebisa da maRali xarisxis Rvinoebis warmoebis safuZvelze.

mniSvnelovania is faqtic, rom arsebobs Rvinis warmoebis qarTuli (`kaxuri~) wesi, rac

udidesi memkvidreobaa Tanamedrove qarTuli meRvineobisTvis.

cxrili 2

saqarTvelos yurZnis naturaluri Rvinoebis eqsportis dinamika 2007-2011 wlebSi1

wlebi Rvinis eqsporti

(aTasi aSS dolari)

Rvinis wili qveynis eqsportis mTlian

moculobaSi (%)

2007 29197 2,4

2008 36863 2.5

2009 31997 2.8

2010 41138 2.5

2011 54103 2.5

vazis mniSvnelovan rols saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi is garemoebac ganapirobebs, rom is

qarTveli xalxis sulieri cxovrebis Tanamgzavria. savaraudod, qarTvelTa vazis rtosgan

gakeTebuli jvriT gaqristianeba,Y qristeSobamde periodSi qarTveli kacisa da vazis urTier-

Tobam ganapiroba. albaT, SemTxveviT ar momxdara, rom RvTismSobelma wmida nino vazis rtosgan

gakeTebuli jvriT gamoagzavna saqarTveloSi qristianobis gasavrceleblad. qristianuli lit-

eraturidan cnobilia, rom wmida ninos xilva hqonda. mas yovladwmida qalwuli gamoecxada da

uTxra: `aha, warggzavni Cem wilxvdomil CrdiloeTis qveyanaSi, saqarTveloSi. wadi simxniT da

uSiSrad da mis mkvidrT WeSmariteba uqadage.~ SeZrwmunebulma wmidanma ar miiCnia Tavisi Tavi

amis Rirsad. maSin RvTismSobelma moWra iqve amosuli vazis rto, romlisganac jvari Seqmna,

misca da uTxra: `amiT daZlev eSmakis yvela manqanebas da warmarTav qadagebas, xolo me Sege-

wevi da ar dagtoveb~. Cvenebis Semdeg wmida ninom ixila, rom xelSi vazis jvari epyra.

SeZrwmunebulma adida ufali da RvTismSobeli2.

jvari vazisa, romliTac gaqristiandnen qarTvelebi, udidesi siwmidea. is didxans imyofe-

boda saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT. qarTvelTa dasacavad ufalma jvari vazisa saqarTveloSi

daabruna ruseTis imperator aleqsandres xeliT. dRes is sionis sakaTedro taZarSia dabr-

Zanebuli.

aRsaniSnavia, rom qristianuli qveynebidan vazis kulti mxolod saqarTveloSia. es arc

aris gasakviri. vazi RvTivkurTxeuli mcenarea, romlis meSveobiTac qarTveli xalxi WeSmarit

sarwnunoebas eziara. qarTveli xalxi valdebulia daicvas vazi, romlis rtodan gakeTebuli

jvriTac is gaqristianda. uflis wyalobiT, vazi did wvlils Seitans soflis gaZlierebaSi,

rasac, cxadia, didi Sromac dasWirdeba. dRes es SesaZlebelia. am mimarTulebiT nabiji gadadg-

mulia. saxelmwifom, eklesiam, mTelma qarTvelma xalxma ar unda daigvianos da gamoiyenos

vazis SesaZleblobebi qveynis ekonomikis gasaZliereblad.

1 saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris publikaciebi-saqarTvelos statistikuri weliwdeulebi 2009,

2010, 2011 da 2012 wlebSi. 2 wmida ninos cxovrebis vrceli versia da daujdomeli sagalobeli. marTmadidebluri seria: `naTeli qristesi~,

#1. Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 6.

79

vazi da qarTveli kaci yovelTvis axlos iyo erTmaneTTan es kavSiri kidev ufro unda

ganmtkicdes. ar unda daviviwyoT, rom qarTvelma xalxma Seqmna RvTismSoblis sagalobeli, ro-

melSic RvTismSobeli venaxs Seadara. `Sen xar venaxi, axlad ayvavebuli~ - naTqvamia saga-

lobelSi. RvTismSoblis vazisTvis Sedareba mis mimarT qarTveli kacis didi siyvarulis maCve-

nebelia. demetre I-is mier Seqmnilma sagalobelma saqarTvelos Tamar mefis xana moutana.

sul uaxloes warsulSi saqarTveloSi Seiqmna RvTismSoblis xati- `Sen xar venaxi~.

rwmena gvqondes, rom RvTismSoblis xati _ `Sen xar venaxi~ sagaloblis msgavsad, saqarTvelos

gabrwyinebis winamorbedi gaxdeba1.


1. mRebriSvili b. vazi da qarTuli civilizacia. J. `ekonomika da biznesi~. 2011, #6, gv. 75-82;

2. mRebriSvili b. menejeruli da marketinguli midgomis elementebi qarTuli mevenaxeoba-

meRvineobis ganviTarebaSi. Jurnali `ekonomika da biznesi~. 2009, #1, gv. 134-138;

3. mRebriSvili b. saeklesio biznesis ganviTarebis moraluri safuZvlebi. samecniero

konferenciis, - qristianoba da ekonomika, - moxsenebaTa krebuli. Tbilisi, 2010, gv. 109-115;

4. mRebriSvili b. qristianoba da mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi. samecniero

konferenciis, - qristianoba da ekonomika, - moxsenebaTa krebuli. Tbilisi, 2009, gv. 87-89;

5. wmida ninos cxovrebis vrceli versia da daujdomeli sagalobeli. marTmadidebluri seria:

`naTeli qristesi~, #1. Tbilisi, 2011;

6. javaxiSvili iv. Txzulebani Tormet tomad. tomi 5. Tbilisi, 1986;

7. saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris publikaciebi;

8. http://vinehistory.com/29htm

9. http://www.file.ge/?/?p=238756 10. http://www.amboini.ge/sen-xar-venaxi

Babulia (Dodo) Mgebrishvili

Vine, Georgian Economy and Christian Culture

Resume

The article discusses the role of vine in the development of Georgian economy and its ties with the Geor-

gian Christian culture. The author of the article considers the vine as an indivisible part of Georgian civilization. The development of vine culture, creation of more than 450 its Georgian types is related in the article with long-term thinking of Georgian vine-grower, carrying out activity by the managerial and marketing approach. The gradual increase of the role of vine in the development of the country’s economy is explained by the managerial and marketing thinking of Georgian vine-grower and wine-maker starting from ancient time to date.

In the article specific consideration is given to the existing crisis and those upheavals in the field of Geor-gian vine-growing and wine-making taken place in recent period; there are expressed views on the production of ecologically pure wines and the necessity of the development of agrarian marketing, restoration and cultivation of existing vine types in various regions of Georgia.

An important role of vine in the development of Georgian economy, in the opinion of the author, is ex-plained by its close ties with the spiritual life of Georgian people: Georgian man embraced the Christian faith with the cross made by the vine twig; grateful Georgian people created the church song on the Blessed Virgin and compared the Virgin with the vineyard; the icon of the Virgin – “You are a vineyard” was created recently. To the author’s belief, sacred vine will make a great contribution to the development of Georgian economy by the Lord’s help.

1 http://www.amboini.ge/sen-xar-venaxi

80

iza naTelauri

vazis jvari da qarTuli yurZnis naturaluri Rvinis

warmoeba: tradiciebi, problemebi, perspeqtivebi

qarTvelebisTvis, sarwmunoeba da vazi yovelTvis iyo wmindaTawminda. mxolod saqarTveloSia

cnobili vazis jvris kulti. mociqulTa sworma wminda ninom, icoda ra qarTvelebis

damokidebuleba vazisa da Rvinisadmi, sakuTari TmiT Sekruli vazis jvriT iqadaga qristes sjuli

saqarTveloSi, qristes naTeliT gaabrwyina samefo kari da qarTveloba, moaxdina gankurnebis

uamravi saswauli da aResrula mirian mefesTan gamomSvidobebis Semdeg. wmindanma mefe daloca. am

locviT gvinda mogmarToT yvelas: qalbatonebo da batonebo! „RmerTma wyaloba mogivlinoT, Tqveni

mfarveli iyos qristes jvari da ar mogklebodeT deda RvTisas meoxeba. amin“.

rac Seexeba yurZensa da Rvinos - samoTxis siTxed wodebuls, mosalxensa da mkurnals,

yurZnis naturaluri Rvino, yurZnis tkbilis duRilis an durdos sruli an nawilobrivi

alkoholuri duRilis Sedegad miRebuli produqtia. sxva sityvebiT, yurZnis naturaluri

Rvino, WaWaze an mis gareSe, axali an damWknari yurZnis wvenis alkoholuri duRilis Sedegad

miRebuli sasmelia1.

Rvinis samSoblo saqarTveloa. qvevris Rvino - gamorCeuli aromatis, sinazis, har-

moniulobis, xaverdovnebis, taninebis, sagemovno Tvisebebis da zemoqmedebis RvTaebrivi

TaiguliT,- qarTulia; mas saqarTvelos miwis, haeris, klimatisa da yurZnis surneli amkobs,

sayovelTaod aRiarebulia qvevrSi daduRebuli da davargebuli qarTuli yurZnis

naturaluri Rvinis mravalsaukunovani asaki, misi kvebiTi, samkurnalo da dieturi Rirebule-

bebi: a) qvevris Rvino mdidaria taniniT, ar xdeba misi qimiuri damuSaveba da igi xels uwyobs

adamianis organizmSi qolesterinis daSlas2; b) qvevris RvinoSi arsebuli aminomJava miCneulia

centraluri nervuli sistemis neiromediatorad3; g) sufris TeTri mSrali Rvino

rekomendebulia diabetiT daavadebuli im pacientebisTvis, romlebsac lipiduri cvlis tri-

gliceridebi normis farglebSi aqvT4; d) wiTeli Rvino, alkoholis amowvis Semdeg, sasar-

gebloa patara bavSvebisTvisac. Cveni winaprebi, alkoholis amowvis mizniT, wiTel RvinoSi

cxel naxSirs agdebdnen da Semdeg asmevdnen mas bavSvebs5 da a.S.

saxeobaTa mravalferovnebiT gamorCeuli, qarTuli yurZnis naturaluri Rvino Cveni

yofisa da kulturis nawilia. misi Taigulis formirebaSi dominirebs ori faqtori: 1)

qvevrSi Rvinis daduReba-davargebis tradicia6 da 2) qarTuli yurZnis unikaluri jiSebi:

CitisTvala, kaxuri mwvane, qisi, rqawiTeli, saferavi, xixvi (kaxeTi); Tavkveri, Cinuri, gorula,

goruli mwvane, Savkapito, asureTuli (qarTli); aleqsandrouli, wulukiZis TeTra, mujure-

Tuli, usaxelouri (raWa-leCxumi); CeWifeSi, Cergvali, ojaleSi haneSi (samegrelo); cicqa,

colikouri, TeTri kapistoni, ZelSavi, kraxuna, ocxanuri safere (imereTi); aladasturi,

Cxaveri, jani, kamuri TeTri sxilTubani (guria); brola, klarjuli, mtevandidi, sawuravi,

xofaTuri (aWara); amlaxu, avasirxva, kaWiWi(afxazeTi)7.

1 internetsaiti - http://winemaking.ge

2 internetsaiti - `Rvinis samkurnalo Tvisebebi~, http://www.cellar.ge, http://aversi.ge




6 Rlonti T., Rlonti z., qvevris Rvinis gamorCeuloba (riTi sjobs qvevris Rvino araqvevrisas), Tb., 2013.

7 Cveni Rirsebani, wigni pirveli, Tb., 2011, gv.101-141, http://www.myvideo.ge

81

saqarTveloSi Rvino iwarmoeba1

a)kupaJuri (iwarmoeba ramdenime jiSis yurZnis narevidan) da jiSobrivi (iwarmoeba erTi

jiSis yurZnidan); kupaJuri Rvinoebia: kaxeTis qvevris tradiciuli Rvino (mis warmoebaSi

gamoiyeneba rqawiTeli, mwvane kaxuri, qisi, xixvi da saferavi), winandali, gurjaani da

vazisubani (maT warmoebaSi gamoiyeneba rqawiTeli da mwvane kaxuri), kardenaxi (es Rvino

iwarmoeba rqawiTeliT, xixviT da mwvane qarTuliT), kaxeTi (mis warmoebaSi gamoiyeneba rqawi-

Teli, mwvane kaxuri, qisi da xixvi), kotexi (igi iwarmoeba rqawiTelis, mwvane kaxurisa da

saferavis nareviT), nafareuli (iwarmoeba rqawiTelisa da saferavis nareviT), Teliani

(iwarmoeba kaberne sovinionisa da saferavis nareviT), cqriala Rvino da atenuri (maT warmo-

ebaSi gamoiyeneba Cinuri da goruli mwvane), sviri (iwarmoeba cicqas, colikourisa da kraxunas

nareviT), xvanWkara (iwarmoeba aleqsandroulisa da mujureTulis nareviT). jiSobrivi

Rvinoebia: rqawiTeli (yurZnis jiSi - rqawiTeli), mwvane (mwvane kaxuri), qisi (qisi), xixvi

(xixvi), saferavi (saferavi), xaSmi (saferavi), manavi (mwvane kaxuri), tibaani (rqawiTeli), muku-

zani (saferavi), qinZmarauli, axaSeni da yvareli (saferavi,), Cinuri (Cinuri), goruli mwvane

(goruli mwvane), Tavkveri (Tavkveri), cicqa (cicqa), colikouri (colikouri), kraxuna (kra-

xuna), ocxanuri safere (ocxanuri safere), cqriala Rvino (cicqa), TeTra (raWuli TeTra),

colikouri (colikouri), aleqsandrouli (aleqsandrouli), usaxelouri (usaxelouri),

ojaleSi (orbeluri ojaleSi), tviSi (colikouri), ojaleSi (ojaleSi) da Cxaveri (Cxaveri).

b) ordinaruli (dauZvelebeli wynari Rvino. Rvino aris wynari, Tu is Seicavs

naxSirorJangs), samarko (daZvelebuli da maRalxarisxiani wynari Rvino) da sakoleqcio

(maRali xarisxis wynari Rvino, romelsac kasrebSi daZvelebis garda boTlebSic aZveleben 2-3

wlidan ganusazRvrel dromde). Rvinis daZveleba xdeba muxis kasrebSi, qvevrebSi, da sxv.

WurWelSi; qvevrSi Rvinis dayeneba (daduReba da davargeba) da daZveleba qarTuli meTodia. igi

8000 wlis istorias iTvlis da aRiarebulia iuneskos mier.

g) mSrali, naxevrad mSrali, naxevrad tkbili, portveini (masSi spirtis Semcveloba

20%-ze metia da magar Rvinos uwodeben) da sadeserto (alkoholis, taninebis, mJavianobisa da

Saqrianobis gaTvaliswinebiT; spirtis Semcvelobis mixedviT alkoholuri sasmelebi iyofa

magar, Zlier, saSualo da sust sasmelebad; magari alkoholuri sasmelia 66-96%-iani sufTa

spirti; Zlier alkoholur sasmelebSi spirti 31-65%-ia, maT miekuTvneba - tekila, WaWa, romi,

samagoni, koniaki, jini, viski, balzami da sxv.; saSualo alkoholur sasmelebSi spirti 9-30%-

ia. maT miekuTvneba - liqiori, Rvino da sxv.; dabal alkoholur sasmelebSi spirti 1,5-8%-ia.

am jgufs miekuTvneba ludi, kumisi, iaguari da sxv. mSral RvinoSi Saqari Seadgens 0,3%-s,

spirti 9%-s. es Rvinoebi aris mJave, aratkbili. masSi Saqari daduRebulia srulad; naxevrad

mSral RvinoebSi spirti 9-13%-ia, Saqari 0,5-3%; naxevrad tkbil RvinoebSi spirti 9-12%-ia,

Saqari 3-8%; tkbil RvinoebSi Saqari 8%-ze metia. [vikipedia - alkoholuri sasmelebi]);

sufris mSrali samarko Rinoebia: winandali, gurjaani, nafareuli, baxtrioni, manavi, vazis-

ubani, cicqa, colikouri, rqawiTeli, tibaani, Telavi, sviri, sameba, Teliani, yvareli, mukuzani;

sufris mSrali ordinaluri Rvinoebia: hereTi, gareji, gelaTi, kaxeTi, dimi, bodbe, SuamTa,

saferavi; naxevrad mSrali Rvinoebia: aguna, saCino, mTawminda, anakofia, Tbilisuri, firosmani,

barakoni; naxevradtkbili Rvinoebia: axmeta, tviSi, TeTra, Cxaveri, savane, fsou, alaznis veli,

xvanWkara, ojaleSi, qinZmarauli, axaSeni, Tavkveri, usaxelouri, afsni, lisni, aladasturi;

portveinia: kardanaxi, anaga, siRnaRi, iveria, kolxeTi, taribani, lelo, marabda; sadeserto

Rvinoebia: saamo, xixvi, salxino, afxazeTis Taiguli.

1 xarbedia m. qarTuli Rvinis gzamkvlevi. Tbilisi, gamomcemloba Sps „media hausi dekomi“, 2013; i, naTelauri.

yurZnis naturaluri Rvinis saeqsporto warmoeba saqarTveloSi: retrospeqtiva da perspeqtiva. Jurn. „ekono-

misti“, 2013, №3; http:// ucnauri.com

82

d) cqriala, SuSxuna da aromatizebuli (cqrialaa Rvino, romelic mzaddeba 12 Tviani

daZvelebiT, maRali xarisxis saSampanure jiSis yurZnidan, magaliTad, cicqadan; SuSxunaa Rvino,

romelic naxSirorJangis gazis buStukebs Seicavs. es gazi daduRebis Tana produqts warmo-

adgens; aromatizirebulia Semagrilebeli Rvino, romelSic damatebulia aromatuli nivTie-

rebebi, balaxebi, xili, yvavilebi da sxv.);

e) TeTri, wiTeli da vardisferi (Rvinis fers gansazRvravs yurZnis marcvlis kani,

wipwebi da klerti. TeTri Rvinoebi mzaddeba vazis TeTryurZniani jiSebis nayofidan: rqa-

wiTeli, kaxuri mwvane, xixvi, qisi, kaxuri mcvivani, Cinuri, goruli mwvane, colikouri, cicqa,

kraxuna, raWuli TeTra, sakmiela, avasirxva. wiTeli Rvinoebi mzaddeba vazis wiTelyurZniani

jiSebis nayofidan: saferavi, Tavkveri, Savkapito, ocxanuri, safere, aleqsandrouli, mu-

jureTuli, usaxelouri, ZelSavi, orbeluri, ojaleSi, Cxaveri. vardisferi Rvinoebi mzaddeba

TeTri da wiTeli jiSebis yurZnis narevidan)

Cveni kvlevis miznidan gamomdinare, SemovifargleT, saqarTveloSi Rvinis warmoebis sami

periodiT: sabWoTa kavSiris Seqmnamde periodiT, sabWoTa periodiT da postsabWoTa periodiT.

qarTuli Rvinis warmoeba, sabWoTa periodamde jiSuri mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeoda.

didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda Rvinis qarTuli meTodiT warmoebas. es tendencia SenarCunebul

iqna gasuli saukunis 40-ian wlebamde. am periodSi iwarmova 60-mde dasaxelebis Rvino, m.S. 12

tradiciuli meTodiT. samtrestis Seqmnis Semdeg ganxorcielda Rvinis jiSobrivi unifikacia,

Seicvala misi xarisxobrivi da Tvisobrivi maxasieTeblebi. wina planze wamoiwia raodenobrivma

maCveneblebma. warmoebidan gaqra Rvinis mravali saxeoba, Seicvala numeracia. politikuri

damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg dasabami mieca qarTuli Rvinis istoriaSi axal periods1.

- gaCnda Rvinis axali kompaniebi. Rvinis mwarmoebeli kompaniebis ricxvi Cvens qveyanaSi

amJamad 74-ia. maTi umetesi nawili ganlagebulia kaxeTSi,- 35 kompania da TbilisSi,- 27

kompania. danarCeni 12 kompaniidan, oTxi mdebareobs qarTlSi, oTxi imereTSi da TiTo-TiTo

aWaraSi, guriaSi, raWaSi da samegreloSi. kaxeTis regionSi Rvinis mwarmoebel ZiriTad

raionebs warmoadgenen Telavi, gurjaani, axmeta da yvareli. garda am raionebisa, kaxeTis

teritoriaze, Rvinos awarmoeben agreTve siRnaRic da sagarejoc;

- gaizarda jiSobrivi da kupaJuri Rvinoebis ricxvi. 2013 wlis monacamebiT, Rvinis

mwarmoebeli kompaniebis mier, kaxeTis regionSi iwarmova - qarTuli qvevris tradiciuli,

rqawiTeli, mwvane, qisi, xixvi, saferavi, xaSmi, winandali, gurjaani, vazisubani, manavi,

kardenaxi, tibaani, kaxeTi, kotexi, nafareuli, mukuzani, Teliani, qinZmarauli, axaSeni da

yvareli; qarTlSi - Cinuri, goruli mwvane, Tavkveri, cqriala Rvino da atenuri; imereTSi -

cicqa, colikouri, kraxuna, ocxanuri safere, sviri da cqriala Rvino, raWa-leCxumSi - TeTra,

colikouri, aleqsandrouli, usaxelouri, xvanWkara da tviSi, samegreloSi - ojaleSi;

- qarTulma Rvinom Rirseulad gauZlo rusul embargos. warmatebiT SeaRwia msoflios

ramdenime axali qveynis bazarze.

qarTuli meRvineobis ganviTarebaSi arsebobs realuri rezervebi, gansakuTrebiT re-

sursebiT uzrunvelyofis TvslsazrisiT. kerZod, cnobili faqtia, rom miwebis privatizacias

postsabWoTa periodis dasawyisSi Tan mohyva venaxebis aCexva da vazis Canacvleba parkosani

sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebiT (xorbali, qeri, simindi da sxv.). vazis nawili gaanadgura

Wraqma da nacarma. sirTuleebi warmoiSva miwis damuSavebisa da vazis movlis saSualebebis

deficitTan dakavSirebiTac. venaxebis farTobi Semcirda samjer. maTi axlad ganaSenianeba, es

erTi umniSvnelovanesi rezervia. meorea arsebuli venaxebis meCxerianobis Semcireba2,

gansakuTrebiT ozurgeTis, Coxatauris, kaspis, xaSurisa da onis raionebSi. moTxovnis zrdis

1 xarbedia m. qarTuli Rvinis gzamkvlevi. Tbilisi, gamomcemloba „media housi dekomi“, 2013, gv. 266-267.

2 erqomaiSvili g. mewarmeobis formirebisa da ganviTarebis Taviseburebebi saqarTveloSi. Tb., Tsu gamomcemloba,

2004, gv. 185-199.

83

kvalobaze amoqmeddeba danakargebis SemcirebasTan da mosavlianobis zrdasTan dakavSirebuli

sxva rezervebic.

calke gansjis sagania ekonomikur gangariSebaTa meTodika. amjerad es sakiTxi Cveni kvle-

vis farglebs scildeba.

roca vmsjelobT qarTuli yurZnis naturaluri Rvinis warmoeba-moxmarebaze, gverds ver

avuvliT eqsportis sferoSi arsebul seriozul problemebs, romelTaganac gansakuTrebiT mni-

Svnelovania Semdegi1:

a. qarTuli yurZnis naturaluri Rvinis aracnobadoba. qarTuli yurZnis naturaliri

Rvinoebi wlebis manZilze, orientirebuli iyo ZiriTadad ruseTis bazarze. 2006 wlis embar-

gos Semdeg igi iZulebiT gadanacvlda ucxoeTis sxva qveynebis bazrebze, ramac Seqmna aracnoba-

dobis problema;

b. fasebi. qarTuli yurZnis naturaluri Rvinis fasebi maRalia. specialistebi fasebis

zrdis mizezad asaxeleben transportirebis gazrdil fasebs. mxedvelobaSia misaRebi yurZnis

Sesyidvisa da realizaciis fasTasxvaobac, Sesyidvis fasebis sasargeblod.

g. brendi. msoflio bankis rekomendaciiT saqarTvelos, rogorc nebismier sxva patara

qveyanas, meRvineobis ganviTarebaSi daexmareba brendis problemis mogvareba. qveyanas sWirdeba

brendi, romelic asicirebuli iqneba saqarTvelosTan. qarTveli meRvineebis xedva am sakiTxTan

dakavSirebiT Semdegia: problema mogvardeba Tuki mas mxars dauWers yvela mewarme mevenaxeoba-

maRvineobis sferoSi. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi problemis mogvareba SeuZlebeli iqneba;

d. resursebi. vazis tradiciuli jiSebis gaSeneba meRvineobis ganviTarebis umniSvnelova-

nesi problemaa saqarTveloSi.

e. falsifikacia. falsifikacia gadauWreli problema iyo sabWoTa periodis saqarTveloSi.

amJamad igi gaukontrolebelia glexuri Rvinoebis warmoebaSi, romelic ZiriTadad moixmareba

qveynis SigniT. falsifikacia ar unda gaxdes Rvinis uvneblobis normebis darRvevis mizezi;

v. xarisxi. Rvinis xarisxi pirvel rigSi damokidebulia yurZnis xarisxze: dasrulebuli

simwife, Saqrianoba, taninebi, mJavianoba da a.S. cnobili faqtia, rom venaxebSi jer vazis da

Semdeg mosavlis gadasarCenad gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva saxis Sxamqimikatebi. safrTxe eqmneba

produqciis uvneblobas. Sxamqimikatebi mniSvnelovnad cvlis Rvinis sagemovno faseulobas da

did zians ayenebs mis popularizacias.

T. fors-maJori. mevenaxeoba-meRvineobaSi gansakuTrebul rols asrulebs klimati (mziani

amindi, wvima, qari, setyva). kaxeTSi gazafxulze da Semodgomaze xSiria stiqiiT gamowveuli

zarali. fors-maJorul situaciaSi aucilebeli xdeba mosavlis adreuli aReba. yurZnis dazia-

nebis xarisxi ar unda aRematebodes 5%-s fors-maJorul situaciaSi aqtiurad ereva saxelmwi-

fo. struqturebi. aucilebeli xdeba finansuri daxmarebis gaweva.

rac Seexeba momavals, perspeqtivaSi Cveni azriT angariSgasawevia Semdegi friad

mniSvnelovani garemoeba: qarTvelebi, rogorc wesi, bevr Rvinos movixmarT, lxinSi, Wirsa (300-

400 kacian sufrebze) da yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi. yurZnis naturaluri Rvinis ZiriTadi maxa-

siaTeblebi: alkoholi, mJavianoba, Saqrianoba da taninebi, diferencirebulia saqarTvelos

sxvadsxva regionSi warmoebul sxvadasxva RvinoSi. maTTan aris harmonizebuli adgilobrivi

samzareuloebi (kerZebi). qarTuli tradiciis mixedviT, Rvino miirTmeva kerZebTan erTad.

Rvinisa da kerZebis saukeTeso wyvilebia2:

- qarTuli cqriala Rvinoebi - oraguli, xizilala, Cinuri samzareulo (suSi), msubuqi

deserti. ar uxdeba wiwakiani kerZebi, niori da Sokoladi;

1 ra unda vicodeT saqarTvelodan evrokavSiris bazarze alkoholiani da ualkoholo sasmelebisa da wylis sa-

saqonlo produqciis eqsportisaTvis. Tb., evrokavSiri-saqarTvelos biznessabWo, 2012. 2 xarbedia m. qarTuli Rvinis gzamkvlevi. Tbilisi, gamomcemloba Sps „media hausi dekomi“, 2013.

84

- rqawiTeli - martivi sadilebi, yveli, kartofiliani kerZebi da salaTebi, xorciani wvniani,

mwvane lobio, xaWapuri da Rvezelebi;

- winandali - qaTami, salaTebi, mSrali yvelebi, kiborCxala da zRvis produqtebi, mo-

xarSuli Tevzi, indauri da qaTmis TeTri xorci;

- muxaSi davargebuli rqawiTeli - lori, sunelebSi damzadebuli kalmaxi, saqonlis tvini,

Semwvari qaTami da indauri;

- mwvane, xixvi, qisi - zRvis produqtebi, msubuqi salaTebi, Txis yveli, orTqlze moxarSuli

Tevzi. nigvziani mwvane lobio;

- Cinuri da goruli mwvane - mwvane salaTebi, moxarSuli TeTri xorci da Tevzeuli;

- colikouri - mWadi da yveli, fxali da prasi, tyemalSi Cawyobili dedali, badrijani,

xaWapuri;

- kraxuna - Caqafuli, Samfurze Semwvari qaTami, moxarSuli ena, TeTri Rvinis sanelebiani

wiwili,

- raWuli TeTra - fxlovanebi, xaWapuri, soko, baJeSi Cawyobili qaTami;

- kaxuri qvevris Rvino (taninebiani) - aRmosavlur-qarTuli samzareulo. cximiani, msuye

saWmelebi, nivriani, sunelebiani, mware kerZebi, gudis yveli, dambali xaWo, xaSlama, Sila,

Caqafuli, Samfurze Semwvari kalmaxi da qaTami, bozbaSi, tolma, xbos beWi da sacivi;

- tviSi - xili, xilis salaTebi, nuSi, biskvitebi, msubuqi namcxvrebi, paska, moxarSuli

simindi, gogra, Cacivebuli nesvi, korkoti;

- aisvaini, gviani mosavlis TeTri Rvino - deserti, xalva, raxaT luxumi, karameliani

nayini, xilis salaTebi;

- vardisferi Rvinoebi (Caciebuli) - yvelebi, soko, xaWapuri, pica, salaTebi, lori,

Zexveuli, xili, Zvirfasi yvelebi;

- saferavi - mwvadi, yaurma, Zvirfasi magari yvelebi, yoveldRiuri kerZebi;

- Teliani - saqonlis steiki, xbos mwvadi da moxarSuli ena;

- qarTluri wiTeli Rvinoebi - Semwvari kurdReli sawebelSi, xbos CaSuSuli, soko,

raWuli kerZebi,- lori, batis SaSxi, lobiani, amolesili da nigvziani lobio;

- ojaleSi - megruli kerZebi: Semwvari cikani, kuWmaWi, kupati, Semwvari goWi;

- qinZmarauli (taninebiani Rvino) - wiTeli xili da wiTeli xilis namcxvrebi, kargad

daZvelebuli gudis yveli.

- xvanWkara da usaxelouri - lobiani, loriani amolesili lobio, wiTeli xilis,

msubuqi namcxvrebi, felamuSi, CurCxela, qiSmiSi, Cirebi, Semwvari gogra.

sufrasTan jer midis TeTri Rvino, mas enacvleba vardisferi Rvino da bolos midis

wiTeli (magari) Rvino. mSrali Rvino yovelTvis win uswrebs naxevradmSral, naxevradtkbil

da tkbil Rvinoebs. sadilis saukeTeso damagvirgvinebelia magari sasmelebi - koniaki, maRali

xarisxis WaWa da sxvadasxva nayenebi.

naTqvamisa da im angariSgasawevi garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom globaluri bazris

poziciidan saqarTvelos mier SeTavazebuli Rvino raodenobrivad cotaa, sastarto fasi ki

maRali, umjobesi iqneba mis adgilobriv moxmarebaze orientacia, miT ufro, rom saqarTvelo

Rvinis samSobloa. amasTan, qarTuli Rvinis adgilze moxmareba

1. gadaarCens qarTuli yurZnis naturaluri Rvinis moxmarebis mravalsaukunovan tradicias,

rac Zalzed mniSvnelovania;

2. xels Seuwyobs, RvinosTan erTad, qarTuli samzareulos popularizacias;

3. gazrdis moTxovnas turizmis gafarToebasa da ganviTarebaze;

4 astimulirebs infrastruqturis (sastumroebi, restornebi, kafeebi, master klasebi, Rvi-

nosTan dakavSirebuli aqsesuarebisa da suvenirebis warmoeba da sxv.) ganviTarebas;

85

5. SesaZlebels gaxdis qveynis SigniT socialuri problemebis (dasaqmeba, Semosavlebis

gazrda da sxv.) nawilobriv mogvarebas;

6. astimulirebs Rvinis xarisxis gaumjobesebasa da warmoebis gafarTiebas, rogorc

kompaniebSi ise glexur meurneobebSi;

7. moxsnis falsifikaciis problemas glexuri Rvinis warmoebaSi.

qarTuli Rvinis irgvliv am gziT gaerTiandeba monaTesave dargebis uamravi firma da

organizaciuli TvalsazrisiT Seiqmneba Rvinis klasteri. Rvinis samSobloSi Rvinis klasteri

Rvinis eqsportis saukeTeso alternativaa. igi qarTul Rvinos gaxdis cnobads mis bunebriv

garemoSi, erTmaneTTan daaxlovebs momxmarebelTa SesaZleblobebsa da mwarmoebelTa (mim-

wodebelTa) survilebs, moxsnis erTiani brendis problemas; Seamcirebs xarjebsa da gazrdis

Semosavlebs.

dasasrul, kvlav wminda ninos locviT mogmarTavT:

„ufalo, ieso qriste, RmerTo Cveno, moiRe wyaloba da moavline kurnebis madli Cvenze“.

dae, ufalma mogivlinoT wyaloba yvelas da moiRos warmatebebis, winsvlis, ekonomikuri aR-

mavlobis madli Cvens qveyanaze, Cvens partnior qveynebsa da qveynierebaze saerTod. amin!

Iza Natelauri

The Vine Cross and Natural Wine Production of Georgian Grapes: Traditions, Problems and Prospects

Resume

In Georgia the Christian faith, vine and natural wine of Georgian grapes made (fermented and aged) in the

pitcher is the holiest. The cult of vine cross is only known in Georgia. Miraculous icon of the holy Virgin and ,,Iambiko” (poetry) written by Demetre the first and chanting "Shen khar venakhi"( You are the vineyard) belongs to Georgian people.

Georgia is a country of wine. Georgian wine is the oldest in the world. It is dated back to the period of 8000 years before Christ.

Taking into consideration the traditions of the past and the prospects of the future, we analyzed the trends of production - consumption of natural wine of Georgian grapes. In our proposal is given the idea of cluster model of development of this field. We believe that the wine cluster will save the centuries tradition of natural wine con-sumption of Georgian grapes; it will promote, along with wine, the popularization of Georgian cuisine, will in-crease the demand for expansion and development of tourism, stimulate the development of infrastructure, will enable to solve the social problems partially inside the country, stimulate improvement of wine quality and expan-sion of production, as in company as well as in the peasant economies and removing the problem of falsifications in peasant wine industry.

86

nino papaCaSvili

Sromisadmi qristianTa damokidebulebis aspeqtebi

Sroma, rogorc adamianis umTavresi qmedeba, ekonomikuri miznis misaRwevad klasikuri

ekonomikuri Teoriis amosavali postulatia. araerTi mosazreba arsebobs imis Taobaze, rom

qveynis ekonomikur warmatebaSi gansakuTrebulad didi rols asrulebs Sromisadmi adamianTa

gulmodgine damokidebuleba, am Rirebulebas (faseulobas) ki sxva faqtorebTan erTad

ayalibebs sarwmunoeba da misgan momdinare eTikuri normebi, tradiciebi, wes-Cveulebebi. aR-

niSnulidan gamomdinare, interess iwvevs qristianTa damokidebuleba Sromisadmi, misi gamomxat-

veli sibrZne da magaliTebi, rasac wminda werili gvTavazobs. sayuradReboa aseve, rogor ais-

axeba wminda weriliT gadmocemuli Sromisadmi damokidebuleba qristianTa Tanamedrove yofaSi,

an ramdenad sworad aqvT gacnobierebuli Sromisadmi Sesabamisi damokidebuleba im adamianebs,

romlebic Tavs qristianebad miiCneven.

wminda werilSi mravali miniSnebaa Sromisadmi damokidebulebis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, `Ze

kacisai ara movida, raiTamca imsaxuros, aramed msaxurebad~ (maT. 20, 28) – msaxureba pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT fizikur da inteleqtualur SromaSi vlindeba. upirveles yovlisa, fizikuri

Sromis aucileblobaa xazgasmuli, roca wminda werili gvamcnobs, rom ufalma ieso qristem,

rogorc ki fizikuri Sromis SeZlebis asaks miaRwia, Sroma daiwyo. Tavisi xeliT muSaobda –

iyo durgali, amuSavebda xes, akeTebda kar-fanjrebs da sxva danarCens, rac xisgan keTdeba. am

saqmiT igi ocdaaT wlamde iyo dakavebuli. mas ara marto xuro iosebis vaJs eZaxdnen, rogorc

amas maTe maxarebeli ambobs: `anu ara ese arsa xuroisa mis Ze?~ (maT. 13, 55), aramed ubralod

xurosac, markozis saxarebis mixedviT: `anu ara ese ars xuroi igi, Ze mariamisi?~ (mark. 6, 3).

vidre marTali iosebi cocxali iyo, ieso muSaobda da masTan erTad iRvwoda, dakavebuli iyo

mxolod xelobiT; igi mamas yvelaferSi exmareboda. `rogorc batonebs, ise daemorCileba Tavis

mSoblebs~ (zir. 3, 7). sayuradReboa isic, rom Sromisadmi damokidebulebas ieso ojaxidan

iRebs da rogorc misi mSoblebi udidesi Sromis fasad moipovebdnen lukma-purs, aseve

moeTxoveboda ufalsac maTTan erTad Sroma. wmida basili didi aRniSnavs, rom: ,,Tanaxmad siyr-

mis asakisa, igi emorCileboda mSoblebs, sulgrZelebiTa da simSvidiT itanda yvela duxWir

Sromas~. marTali iosebis sikvdilis Semdeg ufali marto agrZelebda am xelobas. es iyo

uxeSi, mZime saqme da simdidre ar mohqonda. `Ze kacisai ara movida, raiTamca imsaxuros, aramed

msaxurebad~ (maT. 20, 28). Sromis miznobriobaSi pirvel rigSi unda gamovyoT magaliTis micema

yvelasTvis. ufali mianiSnebs, rom uqmad ar mjdariyvnen, da amasTan, Tavisive magaliTiT aswav-

lida adamianebs, ar eTakilaT aranairi xeloba, romelic SeiZleba, yvelaze mdabali da uRirsi

iyos, magram adamianisaTvis cxonebis saqmeSi ar SeiZleba damabrkoleblad CaiTvalos. SesaZle-

belia paraleli gavavloT im adamianebTan, romelTac winamZRolis funqcia akisriaT. amasTan,

ufali Sromobda imitom, rom mas, rogorc adamians, hqonoda raime, riTac SeeZlo cxovreba da

amiT daxmareboda dedas, sxva uqonelT da Raribebs. arsebobisaTvis SromsTan erTad, rac ga-

moixateba, magaliTad, ,,ukueTu visme ara enebis saqmis, nuca Wamn~, sayuradReboa isic, rom Tu

adamians SeuZlia Sroma, ar unda iqces sxvis tvirTad - ,,da arcaRa cudad puri visganme vWa-

meT, aramed SromiTa da rudunebiTa Rame da dRe viqmodeT, raiTa aravis Tquengansa daumZimoT~

(2 Tes. 3, 8). fizikuri Sromisadmi mimarTeba, cxadia, udidesi sibrZniT dadgenilia, radgan

Sromisadmi msgavsi damokidebulebis Sedegi zneobrivi cxovrebis wesis damkvidrebaa. Sromis

magaliTis micema uqnarebs da zarmacebs ubiZgebs muSaobisken da amasTan, arsebobisaTvis au-

cilebeli saxsrebis mopovebis swori gzisken miuTiTebs (,,ar iparo”).

87

fizikur SromasTan gaigivebulia inteleqtualuri Sromis mniSvneloba. magaliTad,

rogorc wm nikodimos mTawmindeli miuTiTebs, ,,maS, iswavle Sromismoyvareoba ara angelozebis-

agan, aramed Tavad yvela angelozisa da adamianis Semoqmedisagan.

Tu Sen patriarqi xar, maSin mibaZe WeSmarit samyaros patriarqs qristes da gaxsovdes,

rom Senc gargebs cota waimuSao d gadawere xelnawerebi, an Tavad were raimeze, an raime sxva

sulieri saqme wamoiwye, raTa Seasrulo Seni vali eklesiis swavlebebisadmi, radgan amiT

SeZleb, daicva Seni Canafiqri, miscem karg da sasargeblo magaliTs samwysos da aRasruleb mo-

ciqulis mcnebas, romelic gvauwyebs: imitom, rom visac muSaoba ar unda, man arc unda Wamos,

rogorc amcno pavle mociqulma Tesalonikel qristianebs: ase iqceodnen Zveli patriarqebic

oqropiri, grigoli, aTanase, kirile, evlogi da maTTan erTad neqtariosi, dosiTeosi, qrisante,

ieremia da antioqiis uwmidesi patriarqi silibistro, romelmac ganuCina Tavis Tavs, yovel

dRe sami saaTis ganmavlobaSi xatebi ewera. Tu Sen mRvdelmTavari xar, maS, mibaZe udidesi

mRvdelmTavrebis magaliTs, aseve sxva uamrav Zvel mRvdelmTavars. Tuki Sen moZRvari an beri

xar, maSin kidev ufro metad gWirdeba mibaZo ieso qristes raime xelobis dauflebaSi an xel-

saqmeSi. imitom, rom xelsaqme, wmida isaakis sityvebiT, rogorc alikapi, ise eRobeba mconar-

obis gaCenas. gamomuSavebuli fuliT ki SegiZlia, gaWirvebul Zmebs daexmaro.

amitom yvela mama, romelTac ,,moRvawe~ ewodebaT, rogorc magaliTad, ioane kibisaRm-

wereli, efremi, esaia, evagre, gansakuTrebiT ki basili didi (Zalian xSirad Tavis ,,wesebi

monazvnebisas~ ganyofilebebSi) wmida werilidan uflis magaliTiT gviCveneben, rom fizikuri

xelsaqme sasargeblo da mSvenieria. amaze amba isaaki ase wers: `Sveba da mconaroba sulisTvis

damRupvelia, igi demonebs saSualebas aZlevs, gvavnon. da rogorc adamiania orbunebovani, anu

Sedgeba sxeulisa da sulisagan, misi Sromac orbunebovani unda iyos. suli gonieri da ganuwy-

veteli locviT unda iyos dakavebuli, xolo sxeuli - muSaobiTa da xelsaqmiT~.

(http://sibrdzne.ge/index.php?tema_id=121&liter_id=53) bunebrivia, Cndeba kiTxva qarTvel qristianTa Sromisadmi damokidebulebis Sesaxeb. dRe-

vandel etapze ar mogveca saSualeba es sakiTxi farTod Segveswavla, magram sxvadasxva soci-

ologiuri gamokiTxvebidan miRebul Sedegebze dayrdnobiT SesaZlebeli garkveuli warmodgena

Segveqmnas aRniSnuli damokidebulebis Sesaxeb. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom xSir SemxvevaSi

adamianebi Tavs religiurad miiCneven, magram qcevasa da yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi rogor aisaxeba

es, ver xsnian. Tumca, damkvidrebuli cxovrebis wesi da Camoyalibebuli xedva zogadad asaxavs

morwmune adamianis damokidebulebas ama Tu im Rirebulebisadmi.

2002 wlis saqarTvelos mosaxleobis sayovelTao aRweriT gamovlinda, rom mosaxleobis

88,6%

qristiania (mosaxleobis 83,9% _ marTlmadidebeli)(ix. cxrili 1). 2008 wels World Values Survey-is farglebSi Catarebuli kvlevis mixedviT ama Tu im sarwmunoebas Tavs miakuTvnebs

saqarTvelos mosaxleobis 93,4% (http://www.wvsevsdb.com/wvs/WVSData.jsp?Idioma=I). mecnier n.

sumbaZis mier Catarebuli kvlevis mixedviT, romelmac 1058 respondenti moicva, gamokiTxulTa

umravlesoba _ 93,4 % marTlmadidebelia, 1,7 % _ kaToloke, 0,6 % _ grigorianeli, 1,0 % ar

aris morwmune, danarCeni _ sxva aRmsareblobas miekuTvneba (n. sumbaZe, Taobebi da Rirebulebebi,

Tb., 2012, gv. 53). Cans, rom zusti ricxvis dadgena rTulia, ramdenia dReisaTvis qristianuli, m.

S. marTlmadidebluri, aRmsareblobis, magram cxadia, rom isini umravlesobas Seadgenen.

aRniSnulidan gamodinare, SesaZleblia zogadad saqarTveloSi qristianTa damokidebulebebze

Segviqmnas warmodgena qvemoT moyvanilma gamokiTxvis Sedgebma.

magaliTad, kiTxvaze, Tu ramden saaTs muSaoben dReSi, 245 gamokiTxulidan 9,8%-ma

upasuxa, rom muSaobs 6 saaTze naklebs; 4,08%-ma _ 7 saaTs; 14,69%-ma _ 8 saaTs; 37,55%-ma _

88

9saaTs da mets; 33,88%-ma _ umuSevari var (http://forum.ge/?f=29&showtopic=34436405&st=45). rogorc Cans, gamokiTxulTagan udidesi nawili 9 saaTze mets muSaobs.

cxrili 1.

wyaro: saqarTvelos mosaxleobis 2002 wlis pirveli erovnuli sayovelTao aRweris Sedegebi

tomi I, saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, Tb. 2003, http://www.geostat.ge

zemoaRniSnuli msoflio Rirebulebebis (http://www.wvsevsdb.com/wvs/WVSData.jsp?Idioma=I) kvlevis masalebze dayrdnobiT irkveva, rom gamokiTxulTa 24,8%-sTvis (497) ,,sicocxle Rirs

muSaobisTvis~, nawili – 7,2% (145) upiratesobas dasvenebas aniWebs, udidesi nawili ki – 36% _

ufro gawonasworebul damokidebulebas amJRavnebs (5 baliani Sefasebidan 3 mianiWa).

gamokiTxulTagan (1860) 92,6%-ma miuTiTa, rom kargi gasamrjeloa mniSvnelovani muSaobisas.

samuSaos prestiJulobas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba mianiWa 43,8%-ma (879). sapasuxismgeblo

samuSao, rogorc Cans, naklebad mimzidvelia (mxolod 27,8% (559) aRniSnavs 100%-dan), magram

samuSao rom saintereso unda iyos, 64,7% (1300) aucileblad miiCnevs. naSromis dasawyisSi

ojaxis mniSvnelobaze gavamaxvileT yuradReba Sromisadmi damokidebulebis CamoyalibebaSi da

xazgasasmelia, rom sazogadoebrivi azris TiTqmis yvela kvleva, sadac ojaxia ganxiluli

rogorc Rirebuleba, adasturebs mis uaRresad maRal mniSvnelobas da umaRles maCvenebels

uaxlovdeba. magaliTad, 18-24 wlis asakis adamianebisTvis 100-dan 98,4%-s ikavebs ojaxi,

rogorc Rirebuleba, 40-50 wlis asakisTvis _ 96,9%-s; 40-50 wlis asakisTvis _ 96,9%-s;

60-70 wlis asakisTvis _ 95,5%-s; saSualo maCvenebelia _ 97,1% (n. sumbaZe, Taobebi da

Rirebulebebi, Tb., 2012, gv. 57).

Tu SevudarebT qristianul damokidebulebas Sromisadmi da Rirebulebebis kvlevis

Sedegebs, SeiZleba garkveuli paralelebi gavavloT. qarTvel qristianTa damokidebulebas

SeiZleba ufro vuwodoT ,,sicocxle Rirs muSaobisa da dasavenebisTvis~; Tumca, samuSaos

prestiJuloba ar miiCnia mniSvnelovnad udidesma nawilma (56,2%), rac, erTi mxriv,

savaraudod umuSevrobiT gamowveuli mwvave problemis gamoZaxilia, magram gvafiqrebinebs

89

imasac, rom qristianuli Rirebulebis gamovlenaa; ojaxis, rogorc umaRlesi Rirebulebis

aRqma ki gvaZlevs safuZvels davaskvnaT, rom Sromisadmi (qristianuli) damokidebuleba swored

aq unda Camoyalibdes da umuSevrobis problema, rogorc Cans, mxolod mimdinare problema ar

aris.

Papachashvili Nino

Some Aspects of Dependence of Christians towards the Labour

Resume

Some aspects of dependence of Christians towards the labor are discussed in the work. It is noted that the work in the Christian Religion is considered as an unconditional action for life . The article presents the informa-tion about Georgians' attitude toward the labor, which is based on a variety of sociological research. For 21,5 % of respondents ,,it’s work that makes life worth for living” vice versa of 8,9 % of respondents - ,,it’s leisure that makes life worth for living”. Important in a job is ,,good pay” for 92,6% of respondents; ,,respected job” - for 43,8%; ,,responsible job” – for 27,8%; ,,job that is interesting” – for 64,7%. If compare Christian attitudes and Georgians values towards the work, we can draw some parallels. The attitude may be called - ,,both leisure and work make life worth for living”. That fact that ,,Respected job” is not considered as significant value (56.2 % ) is likely to be caused by unemployment problem, but, also, may suggests that it is reflection of Christian value. For mostly part of respondents family is a higher value. We can conclude that Christian attitude toward the labor must formed in the family and it seems that the unemployment problem isn’t only the current problem.

90

nugzar samxaraZe

eklesia-monastrebis sameurneo saqmianobis marTvis finansuri aspeqtebi

Tanamedrove pirobebSi friad aqtualuria eklesia-monastrebis sameurneo-mmarTvelobiTi

saqmianobis finansuri aspeqtebis kvleva. am mxriv, saSur saqmed migvaCnia, SeviswavloT aRmo-

savleTisa da dasavleTis eklesia-monastrebSi mimdinare sameurneo-mmarTvelobiTi procesebi,

ris safuZvelzec SegviZlia davsaxoT Cveni saeklesio meurneobriobis Semdgomi srulyofis

gzebi.

yvelasaTvis cnobilia aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis eklesiebis saerTo warmomavloba.

wminda werilSi ikveTeba eklesiis wiaRSi sameurneo-mmarTvelobiTi saqmianobis principebi.

xolo, rodesac eklesiam daiwyo uZravi qonebis mopoveba, sameurneo saqmianoba da garkveuli

Semosavlebis miReba-ganawileba, gaCnda am procesebis marTvis wesebis gansazRvris aucilebloba.

saeklesio meurneobis did mniSvnelobaze metyvelebs isic, rom TiTqmis yvela saeklesio

krebaze Rebulobdnen gadawyvetilebebs saeklesio meurneobis marTvis sakiTxebze. saeklesio

qonebis floba-gankargvis procesSi, ganisazRvra Semosavlebis da gasavlebis Sesabamisi ekonomi-

kuri kategoriebi. jer kidev mociqulTa epoqaSi gaimijna Sesabamis saeklesio da saero eko-

nomikur kategoriebi erTmaneTisgan1.

sainteresod CavTvale Semeswavla dasavleTis eklesiis (germaniis magaliTze) finansuri

marTvis sistema da momexdina Sedareba (saqarTvelos magaliTze) aRmosavleTis eklesiaSi gavr-

celebul da moqmed sistemebTan.

eklesiasa da saxelmwifos Soris urTierToba saqarTvelosa da germaniaSi. saqarTvelos

mosaxleobis umravlesoba marTlmadidebelia da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri eklesiis

wevria. funqcionirebs kaTolikuri, monofizituri, protestantuli eklesiebi, ebrauli Temebi,

arian islamis mimdevrebi da sxva konfesiebis warmomadgenlebi. saqarTveloSi eklesiasa da sax-

elmwifos Soris urTierTobas aregulirebs 2002 wels miRebuli `konstituciuri SeTanxmeba

saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaluri marTlmadidebel ekle-

sias Soris~2.

Teoriul-meTodologiuri TvalsazrisiT, am xelSekrulebaSi umTavresia muxli 1.1, ro-

melSic naTqvamia: ,,saxelmwifo da eklesia adastureben mzadyofnas, iTanamSromlon urTierTda-

moukideblobis principis dacviT, qveynis mosaxleobis sakeTildReod~.

xelSekrulebaSi asaxulia, agreTve, iseTi mniSvnelovani momentebi, rogoricaa:

_ eklesiis iuridiuli statusi (muxli 1.3);

_ saeklesio jvrisweris da samoqalaqo qorwinebis statusi (muxli 3);

_ mosaxleobis socialuri dacvis erToblivi programebis ganxorcielebis sakiTxi (muxli

4.3);

_ ganaTlebis sakiTxebi (muxli 5);

_ sakuTrebiTi, qonebrivi, samewarmeo, safinanso, saqvelmoqmedo, sainvesticio, sagranto,

saSemosavlo da sagadasaxado urTierTobebi (muxlebi 6.1 _ 6.6);

_ saeklesio nagebobebis da saeklesio saganZuris dacvisa da movla-patronobis sakiTxebi

(muxlebi 7.1 _ 7.2; 8.1 _ 8.2; 9.1 _ 9.2);

_ XIX-XX saukuneebSi eklesiisaTvis miyenebuli materialuri da moraluri zianis

nawilobrivi kompensaciis sakiTxi (muxlebi 11.1 _ 11.2).

1 didi rjulis kanoni. Tb., 2004. ix. mociqulTa 40-e da 41-e kanonebi. IV msoflio krebis 22-e kanoni. antioqiis

24-e kanoni. 2 konstituciuri SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaluri marTlmadi-

debel eklesias Soris. gaz. `sapatriarqos uwyebani~, 2002, #42. gv. 6.

91

konstituciuri SeTanxmeba umaRlesi rangis iuridiuli dokumentia. saqarTvelos

konstituciis me-6 muxlis Tanaxmad mas unda Seesabamebodes, rogorc saxelmwifos yvela kano-

ni, aseve saqarTvelos umaRlesi organoebis mier xelmowerili saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebi

da SeTanxmebebi. maszed maRla mxolod saqarTvelos konstitucia dgas. SeTanxmebaSi mocemulia

mxolod zogadi debulebebi, romelTa konkretuli mowesrigebisaTvis saxelmwifom aucileblad

unda miiRos Sesabamisi kanonebi.

mTlianobaSi, sakonstitucio SeTanxmeba aris fuZemdebluri dokumenti eklesiasa da

saxelmwifos Soris urTierTobis mTeli speqtris Sesaxeb (maT Soris, saeklesio ekonomikisa

da sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis sferoSi), romlis gareSec, dRes, warmoudgenelia qveynisa-

Tvis mniSvnelovani konkretuli gadawyvetilebebis miReba1.

germaniaSi daaxloebiT 82,5 milioni adamiani cxovrobs, funqcionirebs ori, TiTqmis

Tanabari sididisa da mniSvnelobis _ kaTolikuri da protestantuli eklesia. islams

germaniaSi 3.2 milionamde adamiani misdevs. ebrauli Temi 100 000-ze meti wevrisgan Sedgeba,

marTlmadidebeli qristianebis ricxvi ki 1,2 milions aRwevs. germaniis 22 milioni mcxovrebi

Tavis Tavs aRmsareblobis gareSe acxadebs2.

germanias eklesiasa da saxelmwifos urTierTobis evropul sistemaSi Sualeduri pozicia

ukavia. esaa Sualeduri mdgomareoba im modelebs Soris, romlebic, erTi mxriv, saxelmwifo

eklesiis arsebobas gulisxmobs, xolo, meore mxriv, eklesiis da saxelmwifos erTmaneTisgan

damoukideblad arsebobas iTvaliswinebs. ZiriTadi kanoni ayalibebs sistemas, romlis

mixedviTac eklesia da saxelmwifo gancalkevebulia da amave dros, maT Soris arsebobs

konstituciurad uzrunvelyofili TanamSromlobis forma3.

religiuri situacia germaniaSi dResac ki 1517 wlis reformaciis Zlieri gavlenis

qveSaa. XIX saukunis ganmavlobaSi TandaTan sustdeba kavSiri saxelmwifosa da protestantul

eklesias Soris. 1919 wlis vaimaris konstitucias Sedegad mohyva saxelmwifosa da eklesiis

gayofa, Tumca ZalaSi darCa urTierTTanamSromloba iseT sakiTxebSi rogoricaa: religiis

swavleba skolebSi, saeklesio gadasaxadi da RvTismsaxureba jarSi. rac Seexeba kaTolikur

eklesias, masTan urTierobis mniSvnelovani safuZvelia saerTaSoriso samarTliT aRiarebuli

1933 wlis saimperio konkordati (reichskonkordat). xelSekrulebebi an SeTanxmebebi aseve dade-

bulia araerT mcire religiur kongregaciasTan.4

wminda werili da eklesia-monastrebis sameurneo-mmarTvelobiTi saqmianoba. mociqulTa

moRvaweobis periodSi, eklesiis mmarTvelobiTi saqmianobis da finansuri aRricxvis marTebulad

gaazrebis sakiTxisadmi damokidebulebam (saqme moc. 4; 35-36), (saqme moc. 5; 1-11), (saqme moc. 6;

1-7) gansazRvra `didi rjulis kanonSi~ eklesia-monastrebis finansuri Tu sameurneo-

mmarTvelobiTi saqmianobis Sesaxeb mTeli rigi debulebebis Seqmna, rac aadvilebs saeklesio-sa-

meurneo saqmianobas da finansur aRricxvas eklesia-monastrebSi.

sameurneo saqmianobis ganviTarebasTan erTad icvleba aRricxvis obieqtebi, meTodebi da

Tanamedrove pirobebSi sameurneo-sabuRaltro aRricxva martivi formebidan Tanamedrove, ganvi-

Tarebul formad iqca. aRricxvis ganviTarebam didi gza ganvlo. saaRricxvo Canawerebis sawar-

moeblad Cv. welTaRricxvamde mexuTe saukuneSi pergamentebis gamoyeneba daiwyes. XV-XVI sau-

kuneSi evropaSi e. w. `abaki~, romelsac Zvel romSi aRmricxvelebi iyenebdnen (warmoadgenda xis

dafas 8-10 vertikalur tixarze ganlagebuli mrgvali qvebiT, qvebis nacvlad Zvel romSi

1 mRvdeli basil axvlediani, g. SixaSvili, n. bakaSvili. marTlmadidebluri Teologiuri ekonomikisa da marTvis

safuZvlebi. Tb., 2009.Ggv. 190. 2 www. destatis.de 3 robersi gerhard. saxelmwifo da eklesia evrokavSiris wevr qveynebSi. Tavi I, gv. 89. 4 Cf. Joseph listl (ed), Konkrdate und kirchenvertrage in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, 2 vols.,1987.

92

gamoiyeneboda brinjao, spilos Zvali, feradi mina) Secvala `saangariSo tabulebma~, xolo

mogvianebiT cnobilma fizikosma blez paskalma (1623-1662 w.w.) gamoigona saTvleli manqana.

buRaltruli aRricxvis ganviTarebasTan erTad icvleboda da viTardeboda aRricxvis saSualebebi,

romelTa ganviTarebis gza primitiuli sagnebiT iwyeba da Tanamedrove kompiuteriT mTavrdeba1.

gansakuTrebiT didia romaelebis wvlili buRaltruli aRricxvis ganviTarebaSi. maT

buRaltrul aRricxvas samarTlebrivi safuZveli Seuqmnes. pirveladi dokumentebis Semdeg maT

registrebi da sabuRaltro wignebi gamoiyenes. droTa ganmavlobaSi fuladi sazomebis

warmoSobasTan erTad SemoRebul iqna mTavari wigni. sameurneo faqtebis registraciisTvis

angariSebis gamoyeneba, fizikur da iuridiul pirebTan angariSsworebaTa asaxva, buRaltrul

CanawerTa samarTlebrivi reglamentacia gaxda e. w. `martivi~ buRalteriis aRricxvis warmoSo-

bis safuZveli. martivma buRaltrulma aRricxvam kontrols dauqvemdebara yvela materialuri

saSualebani, fuli, angariSsworebani, magram mas uamravi uaryofiTi momentebi gaaCnda _ aRric-

xva ar iyo gamWirvale, masSi uamravi pirobiToba da daSvebebi iyo, mas ubralo registraciis

xasiaTi hqonda. romaelTa mier SemuSavebuli formebis srulyofa xdeba aRorZinebis epoqaSi. am

periodSi moxda ormagi Cawris warmoSoba. ormagi Caweris mecnieruli damuSaveba Sua

saukuneebiT TariRdeba.

digrafiuli meTodis anu ormagi Caweris meTodis SemoReba ekuTvnis italiel mecnierebs:

benedit kotrulis (1416-1469) da luka paCiolis (1445-1517). ormagi Caweris gamoyenebam SesaZ-

lebeli gaxada sameurneo procesis ufro moxerxebulad da srulad asaxva. oradi Cawera

buRaltruli aRricxvis ganuyofeli nawili gaxda ramac sistematizirebul, mowesrigebul

aRricxvas Cauyara safuZveli.

Semosaval-gasavlebis aRricxva da finansuri sistema saqarTvelosa da germaniaSi.

saqarTveloSi buRaltruli aRricxvis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb seriozuli kvleva Caatara

cnobilma qarTvelma mecnierma, docentma givi gurgeniZem. igi aRniSnavs, rom dRevandel period-

Si gamoyenebuli terminebi `aRricxva~, `aRwera~, `davTari~ da sxva araerTxel gvxvdeba Sua

saukuneebis sakanonmdeblo saero da saeklesio ZeglebSi. saqarTveloSi, mefis karze

saxelmwifo Semosaval-gasavlis, fulad saSualebaTa da sxva ganZeulis Senaxvisa da garkveuli

saWiroebis mixedviT gankargvisaTvis arsebobda e. w. `meWurWleTuxucesis~ Tanamdeboba, Tavisi

`saWurWlis mwignobrobiT~, rac akademikos ivane javaxiSvilis sityvebiT, amJamindel finansTa

saministros hgavs2.

saqarTvelos eklesia-monastrebSi sameurneo-mmarTvelobiT da safinanso-sabuRaltro

saqmianobas ganagebdnen ekonomosebi3. qalkedonis msoflio krebis kanoniT, iq sadac episkoposia

aucileblad unda iyos ekonomosic, romelic airCeva saeklesio pirTagan da mas evaleba saekle-

sio qonebis marTva episkoposTan SeTanxmebiT. wminda mama Teofile aleqsandrieli ki Tavis me-9

kanonSi aRniSnavs, rom ekonomosis daniSvna SeTanxmebuli unda iyos mTel samRvdelo dasTan.

ekonomosi uSualod monawileobs safinanso saqmeebSi da angariSvaldebulia eklesiis mmarTve-

lis winaSe.

kalistrate cincaZe Tavis SromaSi _ `qvaSveTis wmidis giorgis eklesia tfilisSi~ saub-

robs winamZRvris TanaSemweebze, romlebic ekonomosis samuSaos asrulebdnen da CamoTvlis maT.

samsaxurebrivi poziciis gansakuTrebulobidan gamomdinare am saqmianobas sasuliero pirebi

asrulebdnen4.

1 xorava a., kvataSiZe n., sreseli n., gogriWiani z. buRaltruli aRricxva. 2010. gv.153. 2 xorava a., kvataSiZe n., sreseli n., gogriWiani z. buRaltruli aRricxva. 2011. gv. 157. 3 marTlmadidebeli eklesiis kanonebi episkopos nikodimosis (milaSi) ganmartebiT. tomi I, Tb,. 2007, mociqulTa

38-e kanoni gv. 83. IV msoflio 26-e da 26-e kanoni, gv. 356-359. 4 cincaZe kalistrate. qvaSveTis wmidis giorgis eklesia tfilisSi. gamomcemloba `kandeli~, Tb., 1994, gv. 80-85.

93

qvaSveTis wminda giorgi saxelobis eklesiaSi muSaobisas, me, rogorc ekonomosma,

Seviswavle Zveli da axali sistemebis Seswavla, rac arsebobda saqarTvelos eklesiaSi,

sabuRaltro aRricxvis saqmeSi.

unda aRiniSnos, rom dRevandeli aRricxvis sistema saqarTvelos eklesiaSi gansakuTrebu-

lia. dasavluri sistemebis gacnobam damarwmuna imaSi, rom aucilebelia Tanamedrove standar-

tebis gamoyeneba, aRricxvis erTiani sivrcis Seqmna da Semosaval-gasavlis aRricxvis erTiani

eleqtronuli sistemis amuSaveba. aseve, angariSTa gegmis Seqmna ise, rogorc aprobirebulia

Tanamedrove msoflioSi, raTa gaadvildes sajaro monitoringi da gamWirvale gaxdes finansuri

aRiricxva eklesia-mosastrebSi.

qvaSveTis wminda giorgis saxelobis eklesiis magaliTze warmovadgenT Semosavlebis

kategoriebs (aqtiur angariSTa gegma), rac gansazRvravs ZiriTad Semosavlebs eklesiaSi:

1. Semosavali sanTlis realizaciidan;

2. Semosavali saeklesio nivTebis, literaturis, jvrebis realizaciidan;

3. Semosavali sefiskveris realizaciidan;

4. Semosavali Semowirulebebidan;

5. Semosavali taZarTan arsebuli samrevlo sakolidan;

6. Semosavali sameurneo warmoebidan.

aseve mniSvnelovania gasavlebis kategoria (pasiur angariSTaAgegma), rac aris dRes arse-

buli finansuri modelis TvalsaCino magaliTi:

1. gadasaxadebi (mimdinare valdebulebebi);

2. Sesyidvebi; 3. xelfasebi;

4. daxmarebebi da saCuqrebi; 5. satrapezo xarji; 6. saeklesio msaxurebis xarji;

7. sameurneo xarji; 8. inventaris SeZenisTvis gaweuli xarji;

9. mimdinare remontisTvis gaweuli xarji;

10. sameurneo saqmianobisaTvis gaweuli xarji;

11. eklesiis sarezervo fondi1.

germaniaSi saeklesio gadasaxadi XIX saukunis dasawyisSi SemoiRes imisaTvis, rom erov-

nuli biujeti eklesiis winaSe valdebulebisgan ganTavisuflebuliyo, rac Tavis mxriv ekle-

siis sakuTrebis sekularizaciaze iyo damokidebuli.

gadasaxadisgan gaTavisufleba SesaZlebelia eklesiis datovebis Sedegad, mas Semdeg, rac

piri saxelmwifos Sesabamis oficialur struqturaSi daregistrirdeba. es ubralod imas niS-

navs, rom saxelmwifo klasifikaciis mixedviT, ama Tu im pirma oficialurad Sewyvita ro-

melime eklesiis wevroba. saerTo sazogadoebrivi dafinansebis sistema, romlis nawilia

zogierTi saeklesio instituti, maTTvis damatebiTi Semosavlis mniSvnelovan wyaros war-

moadgens. germaniaSi eklesias ar moeTxoveba garkveuli gadasaxadebis gadaxda da zogierTi

movaleobis Sesruleba2.

dasavleTis eklesiaSi dResdReobiT funqcionirebs finansuri marTvis saxelmwifosgan

kontrolirebadi modeli. germaniaSi 2010 wels erTTviani programis farglebSi, regensburgis

1 samxaraZe n. eklesia-monastrebis sameurneo-mmarTvelobiTi saqmianoba. wignSi: `qristianoba da ekonomika~, Tsu,

2009, gv. 94-96. 2 robersi gerhard. saxelmwifo da eklesia evrokavSiris wevr qveynebSi. 2010 weli. gv. 103.

94

universitetSi profesor bernard lauqsis xelmZRvanelobiT movaxdine dakvirveba Tanamedrove

germanul finansur sistemebze, aseve, germaniaSi sofel buxhagenis marTlmadidebluri eklesiis

wmida samebis saxelobis monastris winamZRvris, arqimandrit ioane faiferis daxmarebiT 2011

wels Seviswavle germaniaSi moqmedi finansuri marTvis modeli. wmida samebis saxelobis monas-

terSi erTTviani muSaobisas miviRe sameurneo-mmarTvelobiTi saqmianobis Sesaxeb gamocdileba

da is Sevadare qvaSveTis wminda giorgi saxelobis eklesiis sameurneo saqmianobas1.

saqarTvelosa da germaniis marTlmadideblur eklesiebs Soris gansxvavebuloba gamow-

veulia, saxelmwifosa da eklesias Soris arsebul gansxvavebuli urTierTobebiT. finansuri

aRricxvis gamWirvaloba da eklesiaSi Semosaval-gasavlis gansakuTrebuli saaRricxvo modelis

arseboba misabaZia. samomavlod aucilebelia, mieqces yuradReba dasavleTis eklesiis gamocdi-

lebas, raTa eklesiisa da saxelmwifos TanamSromloba daemyaros sam mTavar princips: neitra-

litets, tolerantobas da paritets.

Nugzar Samkharadze

Financal Aspects of the Management of Economic Activities of Churches and Monasteries

Resume

In modern conditions the research of financial aspects of agricultural-administrative activity of churches

and monasteries is highly actual. From this point we think that it is an urgent matter to study the ongoing agricul-tural-administrative processes of east and west churches and monasteries. On this basis we can identify future ways to improve our church agriculture.

During the activity of apostles, dependence to this issue determined on "Big Testament Law" to create se-ries of regulations about financial and agricultural-administrative activity of churches and monasteries which makes easier church and agricultural activities and financial accounting in churches and monasteries.

Difference between Orthodox churches of Georgia and Germany is caused due to the existing difference between state and church. The transparency of financial accounting and the existence of the special accounting model of income and expense in church is deserving. In future it is unavoidable to pay attention to the experience of the west church in order to have collaboration of church and state established on three basic principles: neutral-ity, tolerance and parity.

1www. dreifaltigkeitskloster-buchhagen.de

95

rusudan sirbilaZe

Tavisufleba marTlmadideblobasa da ekonomikaSi

ufalma adamiani Seqmna Tavis xatad da msgavsad da mianiWa mas Tavisufleba. xSirad adami-

ani am sityvis arss da mniSvnelobas bolomde ver iTavisebs, Tumca misi arCevani xSirad cvlis

movlenebs da sxvagvarad alagebs mas.

daviwyoT kiTxvis dasmiT _ Tavisufalia Tu ara TiToeuli adamiani da ra igulisxmeba am

didebul terminSi. magaliTad, ramdenad Tavisufalia axalSobili, romelsac naTlaven dabade-

bisTanave.

xSirad am kiTxvis pasuxze azri orad iyofa: mavanni amboben, rom axalSobili unda gaizar-

dos da TviTon airCios Tavisi sarwmunoeba da amaSi xedaven Tavisuflebis azrs, Tumca me da Cem-

saviT moazrovneni am konkretul sakiTxze sxvagvar Sexedulebas vaniWebT upiratesobas, es Sexe-

duleba ki aseTia: Cemi azriT, axalSobili unda moinaTlos dabadebisTanave, raTa masze gadmovi-

des suliwmindis madli da pirveli dReebidanve icxovros yvelaze did madlTan erTad. amaSi

vxedav nebas Tavisufal adamianad da WeSmarit marTlmadideblad igrZnos Tavi SobisTanave.

Tu es mosazreba vinmes ar daakmayofilebs, sxva warmodgena eqneba Tavisuflebaze mar-

TlmadideblobaSi, SemiZlia kontrSekiTxva davusva da sainteresoa, rogori iqneboda pasuxi am

SekiTxvaze. kerZod, vaswavloT Tu ara axalSobils qarTuli mSobliuri ena Tu davelodoT,

mis gadawyvetilebas imis Taobaze, rodis gaizrdeba igi da Semdeg romel enasac airCevs, is ena

Seiswavlos, anu romeli enac ufro mimzidveli iqneba misTvis.

vfiqrob, sakiTxis ase dasma xels ki ar Seuwyobs adamians iyos Tavisufali, aramed Tavi-

suflebas am araCveulebriv termins aqcevs kerpad, romlis msxvrevas mTeli darCenili cxovre-

bis manZilze ver SeZlebs adamiani da Zneli gaxdeba maradiuli siyvarulis gzaze ataro igi,

ara da maradiuli siyvarulisken mimavali gza ufalTan midis. Tu dostoevskis davesesxebiT _

~milionebi da aTeuli milionebi, romlebic ver Selevian miwier purs zeciurisTvis”1.

aq ukve ekonomikaSi Tavisuflebis Temis ganxilvaa aucilebeli. Tu miwieri puri miwieri

moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebas uwyobs xels, aqac arCevani adamians andes da ramdeni adamiania,

romlebmac ekonomika warmoidgines uflis gareSe, misi Semweobisa da madlis gareSe da Tvlian,

rom ekonomikaSi Tavisuflebis miRweva raRac sulierze uaris Tqmas gulisxmobs, ara da

Tavisufleba Tavisuflebaa, rogorc ekonomikaSi ise marTlmadideblur sarwmunoebaSi. mTavaria

iwamo qristes jvarcma, aRdgoma, amaRleba da gaakeTo iseTi arCevani, romelic ara Tu

Seuracxyofs macxovars, aramed misi mcnebebis dacvas Seuwyobs xels.

mas Semdeg, rac ufalma Seqmna adamiani, imTaviTve misca madli, rom Seeqmna Sromis

saSualebebi da daemuSavebina miwa, mieRo mosavali da es mosavali gamoeyenebina Tavisi

Sexedulebisamebr. Tu adamians mieca es yovelive amiT SeizRuda adamianis ekonomikuri

Tavisufleba? am sakiTxze Cemi azri aseTia, adamians swored imisTvis mieca goneba, rom Tvi-

Ton airCios ra awarmoos, rogor awarmoos, visTvis awarmoos. ekonomikac adamianis ganviTa-

rebasTan erTad viTardeba da dRes sabazro ekonomika adamians aZlevs imis SesaZleblobas,

airCios, romeli produqcia awarmoos da rogor miiRos mosavali da mogeba. esec aris didi

Tavisufleba ekonomikaSi.

pavle mociquli korinTelTa mimarT pirvel werilSi wers:2 `maradis vmadlob RmerTs

TqvenTvis, RvTis madlisaTvis, romelic geboZaT qriste iesoSi, imitom rom gamdidrdiT masSi

yoveliveTi, yovelgvari sityviT da yovelgvari SemecnebiT, radgan qristes mowmoba ganmtkicda

1 mama Teimurazi, ieso qristes saxe msoflio literaturaSi, Tb., 2012. 2 axali aRTqma da fsalmunebi, 1998.

96

TqvenSi~ (1 kor. 1, 4-6). sainteresoa sazogadoebis xedva am werilis mokle amonaridze. Pira-

dad Cemi xedva aqac ukavSirdeba Tavisuflebas maTlmadideblobasa da ekonomikaSi. gamdidreba

marTlmadideblobaSi gulisxmobs Tavisuflebas da Tavisufal arCevans _ iswavlo is mecni-

erebebi an Semecnebebi, romlebic moiRebs RvTis madls ieso qristeSi, anu sulierad gaam-

didrebs adamians.

gamdidreba ekonomikaSi ukavSirdeba imas, rom ekonomikaSi airCio is swori gza, romelic

dafuZnebulia Sromaze. Sromas yovelTvis moaqvs Sedegi da micems adamians gamdidrebis saSua-

lebas. ar SeiZleba adamiani eguebodes siRatakes, radgan adamiani Seqmnilia SromisTvis da

arCevani maszea da swored adamianma unda SearCios is saukeTeso gzebi, romlebic aacilebs

siRatakes da miiyvans gamdidrebisken.

pavle mociquli korinTelTa mimarT pirvel werilSi wers:1 `movedi TqvenTan Zmebo RvTis

mowmobis sauwyeblad, ara amaRlebuli sityviT an sibrZniT, ...raTa Tqveni rwmena iyos RvTis

ZaliT~ (1 kor. 2,1,5). dRes roca sazogadoebis Zalian mcire nawili ibrZvis lozungiT `ara

Teokratias”, arc ician ras an vis ebrZvian. `Teokratia~ sxva araferia Tu ara RvTis Zala. am

adamianebs meti rwmena da codna rom hqonodaT RvTis Zalis Sesaxeb, azradac ar mouvidodaT

daeweraT is, rac cdeba Tavisuflebas. swored Tavisufali midgoma da codna dafuZnebuli

RvTis Zalis Sesaxeb adamians ubiZgebs didi siyvarulkisken da WeSmaritebisken.

iseve rogorc ekonomikaSi, aucilebelia Tavisufali neba, rom saxelmwifo mcire dozebiT

magram mainc ereodes dadebiTad ekonomikaSi, radgan mTlianad ekonomikis ganTavisufleba

saxelmwifo zedamxedvelobisagan xSirad ekonomikis krizisis safuZvelia.

pavle mociquli korinTelTa mimarT pirvel werilSi ase ambobs: `me davrge, apolom

morwya, magram RmerTma gazarda~ (1 kor. 3,6), am TavSi mociquli gvaswavlis, rom arc damrgve-

lia araferi, arc momrwyveli, aramed gamzrdeli RmerTi. damrgveli da momrwyveli erTi da

igivea, xolo TiToeuli maTgani miiRebs sazRaurs Tavis Sromisamebr, vinaidan mRvdelmsaxurebi

RvTis TanamSromlebi arian, eriskacebi ki RvTis yana da RvTis Senoba (1 kor. 3, 7-9).

es Tavi mTlianad exeba rogorc marTlmadideblobas, ise ekonomikas, romlis drosac

mocemulia, rom Sroma yovelTvis moicavs Sedegs da yvela iRebs iseT gasamrjelos, rogorsac

imsaxurebs Tavisi Sromis Sesabamisad. dRes ”Tavisuflebis” saxeliT SeniRbulia garyvnileba2

da misi legalizacia, bavSvebis gaxrwna, uxamsi kinoproduqcia, Zaladobis, yaCaRobis,

mkvlelobis propaganda, viTomda samarTlianobis aRdgenis motiviT. ar SeiZleba ar gagaocos

erovnuli da sulieri faseulobebis upativcemlobam, rac Cvens dabal kulturasa da provin-

cializmze metyvelebs. es ara Tavisufleba aramed codvisa da mankierebis monobaa. esaa gza

TviTganadgurebisa da sulieri sikvdilisa.

es sakiTxi ara marto zneobrivi problemaa, aramed saxemwifoebrivic. moralis gareSe

darCenili sazogadoeba Zlier qveyanas ver aaSenebs. isini vinc did ”Tavisuflebas” qadageben

fiqroben, rom Zveli stereotipebiT icxovreben Tu Tavisuflebas ar moipoveben. Tumca ar

esmiT, rom axali Rirebulebebis Secnobisas ar unda daikargos Cveni tradiciuli da zneobrivi

faseulobebi.

dimitri uznaZe, didi qarTveli filosofosi ambobs: `Cven gvaklia daJinebiTi miswrafeba

erTxel dasaxuli miznis ganxorcielebisaken, romelsac veraviTari dabrkoleba da siZnele ver

spobs. mudmivi dauRalavi Sromis unari, patara saqmeebis iseTive seriozulobiT keTeba,

rogorc didi saqmeebisa. Cveni arsebobis niadags Cvenve vaniavebT da metoqesTan brZolaSi mudam

vmarcxdebiT. sakuTar saqmes ki gambedaoba da iniciativa sWirdeba, aqtiuri xasiaTi da Zlieri

1 axali aRTqma da fsalmunebi, 1998. 2 saaRdgomo epistole, 2004, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmindesi da unetaresi ilia II.

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neba es aris is, rac Cven ar gvaqvs da gvaklia. Cveni aRzrdis sistemac marto aqeT unda iyos

mimarTuli da mudam unda gvaxsovdes, rom glaxebi da monebi imitom ki ar varT, rom Ratakni

varT, aramed Ratakni imitom varT rom glaxebi da monebi varT~ (d. uznaZe, ganwyobis Teoria).

amitom, Cemi azriT yvela adamianma unda iswavlos Tavisufleba da hqondes miseuli swori

axsna Tavisuflebaze, rogorc marTlmadideblobaSi, aseve ekonomikaSi.

Rusudan Sirbiladze

Freedom in Orthodox Religion and in Economy

Resume The God created man in his image and gave him freedom. Often people don't think and realize the meaning

and importance of this word but his choices often changes the events differently. How free is a newborn, who is baptized immediately after the birth? Often the answer to this question is divided into two, though I don't think so. Some people say that a baby must grow up and then choose Religion for himself and they see the sense of free-dom in it. But I have a different idea on it. A newborn child should be baptized at birth, so to live in the grace of the Holy Spirit. In this I see the willing to live as a free person and to feel as a real Orthodox. To teach or not to teach a baby native Georgian language or wait until he grows? To ask the question so, idolizes the term- Liberty and the person, then, will not be able to break it and the rest of his life will not be the way of everlasting love ,which goes to the Lord . As Dostoevsky said millions and tens of millions cannot exchange the earthly bread for heavenly one. There should be discussed the question of Liberty in Economy. If earthly bread satisfies earthly demands it is a personal preference of a man, But how many persons consider the Economy without God's grace and bless ? But freedom is the freedom not only in the Economy but in Orthodox faith as well.

98

irma tyemalaZe

qristianuli eTikis zegavlena dasaqmebaze

dRes ekonomomikuri garemo iseTive dinamikuri da cvalebadia, rogoric Cveni cxovreba.

daZabuloba da mudmivi gadarbena _ ai ra mogvitana XXI saukunem. Seqmnil realobaSi arseboba

mxolod da mxolod uflis rwmeniTaa gasaZlisi. nebismieri qmedeba, romelic dakavSirebuli ar

iqneba ufalTan, uaryofiT ukuqmedebas gamoiwvevs. es faqtia, magram realoba Turme sul sxvas

aCvenebs. rogorc axali kvlevebidan Cans, dasaqmebuli qristianebis ricxvi ukuproporciulia

maTi rwmenis xarisxTan. 139 qveynis 15-88 wlis asakis gamokiTxuli qristianebis 40% ambobs,

rom isini mudmivad saqmeebSi arian CarTulni da RmerTisTvis dro aRar rCebaT1.

rwmenis kuTxiT dasaqmeba yvelaze didi problema da Semaferxebeli faqtori gaxda

iaponiis, filipinebis, samxreT afrikis, didi britaneTis, meqsikis da indoneziis mosaxleo-

bisaTvis. qristianebi ugandidan, nigeriidan, malaiziidan da keniidan yvelaze naklebad imyofe-

bian ,,gadarbenaSi~ da am qveynebSi RmerTisadmi damokidebulebac ufro gansxvavebulia.

mTeli msoflios masStabiT yvelaze naklebmorwmuneebi cxovroben amerikaSi, did brita-

netSi, irlandiasa da singapurSi, rac TiTqosda adasturebs qveynis ganviTarebis dones,

dasaqmebasa da uflis rwmenisadmi ukukavSirs.

es rac Seexeba am problemis kvlevas qveynebis mixedviT. sainteresoa, sqesobrivi WriliT

am urTierTdamokidebulebis kvleva, dasaqmeba da mudmivi ,,gadarbenebi~ zemoqmedebs rogorc

qalebis, ise mamakacebis rwmenis xarisxze, magram dasaqmebuli mamakacebi bevrad ufro mcired-

morwmuneni xdebian, vidre qalebi.

profesiuli WriliT, rac ar unda paradoqsi iyos, mRvdlebi yvelaze metad dakavebulebi

arian da yvelaze naklebi dro rCebaT RmerTTan urTierTobisTvis, amave kategoriaSi xvdebian

iuristebi, menejerebi, ZiZebi da diasaxlisebi.2

saintereso faqtia martivi dakvirvebis paraleli asakobrivi WriliT umuSevrobis donis

statistikur maCvenebelsa da taZarSi mosiarule aqtiur mrevls Soris. adamianis qristianuli

cxovrebis erT-erTi aucilebeli pirobaa wirva-locvebze daswreba, aRsarebis Cabareba, ziareba

da a.S. ,,visTvisac eklesia ara aris deda, misTvis arc ufali aris mama~3 – ambobda wm. kvipri-

ane karTageneli. saqarTveloSi umuSevrobis donis ganxilva asakobriv WrilSi gviCvenebs, rom

2012 wels umuSevrobis donem yvelaze maRal niSnuls 15-19 wlis asakobriv jgufSi miaRwia.

umuSevrobis done aseve gazrdilia 40-44 da 55-59 wlebis asakobriv jgufebSi.4 swored am

asakobrivi jgufebis warmomadgenlebi iReben aqtiur monawileobas saeklesio cxovrebaSi.

sad unda vikvlioT problema? ra jobia dasaqmebis maRali done da bevri RvTismoSiSi ad-

amiani Tu piriqiT? arsebobs ki oqros Sualedi?

sakiTxidan amosavali unda veZioT isev da isev qristianuli cxovrebis wesSi. am SemTxve-

vaSi qristianuli eTika yvelaze metad Seasrulebs maregulirebel rols, radgan yoveli arse-

bis saboloo mizani srulqmnilebis miRwevaa, rac imas gulisxmobs, rom RmerTs davemsgavsoT.

aseTi adamianebisgan dakompleqtebul sazogadoebaSi problemebis mogvarebac martivi xdeba.

ufali brZanebs: ,,eZiebdeT sasufevelsa RmrTisasa, da ese yoveli SegeZinos Tqven~ (luka 12:31).

rwmena daexmara amerikel xalxs individualuri Tavisuflebis uzrunvelsayofad, saxelm-

wifos rolis minimumamde SezRudvaSi. „Cven ar gvaqvs saxelmwifo, aRWurvili ZaliT, romelic

1 www.invictory.org - The Obstacles to Growth Survey 2 www.invictory.org 3 sityva nugeSiscemisa. mTargmnelebi r. buaCiZe da sxvebi; Tb. 2007, gv. 235.

4 www.geostat.ge

99

SeZlebs ebrZolos moralisa da religiisgan aRviraxsnil adamianur vnebebs... Cveni konstitucia

Seiqmna mxolod moraluri da religiuri adamianebisTvis”, werda amerikuli revoluciis erT-

erTi centraluri figura, jon adamsi1.

naTelia, rom sabazro urTierTobebis centrSi unda idges Tavisufali da ara `zRvar-

gadasuli~ adamiani, adamiani, romlisTvisac uzenaesia qristianuli cxovrebis wesi. aseTi kate-

goriis adamiani arasodes ifargleba Tavisi piradi cxovrebis mowyobiT, man kargad icis, rom

igi valdebulia uflis winaSe, es valdebuleba mas aiZulebs xeli gauwodos Tavis garSemo-

myofebs. Rirsi svimeon axali RvTismetyveli miuTiTebda, rom mdidari: `damnaSavea maT sik-

vdilSi, vinc im dros siciviTa da SimSiliT kvdeboda. radgan mas SeeZlo maTi gamokveba, magram

ar gamokveba, aramed miwaSi dafla is, rac Raribebs ekuTvnodaT, miatova ra isini sicivisa da

SimSilisgan mosakvdomad~. 2

daxmarebaSi ar igulisxmeba mxolod finansuri daxmareba, aseTive da ufro metad

mniSvnelovanic kia adamianebs daexmaro da iseTi garemo Seuqmna, sadac SeZleben TavianTi SesaZ-

leblobebis realizebas da Sesabamisad TavianTi Sromis SedegiT sakuTari moTxovnilebebis dak-

mayofilebas, anu kategorias, romelic flobs finansur saxsrebs, SeuZlia es saxsrebi gamoi-

yenos, Tundac axali samuSao adgilebis Sesaqmnelad. es qristianuli eTikis farglebSi sasur-

veli ki ara _ savaldebuloa, radgan is, rac yovel CvenTagans eZleva cxovrebaSi, eZleva uf-

lisgan da im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es `saCuqari~ saTanadod ar iqneba gamoyenebuli uflis risxvas

davimsaxurebT. iseve, rogorc saxarebaSia talantebis Sesaxeb igavSi moTxrobili, roca

gamgzavrebisas kacma Tavis monebs TavianTi niWis da SesaZleblobis Sesabamisad dautova talan-

tebi, orma is gamoiyena da gaaormaga, erTma, romelsac yvelaze naklebi talanti ergo, miwaSi

Cafla Tavisi kuTvnili talantebi. am ukanasknels `miugo ufalman da hrqua mas: boroto monao

da medgaro! uwyode, rameTu movimki, sada ara davsTesi, da Sevikribi, sada ara ganmibnevied.

jer-iyo Senda dadebad vercxli Cemi savaWrosa, da momca-ved da moviRe Cemi igi aRnadgine-

biTurT. mouReT magas qanqari ege da miciT mas, romelsa aqus aTi qanqari. rameTu yovelsa, ro-

melsa aqundes, mieces da miematos; da romelsa ara aqundes da romelRa-igi aqundes, mo-ve-eRos

misgan. da amas rai ityoda, xma-yo: romelsa asxen yurni smenad, isminen! da uxmari ege monai

ganxadeT bnelsa mas garesknelsa. Mmun iyos tirili da RrWenai kbilTa~ (maTe 25:14-30).

dasaqmeba es swored iseTi kategoriaa, romelic erTi mxaris keTil neba-survilze ar

aris damokidebuli. dasaqmebis msurveli arsebobs, samuSaos maZiebels survili aqvs imuSaos,

magram Tu ar arsebobs meore mxare – damsaqmebeli da maT Soris efeqtiani komunikacia,

mxolod erTi mxaris Zalisxmeva arafris momcemi iqneba.

dRes saqarTveloSi Sromis bazris funqcionireba xdeba im pirobebSi, roca mis Se-

madgenel elementebs _ samuSao Zalis moTxovnasa da miwodebas Soris aSkara disproporciaa,

rac bevri sxva uaryofiTi Sedegis winapirobad iqca. absoluturi xelfasi izrdeba, magram

realuri xelfasis done klebulobs. dabali Sromis anazraurebis pirobebSi xdeba realur

xelfassa da Sromis anazraurebas Soris disproporciis zrda Sromis sirTulis da xarisxis

gauTvaliswineblad da a.S.

stiqiurad ganviTarebadi Sromis bazari ver uzrunvelyofs dasaqmebis sferoSi social-

luri samarTlianobis dacvas, samuSaos maZiebelTaTvis dasaqmebis Tanabari pirobebis Seqmnas,

amitom mniSvnelovania mis funqcionirebaSi saxelmwifos Careva garkveuli doziT. rac gulisx-

mobs Sromisa da dasaqmebis sferoSi mizanmimarTuli saxelmwifo politikis SemuSavebas da ga-

tarebas.

1 Maggie Combs., How to Analyze the Works of John Adams. Published by ABDO Publishing Company, Minneapolis, 2011. 2 sityva nugeSiscemisa. mTargmnelebi r. buaCiZe da sxvebi; Tb. 2007, gv. 127.

100

Cveni azriT, am politikis erT-erT warmatebulmimarTulebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos 2003

wlis prezidentis brZanebuleba saxelmwifosa da saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefalur marT-

lmadideblur eklesias Soris dasaqmebis sferoSi TanamSromlobis 2004-2005 wlebis program-

mis damtkicebis Taobaze.

aseve mniSvnelovani iyo 2006 wlis 1 martis SeTanxmeba marTlmadideblur eklesiasa da

iusticiis saministros Soris, romlis ZaliTac pirobiT msjavrdebulTa resocializaciis miz-

niT erToblivi proeqtebis ganxorcielda, ramac xeli Seuwyo probacionerTa dasaqmebis prob-

lemis gadawyvetas, survilis SemTxvevaSi maT SeZles eklesia-monastrebis mSeneblobaSi

dasaqmeba.

Tu ufro praqtikuli kuTxiT mivudgebiT sakiTxs, eklesia gvevlineba erT-erT mniSvnelo-

van damsaqmebel organizaciad mTeli msoflios masStabiT. magaliTad, germaniis federaciuli

respublikis did eklesiebSi milionze meti adamiania dasaqmebuli1.

bevr qveyanaSi religiuri kanonmdeblobis gamo samRvdelo pirebs ar aqvT dasaqmebulis

statusi. magaliTad, belgiaSi religiis msaxurebi, aRTqmis dadebis gamo, ar ganixilebodnen

TanamSromlebad, mogvianebiT saprecedento samarTalma uaryo SromiTi urTierTobis es prin-

cipi, magram dasaqmebis kontraqtis problema kvlav mougvarebeli darCa. amJamad, mainc gansxva-

vebuli midgoma arsebobs im kategoriis religiis msaxurebs Soris, romelTa saqmianobac uSu-

alod aris dakavSirebuli eklesiasTan da romlebic samuSaod igzavnebian eklesiis xel-

mZRvanelebis mier sxva organizaciebSi, magaliTad, maswavleblad. belgiaSi eklesiis msaxureb-

Tan da sasuliero pirebTan erTad saero pirebis sul ufro meti raodenoba muSaobs dRes.

daniaSi damsaqmebels ufleba aqvs samsaxuridan gaaTavisuflos iseTi pirebi, romlebic ar

arian romelime aRmsareblobis mimdevarni.

germaniaSi eklesiis msaxurebi gansakuTrebuli angariSvaldebulebiT arian dakavSirebulni

TavianT damqiravebelTan da damqiravebels SeuzRudavi ufleba gaCnia samsaxuridan daiTxovos

esa Tu is TanamSromeli, romlis cxovrebis sazogadoebrivi wesi da Sexedulebebi ar emTxveva

eklesiis swavlebas.

aseve gansxvavebuli midgomaa safrangeTSi eklesiebSi dasaqmebul saero da sasuliero

pirebs Soris. sasuliero pirebTan urTierToba regulirdeba Siga wesebiT, xolo saero pireb-

Tan Sromis kanonTa kodeqsiT, magram eklesias SeuZlia damatebiTi pirobebis dakisreba am kate-

goriis muSakebze, kerZod, saeparqios episkoposi maT gadascems individualur “Lettre de mis-sion”2. episkoposis mier “Lettre de mission”-is CamorTmeva niSnavs kontraqtis Sewyvetas.

aseTi midgomaa gavrcelebuli evrokavSiris qveynebis TiTqmis umravlesobaSi. SromiTi kon-

taqtis arseboba, ra Tqma unda, mniSvnelovani faqtia, magram samuSaos maZiebelTaTvis ufro

mniSvnelovania dasaqmeba da misgan motanili dadebiTi Sedegebi, vidre qaRaldze gaformebuli

xelSekruleba.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi sasuliero pirTa aRricxvas ar awarmoeben, Tumca patriarqis

mdivnis, miqael botkovelis monacemebiT, maTi raodenoba 2-3 aTasia, es maSin, roca damoukide-

blobis mopovebis wlebSi, sasuliero pirTa raodenoba daaxloebiT 40 iyo, bolo 25 wlis

manZilze samRvdelo dasi daaxloebiT 60-jer gaizarda3. rac kidev erTxel metyvelebs ekle-

siis, rogorc damsaqmeblis mniSvnelovan rolze.

,,erTi SexedviT TiTqosda ar aris kavSiri eklesiasa da ekonomikas Soris. sinamdvileSi

ki, piriqiT. eklesia ekonomikis ganviTarebisaTvis bevr rames akeTebs. am mxriv mniSvnelovania

1 gerhard robersi., saxelmwifo da eklesia – evrokavSiris wevr qveynebSi, meore gamocema, 2011, gv. 100. 2 Lettre de mission - (franguli) samuSaoTa aRwera, Sesasrulebeli funqciebis CamonaTvali. 3 http://www.tabula.ge

101

xalxis dasaqmeba. me ar meguleba arc erTi dawesebuleba saqarTveloSi, sadac imdeni adamiani

iqneba dasaqmebuli, rac eklesiaSia” _ aRniSnavs saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II.1

umuSevrobis problemis mogvarebaSi gansakuTrebuli roli akisria TviT umuSevars. xSiria

SemTxveva, rodesac samsaxuris Ziebis ramdenime uSedego mcdelobis Semdeg, samuSaos maZieblebi

`samudamo umuSevrebad~ iqcevian xolme. Zveli aRTqmis mixedviT ,,zarmacis suli mowyurebulia,

magram araferi aqvs; muyaiTni ki danayrdebian~ (igav. 13:14), amitom, problemis winaSe Tavis

modreka ar Rirs, TiToeul Cvengans unda swamdes, rom muyaiTi Sroma, garja aucileblad ga-

moiRebs Tavis keTil nayofs.

didaqes mixedviT, Sromis unari erT-erTi umTavresi niWia, “nu iqneba Seni sityva cru

da litoni, aramed saqmiT aRsavse~ (did. II, 5). ufals ar uyvars zarmaci da sxvis kmayofaze

myofni “da rameTu raJams-igi viyav Tqven Tana, amasve gamcnebdiT Tquen, viTarmed ukueTu visme

ara unebs saqmis keTebai, nuca Wamn” (II Tes. 3:10). yvelam, maT Soris mociqulebmac ki, Tavisi

SromiT da garjiT unda moipovon Tavisi sarCo-sabadebeli, `aravin iyos Tqvens Soris uqmad~

(did. XII, 4).

aris adamianTa kategoria, romelic ama Tu im saxeobis samuSaos Sesrulebaze uars acxa-

debs, rogorc misTvis Seuferebel samsaxurze da urCevnia umuSevari iyos. ra Tqma unda, am

qmedebis gamarTlebac SeuZlebelia. ufali brZanebs `ofliTa pirisa SenisaTa sWamde pursa Sen-

sa vidre miqcevadmde Senda miwad~ (dabad. 3:19). WeSmariti qristiani Tavmdabalia, Sesabamisad

RvTisTvis misaRebi arc erTi saqmianoba ar aris misTvis damamcirebeli da miuRebeli.

uflis rwmeniT gakeTebul yovel saqmes ufro meti madli da Zala aqvs. dasaqmebuli

adamianebi, romlebic qristianuli wesiT cxovroben da qristianuli eTikis normebs icaven, ar

arian mxolod Semosavlis miRebaze orientirebulni, Sedegad, saqme ufro xarisxianad keTdeba,

rac Tavis mxriv damsaqmebeli organizaciis warmatebuli ekonomikuri saqmianobis safuZvelia.

momgebiani da efeqtianad funqcionirebadi organizaciebi ki dasaqmebis axal wyaros warmoadgens.

bevri dasaqmebuli niSnavs met Semosavlebs, meti Semosavali ki qyveynis ekonomikuri winsvlis

winapirobaa.

Irma Tkemaladze

Christian Eethics Impact on Employment

Resume

The article analyzes the connection between Christian ethics and the level of employment. Shown how religion has changed the attitude of Christians with an increase in employment levels. The employment problem in the church by promoting the Gospel definitions and measures.

1 http://www.epn.ge

102

nino faresaSvili

eTikurad jansaRi organizaciuli garemo pirobebis uzrunvelyofa

Tanamedrove biznes-samyaroSi sakmaod gavrcelebulia mosazreba, rom gadawyvetilebis miRe-

bis procesSi ufro efeqtiani, da amdenad ufro sasurveli, racionaluri azrovnebaa. bevr mene-

jers miaCnia, rom gundi gacilebiT efeqtianad imuSavebs, Tuki masSi mSvidi, auRelvebeli, mtkice

da gawonasworebuli bunebis adamianebi gaerTiandebian. meore mxriv, nebismier xelmZRvanels surs,

rom mis organizaciaSi motivirebuli adamianebi muSaobdnen. es niSnavs erTgul da enTuziazmiT

aRsavse adamianebs, romlebsac uyvarT organizacia da sakuTar Tavs mis ganuyofel nawilad moi-

azreben. siyvaruli da erTguleba ki nebismier SemTxvevaSi emociebTanaa dakavSirebuli.

TviToeul Cvengans unda, rom Tavi igrZnos komfortulad materialuri da sulieri

TvalsazrisiT. es survili gamoixateba TviTefeqturobis miswrafebaSi an imis rwmenaSi, rom

Cven SevZlebT, rom SevasruloT dakisrebuli samuSao, gavamarTloT molodini, SevitanoT mniS-

vnelovani wvlili saerTo warmatebis miRwevaSi. bevri TanamSromeli aqtiurad cdilobs, Tavisi

niWis da ideebis saSualebiT, xeli Seuwyos organizaciis warmatebas, gauziaros kolegebs is,

rac iswavles da gaiges Tavisi gamocdilebiT. organizaciebma unda Seuqmnan maqsimalurad xel-

sayreli pirobebi aseT muSakebs imitom, rom saqme exeba orive mxaris mogebis praqtikas.

Cven yvela vimsaxurebT, rom gvepyrobodnen ara rogorc warmoebis iseT faqtorebs, rogo-

ricaa miwa, kapitali, teqnologia, aramed rogorc unikalur resurss. Oorganizaciis yovel Ta-

namSromels unda, rom mas yuradRebiT da pativiscemiT moeqces xelmZRvaneli. dReisaTvis upi-

robo moTxovnaa kvalifikaciis da unarebis maRali Sefaseba, yoveli muSakis TviTganviTrebis

SesaZlebloba.

menejmentis Teoriis wamyvani specialistebisgan sul ufro xSirad gvesmis, rom efeqtiani

menejmentis erT-erTi aucilebeli winapirobaa, Tundac, sabaziso fsiqologiuri ganaTlebis da

e.w. ,,emociuri mgrZnobelobis” arseboba. menejmentis amocanaa Seqmnas da marTos iseTi emociuri

garemo, sadac TanamSromels ar SeeSindeba sakuTari grZnobebis gamovlenisa da Sexedulebebis

dafiqsirebis. isini, visac miaCnia, rom emociebi biznesSi aucilebelia, am mosazrebis dasasabuTeb-

lad bevr arguments iSvelieben: amtkiceben, rom SesaZlebelia, bevrad gaaumjobeso performansi,

Tuki erT martiv rames gaacnobiereb - biznesi mTlianad damokidebulia adamianebze, adamianebs ki,

inteleqtualuri resursis garda, aqvT grZnobebi da individualuri damokidebulebebi sxvadasxva

sakiTxebis mimarT. amitom, grZnobebi biznesis ganuyofeli nawilia.. gamocdileba aCvenebs, rom

emociebs saukeTeso motivatoris rolis Sesruleba SeuZlia. emociebiT aigeba ndoba gundis wev-

rebs Soris. emociuri kavSirebis da naTeli komunikaciis meSveobiT, organizaciis xelmZRvanelo-

bas kontrolis gaZlierebac SeuZlia, radgan is TanamSromlebi, romlebic sakuTar ufrosobas en-

dobian, met pasuxismgeblobas iReben sakuTar Tavze da met erTgulebas iCenen saqmis mimarT.

emociuri faqtorebis mniSvneloba SesaZloa ganvixiloT ramdenime mimarTulebiT: yvelam

kargad viciT, rom biznesis warmateba mWidro kavSirSia klientis kmayofilebasTan. ukmayofilo

da kmayofil klients Soris gansxvaveba – klientis emociebia. lidersa da Cveulebriv menejers

Soris gansxvaveba im emociebSia, romelsac isini TavianT qveSevrdomebSi aRZraven. gadawyvetile-

bis miRebis procesic nebismier etapze garkveulwilad pirad ganwyobazea damokidebuli. stra-

tegiuli dagegmvisasac ki, rodesac adamiani daTrgunulia, momavali muq ferebSi esaxeba; opti-

misturi ganwyobisas momavlis warmodgenac ufro xalisiani xdeba. momavlis nebismier xedvas,

romelic SemuSavda strategiuli dagegmvis procesSi, yovelTvis Tan axlavs masze momuSave

gundis mier datovebuli emociuri kvali. is xels Seuwyobs Cvens potenciur karierul warma-

tebas axal, dinamikur, cvlad, rTul da perspeqtiul samuSao adgilebze.

103

globalizaciam, informaciulma teqnologiebma, korporatiulma restuqturizaciam da

sxva cvlilebebma, potenciurad Searyia ndobisa da valdebulebis maCveneblebi, rac aucilebe-

lia TanamSromelTa motivaciisaTvis. imisaTvis, rom SevqmnaT metad motivirebuli muSaki, pir-

vel rigSi, aucilebelia maTi moTxovnilebebisa da stimulebis gageba da imis garkveva, Tu ro-

gor ukavSirdeba es cnebebi individualur miznebsa da qcevas.

XXI saukuneSi mniSvnelovan devizad iqca samuSao Zalis mravalferovneba. maSin, rodesac

Cven vakvirdebiT sqesTan, rasobriv da eTnikur kuTvnilebasTan, asakTan, fizikur SesaZleblo-

bebTan da seqsualur orientaciasTan dakavSirebiT mraval gansxvavebas warmateba axal samuSao

adgilze damokidebulia sxvadasxva kulturaSi aRzrdil, sxvadasxva asakisa da sqesis, gansxva-

vebuli rasobrivi da eTnikuri kuTvnilebis mqone adamianebTan muSaobis unarze. imisaTvis, rom

vmarToT sxva adamianebi da vimuSaoT maTTan, pativi vceT maT individualur Taviseburebebs da

SevafasoT mravalferovneba, saWiroa vflobdeT pirovnebaTaSorisi da kulturuli urTierTobe-

bis Taviseburebebs.

Cven vcxovrobT da vmuSaobT mudmivad cvalebad ekonomikur pirobebSi. es gansakuTrebiT

mniSvnelovans xdis rogorc organizaciebis, ise calkeuli adamianebis swavlebas. mxolod mas,

vinc swavlobs, ZaluZs fexdafex mihyves uwyvetad cvalebad garemos. konsultantebi da mecnie-

rebi yuradRebas amaxvileben organizaciul swavlebaze, rogorc codnis SeZenis procesze in-

formaciis gamoyenebisTvis, raTa moxdes warmatebiT adaptireba cvladi garemoebebisadmi. axali

ideebisa da SesaZleblobebis ZiebaSi organizaciebs unda gaaCndeT pozitiuri cvlilebis una-

ri. igive exeba TiToeul Cvengans. Cven unda miviswrafvodeT mudmivi srulyofisken, viyoT mzad

samsaxurebriv kibeze dawinaurebisTvis da imisTvis, rom fexdafex mivyveT dinamikur da rTul

garemos.

aRniSnuli did daxmarebas gagviwevs informaciis gamoyenebis da codnis SeZenis procesSi,

romelic, Tavis mxriv, saSualebas gvaZlevs warmatebiT SeveguoT cvlad garemos. Cven Tanabar-

zomierad unda gavamaxviloT yuradReba organizaciuli qcevis sam doneze; individualurze,

gundursa da organizaciulze. masSi harmoniulad aris Serwymuli Teoria, kvleva da marTve-

lobiTi praqtika. daculia balansi yvelasaTvis kargad cnobil Teoriebs, midgomebsa da ukanas-

kneli wlebis samecniero miRwevebs Soris.

menejerebis qmedebebi zogadad sazogadoebis mudmiv kontrols unda eqvemdebarebodes. Mme-

nejers unda axsovdes, rom organizaciuli qceva _ esaa qmediTunariani RonisZiebebi, rogorc

individebis, aseve organizaciebis urTierTmogebis misaRebad. organizacia _ es rTuli sistemaa.

Tu cdilobT, rom iyoT warmatebuli muSaki, Semdeg ki menejeri, Tqven aucileblad unda gaer-

kvioT organizaciaSi moqmed meqanizmebSi. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT mecnierebis swraf ganviTarebas,

teqnologiebiT marTva aris sakmaod rTuli amocana. Tu ganvixilavT maT urTierTobas indivi-

debTan, Cven miviRebT sakmaod rTul socio-teqnikur sistemas. amave dros sazogadoebis prog-

resi mniSvnelovanwilad ganisazRvreba aseTi sistemebis da maTi efeqturi marTvis meqanizme-

biT. adamianis qceva Sromis procesSi araprognozirebadia. misi kolegebis, xelmZRvanelebisa da

SemkveTebis qcevebi gamomdinareobs maTSi Rrmad gamjdari moTxovnebidan, cxovrebiseuli gamoc-

dilebidan da individualuri faseulobebidan.

Tu ganvixilavT menejmentis mecnierul instrumentebs, socialur fsiqologias da sxva

disciplinebs, gvaqvs SesaZlebloba, gamovikvlioT adamianis qceva organizaciebSi, misi gansxvave-

buli sazRvrebis gaTvaliswinebiT. organizaciuli problemebis idealuri gadawyveta ar arsebobs,

magram nebismieri kompaniis muSakebs aqvT SesaZlebloba, gaaumjobeson SromiTi urTierToba. es

procesi sakmaod rTulia, magram miRebuli Sedegi amarTlebs maT mier gaweul Zalisxmevas.

SesaZlebelia nebismierma menejerma ver daZlios organizaciaSi warmoqmnili siZneleebi da

mas gauCndes samsaxuridan wasvlis survili. miuxedavad imisa, menejers moswons Tu ara

104

daqvemdebarebuli pirebis an sxva menejerebis qcevebi, mas ar aqvs ufleba ar hqondes

urTierToba am adamianebTan. amitom igi unda Seecados gaigos, rac SeiZleba meti adamianebis

qcevebze, gamoikvlios maTi SesaZleblobebi da gaaumjobesos pirovnebaTSorisi urTierTobebi. am

sferoSi organizaciuli qcevis codna Zalian did daxmarebas gauwevs menejerebs, raTa maT

gazardon sakuTari da sxvaTa saqmianobis efeqtianoba.

imis codna, Tu ratom iqcevian adamianebi ase da ara sxvagvarad, SesaZloa pozitiuri

xelmZRvanelobis safuZveli gaxdes, anu xelmZRvanelobis, romelic dadebiT Sedegamde migviy-

vans. menejerebs aseve SeuZliaT e.w. organizaciuli moqalaqeobis stimulireba – esaa samsaxu-

rebrivi qceva, romelic cdeba samsaxurebrivi moTxovnis farglebs da uzrunvelyofs organiza-

ciis warmatebas. organizaciuli moqalaqeobis gamovlineba SesaZloa iyos, magaliTad, kolegebis

daxmareba, zenormatiuli samuSao, garemoebebidan gamomdinare, produqciisa da procedurebis

srulyofis gzebis Zieba. organizaciuli moqalaqeobis gasaviTareblad menejerebma sxvadasxva

gziT unda gamoiyenon Tavisi codna organizaciaSi adamianebis Sesaxeb. amaSi moizareba Tanam-

Sromlebis SerCeva pozitiuri pirovnuli xasiaTis mixedviT, aseve imis gansazRvra, Tu ramdenad

moaxdenen isini sxva TanamSromlebis daxmarebas, problemebis gadawyvetas da sxvisi probleme-

bis gaziarebas.

organizaciis buneba formulirdeba sxvadasxva Zalis urTierTqmedebis procesSi, romlis

mravali saxeoba klasificirdeba oTxi mimarTulebiT: personali, organizaciuli struqtura,

teqnologia da garemo, sadac funqcionirebs mocemuli organizacia. davalebebis Sesasruleb-

lad kompaniaSi iyeneben Zalebis koordinacias, rac imas niSnavs, rom kompaniaSi unda Seiqmnas

formaluri urTierTobis struqtura. nebismieri Sromis procesSi gamoiyeneba warmoebis saSua-

lebebi, samuSao procesSi individebs Soris myardeba garkveuli urTierTobebi, yalibdeba orga-

nizaciuli struqturebi da adgili aqvs sxvadasxva teqnologiis gamoyenebas. yovelive amis pa-

ralelurad ganxilul elementebze zemoqmedebas axdens gare samyaro.

organizaciis TanamSromlebi qmnian mis Siga socialur sistemas, romelic Seicavs indivi-

debs da jgufebs (mcire da didi, formaluri da araformaluri). jgufis erTi mTavari damaxa-

siaTebeli Tvisebaa jgufuri dinamika. TanamSromlebis saqmianoba mimarTulia organizaciis wina-

Se arsebuli miznebis misaRwevad. Mmenejerebs yovelTvis unda axsovdeT, rom organizaciebi ar-

seboben imisaTvis, rom emsaxuron xalxs da ara piriqiT.

organizaciuli ,,cxovreba’~ mimdinareobs Siga pirobebsa da garemos sazRvrebSi. TiToeuli

organizacia warmoadgens rogorc erTiani didi sistemis Semadgenel nawils, romelic moicavs

mraval elements. garemoSi mimdinare mravalricxovani cvlilebai Tanamedrove organizaciebis

winaSe warmoqmnis axal-axal moTxovnebs.

moqalaqeebi sul ufro xSirad moiTxoven menejerebisgan socialuri pasuxismgeblobis po-

litikis gatarebas. amasTan, profkavSirebis pirdapiri zegavlenis SesustebasTan erTad izrdeba

personalis TviTSegnebisa da ganaTlebis done. Yyvela es da sxva bevri faqtori gauTvaliswine-

bel zegavlenas axdenen erTmaneTze. vercerTi organizacia Tavidan ver aicilebs garemos zegav-

lenas, romelic zemoqmedebs individebis mdgomareobaze, Sromis pirobebze, maRali konkurenciis

pirobebSi resursebsa da energiis wyaroebis wvdomaze. yovelive zemoT CamoTvlilis gaTvalis-

winebiT organizaciebi ganicdian garemos mravalricxovani faqtoris zegavlenas.

adamianebi ganicdian sxvadasxva saxeobis emocias da aseve arsebobs am saxeobaTa bevri kom-

binacia. Tumca, yvela maTgans aqvs ori saerTo Tviseba - maxasiaTebeli. pirveli - emociebi ax-

dens globaluri Sefasebis generirebas (rasac centraluri, „gulis efeqti“ ewodeba), anu aris

Tu ara esa Tu is qmedeba an sagani kargi, cudi, sasargeblo, saziano sasurveli, Tu piriqiT _

Tavis asaridebeli. meore _ yvela emocia awarmoebs raRaca donis aqtivacias. misi cvlileba aq-

105

tivaciis sxvadasxva variantebs Soris damokidebulia imaze, Tu ramdenad moiTxovs Cvengan yu-

radRebas da ramdenad gvimaRlebs motivacias.

adamianebs aqvT unikaluri pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi _ moTxovnileba, ganvlili wlebiT

miRebuli gamocdileba an isini imyofebian gansxvavebul fizikur mdgomareobaSi drois konkre-

tul periodebSi da amavdroulad SesaZlebelia warmoadgendnen sxvadasxva socialuri wris

wevrebs. konkretuli mizezebis damoukideblad individebis qmedeba ganpirobebulia realobis

aRqmiT. seleqciuri aRqma arcTu iSviaTad xdeba Sromis procesis calkeuli elementis araswo-

ri gansjis sagani, magram, momavalSi man SeiZleba uzrunvelyos axali STabeWdilebebis Camoya-

libeba. xelmZRvanelebma unda gaiTavison TanamSromlebis gansakuTrebuloba da Caataron aRqmis

analizi. aseve yuradsaRebia personalis emocionaluroba. Yyovelive zemoT aRniSnulis gaTva-

liswinebiT unda moiZebnos individualuri midgoma TiToeuli muSakisaTvis.

realurad kompanias uwevs daiqiravos ara marto individi, aramed pirovneba mTeli misi

maxasiaTeblebiT. Aadamianis sxvadasxva maxasiaTebeli SeiZleba SeviswavloT cal-calke, magram

sabolood gamokvlevis daskvniTi fazaa – sinTezi, romelic gvTavazobs pirovnebis, rogorc er-

Tiani sistemis kompleqsur analizs. profesionaluri ostatoba ar arsebobs gamocdilebisa da

codnis gareSe, adamianis piradi cxovreba ar SeiZleba mTlianad iyos gancalkevebuli Sromis

procesisgan, moraluri pirobebi ganuyofelia fizikuri pirobebisgan. Cveni SromiTi saqmianoba

bevr raRacaSi gansazRvravs Cvens individualur Tvisebebs, maSasadame, menejerebma unda ifiqron

Tu rogor zemoqmedebs samsaxuri mTlianad pirovnebebze. TanamSromlebi gvevlinebian ara marto

organizaciis wevrebad iq, sadac mimdinareobs maTi SromiTi saqmianoba, aramed sxvadasxva sazo-

gadoebis wevrebad organizaciis gareT. amitom TanamSromlebis pirovnuli ganviTareba dadebi-

Tad aisaxeba aramarto mis SromiT saqmianobaze, aramed is vrceldeba firmis sazRvrebs gare-

Tac.

Ggamoyenebuli literatura:

1. faresaSvili n., qeSelaSvili g. organizaciuli qceva. I nawili. Tb., 2010;

2. faresaSvili n., organizaciuli qceva. II nawili. Tb., 2010;

3. Жоунс Г. Р., Джорджи Дж. М. Организационное поведение: основы управления. М., 2003; 4. Мардас А. Н., Мардас О. А. Организационный менеджмент. СПб., 2003; 5. Маллинз Л. Менеджмент и организационное поведение. М., 2003; 6. Ньюстром Дж. В., Дэвис К. Организационное поведение., СПб.,2000. 7. Панфилова, А. П. Громова, Л. А. Богачек, М. А. Основы Менеджмента, М., 2004; 8. Steven W. Flannes, PhD; Ginger Levin, DPA. 2004; 9. J.C. Rode et al. “Emotional Intelligence and Individual Performance: Evidence of Direct and Moderated Effects,” -2007; 10. J . P . Forgas , Affective Intelligence: Towards Understanding the Role of Affect in Social Thinking and Behavior, 2001; 11. Organizational Behavior-McShane | Von Glinow (fifth edition). 12. Barry M Staw, Robert I. Suttoon, Research in Organizational Behavior, 2000.

106

Nino Paresashvili

Ensuring Ethically Sound Organizational Environment

Resume

The present paper focuses on individual characteristics of a person. People have the unique personal fea-tures, demands, experience received from passed period or they are staying in different physical state in specified period of times and may represent members of different social societies simultaneously. Independently of concrete reasons the individuals actions are due to reality perception. The selective perception not rarely becomes the sub-ject of incorrect judgment by individual elements of the labor process but in future this may provide creation of new imaginations. The leaders should mind specific features of the employees and to carry out perception analy-sis. Emotionality of employees also should be taken into account. Taking into consideration all the above men-tioned, individual approach must be developed for each employee.

If we discuss scientific instruments of the management, social psychology and other disciplines we will have opportunity to study a person behavior in organizations with consideration of different limits. The perfect solution of organizational problems doesn’t exist, however the employees of any company have opportunity to improve labor relations. This process is rather difficult although the received outcome justify the efforts of the management.

107

giorgi SixaSvili

Teologiuri ekonomikis arsi, mizani da amocanebi

Tanamedrove msoflios civilizebul da ekonomikurad ganviTarebul qveynebSi oficialu-

rad miRebul ekonomikur Teoriebsa da praqtikul sameurneo-mmarTvelobiT saqmianobaSi TiTqmis

sruliad aris ugulebelyofili ufali RmerTi, qristianuli sarwmunoebis principebi da zne-

obrivi normebi. amis gamo dRevandeli sazogadoebrivi warmoebis saboloo mizans umetesad am-

qveyniuri siamovnebis (hedonizmi), bednierebis (evdemonizmi), materialuri dovlaTisa da maqsi-

maluri fuladi mogebis nebismieri saSualebiT miReba warmoadgens. aseT safuZvelze damyarebu-

li ekonomikis funqcionireba ki simdidris gaRmerTebas, codvebis sayovelTao gabatonebas da

sazogadoebis sulier dacemas iwvevs, rac imqveyniur cxovrebaSi adamianTa saboloo warwymedas

ganapirobebs.

dRis wesrigSi dgeba qristianuli sarwmunoebis da ekonomikis RvTivdadgenili kavSirur-

TierTobebis Seswavla-gamoyenebis aqtualuri sakiTxi. am umniSvnelovanes saqmeSi Tavisi wvli-

lis Setana qristian ekonomistebTan erTad yvela dainteresebul da kompetentur adamians Se-

uZlia.

ekonomika amqveyniuri cxovrebis materialuri safuZveli da umTavresi Semadgeneli nawi-

lia. sameurneo-mmarTvelobiTi saqmianobis uflisaTvis saTnod warmarTva uzrunvelyofs Cven-

Tvis miwier sixaruls da mniSvnelovanwilad ganapirobebs zeciuri netarebis mopovebas.

qristianuli sarwmunoebis mixedviT, yoveli adamianisaTvis RmerTs dadgenili aqvs amqvey-

niuri da imqveyniuri cxovrebis etapebi. xanmokle miwieri cxovreba aris mzadeba momavali sau-

kuno sicocxlisaTvis, aqedan gamomdinareobs adamianis daniSnuleba da misi miwieri cxovrebis

mizani. marTmadidebluri katexizmo gvaswavlis: ~kacis daniSnuleba is aris, rom ganaviTaros

RvTisagan moniWebuli Zali da niWi da, raodenadac SesaZlebelia SezRudulis arsebisaTvis, mi-

aRwios sisrules da RvTis msgavsebas, miiRos raodenadac SeiZleba, meti monawileoba saukuno

saRmrTo netarebaSi. sul ukanaskneli miswrafeba kacisa aris RmerTi, erToba anu cxoveli kav-

Siri RmerTTan. magram kaci Sesdgeba ara marto sulisagan, aramed xorcisaganac. aqedan cxadia,

rom Tavis daniSnulebas kacma unda miaRwios miwis da qveynis daxmarebiT. xiluli qveyana as-

wavlis kacs sulis amaRlebas RvTisadmi~.1

yoveli qristianis miwieri cxovrebis umaRlesi mizania sakuTari cxovelqmedebis proces-

Si zneobrivi kanonis ganxorcieleba, rac misi sulis netarebas uzrunvelyofs.

adamianis daniSnulebis da cxovrebis miznis amgvari ganmarteba ganapirobebs misive sameur-

neo-mmarTvelobiTi saqmianobis saboloo miznis Sesabamisi gansazRvris aucileblobas, rac Teo-

riuli da praqtikuli ekonomikis umTavres kriteriumad unda iqces.

bibliis mixedviT, samyaro da masSi mimdinare procesebi, maT Soris, sameurneo-mmarTvelo-

biTi saqmianobac, esqatologiuria.2 caTa sasufevelSi ekonomika, biznesi, fuli da miwieri

simdidre ar iarsebebs, yovelive amqveyniuri gardaxdeba, xolo Rirseulebs ufali netar sau-

kuno cxovrebas ganumzadebs, ~radganac viciT, rom Tu es Cveni miwieri saxli, Tu es karavi da-

ingreva, RmerTis mier gvaqvs sasaxle caSi, xelTuqmneli da maradiuli~ (2 kor. 5,1) _ wers

pavle mociquli.

1 saxelmZRvanelo marTlmadidebeli eklesiis katexizmos Sesaswavlad. wignSi: saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari.

1989, gv. 123. 2 esqatologia (berZn.: eschatos _ dasasruli drosa da sivrceSi, zRvari, saboloo mizani da logos _ moZRvreba)

_ qristianuli swavleba samyaros dasasrulis, miwieri istoriis arsis, adamianisa da kacobriobis xvedris

Sesaxeb.

108

marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis mixedviT, sameurneo-mmarTvelobiTi saqmianobis saboloo

mizans adamianis amqveyniur moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebisaTvis saWiro nivTieri da aranivTie-

ri dovlaTis Seqmna unda warmoadgendes RvTivdadgenil im zneobriv safuZvelze, romelic ga-

mudmebuli sulieri srulyofis meSveobiT caTa sasufevelSi adamianis Sesvlas uzrunvelyofs.

ician ra angarebisa da vercxlismoyvareobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli yovliswambilwvelobis

unari, globalizaciis procesebis warmmarTveli zogierTi antiqristianuli da antihumanuri

Zalebi Tavis arakeTilsindisier saqmeebSi swored ekonomikur meTodebs da fuls iyeneben maTsa-

ve mier gegmazomierad gaRatakebuli masebis dasaTrgunavad. Sedegad, dRevandel civilizebul

Tu aracivilizebul msoflioSi TiTqmis sruliad gamefda mamonas, anu fulisa da simdidris

warmarTuli RvTaebis kerpi, romlis Tayvaniscemis gamoc mravali adamiani, rogorc Raribi, ase-

ve mdidari, codvis monad da Surian, borot arsebad gadaiqca.

amasTan dakavSirebiT pavle mociquli gveubneba, rom ukeTuri gziT ~gamdidrebis mosurne-

ni sacduris maxeSi ebmebian, da mravali Sleguri, mavne da kacTa damRupveli da warmwymedi gu-

lisTqmis tyveni xdebian~ (1 tim. 6, 9). amasTan, codvilTa gons moyvanis mizniT igive mociqu-

li adamianebs afrTxilebs, rom yvelani unda warvsdgeT uflis samsjavros winaSe, raTa uzena-

esma ~TviTeuls miagos kuTvnili imis mixedviT, Tu ras iqmoda, sxeulSi myofi, keTils Tu bo-

rots~ (2 kor. 5, 10). samsjavros Semdeg ki uflis gangebiT wavlen codvilni ~saukuno satan-

jvelSi, xolo marTalni _ saukuno sicocxleSi~ (maT. 25, 46).

yovelive zemoaRniSnuli gviCvenebs, rom saqarTvelos WeSmariti progresisaTvis aucilebe-

lia qristianuli ekonomikuri azrovnebisaken Semobruneba. saWiroa ekonomikis funqcionirebis

amqveyniurad aucilebeli, marTlmadidebluri zneobiT dasaSvebi formebis, mimarTulebebis da

masStabebis gansazRvra, am sferoSi codva-danaSaulTa aRkveTis gzebis dadgena da amiT adamian-

Ta da eris sulieri gadarCenis perspeqtivebis gaazreba.

dRis wesrigSi dgeba sxvadasxva aTeisturi, mamonas kerpze da fulze orientirebuli eko-

nomikuri Teoriebis RvTivsulieri, adamianis siyvarulze orientirebuli qristianuli ekonomi-

kuri TeoriiT kanonzomieri da aucilebeli Secvlis aqtualuri sakiTxi.

dRis wesrigSi dgas warTmeul-miviwyebuli qristianuli azrovnebis aRdgena-ganviTarebis,

ekonomikuri Teoriisa da praqtikis WeSmarit, RvTiur gzaze dayenebis umniSvnelovanesi sakiTx-

i, romelic TeologebTan erTad mecnier-ekonomistebma da biznesmenebmac unda gadawyviton.

qristianuli sarwmunoebis mixedviT, xanmokle miwieri cxovreba aris mzadeba momavali sa-

ukuno sicocxlisaTvis, romelSic ekonomika aRar iarsebebs. amitom qristes moZRvreba sameur-

neo saqmianobas ganixilavs rogorc droebiT, esqatologiur process, romlis mizans adamianis

amqveyniuri moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba warmoadgens. am miznis misaRwevad saWiro nivTieri

da aranivTieri dovlaTi unda Seiqmnas RvTivdadgenili zneobrivi moTxovnebis im CarCoebSi, ro-

melTa darRveva adamianis sulis warwymedas gamoiwvevs. aseT safuZvels eyrdnoba bibliuri, da

kerZod, ieso qristes swavleba, romlis umTavresi mizania caTa sasufevelis miRweva.

qristianuli moZRvreba gvaswavlis, rom miwieri cxovreba aris daucxromeli Sromis, su-

lieri srulyofis da zneobrivi gmirobis dro, momavali saukuno cxovrebisaTvis adamianis

TviTSemzadebis periodi.

aqedan gamomdinare, adamianma amqveynad unda moaxdinos sxeulis, samSvinvelis da sulis

moTxovnilebaTa RmerTisaTvis mosawoni urTierTSexameba mociquliseuli deviziT: ~sxeuli _

uflisaTvis, xolo ufali _ sxeulisaTvis~ (1 kor. 6,13), xolo am amocanis praqtikuli gan-

xorcielebis mizniT adamianma, misTvis RvTivboZebuli Tavisufali nebisa da gonierebis meSveo-

biT unda amoirCios azrovnebisa da moqmedebis, maT Soris, ekonomikuri saqmianobis iseTi gza,

romelic uzrunvelyofs mis moxvedras caTa sasufevelSi.

109

aseTi sazogadoebrivi warmoebisaTvis umTavresia RvTis sasufevlis Zieba, xolo danarCeni

miecemaT adamianebs (Sdr. luk. 12,13). amave dros, morwmune da RvTisaTvis saTno adamiani wuTi-

sofelSi gadatanili yvela gaWirvebisaTvis ~samocdaaTjer da metad dajildovdeba amqveyniuri

cxovrebis drosac~.1

Teologiur safuZvelze damyarebuli qristianuli sazogadoebrivi warmoebis procesSi sa-

Tanado socialur-ekonomikur urTierTobaTa da teqnika-teqnologiis meSveobiT unda Seiqmnas

iseTi nivTieri da aranivTieri dovlaTi (qristianuli faseuloba), romelic moemsaxureba su-

lis netarebis uzrunvelmyofi zneobrivi kanonis ganxorcielebas da ar gamoiwvevs RmerTis

gmobas, mamonas gakerpebas da momakvdinebel codvaTa warmoSoba-gabatonebas.

aRsaniSnavia, rom Tanamedrove warmoebis principebi da meTodebi ZiriTadad qristianobis

safuZvelze da mis wiaRSi aris Casaxul-ganviTarebuli da mxolod uRvTo sazogadoebriv-eko-

nomikuri sistemebis pirobebSi moxda maTi RvTivsulierebis uaryofa. qristianuli meurneobri-

oba Tavidanve efuZneboda sakuTrebis nebismier formas, marTvis sxvadasxva meTodebs, gegmur Tu

sabazro urTierTobebs, prioritetulobas da gaTanabrebas motivaciaSi da sxv. amitom qristia-

nuli warmoebisaTvis saWiroa ara raime axali ekonomikur-mmarTvelobiTi paradigmebis, princi-

pebisa da formebis aRmoCena-SemoReba, aramed didi xnis aprobirebulis RvTivsulier Sinaarsob-

riv safuZvelze aRorZineba da sayovelTao gamoyeneba.

amave dros, aucileblad unda iTqvas im diametruli Teoriuli, meTodologiuri da praq-

tikuli gansxvavebis Sesaxeb, romelic arsebobs Tanamedrove warmoebasa da qristianul meurne-

obriobas Soris: Tanamedrove aTeisturi ekonomika mxolod miwieri cxovrebis gaazrebiT Semoi-

fargleba da amitomac SezRudulia da codviani, qristianuli warmoeba ki zeciuri, saukuno

netari cxovrebis perspeqtivazea damyarebuli da amitomac yovlismomcvelia da uflisaTvis

saTno.

qristianuli ekonomikuri saqmianobis aRdgena-damkvidrebis umniSvnelovanesi gza im RvTiv-

dadgenili zneobrivi normebis dacvaa, romelTa uaryofa yovelTvis warmoSobda da kvlavac ga-

moiwvevs umwvaves sulier, socialur-ekonomikur da ekologiur problemebs.

Teologiuri ekonomika RvTismetyvelur-ekonomikuri xasiaTis samecniero-praqtikuli da

saswavlo disciplinaa. igi ikvlevs sameurneo-mmarTvelobiT procesebSi adamianis da sazogadoe-

bis materialur da sulier moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebisaTvis saWiro nivTieri da aranivTie-

ri dovlaTis Seqmnisa da gamoyenebis sinergiul gzebs RvTivdadgenil im zneobriv safuZvelze,

romelic adamianis da eris saukuno netarebas uzrunvelyofs.

Teologiuri ekonomika aris sameurneo-mmarTvelobiTi saqmianobis RvTivdadgenili Teori-

ul-meTodologiuri safuZveli, romlis praqtikuli realizacia uzrunvelyofs calkeuli ada-

mianis, sazogadoebis, eris, saxelmwifos da kacobriobis RvTivsulier harmoniul socialur-e-

konomikur ganviTarebas

qristianuli ekonomikis umTavresi principia – faseulobaTa (maT Soris _ fulis, qone-

bis, simdidris) simarTliT (RvTivdadgenili zneobiT) mopoveba da sikeTeSi gamoyeneba. Teologiuri ekonomikis amocanebi mecnieruli kvlevis sferoSi Semdegia:

• ekonomikuri Teoriis marTlmadidebluri gaazreba;

• adamianis daniSnuleba da cxovrebis mizani;

• sazogadoebrivi warmoebis saboloo mizani;

• ekonomikuri, mmarTvelobiTi da sasoflo-sameurneo Tematika wminda werilSi;

• marTlmadidebeli wmindanebi da RvTismetyvelebi ekonomikisa da marTvis Sesaxeb;

1 mitropoliti inokenti. gza caTa sasufevlisa. Tbilisi, 1994, gv. 33.

110

• Teologiuri ekonomika, rogorc samecniero-praqtikuli da saswavlo disciplina;

• saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II socialur-ekonomikur-ekologiuri da sasof-

lo-sameurneo sakiTxebis Sesaxeb;

• eklesiis adgili da roli sazogadoebaSi;

• organizaciul-samarTlebrivi dokumentebi saeklesio ekonomikisa da marTvis sferoSi;

• ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis organizacia saeklesio-samonastro ekonomikis sferoSi;

• saqarTvelos eklesiis sameurneo saqmianobis aRorZineba-ganmtkicebis ZiriTadi mimarTu-

lebebi;

• qristianuli principebis asaxvis aucilebloba saqarTvelos socialur-ekonomikuri gan-

viTarebis koncefciaSi;

• saeklesio-samonastro ekonomikisa da saero biznesis Teologiur-sinergiuli ganviTare-

bis safuZvlebi da sxv.

bibliis zneobrivi swavlebisa da Teologiuri ekonomikis principebis mixedviT, yovelma

adamianma da calkeulma organizaciam Semdegi movaleobebi da saqmeebi unda aRasrulos SeZlebi-

samebr:

1. pativi miagos RmerTs da saxsari Seswiros eklesiis ganviTarebas;

2. gawios qvelmoqmdeba, daexmaros gaWirvebulebs;

3. moixados movaleoba saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis winaSe;

4. izrunos RmerTis qmnilebis – bunebis dacva-SenarCunebisaTvis;

5. daikmayofilos piradi da saojaxo moTxovnilebebi;

6. gamonaxos, SeinarCunos da ganaviTaros Semosavlis wyaro;

7. izrunos gansvenebulTa sulebis saoxad.

es RvTaebrivi sibrZne unda daedos safuZvlad yoveli adamianis, sazogadoebisa da eris

saqmianobas cxovelqmedebis yvela sferoSi, maT Soris, upirvelesad, sameurneo-mmarTvelobiT

praqtikaSi.

aRniSnuli movaleobebi uflismierad akisria yvelas – calkeul adamians, ojaxs, samTav-

robo, samewarmeo Tu arasamTavrobo, arasamewarmeo organizaciebs, parlaments, sasamarTlos,

masmedias, mTlianad saxelmwifos, mis liderebs, mefeebs, prezidentebs, premier-ministrebs da

TviT eklesiasac.

saxelmwifom, misma organizaciebma, mmarTvelebma da mewarmeebma ar unda daiviwyon, rom

isini RmerTis nebis, daSvebis da ganCinebebis safuZvelze arseboben da misganve mowodebuli

arian izrunon adamianis, eris, sazogadoebis, qveynis da eklesiis keTildReobisaTvis. winaaR-

mdeg SemTxvevaSi duxWiri da sulierad daclili sazogadoeba arc da verc uzrunvelyofs sa-

xelmwifos arsebobas, xolo ufali sxva, xalxisaTvis mzrunvel mmarTvelobas da mewarmeebs

mouvlens qveyanas.

ebraelTa mefe, bibliuri winaswarmetyveli, mefsalmune daviTi, maSindeli saxelmwifo mo-

xeleebi, samxedroebi, mewarmeebi, mTeli eri madlierebiT da siyvaruliT swiravdnen RmerTis

wyalobiT miRebul qonebas imave RmerTs da mis eklesias. wm. daviTi ase mimarTavs qveynis Se-

moqmeds da gamgebels: ~Senia, ufalo, dideba, Zliereba, qeba, Zleva da didebuleba, iseve ro-

gorc yovelive caze da qveyanaze. Senia ufalo, mefoba, yvelaze aRmatebuli xar mTavrad. sim-

didre da dideba Sengan modis, Sen ganageb yovelives, Sens xelSia Zala da Zliereba, Sens xel-

Sia yovelives gandideba da ganmtkiceba. ...vina var me, an vin aris Cemi eri, amdenis Semowirva

111

rom SeviZeliT? radgan yovelive es Sengan aris, es yovelive Seni xeliT mocemuli SemogwireT.

vinaidan mdgmurni da xizanni varT Sens winaSe, Cveni mama-papis msgavsad. ...axla ki gaxarebuls

vxedav aq myof Sens ers, romelic Sesawiravs giZRvnis. ...samaradisod daicavi es, Seni eris gu-

lis fiqrebi da zraxvani da Sensken warmarTe maTi gulebi~ (1 neSt. 29, 11-18).

saxelmwifosa da mTeli sazogadoebis upirvelesi movaleoba swored RmerTisadmi pativis

migeba da sulierebis aRmSeneblobaa. am mxriv unda aRiniSnos angia winaswarmetyvelis wigni,

romlis Sinaarsi uaRresad aqtualuria dRevandeli saqarTvelosaTvis. masSi, saxeldobr, gata-

rebulia azri, rom Tu eri ganudga ufals, sarwmunoebrivad dakninda da ar surs Sroma da

saxsari Seswiros taZris (rogorc konkretulis, aseve zogadis – erovnul-sulieri taZris)

Senebas da mxolod pirad keTildReoba-gamdidrebaze zrunavs, igi sastikad isjeba. xolo, Tu

aRadgens dangreul taZars da daubrundeba mama-papaTa sarwmunoebas, maSin ufali masTan iqneba

da yvelaferSi gaamarjvebinebs.

angia winaswarmetyvelis piriT RmerTi sayvedurobs mdidrebs, rom isini keTilmowyobil

saxlebSi cxovroben, xolo uflis saxli da saqme ki migdebuli aqvT. ase ambobs cabaoT ufa-

li: ,,daukvirdiT Tqvens saqciels. bevrs TesavT, magram cotasa mkiT; WamT, magram ver ZRebiT;

svamT, magram ver iklavT wyurvils; icvamT, magram ver TbebiT; gaxvretili qisisTvis iRebs

mSromeli Sromis sazRaurs. ...bevris molodini gaqvT, magram mciredi gisruldebaT; rac saxlSi

migaqvT, imasac vaniaveb, ...imitom, rom migdebulia Cemi saxli, Tqven ki yvelani Tqven saxlebze

zrunavT. amitom aris, rom dagikavaT cam cvari da miwam dagikavaT mosavali. gamovixme gvalva

miwaze, mTebze, purze, Rvinoze, zeTisxilze da yvelaferze, rasac miwa aRmoacenebs; adamianze,

pirutyvze da yovelive naWirnaxulevze~ (ang. 1, 5-11).

ismina xalxma RmerTis xma da daiwyo taZris mSenebloba, xolo ufali amxnevebs mas: ,,ga-

magrdi, mTelo qveynis ero! ambobs ufali, da iSromeT, radgan TqvenTana var, ambobs cabaoT

ufali. ...Cemi suli imyofebs Tqvens Soris. nu geSiniaT. ...kidev cotac da Sevaryev cas da mi-

was, zRvasa da xmeleTs. Sevaryev yvela xalxs, da asruldeba yoveli xalxis sawadeli: dide-

biT avavseb am saxls, ambobs cabaoT ufali. Cemia vercxli da Cemia oqro, ambobs cabaoT ufali.

pirvandelze ufro didi iqneba am ukanaskneli saxlis dideba, ambobs cabaoT ufali. am adgilze

movafen mSvidobas, ambobs cabaoT ufali~ (ang. 2, 4-9).

am mcire moculobis wignis dakvirvebuli mkiTxveli SeamCnevs, rom masSi gadmocemulia

fundamenturi Teologiuri midgoma iseTi umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxisadmi, rogoric aris socia-

lur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis erovnuli koncefcia, rac esoden aqtualuria Tanamedrove saqar-

TvelosaTvis.

saqarTveloSi dRes mimdinare sulieri aRorZinebis procesi, xalxis (gansakuTrebiT _

axalgazrdobis) mobruneba sarwmunoebisaken, taZar-monastrebis gansacvifrebeli momravleba, sa-

suliero literaturis nakadis, maT Soris, Teologiur-ekonomikuri xasiaTis naSromebis saoca-

ri zrda, Cveni drois saswauli _ wmida samebis grandiozuli taZris aSeneba, yovelive naTlad

gviCvenebs, rom vismineT uflisa da kvlav davadeqiT mis gzas, rac Cveni gadarCenis, gamarjvebis

da RvTivsulieri harmoniuli socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis sawindars warmoadgens.

112

Giorgi Shikhashvili

The Essence, Goal and Objectives of Theological Economics

Resume

The supreme goal of each Christian’s earthly life is realization of moral law in his/her own activities that shall ensure his /her spiritual beatitude.

In accordance with the Orthodox faith final goal of economic activity is the production of material and im-material wealth to satisfy requirements of humankind based on the moral foundation designated by the Lord, that through constant spiritual perfection shall ensure a human’s entering the heavens.

Such material and immaterial wealth should be created in the process of Christian public production based on theological foundations through social-economic relations and technology that shall serve spiritual beatitude ensuring moral laws realization.

Theological economics is economic-managerial activity God-designated theoretical-methodological basis the practical realization of which shall ensure every human’s, society, nation, state and humanity God-spiritual harmonic social-economic development.

113

giorgi SixaSvili

irakli svaniZe

sameurneo-mmarTvelobiTi Tematika axal aRTqmaSi

axali aRTqmis sibrZne gvaswavlis:

• ̀ Tu vinmes ar surs muSaoba, maSin nurca Wams~ (2 Tes. 3, 10) • ̀ Rirsia maSvrali Tavisi sazRaurisa~ (luk. 10, 7)

• ̀ netar arian mowyaleni, vinaidan isini Sewyalebul iqnebian~ (maT. 5, 7)

• ̀ umjobesia gasce, vidre miiRo~ (saqme. 20, 34-35) saqarTvelos normaluri socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTareba warmoudgenelia fundamenturi

koncefciis gareSe, romlis SemuSavebisaTvis aucilebelia erovnul da zogadsakacobrio faseu-

lobaTa gaTvaliswineba da maTi optimaluri SeTanawyoba ekonomikuri saqmianobis procesSi.

zogadsakacobrio da erovnul faseulobaTa Soris zeaRmatebuli adgili biblias, Teolo-

giur zneobas da masze dafuZnebul saTanado socialur-ekonomikur saqmianobas ukavia.

bibliaSi asaxulia mTeli samyaros da misi yoveli Semadgeneli nawilis, maT Soris eko-

nomikisa da marTvis sawyisi, istoriuli warsuli, awmyo da momavali.

socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis uzogadesi safuZvlebis gaazrebisaTvis aucilebelia

bibliaSi, kerZod, axal aRTqmaSi asaxuli sameurneo Tematikis saTanado Seswavla.

sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebulia diletanturi azri, TiTqos qristianuli sarwmunoeba gani-

kiTxavs adamianTa amqveyniur moTxovnilebebs, miwier sixaruls, Sromas, ekonomikur saqmianobas,

simdidres. aseTi Sexedulebis usafuZvlobas gvidasturebs axali aRTqma, romlis swavlebis mi-

xedviT yovelive amqveyniuri dasaSvebia, Tuki igi simarTles, sikeTes, zneobasa da siyvaruls

efuZneba da emsaxureba.

yovelive adamianurisadmi pativiscemas gamoxatavs ieso qristes mier moxdenili pirveli

saswauli galileis qalaq kanaSi, sadac macxovari, mariam RvTismSobeli da mowafeebi qorwil-

Si iyvnen miwveulni. xelmokle maspinZlebs Rvino SemoakldaT. iesom dedamisis TxovniT Tvra-

met sawyaulamde wyali gardaqmna saukeTeso Rvinod. igi miarTves sufris Tamadas, riTac mas

lxinis gagrZelebis saSualeba mieca; ~ase daudo dasabami iesom saswaulebs galileis kanaSi,

da gamoavlina dideba Tvisi. da iwames igi misma mowafeebma~ (ioan. 2, 11). es movlena gamoxatavs

macxovris keTilmosurne damokidebulebas adamianTa amqveyniuri moTxovnilebebisadmi, romelTa

dakmayofilebis aucilebloba warmoebis, sameurneo-mmarTvelobiTi saqmianobis da ekonomikuri

urTierTobebis safuZvels warmoadgens.

Sroma uflis mier dadgenilia adamianis movaleobad da moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis

saSualebad. adamis da evas kurTxevisas RmerTma uTxra maT: ~inayofiereT da imravleT, aavseT

dedamiwa, daeufleT mas, epatroneT zRvaSi Tevzs, caSi frinvels, yovel cxovels, rac ki de-

damiwaze daxoxavs~ (dab. 1, 28). jer kidev evas Seqmnamde ~aiyvana adami ufalma RmerTma da daa-

saxla edemis baRSi mis dasamuSaveblad da dasacavad~ (dab. 2, 15). pirveli codvisaTvis das-

jil adams ufali eubneba: ` ...miwa daiwyevlos Sens gamo: tanjviT miiRebde misgan sazrdos

mTeli sicocxle. ...pirofliani Wamde purs, vidre miwad miiqceode, radgan misgana xar aRebu-

li, radgan mtveri xar da mtvradve miiqcevi~ (dab. 3, 17, 19).

aqedan Cans, rom ukve pirvel adamianebs amqveyniuri saqmianobis umTavres mimarTulebad

RmerTma Sroma, sameurneo saqmianoba dauwesa. amasTanave, gansakuTrebulad aris aRniSnuli ada-

mianis mxridan dedamiwis da cocxali samyaros marTva-gamgeobis, patronobis, damuSavebis da

dacvis aucilebloba.

114

uaRresad mravalferovania axali aRTqmis sameurneo-mmarTvelobiTi Tematika. ekonomikuri

saqmianobis safuZvlebi asaxulia mimdinare ambebsa da movlenebSi, ieso qristes saswaulebSi,

qadagebebSi, saubrebSi da igavebSi, agreTve qristes mociqulTa cxovrebasa da SemoqmedebaSi.

sameurneo saqmianobis uflismieri kurTxeva aris asaxuli saswaulebriv TevzWeraSi, rome-

lic macxovarma moaxdina genesareTis (galileis) tbaSi. mTeli Ramis unayofo SromiT damaS-

vralma simon petrem da misma amxanagebma ~...daiWires imdeni Tevzi, rom bade exeodaT~ (luk. 5,

6). es movlena gamoxatavs Sromis procesis qristesmier waxalisebas.

tiberiades zRvis gadaRma iesom saswaulebrivad daapura xuTi aTasi mSieri adamiani. es

SemTxveva gansakuTrebiT imiT aris aRsaniSnavi, rom dapurebis Semdeg iesom Tavis mowafeebs

uTxra: ~akrifeT narCenebi, rom araferi daikargos~ (ioan. 6, 12). mowafeebma akrifes da gaavses

Tormeti kalaTi qeris puris natexebiT, rac Wamis Semdeg darCa. macxovris mowodebasa da mo-

wafeTa qmedebaSi asaxulia Teoriuli debuleba da praqtikuli gza Sromis produqtebis dafa-

seba-gafrTxilebis, unarCeno warmoeba-moxmarebisa da garemosdacviTi saqmianobisaTvis. es ki, Ta-

namedrove gagebiT, mdgradi ganviTarebis fundamentur paradigmas warmoadgens. dRemde socia-

lur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis procesSi praqtiklad ugulebelyofilia es RvTaebrivi swavleba,

ris gamoc uaRresad aris gamwvavebuli globaluri ekonomikur-ekologiuri krizisi, romlis

daZleva mxolod bibliuri sameurneo-ekologiuri moZRvrebis gaazreba-gamoyenebis meSveobiT

aris SesaZlebeli.

sameurneo saqmianobaSi, kerZod, mSeneblobaSi ekonomikur-ekologiuri kompetenturobis

aucileblobaze migviTiTebs ieso qristes igavi gonieri da ugono mSeneblebis Sesaxeb (maT. 7,

24-27; luk. 6, 47-49). aq macxovari gvaswavlis: ~yvelas, vinc ismens Cems sityvebs da asru-

lebs maT, me vamsgavseb gonier kacs, romelmac kldeze daaSena Tavisi saxli. da movida wvima,

movardnen mdinareni, daqroles qarebma da ekveTnen am saxls, magram ver dasces, vinaidan klde-

ze iyo dafuZnebuli. da yvelas, vinc ismens Cems sityvebs, magram ar asrulebs maT, me vamsgav-

seb ugunur kacs, romelmac qviSaze aaSena Tavisi saxli. da movida wvima, movardnen mdinareni,

daqroles qarebma da ekveTnen am saxls da dasces; da didi iyo dacema misi~ (maT. 7, 24-27).

Zneli SesamCnevi ar aris, rom am sibrZnis ugulebelyofis gamo dRes CvenSic da mTel

msoflioSic mravali ekonomikur-ekologiuri problema aris gamwvavebuli.

nebismieri saqmis warmateba uSualod aris damokidebuli gulmodgine gaazrebis, dagegmvis,

saTanado SesaZleblobebis gamovlenisa da Sesabamisi saxsrebiT uzrunvelyofis siavkargeze. aq

movixmoT saxarebiseuli sibrZne, romliTac gvmoZRvravs da gvafrTxilebs ufali ieso qriste:

` ...Tu romelime Tqvengani koSkis agebas moisurvebs, gana Tavdapirvelad ar dajdeba da ar ga-

moTvlis xarjs, rac dasWirdeba mis dasrulebas? raTa, saZirkvels Tu Cayris, magram ver Ses-

Zlebs daasrulos, mnaxvelebma dacinva ar dauwyon mas, da ara Tqvan: ai, kaci, romelmac daiwyo

Seneba da dasruleba ki ver SesZloo~ (luk. 14, 28-30).

dRes, axali sazogadoebis mSeneblobis procesSi, Cven swored aseT saCoTiro mdgomareo-

baSi aRmovndiT, rac mravali obieqturi da subieqturi mizeziT aris gamowveuli. am mizezTa

Soris upirvelesad aRsaniSnavia ekonomikuri reformis arayovelmxrivi mecnieruli da Teori-

ul- meTodologiuri uzrunvelyofa, rac fundamenturi koncefciis arqonasa da idea-modelebis

ucxoTagan kalkirebiTaa gamoxatuli.

unda aRiniSnos, rom igavebi ieso qristes qadagebis gansakuTrebul formas warmoadgens.

igavebiT gansja gvxvdeba Zvel aRTqmaSic, magram saocar silamazes, sibrZnes da srulyofilebas

man macxovris metyvelebaSi miaRwia. swavlebis aseTi forma imisaTvis iyo saWiro, rom adamia-

nebs advilad gaegoT axali aRTqmis sibrZne. Tavisi igavebis cxovrebiseuli da sameurneo-mmar-

TvelobiTi magaliTebis meSveobiT ieso qriste gviCvenebs socialur-ekonomikuri saqmianobis

RvTivsulier safuZvlebs da caTa sasufevelSi adamianis damkvidrebis gzebs.

115

igavSi xorblisa da RvarZlis Sesaxeb macxovari gvaswavlis: ~caTa sasufeveli msgavsia

kacisa, romelmac daTesa keTili Tesli Tavis yanaSi. xolo rodesac eZina xalxs, movida misi

mteri, RvarZli CaTesa yanaSi da wavida. da rodesac aRmocenda jejili da TavTavi daisxa, ma-

Sin gamoCnda RvarZlic. mividnen monebi yanis patronTan da uTxres: batono, Sen xom keTili

Tesli daTese yanaSi; saidana aqvs RvarZli? xolo man uTxra maT: mterma qna es. monebma ki

uTxres: Tu gnebavs, mivalT da gavmarglavT yanas. xolo man Tqva: ara, raTa margvlisas

RvarZls jejilic ar miayoloT. acadeT, erTad izardon mkamde; xolo mkisas vubrZaneb mom-

kalT: Tavdapirvelad SekribeT RvarZli, Znebad SekariT da cecxli waukideT, xorbali ki Sei-

naxeT Cems beRelSi~ (maT. 13, 24-30). am igavSi gadmocemulia soflis meurneobis produqciis

warmoebis sruli procesi; aRwerilia xorblis daTesva, gare faqtorebis mavne zegavlena yanis

mdgomareobaze, jejilis movla-gafrTxileba, mosavlis aReba-dabinaveba, xelmZRvanelis da xel-

qveiTebis urTierToba.

vaWroba-mogebis uflismier waxalisebas asaxavs igavi talantebze (maT. 25, 14-30). masSi

gadmocemulia Semdegi sameurneo situacia. erTma kacma Sors gamgzavrebisas Tavisi qoneba msa-

xurebs Caabara, ` ... misca erTs xuTi talanti,1 meores _ ori, mesames _ erTi, TviTeuls misi

SeZlebisamebr, da gaemgzavra. xolo xuTi talantis mimRebi wavida, saqmeSi daabanda isini, da

xuTi sxva talantic moigo. aseve ori talantis mimRebma moigo ori sxvac. xolo erTi talan-

tis mimRebi wavida, miwaSi dafla is, da damala Tavisi patronis vercxli~ (maT. 25, 15-18). di-

di xnis Semdeg qonebis patroni dabrunda da angariSi mosTxova msaxurebs. man Seaqo saqmiani

msaxurebi da sxva, ufro did saqmeSi aRuTqva ndoba. Semdeg igi kicxavs ukeTur da mconara

msaxurs da eubneba mas: ...gmarTebda vaWrebisaTvis migeca Cemi vercxli, raTa dabrunebuls mime-

Ro Cemi sesxi monagebiTurT~ (maT. 25, 27). patronma daiTxova es msaxuri da misTvis micemuli

vercxli gadasca aTi talantis mqone, saqmian msaxurs. am igavSi biznesis waxalisebasTan erTad

kargad aris gamokveTili marTvis iseTi funqciebi, rogoric aris motivacia da kontroli.

sameurneo saqmianobidan nametis miReba uflismieri kurTxeviT TviT bunebriv procesebSi

aris Cadebuli. magaliTad, mTesavze igavSi naTqvamia, rom ` ...gamovida mTesavi Tesvad. xolo

Tesvisas zogi marcvali gzis piras davarda, da mofrindnen frinvelebi da akenkes isini. zogic

qvian adgilas davarda, sadac blomad ar iyo miwa, da male aRmocenda, vinaidan niadagi ar iyo

Rrma. magram amovida Tu ara mze, daWkna, da radgan fesvi ar hqonda, gaxma. zogi kidev ekal-

bardebSi Cacvivda, da amovida ekali da erTianad moaSTo yvela. xolo zogi poxier niadagze

daeca da nayofic gamoiRo: zogma asi, zogma samoci da zogmac ocdaaTi~ (maT. 13, 3-8).

igavSi daTesvasa da aRmocenebaze macxovari gveubneba: ` ...RmrTis sasufeveli imasa hgavs,

kaci rom Tesls CaTesavs miwaSi, da sZinavs, da dgeba dRisiT Tu RamiT, da arki icis, rogor

aRmocendeba da izrdeba Tesli. radganac miwas TavisTavad gamoaqvs nayofi: jer Rero, Semdeg

TavTavi, bolos, savse marcvali TavTavSi. da roca damwifdeba TavTavi, maSinve gagzavnis nam-

gals, vinaidan damdgara mka~ (mark. 4, 26-29).

aRsaniSnavia, agreTve igavi mdogvis marcvalze, romelSic naTqvamia: ` ...caTa sasufeveli

msgavsia mdogvis marcvlisa, romelic aiRo kacma da daTesa Tavis yanaSi; es marcvali yovelna-

ir Teslze mcirea, magram roca amova, yvela mwvanilze didi xdeba da xed iqceva, ise rom mof-

rinaven cis frinvelebi da mis totebze ibudeben~ (maT. 13, 31-32).

ekonomikuri saqmianobis procesSi zogierT adamians didZali qoneba ugrovdeba. bibliaSi

uxvad aris magaliTebi mdidari da amasTan, marTali, keTili da RmerTisaTvis saTno adamianebi-

sa. aseTebi arian: abraami, isaaki, iakobi, iosebi, daviTi, solomoni, iosafati, iobi, ioseb arima-

1 erTi talanti (qanqari) udris 49,116 kg oqros. Zvelad saqonlis fass Zvirfasi liTonebis woniT

gansazRvravdnen. aReb-micemobaSi iyenebdnen oqro-vercxlis nivTebs, zodebs, sxmulebs, romelTa wonac qisaSi

gamokruli specialuri sawoni qvebis wonas Seesabameboda (rjl. 25, 13).

116

Tieli, zaqe da sxv. macxovari gveubneba: ~netar arian mowyaleni, vinaidan isini Sewyalebulni

iqnebian~ (maT. 5, 7).

simdidris keTilad gamoyenebiT adamians SeuZlia caTa sasufevels miaRwios, ukeTuri mdi-

dari ki jojoxeTSi xvdeba. magaliTad, igavSi mdidari kacisa da lazares Sesaxeb (luk. 16, 19-

31) moTxrobilia Tu rogor daimona adamiani moxveWilma qonebam da fulma. am mdidars ar ebra-

leboda mis WiSkarTan mwoliare glaxaki da avadmyofi lazare. sikvdilis Semdeg lazare xvdeba

samoTxeSi, xolo mdidari _ jojoxeTSi. am igavis mixedviT mdidari isjeba ara simdidris, ara-

med gaumaZRrobis, ukeTurobisa da glaxakTa Seubraleblobis gamo.

mmarTvelobiTi, kerZod ki – motivaciis TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa igavi erTgul sax-

lmmarTvelze (luk. 12, 36-48). am igavSi macxovari gvaswavlis, rom unda viyoT im kacTa msgav-

sni, romelnic moelian TavianT batons, rodis dabrundeba saxlSi, raTa darekvisTanave gavuRoT

kari. aseTi msaxurebi sifxizlisaTvis friad dafasdebian patronis mier, igi ~sartyels moir-

tyams, dasxams, miva da emsaxureba maT~, amasTan erTgul da gonier mnes `mTels Tavis sarCo-sa-

badebels meTvalyured miuCens~, xolo zarmaci msaxurebi mkacrad daisjebian.

erTxel gzad mimavali ieso sofelSi Sevida da marTam, Tavis saxlSi SeipatiJa igi (luk.

10, 38-42). marTas da mariami iesos ferxTiT Camojda da ismenda mis sityvas. ~marTa ki dafus-

fusebda, vinaidan bevri sazrunavi hqonda samaspinZlod; mivida da uTxra mas: ufalo, nuTu ver

xedav, rom Cemma dam marto me momando maspinZloba? uTxari, xeli SemaSvelos. miugo iesom da

uTxra mas: marTa, marTa, bevr rameze zrunav da SfoTav; magram saWiroa mxolod erTi ram. ma-

riamma ki ukeTesi wili irCia, romelic ar waerTmeva mas~ (luk. 10, 40-42).

erTxel qalaq ierixonSi mebaJeTa ufros zaqes ieso stumrad ewvia (luk. 19, 1-10). mona-

nulma zaqem uTxra ufals: ~aha, ufalo, Cemi qonebis naxevars mivcem glaxakT, da Tu vinmes ci-

li vwame, oTxmagad vuzRav. uTxra mas iesom: dRes moevlina xsna am saxls, vinaidan esec Zea

abraamisa. radgan Ze kacisa movida dakargulTa saZebnad da dasaxsnelad~ (luk. 19, 8-10).

zemoaRweril orive SemTxvevaSi saxarebiseuli sibrZne gvaswavlis, rom zeciuri da miwie-

ri sazrunavebi meoradia da adamianma unda eZios zeciuri sasufeveli da yovelive danarCeni mas

uflisgan miecema (luk. 12, 31).

axali aRTqmis mixedviT Sroma aucilebelia rogorc Cveni sakuTari, aseve sxva adamianebis

saWiroebaTa dakmayofilebisaTvis. pavle mociquli gvaswavlis: ~gulmodgined ecadeT, rom icx-

ovroT mSvidad, akeToT Tqveni saqme, da iSromoT Tqveni xeliT, rogorc gamcno Tqven, raTa

Rirseulad iqceodeT gareSeTa mimarT, da araferi gakldeT~ (1 Tes. 4, 11-12). adamiani valdebu-

lia miatovos ukeTuri saqme, ~iSromos da keTili saqme akeTos Tavisi xeliT, raTa SeeZlos

gaikiTxos gaWirvebuli~ (efes. 4, 28). pavle mociquli Tavad iZleoda aseT magaliTs da eubne-

boda mowafeebs: `Tqven TviTon iciT, rom ai, es xelebi Svelodnen Cems gasaWirs da maTsasac

vinc iyvnen CemTan. yovelnairad giCveneT Tqven, rom amnairi SromiT unda SeewioT sneulT, da

gaxsovdeT uflis iesos sityvebi, radganac Tavad Tqva: umjobesia gasce, vidre miiRo~ (saqme

20, 34-35).

gaWirvebul adamianTagan, albaT, yvelaze metad avadmyofebi itanjebian da amitomac did

daxmarebas saWiroeben. axal aRTqmaSi sneulTa mkurnalobas mniSvnelovani adgili aqvs daTmobi-

li.

ieso qriste didi siyvaruliT da sruliad uangarod kurnavda avadmyofebs. mociqulebmac

qristesgan miiRes sneulTa mkurnalobis unari: `da mouxmo Tavis Tormet mowafes, da misca

maT xelmwifeba uwmindur sulTa gandevnisa da yovelgvari senisa Tu yovelgvari uZlurebis

gankurnebisa~ (maT. 10, 1). wargzavna mowafeebi ieso qristem RmrTis sasufevlis saqadageblad

da sneulTa gansakurnavad da uTxra maT: ~miakiTxeT da uqadageT, rom moaxlovda caTa sasufe-

117

veli. gankurneT sneulni, ganwmindeT keTrovanni, aRadgineT mkvdarni, gandevneT eSmakni; usasyid-

lod migiRiaT da usasyidlodve gaeciT~ (maT. 10, 7-8).

calkeuli adamianis da sazogadoebis janmrTeloba ar unda iyos komerciis mizani da sa-

gani. komerciis morevSi nebiT Tu uneburad Cafluli, fuls gamodevnebuli, angarebiT daavade-

buli mkurnali verc sakuTar Tavs ganikurnavs uzneobis senisagan [~mkurnalo, ganikurne Seni

Tavi~ (luk. 4, 23)] da verc sxvas uSvelis rames.

amave dros, eqimis Sroma, misi udidesi humanuri da saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobidan ga-

momdinare, aucileblad maRalanazRaurebadi unda iyos. ieso qriste aqac gvaswavlis, rom Rir-

sia muSaki Tavisi sagzlisa da sazRaurisa (maT. 10, 10; luk. 10, 7). mkurnals saTanado garan-

tirebul xelfass unda aZlevdes saxelmwifo, an romelime organizacia, xolo pacienti, winas-

wari iZulebis gareSe, nebayoflobiTi gasamrjeloTi, SeZlebisamebr madlobdes eqims. misaRebia,

agreTve alternatiuli, kerZo komerciuli samedicino saqmianobac, gansakuTrebiT maSin Tu qve-

yanaSi imoqmedebs maRalorganizebuli, usasyidlo, sadazRvevo da zneobriv principebze damyare-

buli jandacvis sistema. aseTi sistema unda eyrdnobodes saxelmwifoebrivi, saeklesio-samonas-

tro, kerZo sadazRvevo da mesame seqtoris (arasamewarmeo, arakomerciuli) samkurnalo organi-

zaciebis harmoniul arseboba-ganviTarebas.

Tavdadebuli, uangaro Sromis da mkurnalobis uamrav magaliTs TviT ieso qriste gvaZ-

levs axal aRTqmaSi. amasve akeTebdnen misi mociqulebi da mowafeebi. magaliTad, pavle mociqu-

li karvebis keTebiT iyo dakavebuli (saqme 18, 3). misive TqmiT _ `Tu vinmes ar surs muSaoba,

maSin nurca Wams~ (2 Tes. 3, 10). amasTanave, vinaidan Sroma, misi RvTaebrivi daniSnulebisamebr,

caTa sasufevlis mopovebaSi unda gvexmarebodes, macxovari gvaswavlis: ~xrwnadi sazrdosaTvis

nuki zrunavT, aramed izruneT sazrdosaTvis, romelic rCeba saukuno sicocxled, da romelsac

mogcemT Ze kacisa; vinaidan mama RmerTma aRbeWda igi~ (ioan. 6, 27).

meurneobriobis Sedegad miRebuli dovlaTis ganawileba-gadanawilebisa da, kerZod, sagada-

saxado-safinanso saqmisaTvis fuZemdeblurs da savaldebulos unda warmoadgendes ieso qristes

swavleba: ~miageT keisars keisrisa, xolo RmerTs RmrTisa~ (maT. 22, 21). masSi asaxulia same-

urneo saqmianobis umTavresi funqcia da zneobrivi normac. keisris (xelisuflebis) msaxureba

xels ar unda uSlides RmerTis WeSmarit msaxurebas da zneobriobis aRsrulebas.

axali aRTqmidan naTlad sCans, rom sameurneo-mmarTvelobiTi saqmianoba TviT RmerTis mi-

er aris dadgenil-waxalisebuli da gvevlineba rogorc qristianuli swavlebis erT-erTi um-

Tavresi Semadgeneli nawili. aqedan gamomdinare, savsebiT marTebulad migvaCnia vilaparakoT so-

cialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis Teologiuri gaazrebis SesaZleblobasa da aucileblobaze.

miT ufro, rom ucxoeTSi ukve didi xania Camoyalibda iseTi samecniero-praqtikuli da saswav-

lo disciplinebi rogoricaa: Teologiuri ekonomika, Teologiuri sameurneo eTika, qristianu-

li ekonomika, qristianuli biznesi da sxv.

gardamavali periodis socialur-ekonomikuri reformebis warmatebisa da saqarTvelos

Semdgomi winsvlisaTvis aucilebelia bibliuri da religiur-eTikuri poziciebidan gaviazroT

sazogadoebis ganviTarebis kanonzomierebebi.

dRis wesrigSi dgas qarTuli tradiciuli msoflmxedvelobisaken Semobruneba da Tanamed-

roveobasTan harmoniulad Sexamebuli Teologiuri ekonomikuri azrovnebisa da Sesabamisi same-

urneo saqmianobis ganviTareba. swored aseT saZirkvels efuZneboda saukuneebis manZilze Cveni

sazogadoebrivi da sameurneo yofa, ramac istoriul qartexilebSi fizikur gadarCenasTan er-

Tad, Tavis droze, msoflioSi mowinave da TviTmyofadi ekonomikuri kulturis eradac warmog-

vaCina.

amis Sesaxeb wm. ilia marTali (WavWavaZe) werda: ~ueWvelia, Cveni uwindeli ekonomiuri

wyoba iseTi yofila, rom xalxs iqidam hqonia is qonebiTi Zal-Rone, romliTac igi gasZRolia

118

amodena vai-vaglaxsa da omebsa amodena xnis ganmavlobaSi. ai, sagani Rirs SesaniSnavi da metad

saintereso gamosakvlevad. es sagani rom Tval-win hqondes Cvens exlandel meistories, am sa-

ganzed rom ueWveli pasuxi mogvces vinme, bevrs naTels mohfenda awmyosa da momavalsac gzas

gaunaTebda~,1 ~...warsuli _ mkvidri saZirkvelia awmyosi, rogorc awmyo momavlisa. ...es samTa

JamTa erTmaneTzed damokidebuleba kanonia iseTive Seuryeveli da garduvali, rogorc yovelive

buneburi kanoni. ...aRdgena istoriisa _ eris gamococxlebaa, gamomxnevebaa awmyos gageba da

warmarTvaa, mermisis gamorkvevaa sibnelisagan~,2 ~cxovreba erTiani mdinarea oris didis toti-

sa: erTs rom xorcisaTvis moaqvs sazrdo, meores _ sulisaTvis. Tu an erTi daSra, an meore, _

gvami erisa mkvdaria, viTarca usulod xorci da uxorcod suli, saaqaosaTvis mainca. amitomac,

vinca sCivis da hRaRadebs saxorcielo purisaTvis, is amdenadve, Tu ar metad, unda iRwvodes

sasuliero purisaTvisac. adamiani, Tu mTeli eri, imisaTvis ki ar aris gaCenili, rom puri sWa-

mos, aramed pursa sWams imitom, rom kacur-kacad icxovros da acxovros Tavis STamomavali~.3

Cveni Rrma rwmeniT, swored aseT gaazrebas unda efuZnebodes saqarTvelos socialur-eko-

nomikuri ganviTarebis erovnuli koncefcia, romlis bazazec warimarTeba mizandasaxuli da ma-

Ralzneobrivi sameurneo-mmarTvelobiTi saqmianoba qveynis WeSmariti progresisaTvis.

Giorgi Shikhashvili

Irakli Svanidze

Economic and Management Issues in the New Testament

Resume Social – economic development of Georgia must be deeply connected to such fundamental conception

which takes into consideration the national and global values and will be optimal and compatible with economic process.

Among the global and national values, the superiority is given to Bible, theological moral and social eco-nomic activity based on these principles.

In order to fully comprehend general principles of social-economic development, it is important to search economic themes in the Bible, namely, in New Testament.

We can understand from the Bible that the Most High God Himself created and facilitaded economic ac-tivities and represents as an integral part of the Christian studies.

In our opinion, the national conception of social-economic development of the country should be modeled on such principles that will pave the way to put Georgia among the progressive countries.

1 WavWavaZe i. Zveli saqarTvelos ekonomiuri wyobis Sesaxeb. Txz., t.4, Tb., 1955, gv. 176. 2 WavWavaZe i. eri da istoria. Txz., t. 4, Tb., 1955, gv. 200, 204. 3 WavWavaZe i. Sinauri mimoxilva 1895 wlisa. Txz., t. 5, Tb., 1955, gv. 342.

119

malxaz Ciqobava

globaluri finansur-ekonomikuri krizisis fundamenturi mizezebi da misi

daZlevis alternatiuli gzebi

antikuri saberZneTidan moyolebuli dRemde mravali filosofosi da moazrovne daintere-

sebula iseTi umniSvnelovanesi da idumalebiT mosili fenomeniT, rogoricaa fuli. ra aris

fuli? rogoria misi roli saxelmwifoSi? gavrcelebuli SexedulebiT fuli ~sayovelTao eq-

vivalentia~, rac, vfiqrobT, winaaRmdegobrivia. fuli radganac gankuTvnilia gacvlisaTvis, is,

rasakvirvelia saqonelia. magram mas, rac gacvlisTvisaa gankuTvnili, sxvadasxva Rirebuleba ga-

aCnia gamyidvelisa da myidvelisaTvis. marTebuli iqneba Tu vityviT, rom fuli aris saqoneli,

romelsac aqvs ~sacvleli~ da ara ~saxmari~ Rirebuleba.

fulis msgavs gagebaze macxovari brZanebs:

~miCveneT fuli, romliTac ixdiT xarks. da miarTves mas dinari. da uTxra maT: visia es

xati da es warwera? miuges mas: keisrisa. maSin uTxra maT: miageT keisars keisrisa, xolo

RmerTs RmrTis~ (maTe. 22:19-21).

cxadia, rom aq macxovari fuls uwodebs saxelmwifos - ~keisris~ sakuTrebas. am SemTxve-

vaSi fuls gaaCnia saxmari Rirebuleba, magram mxolod saxelmwifosaTvis, vinaidan is misia. xo-

lo moqalaqeTaTvis fuls mxolod sacvleli Rirebuleba SeiZleba hqondes. rodesac saxelmwi-

fo fuls aZlevs moqalaqes, mas gadascems ara ~sakuTrebaSi~, aramed ~marTva-gamgeblobaSi~.

maSasadame, ~idealuri fuli~ aris saqoneli, romelic warmoadgens saxelmwifos sakuTre-

bas da moqalaqisaTvis mas gaaCnia mxolod sacvleli Rirebuleba. magram realur cxovrebaSi

kerZo pirisaTvis fuli iZens saxmar Rirebulebasac. misi floba adamians aniWebs Zalauflebas

Tavis sasargeblod gankargos da sakuTrebadac ki aqcios sxvisi qoneba.

fuladi sistemis sferoSi problemebi ukanasknel wlebSi mTel msoflioSi udidesi sis-

wrafiT grovdeba. Cvens droSi yvelam icis, rom e.w. mesame msoflios qveynebi verasodes SeZle-

ben valebis dafarvas, ganviTarebul qveynebSi mosaxleobis uRaribesi fenebis mdgomareoba mud-

mivad uaresdeba, xolo marto Sedegebis winaaRmdeg brZola mdgomareobas mxolod auaresebs.

raSi gamoixateba fulis Rirebulebis ryevis mizezebi, romelsac ukavSirdeba damangreveli

ekonomikuri krizisebi? msoflio ekonomikis istoria da gansakuTrebiT misi bolo aTwleulis

ganviTarebis tendencia metyvelebs imaze, rom rac dro gadis, sul ufro mZafrdeba ara marto

mesame msoflios, aramed zesaxelmwifoebis kolosaluri valis, umuSevrobisa da garemos tota-

luri dabinZurebis problemebi, rac pirdapir kavSirSia Tanamedrove monetaruli sistemis meqa-

nizmTan, romelic uzrunvelyofs fulis mimoqcevas.

miuxedavad imisa, rom fuli adamianis cxovrebis ganuyofeli nawilia, Zalze mcire maTgan-

ma Tu icis monetaruli sistemis funqcionirebisa da Cvens cxovrebaze fulis pirdapiri an

arapirdapiri gavlenis Sesaxeb. fuli Zalze aiolebs sazogadoebaSi saqonelgacvlas, romelic

efuZneba Sromis danawilebas da mas kacobriobis yvelaze genialur gamogonebad aqcevs. fuli

SesaZlebels xdis specializacias da emsaxureba Cveni civilizaciis safuZvels. magram problema

isaa, rom fuli ara marto emsaxureba saqonelgacvlas, aramed mas amuxruWebs, Tu is ugrovdeba

maT, romelTac saWiroze meti fuli aqvT da mimoqcevaSi ar xvdeba. amgvarad, iqmneba Taviseburi

kerZo ~sabaJo punqti~, sadac maT, romelTac saWiroze naklebi fuli aqvT, uwevT gadauxadon

erTgvari ~baJi~ imaT, romelTac saWiroze meti fuli gaaCniaT.

amasTan, Tanamedrove monetaruli sistema ganuyofelia inflaciis movlenisagan. xalxis

umravlesoba inflacias bunebriv movlenad Tvlis. maTi azriT msoflioSi ar arsebula, ar ar-

sebobs da momavalSic ar iarsebebs qveyana inflaciis gareSe. Tu davakvirdebiT globaluri

120

ekonomikuri maCveneblebis dinamikas, vnaxavT, rom erovnuli vali da procentebi kreditebze

ufro swrafad izrdeba, vidre realuri Semosavlebi, rac adre Tu gvian migviyvans kolafsTan

TviT maRalganviTarebul qveynebSi. problema isaa, rom mxolod mciredma gamoicnes fuladi

sistemis avadmyofobis niSnebi da ufro naklebma Tu icis gankurnebis recepti. aki dRemde ve-

ravin SeZlo Seeqmna jansaRi mdgradi fuladi sistema.

cnobilia, rom inflacia moqmedebs rogorc gadasaxadebiT dabegvris erTgvari forma, rom-

lis gamoyenebiT mTavrobas mxolod droebiT ZaluZs winaaRmdegoba gauwios zrdadi davaliane-

bis urTules problemas. inflaciis aucilebeli done miT ufro meti xdeba, rac metia erovnu-

li Semosavlis CamorCena valis saerTo moculobis mimarT. mTavrobebi iZulebulni xdebian ko-

losaluri saxelmwifo vali drodadro valis monetizaciiT Seamciron, magram amiT yvelaze

didi ziani adgeba maT, romlebmac ver SeZles TavianTi fulis dabandeba ~inflaciamdgrad~ aq-

tivebSi.

ekonomikis istoriis specialisti jon kingi paralels avlebs inflaciasa da procentebis

gadaxdas Soris aSS-is sakredito sapnis buStis magaliTze. misi azriT, procentebi, rogorc

fasebis zrdis umTavresi mizezi, faruli formiT arsebobs yvela saqonlis fasSi. `am azrma,

romelic miuxedavad imisa, rom marTalia, jerac ver moipova namdvili aRiareba... me yovelTvis

ganvixilavdi procentebs da rTul procentebs, rogorc ngrevis uxilav manqanas, romelic swo-

red axla moqmedebs gansakuTrebiT gulmodgined. Cven unda vecadoT ganvTavisufldeT am uazro

finansuri SeSlilobisgan~.1

Tanamedrove pirobebSi emisiis yvela erovnuli centri kvlavac uZvelesi sqemiT moqmedebs.

Tu romelime centraluri saemisio banki gascems kredits, vTqvaT, 100 dolaris odenobiT, is

Semdgom ibrunebs sesxis mimRebisgan, anu ekonomikisgan Tavis fuls, Tanac, procentebTan erTad!

elementaruli ariTmetikidan gamomdinareobs logikuri kiTxva: ~saidan unda gaCndes ekonomikaSi

sakmarisi Tanxa kreditebisa da procentebis dasabruneblad, Tu yvela saemisio centri ekonomi-

kaSi axdens mxolod kreditebis toli Tanxis emisias? pasuxi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom nebismie-

ri qveynis fulad-sakredito sistemis funqcionireba aseTi modeliT SesaZlebelia mxolod da

mxolod centraluri saemisio bankebis mier sul ufro mzardi sakredito ~sapnis buStebis~

winmswrebi ~gaberviT~. Tu aseTi sakredito-saemisio procesis maTematikur models avagebT

Excel-is cxrilis daxmarebiT, TvalnaTliv vnaxavT, rom vali ufro swrafad izrdeba, vidre

mimoqcevaSi fuladi masis nazrdi. kreditebze valis dabruneba procentebTan erTad urTierTo-

baTa am sistemis dros fizikurad SeuZlebelia mimoqcevaSi arsebuli fulis ukmarisobis gamo

rogorc calkeuli qveynis, ise msoflio ekonomikis masStabiT.~2

krizisi, romelic daiwyo aSS-Si da gavrcelda msoflioSi, swored zemoTaRniSnuli

bunebis matarebelia. msoflioSi dagrovebulia gonebisTvis miuwvdomeli davalianeba, romlis

sidide specialistTa SefasebiT bevrad aRemateba mTeli planetis warmoebis mTlian moculobas.

`2008 wlisaTvis aSS-Si mimoqcevaSi arsebul yovel dolarze modioda daaxloebiT ori

dolaris odenobis krediti. dolarebSi gacemuli axali kreditebis emisia, maSin roca adre

emitirebuli dolarebis dabruneba yovndeba, iwvevs maTi arauzrunvelyofili masis moculobis

zrdas aSS-sa da msoflioSi. imisaTvis, rom planetis mosaxleoba upiratesobas aniWebdes

danazogebis dolarebSi Senaxvas, Tanamedrove globaluri politika mimarTulia dolaris

mimarT erovnuli valutebis devalvaciisa da inflaciisaken~.3

1 John L. King, On The Brink of Great Depression II, Future Economic Trends, Goleta, Ca., 1987, p. 36. 2 Ciqobava m. Tanamedrove msoflio ekonomikuri sistemis mdgradoba globaluri krizisis fonze. `globalizacia da

ekonomikis mdgradi ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi~, me-4 saerTaSoriso samecniero konferencia, 23 marti 2012 w. sa-

konferencio masalebis krebuli, gv. 233. 3 iqve, gv. 233.

121

ukanaskneli 40 wlis ganmavlobaSi aSS-Si kerZo da sazogadoebrivi davalianeba war-

moudgeneli masStabebiT gaizarda, misma sididem 16 trln dolars gadaaWarba, rac aSS-is

mTliani Siga produqtis moculobaze metia. Tanac, is sul ufro mzardi tempebiT izrdeba.

mTavroba sargeblobs yvela saSualebiT, raTa mudmivad Solti gadauWiros am zrdas: garantie-

bi sesxis miRebaze, dotaciebi ipoTekur sesxebze, uZravi qonebisa da samomxmareblo saqonlis

SeZenisas dabali pirveladi Senatanebi, kreditebis SeTavazebis pirobebis Semsubuqeba, SeRavaTi-

ani dabegvra, dabali sadazRvevo premiebi da a.S. swrafi ekonomikuri zrdis Sedegad, romelic

fulis eqsponencialuri zrdiTaa ganpirobebuli, socialuri Sedegebi garkveuli droiT Seum-

Cneveli rCeba. mankieri wre, romelic sul ufro swrafad ikvreba, aseTia: meti inflacia, meti

socialuri usamarTloba da garemoze damangreveli zemoqmedeba.

procentebi inflaciis erTaderTi faqtori rodia. nedli resursebis amowurva, uzomo

xarjebi SeiaraRebaze da omebze, inflaciur tendenciebs aZlierebs. Tumca, Cveulebriv, saemisio

bankebis mier gonivruli politikis gatareba fuladi sistemis sferoSi, procentebze, rogorc

fuladi mimoqcevis uzrunvelyofis saSualebaze uaris Tqma mudmivi inflaciis umTavresi faq-

toris aRmofxvris erTaderTi gzaa.

XIX saukunis bolos silvio hezelma, warmatebulma komersantma, romelic muSaobda ger-

maniasa da argentinaSi, SeniSna, rom misi saqoneli zogjer iyideboda swrafad da karg fasad,

xolo zogjer iyideboda nela fasebis Semcirebis tendenciiT. man daiwyo am garemoebis mizeze-

bis Zebna da gaigo, rom aRmavloba da recesia naklebad iyo dakavSirebuli mis saqonelze arse-

bul moTxovnasa da xarisxze da ZiriTadad, ganpirobebuli iyo fulad bazarze arsebuli fu-

lis fasiT.

hezelma gadawyvita Tvalyuri edevnebina amgvar ryevebze da male mivida im daskvnamde, rom

xalxi yidulobda maSin, roca saprocento ganakveTi iyo dabali da ar yidulobdnen maSin, ro-

ca is iyo maRali. mizezi imisa, rom fuli iyo xan meti, xan naklebi, mdgomareobda fulis

mflobelTa survilSi gaecaT is procentebiT. Tu isini SeZlebdnen 2.5%-ze naklebis miRebas,

gabatondeboda fulis TavisTan datovebis tendencia, rac iwvevda kapitaldabandebis Semcirebas

da es ukanskneli ki - firmebis bankrotobas da samuSao adgilebis Semcirebas. garkveuli peri-

odis Semdeg Tu xalxi kvlav gamoxatavda mzadyofnas gadaexadaT meti procentebi misaReb

fulze, is kvlav siamovnebiT gaicemoda. amgvarad, iwyeboda axali ekonomikuri cikli, romlis -

sawyis etapze saprocento ganakveTi da saqonelze fasebi maRali iyo. Semdgom, TandaTanobiT,

saqonlis raodenobisa da fuladi masis swrafi zrdis Sedegad saprocento ganakveTi isev mcir-

deboda da sabolood, kvlavac Tavs iCenda kapitalis `gaficvis~ procesi.

silvio hezelma es fenomeni axsna imiT, rom nebismieri saqonlisgan gansxvavebiT fuli Se-

iZleba Seinaxo praqtikulad yovelgvari danaxarjis gareSe. Tu erT adamians gaaCnia kalaTa

vaSli, xolo meores - fuli, vaSlis mflobelma drois mcire monakveTSi danakargis Tavidan

asacileblad unda gayidos is, xolo fulis mflobels SeuZlia daelodos xelsayrel dros.

misi fuli ar saWiroebs `sasawyobo xarjebs~, piriqiT, iZleva `likvidurobis sarfianobas~, e.i.

mocemul pirs fuli jibeSi aqvs Tu sabanko angariSze, SeuZlia daelodos fasebis im donemde

Semcirebas, rodesac sarfiani iqneba saqonlis yidva.

silvio hezeli askvnis: `Tu Cven SevZlebT iseTi fuladi sistemis Seqmnas, sadac fuli,

rogorc sxva saqoneli da momsaxureba iTxovs Tavisebur `sasawyobo xarjebs~, ekonomika ganTa-

visufldeba fuliT spekulaciiT gamowveuli aRmavlobebisa da vardnisagan~.1 man SemogvTavaza

am fuladi sistemis farglebSi iseTi pirobebis Seqmna, sadac fuli `iJangeba~, e.i. ibegreba

sargeblobisaTvis gadasaxdeliT.

1 Гезель С., "Естественный экономический порядок", www.biz-spros.ru/gesell.html, gv. 153.

122

1890 wels silvio hezelma Camoayaliba idea `bunebrivi ekonomikuri wesrigis~ Sesaxeb,

romelic uzrunvelyofs fulis mimoqcevas, sadac fuli iqceva saxelmwifo momsaxurebad da

romlisTvisac xalxi gadaricxavs sargeblobisaTvis gadasaxdels. nacvlad imisa, rom gadaxdil

iqnes procentebi maT sasargeblod, romelTac saWiroze meti fuli aqvT, xalxma unda gadaixa-

dos mcireodeni Tanxa cirkulaciidan fulis amoRebisaTvis, raTa fuli dabrundes mimoqcevaSi.

gadasaxdeli warimarTeba ara calkeuli pirebis, aramed yvelas sasargeblod. imisaTvis, rom es

azri ufro gasagebi gaxdes, fuli SeiZleba SevadaroT sarkinigzo vagonebs, romlebic fulis

msgavsad aioleben saqonelgacvlas. TavisTavad cxadia, rom sarkinigzo kompania ar uxdis premi-

as (procentebs) imas, vinc sargeblobs vagonebiT tvirTis dasaclelad, aramed msargebeli ix-

dis mcireoden `safasurs vagonebis mocdenisaTvis~, Tu ar uzrunvelyo vagonebis droulad

dacla. es principSi yvelaferia, rac unda gakeTdes fulTan mimarTebaSi, raTa gamovricxoT

procentebis negatiuri zemoqmedeba. yoveli msargebeli gadaricxavs mcireoden `gadasaxdels ga-

Cerebis adgilas dayenebisaTvis~, Tu fuls moacdens ufro metad, vidre aucilebelia gacvlis

miznisaTvis.

Tu dRes procentebi warmoadgens kerZo mogebis nawils, fuliT sargeblobaze gadasax-

deli gaxdeba sazogadoebis mogebis gamomxatveli. gadasaxdeli kvlav unda CavuSvaT fulad mi-

moqcevaSi, raTa SenarCundes wonasworoba fuladi mimoqcevis moculobasa da ekonomikur aqti-

vobis moculobas Soris. is gaxdeba sazogadoebrivi Semosavlis wyaro, romlis daniSnuleba iq-

neba saemisio bankisa da fulis gacvlis xarjebis dafarva. nameti warimarTeba saxelmwifo xa-

zinaSi, rogorc dRes xdeba da SesaZlebeli gaxdeba misi gamoyeneba valebis miznobrivi dafar-

visaTvis. aseTi cvlileba, raoden martivad ar unda mogveCvenos, saSualebas mogvcems gadavwyvi-

toT mravali socialur-ekonomikuri problema, romlebic warsulSic da axlac procentebiTa

da rTuli procentebiTaa gamowveuli.

silvio hezelma procentebisagan Tavisufal fuls uwoda `Tavisufali fuli~. diter

zurma SemoiRo `neitraluri fulis~1 aRniSvna, vinaidan is emsaxureba yvelas da aravis aZlevs

SedarebiT upiratesobas, rogorc es Tanamedrove fulad sistemaSi xdeba.

XX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi hezelis Teoriis mimdevrebma ganaxorcieles uprocento fu-

liT ramdenime eqsperimenti, ramac daadastura am azris siswore. avstriaSi, safrangeTSi, ger-

maniaSi, espaneTSi, Sveicariasa da aSS-Si mimarTes cdebs daenergaT Tavisufali fuli umuSevro-

bis aRmosafxvrelad. yvelaze warmatebuli gamodga eqsperimenti avstriis qalaq viorglSi.

viorglSi, sadac 3000 kaci cxovrobda, fuladi reformis ideam xalxTa goneba daipyro

1932-1933 wlebSi. qalaqis burgomistrma daarwmuna komersantebi da mmarTvelobiTi personali

imaSi, rom aravin arafers dahkargavda, aramed piriqiT, bevrsac SeiZenda fulis eqsperimentis

xarjze, rogorc es warmodgenilia silvio hezelis wignSi `bunebrivi ekonomikuri wesrigi~.

moqalaqeebma Tanxmoba ganacxades, magistratma gamouSva 5000 `Tavisufali Silingebi~ (e.i. up-

rocento Silingebi), romelic bankSi amave Tanxis Cveulebrivi avstriuli SilingebiT iqna da-

faruli. qalaqSi aSenda xidi, gaumjobesda gzebis mdgomareoba, gaizarda kapitaldabandebebi sa-

zogadoebriv sferoebSi. am fuliT anazRaurda xelfasebi da masalebi, vaWrebi da mewarmeebi mas

saqonlisa da momsaxurebis sanacvlod Rebulobdnen.

aRniSnuli fuliT sargeblobisaTvis gadasaxdeli Seadgenda TveSi 1%-s, e.i. 12% weli-

wadSi. is unda Seetana mas, visac aRmoaCndeboda banknota Tvis bolos. gadaxda warmoebda mar-

kis formiT, romlis nominali banknotis 1% iyo da ekvreboda banknotas meore mxareze. amgvari

markis gareSe banknota CaiTvleboda Zaladakargulad. aseTma mciredma gadasaxdelma gamoiwvia

is, rom nebismieri adamiani, romelmac miiRo Tavisufali Silingi anazRaurebis saxiT, cdilob-

1 Margrit Kennedy: Interest and Inflation Free Money. Published by Seva International, gv. 12.

123

da rac SeiZleba swrafad daexarja is, vidre gadavidoda Tavisi Cveulebrivi fuliT gadaxdaze.

viorglis mcxovrebni TviT TavianT gadasaxadsac ixdidnen adre, raTa Tavi daeRwiaT fuliT

sargeblobaze gadasaxdelisagan. 1 wlis ganmavlobaSi 5000 Tavisufali Silingi mimoqcevaSi iyo

463-jer, warmoebuli iqna saqoneli da momsaxureba 2300000 Silingis odenobiT .

Cveulebrivi Silingi am droisaTvis sul 213-jer iyo mimoqcevaSi.1

swored am dros, rodesac evropis mravali qveyana uSedegod ebrZoda zrdad umuSevrobas,

viorglSi weliwadSi umuSevrobis done 25%-iT Semcirda. magistratis mier miRebulma anazRau-

rebam 5000 Silingis 12%, e.i. 600 Tavisufali Silingi Seadgina, rac ara romelime

konkretuli piris, aramed sazogadoebrivi saWiroebisaTvis, anu Temis sasargeblod daixarja.

rodesac avstriis 300 Temze meti dainteresda am modeliT, avstriis erovnulma bankma

amaSi dainaxa sakuTari monopoliisadmi safrTxe. is Caeria magistratis saqmeSi da akrZala Ta-

visufali adgilobrivi fulis dabeWdva. miuxedavad imisa, rom kamaTi mimdinareobda Zalian did-

xans da ganixileboda avstriis umaRles sasamarTlo instanciaSic, verc viorglma da evropis

vercerTma Temma ver SeZlo gaemeorebina aRniSnuli eqsperimenti.

diter zuris wignSi "Capitalism at its best" (`kapitalizmi Tavisi saukeTeso gamovli-

nebebiT~) moyvanilia korsenis mogonebebi hezelis koncefciis ganxorcielebis cdebze "Stam-pscrip Movement"-is (`moZraoba marka-fulisaken~) farglebSi aSS-Si 1933 wels. am dros 100-ze

metma Temma aSS-Si, maT Soris ramdenime msxvilma qalaqma, daiwyo fulis SemoReba, romelsac

unda emoqmeda viorglis `Tavisufali fulis~ analogiurad. Sromis, Sinagan saqmeTa da ekonomi-

kis saministroebi vaSingtonSi dakavebuli iyo am sakiTxiT da Tumca arcerTi maTgani amis wina-

aRmdegi ar yofila, maT ver SeZles aucilebeli nebarTvis gacema. sabolood, aSS-is saxel-

mwifo mdivanma din aCesonma mTavrobis mrCevels ekonomikis sakiTxebSi, harvardis universite-

tis profesors rasel spragas sTxova gamoeTqva azri mocemuli sakiTxisadmi. profesorma spra-

gam ganacxada, rom mas principSi araferi hqonda sawinaaRmdego axali samuSao adgilebis Seq-

mnis mizniT fuli-markebis gamoSvebis mimarT. magram man ganacxada, rom winadadeba Zlier scil-

deboda dasaSveb farglebs: es iqneboda RonisZieba mimarTuli amerikis fuladi sistemis sru-

lad Secvlisaken da mas ar hqonda uflebamosileba Tanxmoba ganecxadebina aseTi globaluri

cvlilebebis ganxorcielebaze. maSasadame, `fuli-markebis~ danergvam, romelsac savsebiT SesaZ-

lebelia gamoewvia fulis reforma, marcxi ganicada.2

prezidentma ruzveltma 1933 wlis 4 marts gasca gankarguleba bankebis muSaobis droe-

biT Sewyvetisa da damxmare valutis Semdgomi gamoSvebis akrZalvis Sesaxeb. bolos korseni as-

kvnis: `mTlianobaSi SeiZleba iTqvas, rom fulis stabilurobis uzrunvelyofis saqmeSi teqni-

kuri sirTule Zalze umniSvneloa TviT problemis gagebis ararsebobasTan SedarebiT. manamde,

vidre ar gadailaxeba iluzia fulis rolze, praqtikulad SeuZlebeli iqneba saWiro politi-

kuri nebis Tavmoyra stabilurobis uzrunvelsayofad~.3

ioSito otanis winadadebiT problemis teqnikuri mxare, e.i. `cirkulaciidan amoRebisaT-

vis safasuris gadaxda~, SeiZleba ufro martivad gadawydes: 90% imisa, rasac Cven dRes

`fuls~ vuwodebT, sinamdvileSi warmoadgens cifrebs kompiuterebSi. amitom, Tanamedrove piro-

bebSi sayovelTaod miRebuli angariSsworebis sistemis farglebSi neitraluri fulis SemoRe-

bis Semdeg sargeblobisaTvis gadasaxdeli SeiZleba amoRebul iqnes sakmaod martivad. angariSeb-

ze fuladi anabrebi, romlebic mflobelebis gankargulebaSia nebismier dros, SeiZleba daibeg-

1 Margrit Kennedy: Interest and Inflation Free Money. Published by Seva International, gv. 13. 2 Dieter Suhr, Capitalism at its Best, unpublished manuscript), 1988, gv. 98. 3 Margrit Kennedy: Interest and Inflation Free Money. Published by Seva International, gv. 15.

124

ros yovelTviurad, magaliTad, 0.5%-is odenobiT, e.i. 6%-iT weliwadSi.1 yoveli adamiani, ro-

melsac eqneba sakuTar angariSze meti neitraluri fuli, vidre mas Wirdeba mimdinare Tves

garkveuli xarjebis gasawevad, danakargis Tavidan acilebis mizniT gadaiyvans Semnaxvel sala-

roSi sakuTar angariSze, sadac is ar ibegreba.

marTalia, neitraluri fuli ver moutans mis mflobels procentebs, magram is SeinarCu-

nebs Tavis stabilur Rirebulebas. rogorc ki fulze procentebi gaqreba, inflaciis upirve-

lesi mizezi aRar iarsebebs. vinc miiRebs kreditebs, procentebs ar gadaixdis, mxolod premias

riskisaTvis da kreditis administraciisaTvis, romelic axlac CarTulia nebismier sabanko kre-

ditSi. es ukanaskneli Cveulebrivi kreditis 1.5-2.5%-s Seadgens. amgvarad, praqtikulad am Tva-

lsazrisiT bevri araferi Seicvleba.

bankebi gaagrZelebdnen funqcionirebas iseve, rogorc adre, oRond im gansxvavebiT, rom

isini ufro metad dainteresdebian kreditebis gacemiT, ramdenadac isinic daeqvemdebarebian

cirkulaciidan amoRebuli fulisTvis safasuris gadaxdis meqanizmis moqmedebas.

kreditebsa da danazogebs Soris wonasworobis uzrunvelsayofad bankSi, SesaZlebelia,

warmoiSvas koreqtirebadi procentis SemoRebis aucilebloba ±1%-is odenobiT. amrigad, Tu

bankSi Semnaxvel angariSebze arsebobs ufro meti fuli, vidre mas Wirdeba, maSin man unda ga-

dauxados saxelmwifos 1%. Tu banks Seeqmneba sirTule gadaxdisunarianobis TvalsazrisiT, ma-

Sin is miiRebs Sesabamis Tanxas. am SemTxvevaSi, fuliT sargeblobisaTvis safasuri iqnebda re-

gulirebis droebiTi meqanizmi dRevandeli procentebisagan gansxvavebiT, romelic simdidris ga-

danawilebis SeniRbuli meqanizmia.

am reformis safuZvlad unda iqces sakmaod zusti Sexameba cirkulirebadi fulis raode-

nobisa im TanxasTan, romelic aucilebelia yvela komerciuli garigebis gansaxorcieleblad.

rodesac warmoebuli fulis raodenoba gautoldeba yvela transaqciis Rirebulebas, maSin meti

fulis emisia saWiro ar iqneba. es niSnavs, rom axali fuli ukve SesabamisobaSi mova `bunebri-

vi~ zrdis modelTan da ara eqsponencialurTan. axali fulis naRdi kupiurebis dagroveba SeiZ-

leba Tavidan iqnes acilebuli ufro eleganturi saSualebiT, vidre markebis dawebebiT bankno-

tis meore mxares. SeiZleba magaliTad, daibeWdos banknotebi sxvadasxva feriTa da zomiT;

seriidan erTi weliwadSi erTxel an orjer yovelgvari winaswari gafrTxilebis gareSe SeiZ-

leba amoRebul iqnes mimoqcevidan. saxelmwifosaTvis es xarjebi ar gadaaWarbebs gacveTili

Zveli banknotebis axliT SecvlasTan dakavSirebul xarjebs. rogorc avstriisa da amerikis ga-

mocdileba gviCvenebs, reformis politikuri aspeqti gadamwyvetia teqnikurTan SedarebiT. zemo-

TaRwerili fuladi reforma, romelic gatardeba farTo masStabiT, Tandayolili unda iyos mi-

wisa da sagadasaxado reformiT. miwis reformis gareSe zedmeti fuli miipyrobs miwis speku-

liantebis yuradRebas. sagadasaxado reforma aucilebelia seriozuli ekologiuri problemebis

ganaskontroleblad, romelic SeiZleba mohyves ekonomikur bums procentebisagan Tavisufali

fulis SemoRebis SemTxvevaSi.

istoriuli gamocdileba metyvelebs imaze, rom sxvadasxva drois religiuri liderebi,

rogoricaa magaliTad mose, aristotele, muhamedi, luTeri, cvingli da gandi, cdilobdnen aR-

moefxvraT socialuri usamarTloba, romelic gamowveuli iyo procentebis mudmivi gadaxdevine-

biT da amasTan dakavSirebiT iZleodnen rCevebs, riTac akrZales procentebis miReba. maT esmo-

daT problemis arsi.

magaliTad, moses wignSi weria: `Tu fuls sesxad aZlev Sens Zmas, Raribs, arasodes mo-

epyra mas, rogorc mevaxSe. Sen ar gaqvs ufleba is dabegro procentebiT~. aristotele Tavis

`politikaSi~ wers: `mevaxSes ver itanen sruliad samarTlianad, radgan misTvis TviT fuli

1 Margrit Kennedy: Interest and Inflation Free Money. Published by Seva International, gv. 15.

125

gamxdara Semosavlis wyarod da ar gamoiyeneba imisaTvis, risTvisac is iqna gamogonebuli.

fuli warmoiSva saqonelgacvlisaTvis, xolo procentebi fulisgan qmnis met fuls, saidanac

momdinareobs misi saxelwodebac... procentebi - es aris fuli fulisgan, amitom is yvela saxis

saqmianobis bunebis sawinaaRmdegoa~.

martin luTerma (1483-1546) mravaljer saSinlad amxila mevaxSeebi: `da amitom mevaxSe da

kriJangi - sinamdvileSi adamiani ar aris; is scodavs araadamianurad. mas yvelaze saSinel ti-

ranze, mkvlelze da mZarcvelze uaresad unda movepyraT, TiTqmis iseTive bilwia, rogor TviT

eSmaki. gvevlineba ara rogorc mteri, aramed rogorc megobari da Tanamoqalaqe Temis mfarve-

lobisa da dacvis qveS myofi, magram sazizRaria nebismier mterze da mkvlel-wamqezebelze. ami-

tom Tu quCis mZarcvelebs, mkvlelebsa da damnaSaveebs borbalze awameben da Tavs kveTen, maSin

raoden saWiroa daborbvla, wameba yvela mevaxSisa, devna, wyevla da Tavis mokveTa yvela kri-

Jangisa...~1

reformatori ulrix cvingli (1484-1531) kidev ufro Sors wavida sekularizaciis gziT.

erTi mxriv man gamoacxada procentebi uRmerTod da antiqristianulad, meore mxriv aRiara sa-

xelmwifos ufleba saprocento ganakveTis gansazRvraSi.

sainteresoa, ra xdeboda am mxriv saqarTveloSi. vaxtang VI-is samarTali adgenda:

`mxolod Tavis sulis moZules SeuZlia gaasesxos fuli 30%-ad, odnav visac uyvars suli

Tavisi - 24%-ad, visac kidev ufro uyvars - 18%, xolo visac namdvilad uyvars suli - 12%-

ad unda asesxos, magram yvelaze umjobesia sulis cxonebisaTvis, savsebiT rom ar aiRebodes

sargebeli. vaxtang VI, akanonebs ra valze sargeblis normas, wers: Tu movale ise gaRaribda,

rom valis gadaxda ar ZaluZs, maSin mas aramc Tu sargebeli, aramed Tavnic ar moeTxoveba. Tu

sakmao SeZleba aqvs, gadaxdeba mxolod Tavni. Tu movale tyveobaSia, misi coli da

mcirewlovani Svilebi valdebulni arian mxolod SeZlebisamebr gadaixadon vali. xolo Tu

isini usaxsroa, maSin kreditori iZulebuli xdeba daucados movales, romelmac tyveobidan

dabrunebis Semdeg unda dafaros vali. Tu movale mokvda, maSin mevales ar aqvs ufleba vali

moiTxovos mis mcirewlovan SvilTa momwifebamde.2

Tu sityvasityviT vTargmniT berZnuli originalis teqsts, maSin lukas saxarebaSi vkiTx-

ulobT: `xolo Tqven giyvardeT Tqveni mtrebi, keTili uyaviT da sesxi mieciT maT, ise, rom

arafers moelodeT sanacvlod...~. nikeis krebam, romelic qristes dabadebidan 325 wels Sedga,

yvela sasuliero pirs aukrZala procentis gadaxdevineba. damnaSavis dasja Seadgenda Rirsebis

dauyovnebliv ayras. 1139 wels meore laTeranulma krebam daadgina: `vinc iRebs procentebs,

unda ganikveTos eklesiidan da misi ukan dabruneba SesaZlebelia umkacresi monaniebis Semdeg

da udidesi sifrTxiliT. procentebis gadamxdevineblebi, romlebic sikvdilis win Tu ar daad-

gebian WeSmaritebis gzas, ar unda daikrZalon qristianuli wesiT~.

akrZalvebma, romelic daedo procentebs romis papebis mier evropuli Suasaukuneebis

dros, romlis Tanaxmadac procentebis amRebi qristianebi ikveTebodnen eklesiidan, problemaTa

mTeli simZime daakisra ebraelebs, romelTac ufleba eZleodaT aeRoT procentebi sxva aRmsa-

reblobis xalxisgan. es ukanasknelni im droidan moyolebuli sul ufro gadaiqcnen msofli-

os wamyvan bankirebad. TviT Zveli aRTqmidan ebraulma Temma icoda imis Sesaxeb, rom procente-

bi grZelvadiani periodisaTvis arRveven nebismier socialur organizms. amitom Zvel dros aRi-

arebuli iyo `wminda weli~, yvela procentisa da valis patieba 7 weliwadSi erTxel: `yoveli

meSvide wlis Tavze gamoacxade patieba. ai, patiebis raoba: apatios yovelma mevalem, visac rame

usesxebia Tavisi moyvasisaTvis, da nurafers moTxovs Tavis moyvass an moZmes, radgan patieba

1 Margrit Kennedy: Interest and Inflation Free Money. Published by Seva International, p. 16. 2 kakulia r., xelaia g. fulis mimoqceva da kreditis zogadi Teoria. Tbilisi 2000 w., gv. 165.

126

iqneba gamocxadebuli uflis saxelze. ucxoels mosTxove, magram apatie Sens moZmes, Tu Seni

vali eqna~ (rjl. 15:1-3).

amgvarad, arsebobda im zianis SezRudvis SesaZlebloba, romelic gamowveuli iyo procen-

tebiT, Tumca xangrZlivi gadawyveta mainc ver iqna moZebnili.

bibliis Tanaxmad, daaxloebiT 2000 wlis winaT macxovarma zarafebi (mekermeebi) taZri-

dan gaaZeva. aRsaniSnavia, rom es iyo macxovris miwieri cxovrebis erTaderTi SemTxveva, roca

man Zalas mimarTa. ebraelebi, romlebic midiodnen ierusalimSi, ixdidnen taZris Sesawirs, sa-

dac Rebulobdnen mxolod specialur, im droisaTvis mimoqcevaSi arsebul sufTa vercxlis

monetas - naxevarSekels da sxva monetebisagan gansxvavebiT masze ar iyo gamosaxuli romis im-

peratori. amitom ebraelebisaTvis es moneta iyo erTaderTi, romelic taZris Sesawirad ga-

modgeboda. magram mimoqcevaSi misi raodenoba Zalian mcire iyo, ris gamoc saWiro xdeboda me-

kermeebis momsaxureba. maT daipyres es bazari, mniSvnelovnad gazardes popularuli monetis

fasi da sabolood, daamyares mis miwodebaze sruli monopolia. rasakvirvelia, amiT mekermeebma

TavianTvis uzrunvelyves fantastikuri sargebeli, xolo ebraelebi ki iZulebulni iyvnen me-

kermeebisTvis gadaexadaT am ukanasknelTa mier dawesebuli nebismieri fasi. macxovrisaTvis

yovelive es iyo RvTis saxlis siwmindis uxeSi xelyofa.

Tumca mekermeTa jgufi qristes dabadebamde bevrad adre aRmocenda. jer kidev Cvens wel-

TaRricxvamde 200 wels romis imperiaSi seriozuli problemebi Seiqmna mekermeTa gamo. romis

orma adreulma imperatorma scada moespo mekermeTa Zalaufleba mevaxSeobis amkrZalavi kanone-

bis SemoRebiT. maT aseve akrZales 500 akramde miwis giravnoba. aRsaniSnavia, rom orive impera-

tori moklul iqna.

Cvens welT aRricxvamde 48 wels iulius keisarma mekermeebs CamoarTva fulis gamoSvebis

ufleba da TavaT gamouSva fuli, romelic mTlianad sazogadoebis interesebs emsaxureboda.

fuladi masis mniSvnelovan zrdas grandiozuli sazogadoebrivi proeqtebis ganxorcieleba mo-

hyva. aigo mravali saerTo daniSnulebis Senoba. xalxma keisari Seiyvara, magram mekermeebma is

SeiZules. mkvlevarTa mtkicebiT swored es gaxda misi mkvlelobis mTavari mizezi. erTi ram

namdvilad cnobilia - iulius keisris sikvdilis Semdeg romSi fulis siuxve dasrulda. gai-

zarda gadasaxadebi. korufcia da yalbi fulis damzadeba cxovrebis wesad iqca. sabolood,

romSi fuladi masa 90%-iT Semcirda. ubralo xalxi gakotrda. mevaxSeobis ayvavebasTan erTad

maT srulad CamoerTvaT miwebi da saxlebi. fulis miwodebis SemcirebasTan erTad romis

mosaxleobam dakarga ndoba xelisuflebisadmi da uari Tqva mis mxardaWeraze. ayvavebuli romis

imperia sabolood wyvdiadma moicva. igive SeiZleba daemarTos nebismier qveyanas, rogori Zleva-

mosilic ar unda iyos, Tu monetaruli sistema kacobriobis istoriaSi arsebul yvelaze did

usamarTlobaze - mevaxSeobaze iqneba dafuZnebuli.

qristes jvarcmidan daaxloebiT aTasi wlis Semdeg inglisSi gaaqtiurdnen mekermeebi,

romlebic axdendnen fulis sesxad gacemas da gansazRvravdnen mimoqcevaSi maT raodenobas. isini

ise gaZlierdnen, rom britaneTis ekonomikiT manipulirebac ki SeeZloT, Tumca jer kidev ar

warmoadgendnen bankirebs am sityvis Tanamedrove gagebiT. metwilad eseni iyvnen iuvelirebi,

romlebic adreul bankirebad SeiZleba miviCnioT, radganac sxvebisgan iRebdnen Zvirfaseulobas

Sesanaxad.

pirveli qaRaldis fuli warmoadgenda xelwerils im oqroze, romelic mibarebuli hqonda

iuvelirs Sesanaxad. amgvarad Caisaxa qaRaldis fuli. is ufro mosaxerxebeli iyo, vidre didi

raodenobis mZime oqrosa da vercxlis monetebis tareba. bolos da bolos, iuvelirebma SeamCnies,

rom meanabreTa mxolod mciredi raodenoba Tu modioda maTTan vadaze adre da moiTxovda saku-

Tar Zvirfaseulobas. swored maSin daiwyes maT TaRliToba, roca aRmoaCines, rom SeeZloT ga-

moeSvaT meti odenobis qaRaldis fuli, rac maTdami mibarebuli oqros raodenobas aRemateboda

127

da gaecaT es arauzrunvelyofili fuli sesxad masze procentebis gadaxdevinebis aucileblobiT.

yvelaze mTavari iyos is, rom aravis SeeZlo maTi gamoWera sicrueSi.

ase gaCnda sabanko operaciebi nawilobrivi uzrunvelyofiT, e.i. fuladi Tanxis sesxad ga-

cema, romelic bevrad aRemateba depozitze arsebuli aqtivebis raodenobas. amgvarad, Tu iu-

velirebs miabarebdnen 1000 uncia oqros Sesanaxad, isini am Tanxis uzrunvelyofiT gascemdnen,

vTqvaT, 10-jer met, anu 10000 uncia oqros ekvivalentur kredits qaRaldis fuliT da Ziri-

Tad TanxasTan erTad damatebiT iRebdnen procentebs. amgvarad, iuvelirebi Tavs uyridnen sul

ufro met qaRaldis fuls, romliTac isakuTrebdnen sul ufro met oqros da sxva realur

aqtivebs.

dReisaTvis rezervebis saxiT arsebul fulze meti odenobiT fulis gacemis praqtikas

ewodeba sabanko operaciebi nawilobrivi darezervebiT. TiToeul banks SeuZlia gasces krediti

rezervebze, vTqvaT, 10-jer meti odenobiT. amitom bankebi mdidrdebian, vTqvaT, 8%-iani wliuri

ganakveTiT kreditebis gacemis SemTxvevaSi sinamdvileSi ara wliuri 8, aramed 80%-iani Semo-

savliT.

niSnavs Tu ara es imas, rom sabanko saqme imTaviTve kriminaluria? ra Tqma unda, ara. Sua

saukuneebSi evropaSi akrZaluli iyo kreditebiT sargeblobisTvis procentebis gadaxda. es

koncefcia efuZneboda Toma aqvinelis swavlebas, romlis mixedviTac fulis mizani sazogadoe-

bis wevrebs Soris saqonlis mimoqcevis gamartivebaa, rac aucilebelia RvTismosaobisaTvis.

procentebis aReba, maTi azriT, xels uSlis am miznis miRwevas, radganac fuliT sargeblobas

zedmetad amZimebs. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, sabanko procenti ewinaaRmdegeba saR azrsa da

samarTlianobas. am postulatis Tanaxmad Sua saukuneebis evropaSi specialuri saeklesio ka-

noni krZalavda kreditebze procentebis gadaxdevinebas da mas danaSaulis Semadgenlad ganixi-

lavda. mogvianebiT, vaWrobis ganviTarebis kvaldakval da axali sainvesticio SesaZleblobebis

gaCenasTan erTad aRiarebul iqna, rom kreditors uwevda garkveuli xarjebis gaReba, romelic

ukavSirdeboda rogorc risks, ise xelidan gaSvebul saqmian SesaZleblobebs. amitom, daSvebul

iqna garkveuli daqviTvebi, magram ara procentebi kreditze. saerTod, yvela moralisti, ro-

meli religiis mimdevaric ar unda yofiliyo, yovelTvis gmobda TaRliTobas, RaribTa Cagvras

da usamarTlobas, rogorc moralTan sruliad Seusabamo movlenas. Tanamedrove sabanko opera-

ciebi nawilobrivi darezervebiT emyareba TaRliTobas da swored amitom iwvevs siRaribis

zrdas da amcirebs fulis Rirebulebas.

Zvelma iuvelirebma aRmoaCines, rom SesaZlebeli iyo zemogebis miReba fulis raodenobis

manipulirebiT. rodesac fuladi masa izrdeboda, dakrediteba sul ufro martivdeboda. ada-

mianebi fuls sesxulobdnen biznesis gafarToebis mizniT. rodesac fulis miwodeba mcirdeboda,

kreditis Rirebuleba izrdeboda da dakrediteba rTuldeba. msesxebelTa garkveuli raodenoba

uunaro iyo gaenaRdebina aRebuli kreditebi an daefara Zveli kreditebi axlad aRebuli kred-

itebiT. isini kotrdebodnen da maTi qoneba iuvelirTa xelSi gadadioda. igive xdeba dResac,

mxolod im gansxvavebiT, rom Cvens droSi ekonomikis am ryevebs „saqmian ciklebs“ uwodeben.

rogorc Tavis droze iulius keisarma, ise inglisis mefem henrix pirvelma daaxloebiT

1100 wels gadawyvita iuvelirebisaTvis fulis gamoSvebis uflebis CamorTmeva. man mimoqcevidan

amoiRo nominaluri Rirebulebis yvela nimuSi, romelic ki gamoiyeneboda mimoqcevaSi Rarib

provinciebSi, kerZod, zRvis niJarebi, bumbulis kalmebi da a.S. man gamoigona istoriaSi erT-

erTi yvelaze uCveulo fuladi sistema, romelsac ewodeba „sazomi lartyis“ sistema, ramac

daaxloebiT 725 weli iarseba da mxolod 1826 wels iqna gauqmebuli. es sistema miRebul iqna

imisaTvis, raTa Tavi daeRwiaT iuvelirTa manipulaciebisagan.

henrix pirvelis fuli warmoadgenda xis gaprialebul lartyas, romelsac erT mxares

hqonda Wdeebi nominalis aRsaniSnavad. Semdgom lartya ixliCeboda mTel sigrZeze ise, rom

128

Wdeebi SenarCunebuliyo. lartyis erTi naxevari rCeboda mefesTan da siyalbisgan dacvas

emsaxureboda, xolo meore nawili gaiSveboda mimoqcevaSi. ar unda iyos ucnauri is, rom 1694

wels Tavisi daarsebidan inglisis banki (inglisis centraluri banki) Tavs daesxa am sistemas,

romelic mis kontrols ar eqvemdebareboda. risi miRweva surda mefe henrix pirvels? ratom

aRiara xalxma Tavis droze fulad xis naWeri?

kacobriobis mTeli istoriis manZilze adamianebi saqonelgacvliT operaciebSi iyenebdnen

yvelafers, romlis Sefasebasa da fulis saxiT gamoyenebaSi Tanxmdebodnen. ras warmoadgens

fuli Cvens droSi? mxolod qaRaldis naglejs. miuxedavad amisa, aq arsebobs Taviseburi si-

brZne - imave mefe henrixma brZana gamoyenebuliyo sazomi lartya samefo gadasaxadebis gadas-

axdelad, ramac imTaviTve ganapiroba misi mimoqcevaSi arseboba da fulad aRiareba.

sinamdvileSi arcerTi fuladi sistema ise kargad da xangrZlivad ar funqcionirebda,

rogorc mefe henrix pirveliseuli. SevniSnoT, rom britaneTis imperia Seiqmna sazomi lartye-

bis sistemis safuZvelze, romelic inarCunebda simyares, miuxedavad mekermeTa mxridan mudmivi

cdisa Ziri gamoeTxaraT misTvis TavianTi liTonis fuliT. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, liTonis

monetebi arasodes gasula mimoqcevidan srulad iseve, rogorc sazomi lartyebi, romlebic

gamoiyeneboda gadasaxadebis gadasaxdelad. sabolood, XV saukuneSi mefe henrix mervem Sear-

bila kanonebi, romlebic exeboda mevaxSeobas da mekermeebma swrafad aRadgines TavianTi adrin-

deli gavlena. ramdenime aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi maT mniSvnelovnad gazardes oqrosa da

vercxlis monetebis miwodeba.

movida ra xelisuflebaSi, dedofalma mariam kvlav gaamkacra kanonebi mevaxSeobaze. meker-

meebma daiwyes oqrosa da vercxlis monetebis gadamalva, rac maSinve aisaxa ekonomikaze mkveTri

vardniT. marias memkvidrem da misma dam elizabet pirvelma gamefebis Semdeg mtkice nabiji

gadadga da sakuTar kontrols dauqvemdebara inglisuri fulis gamoSveba. pirveli gadawy-

vetileba exeboda oqrosa da vercxlis monetebis gamoWedvas samefo xazinaSi, riTac fuladi

masis marTvis ufleba mTavrobas gadaeca.

am politikam mogvianebiT revolucia gamoiwvia. miuxedavad imisa, rom fulze kontrolis

uflebis mopoveba inglisis revoluciis erTaderTi mizezi ar yofila, religiurma da sxva

saxis winaaRmdegobebma cecxlze navTi daasxa, xolo fulze kontroli am revoluciis upirve-

lesi mizezi gaxda. mekermeebis mxridan mZlavri fuladi daxmarebis xarjze oliver kromvelma

SeZlo inglisis mefe Carlzis taxtidan Camogdeba, parlamentis daSla da monarqis sikvdiliT

dasja.

mekermeebs maSinve neba daerTod moexdinaT sakuTari Zalauflebis konsolidacia, ris

Sedegad momdevno 50 wlis ganmavlobaSi didi britaneTi Caflul iqna morig seriozul Zvi-

radRirebul omebSi. mekermeebma xelSi Caigdes erTi kvadratuli mili farTobi uZravi qoneba

londonis centrSi, romelic london-sitis saxeliTaa cnobili. es raioni dRemde msoflios

erT-erTi ZiriTadi finansuri centria. stiuartebis dinastiasTan konfliqtis gamo ingliselma

mekermeebma holandiel mekermeebTan erTad daafinanses inglisSi vilhelm oranelis Semoseva,

romelmac 1688 wels xelSi Caigdo inglisis samefo taxti.

XVI saukunis bolosaTvis inglisi aRmoCnda finansuri kraxis mijnaze. safrangeTTan

TiTqmis 50 wlianma uwyvetma omma Zlier daasusta qveynis ekonomika. mTavrobis Cinovnikebi iZ-

ulebulni gaxdnen molaparakebaze wasuliyvnen mekermeebTan kreditebis misaRebad, rac aucile-

beli iyo politikuri kursis SesanarCuneblad. mekermeebma saamisod Zalian didi fasi

moiTxoves: mTavrobis nebarTviT, TiTqos arsaidan gaCnda pirveli kerZo banki, romelic ufle-

bamosili iyo daebeWda fuli.

dReis mdgomareobiT TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi arsebobs kerZo pirebis mier kontrolirebadi

centraluri bankebi, romlebic „inglisis bankis“ nimuSebia. kerZo centraluri bankebis

129

siZliere imdenad didia, rom isini srulad akontroleben qveynebis ekonomikas. rasakvirvelia,

qveyanas Wirdeba centraluri banki. magram isini ar unda imyofebodes kerZo mflobelobaSi.

sinamdvileSi kerZo centraluri bankebis dajgufeba sxva araferia, Tu ara faruli gadasaxade-

bis daweseba sazogadoebisaTvis. saxelmwifoebi (qveynis mTavrobebi) sxvadasxva socialur-

ekonomikuri programebis dasafinanseblad uSveben saxelmwifo sesxis obligaciebs, romlebic

gadadis centraluri bankis xelSi. obligaciebi Seisyideba fuliT, romlebic ibeWdeba cen-

traluri bankebis mier. rac ufro metia fuladi masa mimoqcevaSi, miT ufro naklebi Rirs

Cvens xelT arsebuli fuli. mTavroba Rebulobs imden fuls, ramdenic surs Tavisi politi-

kuri ambiciebis dasakmayofileblad, xolo xalxi amas anazRaurebs inflaciiT. obivatelTaTvis

am usamarTlo sistemaSi garkveva rTuldeba imiT, rom WeSmariteba imaleba fsevdoekonomikuri

galimaTiebis miRma.

inglisis bankis daarsebidan qveyanaSi daiwyo qaRaldis fulis masStaburi emisia. fasebi

swrafad izrdeboda. uzarmazari odenobis kreditebi gaicemoda nebismieri giJuri ideis sare-

alizaciod. magaliTad, erTi sawarmo varaudobda wiTeli zRvis daSrobas, raTa amoeRoT

CaZiruli egviptis armiis mier savaraudoT dakarguli oqro, romelic kvaldakval mihyveboda

egviptidan gasul ebraelebs moses winamZRolobiT. 1698 wels inglisis mTavrobis vali 1,25

mln funti sterlingidan 16 mln funt sterlingamde gaizarda. am valis dafarvis mizniT sax-

elmwifo ufro da ufro zrdida gadasaxadebs. ramdenadac fuladi mimoqceva imyofeboda meker-

meTa mkacri kontrolis qveS, britaneTis ekonomika mudmivad iryeoda krizisebsa da depresiebs

Soris.

bibliaSi vkiTxulobT:

`ar misce sargebelSi Sens moZmes arc vercxli, arc saWmeli da arc rame nivTi, rac

sargebelSi SeiZleba gaices. ucxoels mieci sargebelSi, Sens moZmes ki nu miscem sargebelSi,

rom gikurTxos ufalma, Senma RmerTma, mTeli Seni naamagari im qveyanaSi, romlis dasamkvidre-

bladac midixar~ (rjl. 23:19-20).

`gagiRebs ufali Tavis madlian saunjes – cas, rom mosces miwas wvima Tavis droze da

ekurTxos Seni xelis yoveli namuSakevi. bevr xalxebs miscem sesxs, Tavad ki aravisgan isesxeb~

(rjl. 28:12).

`aaSeneben ucxoTa Zeni Sens kedlebs da maTi mefeni dagiwyeben samsaxurs...; mudam Ria

iqneba Seni karibWeni, ar Caiketeba dRiTa da RamiT, raTa mogitanon xalxTa dovlaTi da maTi

mefeebi mogiyvanon. radgan xalxi da samefo, romelic ar dagemorCileba, daiRupeba da es

xalxebi ganadgurdebian~ (es. 60:10-12).

procentis gadaxdis problema yvela drosa da erSi ipyrobda adamianTa gonebas da masTan

dakavSirebuli yvela saSiSroeba sworad iqna gacnobierebuli.

Cvens eramde 594 wels solonma gaauqma piradi davalianebebi. am kanons uwodebdnen

`valebisagan ganTavisuflebas~.

Zvel romSi Lex Gemicia-m Cvens eramde 332 wels, mciredi fiqris Semdeg saerTod

akrZala procentebis amoReba.

imperator iustinianes dros gamoica akrZalva rTul procentebze, romelsac daerTo gan-

marteba, rom ar SeiZleboda procentebis imaze metad moTxovna, Tu gadauxdeli procentebi

gaizrdeboda sesxad gacemuli kapitalis sididemde.

romis papma leo I-ma 443 wels gamosca sayovelTao akrZalva procentebis akrefaze,

Tumca aqamde mxolod klerikalebs ekrZalebodaT sesxebze procentebis aReba. maSin procen-

tebze akrZalva iqca kanonikuri wesis nawilad, xolo diletantebisaTvis savaldebulo wesad.

dasavluri kanonmdebloba TandaTanobiT uaxlovdeboda kanonikur Tvalsazriss da sjida

kidevac procentebis amoRebas jarimebiT. ra Tqma unda, amgvari kanonebiT warmoebda brZola

130

procentebis winaaRmdeg, zogierTebi cdilobdnen maTTvis gverdis avlas, magram modiT, am

mokle istoriuli eqskursis dros vaxsenoT erTi saocari istoriuli faqti: maSin, roca XI-

XVII saukuneebis kanonikuri samarTali qristianebs ukrZalavda procentebis gadaxdevinebas,

ebraelebisTvis es nebadarTuli iyo. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania is, rom mxolod XIX sau-

kunis Sua periodSi iqna gauqmebuli procentebis gadaxdevinebis yovelgvari SezRudva da pro-

centebze nebismieri akrZalvebi. magaliTad: inglisSi es ganxorcielda 1854 wels, daniaSi -

1856 wels, belgiaSi - 1865 wels, xolo avstriaSi - 1868 wels.

maSasadame, cneba `procenti~, romelic dRes ganixileba `fuladi qonebis~ cnebasTan

ganuyrelad, daaxloebiT saukune naxevrisaa. magram swored procentis cnebam demonuri Zalau-

flebis xarki Tavidanve iseT sayovelTao Zalis mqoned aqcia, rogorsac dRes mas vicnobT.

mxolod me-19 saukunis Sua periodidan iwyeba msxvili bankirebisa da finansuri elitebis mi-

marT saxelmwifos davalianeba, romelic sul ufro Zlierdeba. mxolod am periodidan dawye-

buli vakvirdebiT saxelmwifos funqciis dakninebas. saxelmwifoebrivi ganviTarebis aseTi mi-

marTuleba mxolod da mxolod mamonistur interesebs emsaxureba, romelsac Cvenive interese-

bis sawinaaRmdegod gadavcemT msoflio mefobis gvirgvins.

Malkhaz Chikobava

The Fundamental Causes of Global Financial-Economic Crises and the Way to Overcome it

Resume

The given work analyses main factors of a modern financial-economic crisis. Every day almost everyone

uses money. Yet, few people understand how money works and affects their lives directly and indirectly. Money is one of the most ingenious inventions of humankind, as it helps the exchange of goods and services and over-comes the limits of barter, that is, the direct exchange of goods and services. Thus, money creates the possibility for specialization, which is the basis of civilization. Then why do we have a "money problem"? Money does not only help the exchange of goods and services but can also hinder the exchange of goods and services by being kept in the hands of those who have more than they need. Thus it creates a private toll gate where those who have less than they need pay a fee to those who have more money than they need. To overcome crisis it is necessary fundamental changes of modern monetary system.

131

niko CixlaZe

wyalobis da madlis `gazomvis~ ekonomikuri da marTlmadidebluri aspeqtebi

uflisagan miRebuli wyaloba da madli, anu ~xelTuqmneli energia~ (wm. grigol palama)

udidesi bednierebaa marTlmadideblisaTvis. dasabamidan, uflis ganuzomebel mowyalebaze mety-

velebs ori faqti: jer erTi ufalma adamiani samoTxeSi daadgina, sadac sruli netareba su-

fevda da meorec, rodesac adamianma ar aRasrula RvTis mcneba da codviT daeca, RmerTma igi

maSinve ki ar gamoaZeva samoTxidan, aramed wamodgomis, anu sinanulis, gamosworebis, marTal

gzaze Sedgomis saSualeba misca. samwuxarod, adami da eva ki ampartavnebam da umadurobam moic-

va, rac gaxda winapiroba maTi samoTxidan gamodevnisa. uflis ganxorcielebis miuxedavad, adami-

ans samoTxidan gamodevnis Semdegac ar mohklebia misi wyaloba.

sainteresoa sakiTxi, aris Tu ara Cveni Rvawli, RvTivsaTno Sroma da saqmianoba madlisa

da wyalobis winapiroba. miwieri moTxovnilebebisa da sulieri sazrdos mopovebis alternati-

vis sakiTxi SeiZleba marTlac winaaRmdegobrivad mogveCvenos.

~esreT ityvis ufali: wyeul iyavn kaci, romelsa sasoeba aqus kacisa mimarT, da ganimtki-

cos xorci mklavisa Tvisisai, da uflisagan gandges guli misi... da kurTxeul ars kaci, rome-

li esvida uflisa mimarT. da iyos ufali saso missa~ (ier. 17:5-7).

bunebrivia, moyvasis imedi kacs yovelTvis unda hqondes, magram aq xazgasmiT aris

aRniSnuli, rom mxolod kacis, mokvdavis moimede adamiania gasakicxi, romelsac uflis imedi

ar aqvs da sasoebas mxolod misnairi mokvdavisagan elis. amdenad, kaci gansacdelisa da

gaWirvebis dros movlenili, aseve RvTis damsaxurebad unda CavTvaloT. aranakleb mniS-

vnelovania wminda werilis Segonebac imis Sesaxeb, rom `ara ars kaci, romelic cxondes da ara

scodos~. amdenad, adamians yovelTvis aqvs Sansi codvis Semdegac wamodges, saTno-eyos ufals

da Tavisi saqmianobiT, gulSemusvrilebiT, simdabliT, morCilebiT sasufevlis gzas daadges.

uflis wyalobis gareSe adamiani araraobaa, mtvrisgan Seqmnili arsebaa (dab. 2:7),

romelsac erTi Tmis Camogdebac ar ZaluZs sakuTari Tavidan. amitomaa, rom didi monanulni

sakuTar Tavs araraobad miiCneven: `xolo me matl var da ara kac, sayuedrel kacTa da

Seuracx erisa~- ambobs daviTi mefsalmune (fsalm.21:7).

Zvel aRTqmaSi mravladaa magaliTi imisa, rom uflisgan ganSorebuli kacobrioba

adeqvatur sasjels iRebda uzenaesisagan (sodomi da gomori, SimSili, mousavlianoba, monoba,

SvilTa amxedreba, samefos danawevreba da a.S.).

ufalma moses SuamdgomlobiT xalxs auwya maTi movaleobisa da uflis mcnebebis

Sesrulebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb. Tuki adamianebi, romelTac Tavisufali arCevanis saSualeba

hqondaT RvTis morCilebaSi iqnebodnen da uflis mcnebebs Seasrulebdnen, kurTxevas miiRebdnen

uzenaesisagan. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi isini SeCvenebisaTvis iyvnen ganwiruli: `uyureT, asarCevad

gaZlevT dRes kurTxevas da SeCvenebas: kurTxevas - Tu SeigonebT uflis, Tqveni RmerTis

mcnebebs, romelTac gicxadebT dRes, SeCvenebas - Tu ar SeigonebT, uflis, Tqveni RmerTis

mcnebebs da gadauxvevT gzas, romelsac gicxadebT dRes, da gahyvebiT ucxo RmerTebs, romelTac

ar icnobT... ecadeT, rom SeasruloT wesi da samarTali, romelsac dRes viZlevi Tqvens winaSe~

(rjl. 11:26-32). Tumca, xSir SemTxvevaSi RvTisagan gandgomili xalxi uzenaesis samarTlian

risxvas imsaxurebda: `damwuxrda, daRonda qveyana; daWkna, daRonda sofeli, daWknen qveynierTa

didebulni. waibilwa miwa mis mkvidrTa qveS, radgan gadaudgnen rjuls, daarRvies kanoni,

gatexes saukuno aRTqma. amitom wyevla Wams miwas da isjebian misi mkvidrni; amitom gadaibugnen

miwierni da mcireniRa gadarCnen~ (es. 24:4-6).

132

noes piriT asi wlis manZilze afrTxilebda RmerTi adamianebs moqceuliyvnen da uRmer-

Tod ar ecxovraT. saukune sakmarisi unda yofiliyo dafiqrebisa da sinanulisaTvis, magram

sanacvlod noe Seuracxadadac miiCnies, ixiles ra mis mier gorakze agebuli xomaldi.

Zveli aRTqmis mixedviT `zarmacis suli mowyurebulia, magram araferi aqvs; muyaiTni ki

danayrdebian~ (igav. 13:4). amrigad, muyaiTi (SromaSi, locvaSi, RvTivsaTno saqmeebis keTebaSi)

zeciur madls miiRebs da `danayrdeba~ (rogorc xorcielad, ise sulierad). amdenad, RvTis

mosawoni moZraoba, moqmedeba, garja aris uflisagan sanacvlos miRebis erTgvari garantia:

`isiamovne uflis mier da is agisrulebs gulis wadils~ (fsalm. 36:4).

wminda werilSi xazgasmiT aris aRniSnuli xvalindeli dRis amao zrunvis Sesaxeb,

romelsac SfoTi da vaeba mohyveba. `nu hzrunavT da ityviT, raÁ vWamoT, anu raÁvsuaT, anu raÁ

SevimosoT?” (maT. 6:31). sasufevlis Zieba, anu RvTivsaTno cxovreba eriskacisaTvis uflisagan

`yovelives~, anu saqonlisa da momsaxurebis sakmarisi nakrebis miRebis erTgvar garantias

warmoadgens. adamians amqveyniuri, miwieri gzac aqvs gasavleli da miwierisaTvis zrunva da

garjac ar aris dasaZraxi, Tuki es qmedeba sulis gadarCenisken aris mimarTuli. mociqulebma

sasufevlis Zieba, RmerTTan Tanaziareba maradiuli qeba-dideba uflisa arCies meTevzeobas, anu

miwier sazrunavebs. maT araferi gaaCndaT, magram yvelaferi hqondaT (pavle mociquli) da

ubralo mebadurebi adamianTa sulebis mebadurebad iqcnen.

sagulisxmoa daviT mefsalmunis Segoneba imis Sesaxeb, rom RvTis madidebeli da uflis-

Tvis saTno, anu marTali kaci da misi STamomavali ar uxilavs SeWirvebul mdgomareobaSi. amiT

didi daviTi aRniSnavs, rom aseTi marTali da uflis erTguli adamianebi, uflisganac jildov-

debian, rogorc sulierad, ise xorcieli sazrdoTic: `yrmaÁ viyav da davberdica da ara vixile

marTali dagdebul, arca Tesli misi mTxovel purisa~ (fsal. 36:25).

ar arsebobs WkuaTmyofeli adamiani, romelsac Svili purs sTxovdes da qva misces, Tevzs

sTxovdes da gveli uboZos. miwieri mamis es mowyaleba, miT umetes, ver Seedreba zeciuri mamis

mowyalebas: ~ukueTu Tquen, ukeTurTa, iciT misacemeli keTili micemad SvilTa TquenTa, rao-

den ufroÁsRa mamaman Tquenman zecaTaman mosces keTili, romelni sTxovden mas!~ (maT. 7:11).

uflisaTvis mTavaria RvTivsaTno saqmeebis keTeba da ara mxolod ~uqmi baasi~ (wm. gabri-

el episkoposi). saxarebiseul ganmartebaSi siyvarulisa da samsjavros Sesaxeb, ufali gulis-

wyromas gamoxatavs maT mimarT, vinc mxolod sityviT aris uflis mimdevari, saqmiT ki ar

aRasrulebs RvTis mcnebebs. amitom madlis mimRebi ver gaxdeba morwmune, romelic mxolod ga-

iZaxis ~ufalo, ufalo~ da saqmiT ki ar aRasrulebs (luk. 6:46).

Rirs vifiqroT, rom RvTivsaTno Sroma, garja, brZola uZRvis win sazRaurs, wyalobas

da madls, riTac ufro mdgradi xdeba igi. wm. daviT mefsalmune ambobs: ~ixile simdable Cemi

da Sroma Cemi da momiteven me yovelni codvani Cemni~ (fsalm. 24:17). amrigad, Sroma, garja au-

cilebeli pirobaa cxonebisa, magram albaT, arasakmarisi.

wminda werili madls sxvadasxva ganzomilebaSi gvTavazobs: ~mowyalebiT mixedva, siyvaru-

li~ (dab. 39:3; gam. 3:21; saqm. 7:46), mSveniereba, Sno (fsalm 44;2; igav. 4;9), saTnoeba, qvel-

moqmedeba, keTili saqme (zir. 7:36). saxarebiseuli Teza ~mSromeli Tavisi sazrdos Rirsia~

(maT. 10:10) kidev erTxel adasturebs uflis samarTlianobas. igi SeiZleba gavigoT, rogorc

RvTivsaTno saqmeebis Rirseuli sazRauri, anu sulieri sazrdos, sasufevlis, rogorc misi maq-

simaluri gamovlinebis Rirsi. ufali erTgvar mzadyofnas acxadebs sasyidlis (SeiZleba iTqvas,

rogorc materialuris, ise sulieris) gasacemad maTTvis, vinc Rirsia. metic, SeiZleba iTqvas,

dadebiTi korelacia arsebobs gaweul miwier Rvawlsa da zeciur dafasebas Soris.

ubedureba (RvTis risxva) drois raRac monakveTSi SeiZleba iyos aseve RvTis gangebuleba,

RvTis neba, momavalSi ukeTesis misaRebad. amisaTvis sakmarisia gavixsenoT marTali iobi,

romelmac RvTis siyvaruliT da simSvidiT uamravi Wiri daiTmina da uflisganac didi wyaloba

133

miiRo. aseve, SeuZlebelia yovelTvis vamtkicoT, rom amqveyniuri sikeTeebi, `droebiTi~

xasiaTisa, nebismier SemTxvevaSi RvTisagan boZebulia - mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs Semosavali (aqti-

vebi), romelic avi, RvTismouwonari saqmidan aris miRebuli. ufali zogjer uSvebs mavanTaTvis

aseTi Semosavlis miRebas, Tumca igi mainc cud saqmeSi ixarjeba an mflobelisaTvis arasasi-

keTod iflangeba. marTebulad brZanebda amis Sesaxeb mTavarepiskoposi inokenti xersoneli:

`borotebiT mopovebuli borotebaSi ixarjeba. Tu cudi saqmiT mogebas iReb, es ubedurebis

sawindrad CaTvale~.1

sazogadod, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ubedureba erTgvarad dadebiT korelaciaSia Cadenil

codvebTan da madlis deficitTan. rogorc saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II ganmar-

tavs `madli ar iyideba da arc sxva saSualebiT gadaecema; nebismierma Cvenganma TviTon unda

iRvawos, imdeni madli moipovos, rom cxondes... Cveni problemebis umetesobac madlis

naklebobidan gamomdinareobs... madliereba qristianuli saTnoebaTagania da masTan dakavSirebiT

Cveni damaxinjebuli damokidebuleba aucileblad unda gamovasworoT~.2

Rirsi mama ioane kibisaRmwereli samarTlianad mijnavs RvTis ganWvretas, Sewevnasa da

wyalobas: `sxva aris RvTis ganWvreta, sxva - misi Sewevna, kidev sxva - dacva, wyaloba, nugeSi.

pirveli yvela arsebaze vrceldeba, Sewevna RvTis erTgulebTan gvxvdeba, dacva ki iseT

erTgulebTan, romlebic WeSmaritad aseTni arian. wyalobas uflisaTvis muSakni moimkian, xolo

nugeSs - misi moyvarulni~.3

Tavis mxriv, RvTis risxva SeiZleba ganizomos adamianis, individis mimarT da mTeli

sazogadoebis mimarTac. bibliuri, aseve saqarTvelos sisxliT morwyuli istoriis bevri mo-

nakveTi, Tundac Cveni uaxlesi istoriac mowmobs, qveyanaSi apokalifsuri Jamianobisas, gamo-

Cndebian wmindanebi, mociqulebi, mowameni, romlebic amsubuqeben `bneleTis mociqulTa~ qmede-

bebs da uflisadmi rwmenas ganamtkiceben.

wyalobisa da RvTivsaTno saqmianobis anlizisas uTuod gasaTvaliswinebelia is udidesi

RvTiuri niWi, rasac morCileba warmoadgens. swored morCilebasTan erTad aRsrulebul saqmia-

nobas `miiTvlis~ da aRiarebs ufali. gavixsenoT Tundac abrami, romelic daemorCila RvTis

nebas da gamoeyo kerpTayvanismcemlebs (sakuTar ojaxs). aseTi morCilebis Sedegad mas daerqva

abraami da aRivso qveyana misi STamomavliT. man miiRo samaradJamo keTildReoba, dideba da

ukvdaveba STamomavlobaSi. mociqulTa Tavi pavle gvauwyebs: `vinc rwmenisagan aris, morwmune

abraamTan erTad ikurTxeba~ (gal. 3:8-9).

codvisadmi miswrafebas protopresviteri al. Smemani Semdegi saxiT gadmogvcems: “adamiani

daemona codvas, igi monaa - da mas ukve aRar SeuZlia sakuTari ZalebiT gaTavisufldes am mo-

nobisagan. da Tu sjuli, ese igi sjulis normis codna, sakmarisi iqneboda codvis dasaZlevad,

saWiro aRar iqneboda xsna qristesi. magram misca ra sjuli, RmerTma, erTi mxriv, adamians

gamoucxada, rom boroteba `aranormalurobaa~ - aris codva, adamianisa da samyaros Sesaxeb

RmrTis nebis darRveva, meore mxriv, msjavri dasdo adamians, ramdenadac aris ra codvili,

magram ar aqvs codvis daZlevis Zalmosileba, adamiani uimedod ganwirulia”.4

codva-madlisa da sococxlis xangrZlivobis korelaciis Sesaxeb saintereso mosazrebebs

gvTavazobs prof. ak. bakuraZe. igi miiCnevs, rom marxva, TavSekaveba da qristianuli Rvawli

WeSmaritad amarcxebs am wuTisofels da axangrZlivebs sicocxles. Tuki RvTisnierad vicxov-

rebT, ufalic dRegrZelobiT dagvlocavs. mecnieri im Tamam daskvnamdec midis, rom sikvdilis

mizezTa gamomwvevi yvela faqtori codvis nayofad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.5

codva madlisa da materialurze gamokidebuli sazogadoebis Sesaxeb metad saintereso da

samarTlian mosazrebebs gvTavazoben Tanamedrove qarTveli mamebi da mRvdelmTavrebi (iRumeni

1 dawvr. ix. Jurn. “karibWe”, #2(167), 2011. gv. 18.

2 2012 wlis saSobao epistole.

3 Jurn. “karibWe”, #4, 2011. gv. 16.

4 Smemani al., marTlmadideblobis istoriuli gza. Tb., `wignis saxelosno”, 2011. gv. 43.

5 bakuraZe ak., sicocxlis xangrZlivobis zrdis erTi sakiTxisaTvis. Jurn. “ekonomikuri profili”, #3,

2007. gv. 37-41.

134

ioane kavsaZe, iRumeni dionise gvimraZe, dekanozi arCil mindiaSvili, mitropoliti zosime Si-

oSvili).

zemoT motanili msjelobisa da dasaxelebuli faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, SevecadoT

avagoT hipoTezuri modeli, romelic grafikulad gamosaxavs uflisagan miRebul wyalobas,

,,codvian saqmeTa qmnas~ da ~uflis sasikeTod aRsrulebul saqmeTa fass` Soris damokidebule-

bas (davZenT, rom am sakiTxis ganxilvisas SeiZleba zedmetad miwiernic aRmovCndeT, rameTu

`RvTis rjuli xorcielad aRmovikiTxneT~ (I tim. 1:7). upriani iqneba msjeloba warvmarToT

daSvebiT `sxva Tanabar pirobebSi~ (Ceteris Paribus), anu ufro marTebuli da zusti iqneba msje-

loba, rom sxva Tanabar pirobebSi arsebobs ukudamokidebuleba codvasa da wyalobas Soris).

Tu am ukanasknels CavTvliT mTavar argumentad, miviRebT logikur msjelobas: rac maRa-

lia aqtivoba uflis sasikeTod aRsrulebul saqmeTa (mag., RvTivsaTno saqmianoba, mcnebebis

dacva, uflisa da moyvasis siyvaruli da a.S.) miT met wyalobas unda velodeT uflisagan, anu

miT metia sazRauris miRebis albaToba. SeiZleba iTqvas piriqiTac: rac metad araRvTivsaTnoa

Cveni cxovreba, da arakeaTilsindisier, araRvTismosawon saqmianobas veweviT (mcnebebis darRve-

va, farisevloba, sibilwe, ukeTurebani, sazogadod uflis Ralati, “mteroba uflisa”), miT me-

tia Cveni `codvianobis koeficienti~.

SevecadoT es mokrZalebuli ideebi avsaxoT grafikulad (ix. nax. 1): warmodgenili (MM) mrudi vizualurad ukeT gviCvenebs am sidideTa pirdapiri damokidebulebis hipoTezur

variants. (mag., A wertilSi `wyalobis sidide~ gacilebiT naklebia, vidre B wertilSi P1<P2) analogiuri msjelobiT SeiZleba gamovsaxoT ukudamokidebulebis amsaxveli mrudi (nax. 2). rac

ufro mcirdeba uflis sasikeTod aRsrulebuli saqmeebi (P2I<P1

I), miT metia `codvianobis

sidide~ (a1I<b1I). am damokidebulebas NN mrudi gamosaxavs.

nax. 1.`wyalobis mrudi~ nax. 2. `codvianobis mrudi~

amdenad, marTlmadidebeli qristianis cxovreba codva-madlis Sesayarzea. aqedan gamomdinare,

misi cxovrebis konkretul momentSi raRac ~miwieri wonasworoba~ myardeba codvasa da wyalobas

Soris, sanam misi suli imierSi, uflis samsjavroze moxvdeba. am wonasworobis gamosaxva SesaZ-

lebelia grafikulad, Tuki pirvel meoTxedSi avsaxavT dasaxelebul procesebs (ix. nax. 3).

warmodgenil modelSi K wonasworobis wertilia, rac niSnavs ~wyalobisa~ da ~codviano-

bis~ gawonasworebas, ,,tolobas~ drois garkveul momentSi. Tumca, SeiZleba marTlmadidebelma

qristianma es wonasworoba mis sasikeTod, an sazianod daarRvios. amiT mrudebi sxvadasxva mi-

marTulebiT gadaadgilebian. am wonasworobaSi sasurveli are aris K wertilis zeda are. aq

vertikaluri RerZis Sesabamis nebismier pirobiT wertilSi, anu uflis sasikeTod aRsrulebul

uflis sasike-

Tod aRsrule-

bul `saqmeTa

fasi~

codvianoba (cod-

visken midrekileba)

uflis sasike-

Tod aRsrule-

bul `saqmeTa

fasi~

wyaloba

135

`saqmeTa fasis~ D wertilis zemoT `wyalobis mniSvnelobebi~ metia `codvis mniSvnelobebze~.

amitom am ares vuwodoT `Warbi wyalobis are~. Sesabamisad K wertilis qveda are iqneba

`wyalobis deficitis~ (an kidev, `codvianobis siWarbis~ are).

nax. 3.

nax. 4. ,,wyalobis~ mrudis gadaadgileba

cxadia, wyalobis miRebis ZiriTadi faqtori uflis sasikeTod aRsrulebuli saqmeebia,

magram arsebobs rigi faqtori, romelsac SeuZlia wonasworobis rRveva marTlmadidebeli

qristianis sasikeTod an sazianod. magaliTad, aseTi faqtorebi `wyalobis gazrdis~ mimarTu-

lebiT SeiZleba iyos:

1) `zeciuri sazRauris~ misaRebad daxarjuli Zalisxmevis cvlileba (gazrda an Semcireba);

2) `sazRauris~ miRebis msurvelTa raodenobis cvlileba (gazrda an Semcireba);

3) sxva faqtorebi.

dasaxelebuli faqtorebis zegavleniT, `wyalobis mrudi~ gadainacvlebs zemoT an qvemoT.

Sesabamisad, wyalobac gaizrdeba an Semcirdeba (ix. nax. 4.).

magaliTad, Tuki marTlmadidebeli gazrdis “zeciuri sazRauris” misaRebad daxarjul

Zalisxmevas, M0M0 gadainacvlebs qvemoT, M1M1-ken, anu wyalobis sidide gaizrdeba, xolo Tu es

Zalisxmeva Semcirdeba, maSin mrudi zemoT, M2M2-Si gadainacvlebs da wyalobis sididec Sem-

cirdeba (OA3 < OA1). analogiurad SeiZleba aRvweroT `codvianobis~ cvlilebebic (nax. 5.)

უფლის სასიკეთოდ აღსრულებულ „საქმეთა ფასი“

codvisa da wyalobis wonasworoba

წყალობა, ცოდვიანობა (ცოდვისკენ misწრაფება)


წყალობა


codvisa da wyalobis wonasworoba da

misi rRveva

წყალობა, ცოდვიანობა (ცოდვისკენ misწრაფება)

i f b სწრ )

136

nax. 5. codvianobis cvlilebebi

codvianobis gazrda SeuZlia magaliTad, msoflmxedvelobis Secvlas marTlmadideblobis

sasikeTod an sazianod (mwvalebluri konfesiebi, seqtebi, sxva sarwmunoebis miReba da sxva),

sazogadoebis sibilwisa da avisqmedebisaken swrafvas da a.S.). Tu aseTi individebis raodenoba

gaizarda N0N0 mrudi marjvniv (zemoT) gadaadgildeba da codvianoba gaizrdeba. winaaRmdeg

SemTxvevaSi igi Semcirdeba (OA3I > OA1

I ). uflismieri gansacdelis movlinebac, romlis Sesaxeb nawilobriv zemoTac aRvniSneT, er-

Tgvari wanamZRvaria, winapirobaa RvTis gzis Sedgomisa, ufalTan misvla-miaxloebisa, rwmenis

ganmtkicebisa, uflis mcnebebiT cxovrebisa, karg marTlmadideblad Camoyalibebisa. dabrkoleba-

Ta gadalaxva eqstrasensebiT, SelocvebiT, iogas varjiSebiT, seqtebSi siaruliT da eSmakis man-

qanebiT ki ar xdeba, aramed locviT, marxviTa da SromiT. eSmaki mowodebulia daipyros `RvTis

xati da msgavsi~, cdilobs aTasgvari maxeebisa da badeebis dagebas, raTa adamianTa sulebi mac-

dur badeSi gaaxvios, im badeSi, romelic meoTxe saukuneSi aRsrulebulma netarma antoni did-

ma ixila. eSmaki dReniadag daZrwis marTal sulTa xelSi Casagdebad. amitom mogviwodebs petre

mociquli: ~mRviZare iyveniT, rameTu wina-mosajuli Tqueni eSmaki viTarca lomi myvirali mimo-

vals da eZiebs, vinmca STanTqa~ (I petre, 5:8).

WeSmarit qristians yovelTvis SeuZlia wamodges dacemis Semdeg da uflis gziT iaros.

RadarinelTa qveyanaSi eSmakeulis gankurnebisas da misgan gamosuli eSmakis Rorebis koltSi

danTqmis Semdeg am saswaulis mxilvelni sinanuliT ki ar aRivsen, aramed ~evedrebodes mas yo-

veli igi simravle garemo soflebisaÁ mis gadarinelTasa, raTa warvides maTgan, rameTu SiSiTa

didiTa Sepyrobil iyvnes~ (luk. 8:37). swored TavianTi codvebis mxilebis SiSma da codvebis

monaniebis mzaobis arqonam SeaZrwuna isini.

zogierTi adamiani, vardeba ra xiblSi ampartavnebiT, mxolod sakuTar siZlieres miawers

garkveul warmatebebs, miRwevebs an ~keTil saqmeTa qmnas~. realurad, kacTagan qmnili sikeTe,

madli, ra Tqma unda uflisganaa. adamians miniWebuli aqvs Tavisufali neba sikeTis sakeTeblad:

~rasaca gascem Senia, rac ara dakarguliao~ - brZanebs rusTaveli. raoden didi bednierebaa,

roca ufali gviboZebs saSualebas, saxsars keTil saqmeTa saqmnelad - mTavaria Cveni keTili ne-

ba da es saqmeebi aRvasruloT. miuxedavad amisa, gaRebuli Zalisxmeva da madli Cvenve Segve-

racxeba, ar gvekargeba ~Cvengan mieTvleba~ Semoqmeds.

uflisaTvis miuRebelia, vinc ar amravlebs talantebs (luk. 19:11-27), ar iqms keTil da

RvTivsaTno saqmeebs. Tanac dids didobiT, pataras ki patarobiT moekiTxeba. vinc talantebis

gamamravlebelia moipovebs caTa sasufevels (`batonis sixaruls~), vinc flavs mas (mterni

uflisani), saSineli samsjavro elis.

I I I


ცოდვიანობა (ცოდვისკენ მისწრაფება)

137

mniSvnelovania, agreTve, sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor vasrulebT uflis mcnebebs, ra

Zalisxmevas mivmarTavT misken - sulierebiT aRvsebuls, Tu garegnuls. marTlmadidebelTa erTi

nawili miiCnevs, rom sakmarisia uflis mcnebebis Sesruleba gansakuTrebiT sazogadoebisaTvis

SesamCnevad. aseTi adamiani, romelic moklebulia simarTles, farisevlis msgavsia: ~ukueTu ar

aRematos simarTle Tqueni ufrois mwignobarTa da farisevelTa, ver SexvideT sasufevelsa ca-

Tasa~ (maT. 5:20). aseTi qristiani farisevlis msgavsad kidev ufro Sordeba ufals.1

warmatebuli sulieri cxovreba erTgvari sawindaria momavali warmatebisa. RvTivsaTno

cxovrebis jildod ufali cxra netarebas awesebs. adamianis gulwrfel da monanul Txovnas

ufali yovelTvis Seismens da imdens mianiWebs, ramdensac daitevs: ~iTxovdiT da mogeces Tquen,

eZiebdiT da hpooT, irekdiT da gangeRos Tqun. rameTu yoveli romeli iTxovdes, moiRos, da

romeli eZiebdes, poos, da romeli irekdes, ganeRos~ (luk. 11:9-10). Tumca, adamiani yovelTvis

valSia ufalTan da misi codvebi verasodes gadawonis uflis wyalobis imeds.

RvTis uzomo wyalobaa wminda evqaristiac, roca ufali Tavis sisxlsa da xorcs gvizia-

rebs. marTlmadidebelma unda iRvawos, RvTivsaTnod icxovros da uflis mosawoni saqmeebi ake-

Tos, raTa usasyidlod iqnas Sewyalebuli.

ufali Cvengan yovelTvis elis siyvarulis gamovlenas, radgan RmerTi Tavad aris siyva-

ruli. yvela RvTivsaTno saqme siyvarulSi gamoixateba. amitom, ufali Cveni, romelsac araferi

unda Cvengan, radgan miwieri gagebiT, yvelaferi gaaCnia, Cveni codvili sulebisagan mxolod

siyvarulis gamovlinebas moelis da sanacvlod uzomo mowyalebas gaiRebs.

Niko Chikhladze

Economic and Orthodox Aspects of “Measuring” the Grace and Mercy

Resume

Receiving the grace and mercy from the God is a great happiness for orthodox Christian. It always has been interesting question about whether our merit, virtuous works and activities are the preconditions for receiving the grace and mercy from the God. The problem of alternative between striving for the earthly comfort or spiritual food may really seem controversial to us.

The most important to the God is to do virtuous works. In his explanations to gospel about love and law-court, the Lord expresses his anger to those, who only with words follow him, but in reality do not observe the commandments of God. It’s worth considering that virtuous works, efforts and striving precede the reward, grace and mercy that make them much more stable. The labor and efforts constitute a necessary condition of salvation, but not enough probably.

The paper dwells on the reflections and analysis, and there are studied some factors. Based on this, there is constructed the hypothesize model, which graphically shows the grace received from God, and interdependency between “doing sinful things” and “value of virtuous works”. The reflection is conducted with an assumption “for equal other conditions” (Ceteris Paribus). There are constructed the creature models of the grace and mercy by means of diagrams that result in revealing the main economic parallel and making the relevant conclusions.

There is shown that life of orthodox Christian flows on the borderline between sin and mercy. Therefore, at a certain time in his life there is established a certain “creature equilibrium point” between sin and mercy, until his sole will attend Judgment Day. This equilibrium is shown graphically. The major factor of receiving the grace consists in virtuous works done in the name of God, but there are existed some factors, which can disturb this bal-ance helpful or harmful to orthodox Christian.

God always expects a display of love from us, since God is love itself. All the virtuous works are expressed by love. Thus, our Lord, who wants nothing of us since in the conception we have on the Earth he has everything, expects only a display of love from our sinful souls, and then in return for this he will give us the boundless grace.

1 CixlaZe n., mebaJis koncepti wminda werilSi. quTaisis universiteti, 2011. gv. 23-24.

138

murman cecxlaZe

JuJuna SainiZe

religiis, eTikisa da ekonomikis urTierTdamokidebulebis zogierTi aspeqti

dReisaTvis sakmaod cxadi gaxda, rom mxolod bazris uxilavi xeli ar aris sakmarisi

ekonomikuri cxovrebis mosawyobad. samecniero wreebSi sakmaod aqtualuria sakiTxi imis Sesa-

xeb, rom sameurneo sferoSi aucilebelia davubrundeT eTikur sawyisebs.

eTikuri normebis gareSe ikargeba ndoba socialur-ekonomikur urTierTobebSi. metismetad

izrdeba transaqciuri xarjebi. dReisaTvis sakmaod bevrma ekonomikurma subieqtma gadawyvita

aagos egreTwodebuli ~ndobis qseli~, rac ase mniSvnelovania warmatebuli konkurenciuli

brZolisaTvis.

eTikur aspeqtebze yuradReba ekonomikis sferoSi gansakuTrebiT gamaxvilda XX saukunis

70-iani wlebidan. 1973 wels menejmentisadmi miZRvnil davosis mesame forumze ganixiles ~zne-

obrivi principebis kodeqsi sawarmos xelmZRvanelTaTvis~ Ddokumenti dagvirgvinebulia Tezi-

siT: ~Tumca sawarmos mogeba mniSvnelovani ram aris, magram igi ar warmoadgens saboloo mi-

zans sawarmos xelmZRvanelobisaTvis~1.

1986 wels frederik filipsis (filips eleqtronikis yofili prezidenti) da olivie

Jiskar d’estenis (insaidis vice-prezidenti) mier daarsebulma koqsis mrgvali magidis wevrebma

moamzades biznesis principebi. koqsis deklaracia aRiarebs ~moralur RirebulebaTa saWiroebas

ekonomikur gadawyvetilebaTa miRebisas, maT gareSe SeuZlebelia stabiluri ekonomikuri urTi-

erTobani da sicocxlisunariani saerTaSoriso sazogadoebrioba~2.

1993 wels miRebul iqna religiaTaSorisi deklaracia, saerTaSoriso samewarmeo eTikis

kodeqsi qristianTa, muslimanTa da ebraelTaTvis. deklaraciis teqsti SemuSavebul iqna edin-

burgis hercog princ filipis, iordaniis taxtis memkvidre ufliswulis hasan bil talalisa

da ser evelin de rotSildis patronaJiT3.

bolo ori deklaraciis Tanaxmad sawarmos amocanaa ara marto mepaieTa mogeba, aramed pa-

suxismgebloba aqcionerTa da yvela aqtiorisaTvis, visac sakuTari wvlili Seaqvs warmoebaSi.

orive deklaraciaSi sakmaod naTladaa Camoyalibebuli sawarmoTa valdebulebani TiToeuli aq-

tioris _ dasaqmebulTa, klientebis, mommaragebelTa, finansistTa, agreTve, adgilobrivi da

centraluri mTavrobebisa da bolos sawarmos mflobelTa mimarT.

sagulisxmoa, rom es ori deklaracia _ saero da sasuliero, bevri ramiT hgavs erTma-

neTs.

aq SeiZleba davasaxeloT ramdenime universaluri Rirebuleba, romlebsac didi mniSvnelo-

ba eniWeba iudaizmSi, qristianobasa da islamSi:

_ samarTlianoba: qmna marTlisa, wesiereba, avtoritetis realizacia kanonis pativiscemiT;

_ pativis migeba: adamianis mier sxvaTa pativiscema;

_ sandooba;

_ wesiereba: sandooba yovel adamianur urTierTobaSi.

meore mxriv, zogierTi mkvlevari ekonomikaSi eTikur sawyisebze dabrunebis aucileblobas

xsnis imiT, rom msoflioSi dadga postmodernuli epoqa, da am fazas unda Seesabamebodes

Tavisi tipis ekonomika. cnobili dasavleTevropeli mkvlevaris p. kozlovskis azriT, postmod-

ernis ekonomikuri mecniereba _ es eTikuri ekonomikaa.

1 ix. kiungi hans, msoflio zneoba msoflio politikisa da msoflio ekonomikisaTvis, Tb., 2000. 2 The Caux Round Table - Principles for Business, The Hague, 1994. 3 An Interfaith Declaration: A Code of Ethics on International Business for Christians, Muslims and Jews, London. 1993.

139

sociologebi daniel beli, entoni gidensi, zigmund baumani miaCneven, rom Tanamedrove

msoflio jer kidev maRali modernizmis epoqaSi cxovrobs. kerZod, e. gidensis SexedulebiT,

kacobrioba ~postmodernis epoqaSi Seva mxolod maSin, roca formalur racionalizms daamar-

cxebs da yoveldRiurobaSi daabrunebs aramaterialur Rirebulebebs~1, anu aucilebelia mora-

lur-eTikuri faseulobebis wina planze wamoweva.

amerikeli sociologi pitirin sorokini gamoyofs sami tipis kulturul zesistemas2:

1. ideaciurs _ zegoniers da zegrZnobads, romlis mixedviTac erTaderTi WeSmariteba

RmerTia. cxovrebis umaRlesi mizania RmerTTan erTianobisaken miswrafeba; damokidebuleba

grZnobadi samyaros, misi mravalferovnebis mimarT uaryofiTi an gulgrilia. am tipis kultu-

ras miakuTvnebs Sua saukuneebis evropul, brahmanul, budistur, daoistur, Zv.w. VIII-VII ss-is

berZnul kulturebs.

2. idealisturs _ Sualedurs ideaciursa da grZnobads sistemebs Soris. igi orientire-

bulia rogorc zecaze, aseve miwaze. amosavalia is, rom obieqturi realoba nawilobriv zeg-

rZnobadia, nawilobriv – grZnobadi. am tips mkvlevari miakuTvnebs Zv.w. V-IV ss-is berZnul da

XIII-XIV ss-is dasavleTevropul kulturebs.

3. grZnobads – es ukve Tanamedrove kulturaa. misTvis amosavalia is, rom obieqturi re-

aloba grZnobadia. mxolod mas aqvs azri, rasac Cveni grZnobaTa organoebiT vxedavT, vismenT,

SevigrZnobT da aRviqvamT. es kultura cdilobs gaTavisufldes religiis, moralis da ideaci-

uri kulturis sxva faseulobebisagan. igi orientirebulia amqveyniur yoveldRiur cxovrebaze.

grZnobadi kulturis formireba iwyeba XVI s-Si da apogeas aRwevs XX s-is Sua wlebSi.

p. sorokinis azriT, XX s-Si grZnobadma kulturam amowura Tavisi potenciali. misi ga-

darCena aRarafers SeuZlia.p ukve isaxeba axali, didi ideaciuri kultura, romelic emyareba

altruistuli siyvarulisa da solidarobis eTikur faseulobebs.

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT samyaros ganviTarebis spiralisebur models, SeuZlebelia ar dave-

TanxmoT p. sorokins.

zogierTi mecnieri miiCnevs, rom ekonomikuri saqmianobis da mTlianad ekonomikis struq-

turis religiuri TvalTaxedviT ganxilvisas, religiuri teqstebi da religiur moRvaweTa re-

komendaciebi unda gamoviyenoT rogorc eTikuri normebis krebuli da swored am kuTxiT unda

aisaxos igi ekonomikur TeoriaSi.

ufro detalur analizs am sakiTxis Sesaxeb gvaZlevs indoeli mecnieri, nobelis premiis

laureati amartia seni. is ambobs, rom debuleba adamianis egoisturi qcevis Sesaxeb sakmaod

didxans iyo popularuli, ramac daamuxruWa mniSvnelovani urTierTkavSirebis gamokvleva. senis

azriT racionaluri egoizmi ver gvaaxloebs adamianis realur qcevasTan da arc ekonomika mih-

yavs optimalur mdgomareobamde. Tavis Sexedulebas igi amyarebs iaponiis magaliTiT, sadac mo-

valeobaze, loialobasa da Tavisufal nebaze dafuZnebulma qcevam mogvca individualuri da

jgufuri efeqturobis maRali done3.

ekonomikaze eTikurad orientirebuli Sexedulebebis tradicia, adamianis motivaciis faq-

torTa gafarToebuli analizi, misi miznebis ganxilva, saTaves aristoteles (Zv.w.aR-iT 384-322 ww.) moZRvrebidan iRebs. normatiuli ekonomika, romelic realur models ki ar aRwers, aramed

aRwers Tu rogori unda iyos realoba, uaryofil iqna, rogorc araproduqtiuli. win wamoiwia

~inJinruli~ da ~teqnikaze orientirebuli~ midgoma. adamiani gamodis rogorc absoluturad

~racionaluri egoisti~, romelic eswrafvis sargeblianobis maTematikur maqsimizacias da

1 Giddens, Anthony (1982) Sociology: a Brief but Critical Introduction. 1990, London : Macmillan el. bibl. 1990; mis.

http://www.amazon.co.uk/Sociology-AnthonyGiddens/dp/074563379X. p. 65 2 Cорокин П.А. Человек. Цивилизасия. Обшество. – М.: Политиздат. 1992. Ст. 251-262. 3 Сен А. Об этике и экономике. М.: Наука, 1996.

140

SeuZlia efeqturi muSaoba SezRuduli resursebis, informaciisa da yuradRebis pirobebSi. sxva

yvela faqtori ganixileba, rogorc eqsternalia (calke mdgomi) an ucnobi egzogenuri

cvlilebebi, romlebic umniSvnelo zegavlenas axdenen modelebis Sedegianobaze.

Tanamedrove etapze ki mecniereba, romelic Tavs acxadebs rogorc eTikurad neitralurs,

ekonomikuri analizisas ufro metad da metad ixreba eTikuri faqtorebis mniSvnelobis aRiare-

bisaken. ZiriTadi azri Teoretikosebisa, romlebic eTikas mimarTaven. is aris, rom pasuxi gas-

cen kiTxvas: egoisturi qceva, rogorc ekonomikuri analizis winapiroba, marTla iZleva efeq-

turi modelis agebis saSualebas? aseTi gamokvleva aucilebelia maSin, rodesac gadawyvetile-

bis miRebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia sxva, araekonomikuri faqtorebic. Tuki keTildReobis Teo-

riaSi antieTikur midgomas mivyavarT sargeblianobis pirovnebaTaSorisi Sedarebis uaryofisaken,

maSin Sefasebis erTaderT kriteriumad rCeba paretoseuli optimalurobis kriteriumi. magram,

a.seni amas socialuri miRwevebis SefasebisaTvis arasakmarisad miiCnevs.

ekonomikuri mecnierebis socioekonomikuri (humanitaruli) mimarTuleba gamodis adamianis

ekonomikuri modelis gafarToebisa da moraluri, fsiqologiuri, socialuri faqtorebis gaT-

valiswinebis momxred. am mimarTulebis fuZemdebeli amerikeli Teoretikosi amitai etcioni1,

axasiaTebs subieqtis motivacias minimum ori miznisaTvis: pirveli _ piradi siamovneba, meore

_ moraluri vali. ase rom, miznebi SeiZleba erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegebodes, magram morwmune ada-

mians swored moraluri valis aRsruleba aniWebs udides siamovnebas, ~vinaidan sixaruliT gam-

cemi uyvars RmerTs~2.

ekonomikuri Teoriis ganviTarebis tendenciam migviyvana movlenasTan, romelmac miiRo ~e-

konomikuri imperializmis~ saxelwodeba, radgan ekonomikuri meTodebi novatoruli aRmoCnda

agreTve socialuri movlenebis kvlevisas.

~ekonomikuri imperializmis~ skolis damaarsebeli g. s. beikeri statiaSi ~ekonomikuri

midgoma da adamianTa qcevebi~3, gvTavazobs Tamam hipoTezas. misi azriT, TiTqmis yoveli adamia-

nis sikvdili TviTmkvlelobas warmoadgens im TvalsazrisiT, rom igi SeiZleba gadavadebuliyo,

Tu moxdeboda ufro meti resursebis investireba sicocxlis gasaxangrZliveblad. ese igi, zog-

jer adamianebi swiraven sicocxlis xangrZlivobas sxvadasxva mizans, romelTa miRwevac maT

surT. adamiani xdeba narkomani, mweveli, alkoholiki im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sicocxlis is nawili,

romelsac swiravs, misTvis arasakmarisad faseulia. amis gamo igi uars ar ambobs mavne produq-

tebis miRebaze an ar misdevs sports da a.S. am konteqstSi ikargeba gansxvaveba ~TviTmkvlelo-

basa~ da ~bunebriv sikvdils Soris~. ase rom, religiis mxridan TviTmkvlelebisadmi moraluri

gakicxva farTo gagebiT TiTqmis yvela adamians exeba.

g. s. beikerma uaryo amJamindeli arCevanis warsulSi miRebul arCevanze damoukideblobis

neoklasikuri winapiroba, riTac gardatexa moaxdina adre araracionalurad miCneul (Tu ar

CavTvliT avstriul racionalurobis Teorias) tradiciul-CveulebiTi qmedebis SefasebaSi.

g. s. beikeris mixedviT CveulebiTi qceva _ iseTi qcevaa, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia

dadebiTi damokidebuleba warsul da mimdinare moxmarebas Soris. aseT ~sikeTeebs~ ekonomikur

TeoriaSi uwodeben urTierTSemavseblebs. tradiciuli qcevaa _ Cvevebi, mgrZnobiaroba moxmare-

biT arCevanze, romelic gakeTebulia Soreul warsulSi.

mavne CvevebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia is, rom keTildReobis mimdinare moxmarebis zrda

uaryofiTad moqmedebs momaval sargeblianobaze (loToba _ janmrTelobaze). ase rom, adamiane-

bi, romlebsac midrekileba aqvT mavne Cvevebisadmi, naklebad fiqroben momavalze. Sesabamisad,

sasargeblo Cvevebi dadebiTad moqmedebs momaval sargeblianobaze. es imas niSnavs, rom

1 Этциони Амитаи. От империи к сообществу: новый подход к международным отношениям. Ладомир, 2004. 2 biblia. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo. Tb., 2009. (II kor. 9, 7). 3 Becker G.S. The Economic Approach to Human Behavior. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1976.

141

adamianebi TavianT dRevandel saqmianobaSi afaseben momavlis efeqts. aseT `sasargeblo Cvevas~

miakuTvnebs beikeri religiurobasac.

empiriuli monacemebiT irkveva, rom mavne Cvevebs ayolili adamianebi ufro danaSaulisaken

arian midrekili (es SeiZleba ganvavrcoT ekonomikis sferozec: konkurentebis arakeTilsindisi-

eri gziT bazridan gandevna, aRricxva-angariSgebis gayalbeba, gadasaxadebze Tavis arideba da

a.S.), xolo religiuri adamianebi _ kanonmorCilebisaken.

religiuri cxovrebis wesi ekonomikuri warmatebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi safuZvelia. es

bevradaa dakavSirebuli saiqio cxovrebis rwmenasTan, rac aiZulebs adamianebs ufro zomierad

da mkacrad aRasrulon TavianTi saaqao arCevani. eTikuri orientaciis TvalsazrisiT

ekonomikur saqmianobaSi ekonomikuri subieqtebis religiuroba xels uwyobs biznesis gamWvirva-

lobas, patiosan partniorobas da a.S.

g. s. beikeri religiaze msjelobisas ganxilavs altruistul da egoistur qcevebTan

dakavSirebul sakiTxebs ojaxuri ekonomikis Teoriis konteqstiT, Tumca, SeiZleba igi

ganvavrcoT yvela ekonomikur agentze. misi azriT, altruistebi maqsimalurs xdian sakuTar

sargeblianobas sxva adamianebis sargeblianobis maqsimizaciiT. urwmuno mSoblebsac SeiZleba

dahyavdeT Svilebi eklesiaSi, Tuki isini darwmunebuli arian, rom es maTze keTilismyofel ze-

gavlenas moaxdens. statistikis mixedviT bevri mSobeli wyvets eklesiaSi siaruls mas Semdeg,

roca Svilebi iwyeben damoukidebel cxovrebas.

egoisti mSoblebi fiqroben, rom moxucebulobisas maT dasWirdebaT Svilebis daxmareba.

isini Svilebs zrdian altruistebad an maTSi ayalibeben saTnoebas. aq g. s. beikeri akeTebs sa-

xelmwifo politikisaTvis mniSvnelovan daskvnas: Tuki saxelmwifo TavisTavze aiRebs moxucebis

uzrunvelyofis xarjebis did nawils, egoisti mSoblebi Svilebisadmi ufro naklebkeTilmo-

surneebi gaxdebian, radgan maT aRar eqnebaT stimuli sibereSi dasayrdenis saxiT.

ojaxis wevrTa siyvaruli da altruizmi safrTxeebisagan dacvis saukeTeso garantiaa mTe-

li sicocxlis manZilze. am dros ojaxis wevrebi uZliereben saTnoebas imaT, romlebic sxvebis

daxmarebaze uars amboben. roca altruizmi arasakmarisia, rac xSirad gvxvdeba, mis Semcvlelad

gamodis is, rasac Cven socialur normebs vuwodebT. es aiZulebs yvelas, daexmaron ojaxis im

wevrebs, romlebic amas saWiroeben. socialur normebs, saTnoebasa da sxva meqanizmebs SeuZliaT

mniSvnelovnad Seamsubuqon dacvisa da investiciebis nakleboba. maT SeuZliaT egoist mSoblebs

aiZulon investireba, xolo egoist Svilebs _ mzrunveloba.

es ojaxuri principebi religiur sazogadoebebSi regulirdeba religiuri kanonebiT. anu

garkveuli religiis CarCoebSi Camoyalibebuli moraluri movaleoba ekonomikuri agentis moti-

vaciisa da qcevis mniSvnelovan faqtors warmoadgens.

dReisaTvis eWvs ar iwvevs is faqti, rom ekonomikis safuZvelia kapitali. amitom kapita-

lis tipi gansazRvravs ekonomikis tipsac. amasTan, mTeli ekonomikuri ganviTarebis istoria

gviCvenebs, rom yoveli istoriuli epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia kapitalis Tavisi, gansakuTre-

buli tipi, romelic garkveulwilad damokidebulia romelime kulturul-religiur tradicia-

ze. magaliTad, vaWrobis ganviTarebisaTvis finansuri operaciebis aucileblobis gamo iudeuri

eTika nebas iZleoda, aeRoT sesxze procenti sxva religiis mimdevrebisagan, ramac ganapiroba

iudeuri saprocento kapitalis warmoSoba.

industriulma epoqam moiTxova axali tipis kapitali. protestantulma eTikam misca am

tips garkveuli religiuri dasabuTeba. Sedegad warmoiqmna samrewvelo protestantuli kapita-

li. amasTan, axali tipis kapitalma gadaWriT ki ar ukuagdo Zveli, aramed SeZlo Taviseburad

gardaeqmna is da sabanko institutis daxmarebiT CaerTo industriul ekonomikaSi.

dReisaTvis Cven mowme varT axali, postindustriuli kapitalis dabadebisa, romelic

aseve unda gansxvavdebodes industriulisagan formiTac da SinaarsiTac.

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bunebrivia, ibadeba kiTxva, ra unda daedos safuZvlad aseT kapitals? iqneba es raime re-

ligiur-kulturuli tradicia, Tu es iqneba raime ideologia, marqsizmis msgavsi Tavisi komu-

nizmis mSenelobis eTikiT?

amJamad dasavleTSi ganviTarebadi eTikuri ekonomikis momxreebi ixrebian iqeTken, rom eko-

nomika unda daubrundes qristianul eTikas, ufro sworad, protestantizms.

magram arsebobs sxva mosazrebebic. magaliTad, islamis mimdevrebi amtkiceben, rom swored

am religiis eTikuri principebi unda daedos safuZvlad kapitalis gamoyenebis axal wesebs.

kerZod, yurani krZalavs sesxze procents. am akrZalvaze Sesabamisi Teoriac kia Seqmnili.

magaliTad, muslimani swavlulebi imowmeben ra im faqts, rom qristes dabadebis dRes

bankSi erTi penis wliuri 4 procentiT dabandebis SemTxvevaSi 1750 wels SesaZlebeli iyo

dedamiwis wonis oqros burTis yidva, akeTeben daskvnas, rom xangrZliv perspeqtivaSi procen-

tis gadaxda, rogorc maTematikurad, ise praqtikulad SeuZlebelia, rac amtkicebs sasesxo

procentis biwierebas.

magram islami krZalavs kapitalis usicocxlobasac. simdidris mflobelma simdidre unda

gamoiyenos gulmodgined saerTo keTildReobis asamaRleblad. amitom islamuri bankebi orien-

tirebulia ara finansuri operaciebis reformirebaze dasavluri gagebiT, aramed saqmian monawi-

leobaze.

garda amisa, islamur qveynebSi biznesis gadasaxadebi minimaluria. magaliTad, ZiriTadi ga-

dasaxadi _ ~zaqaTi~ _ Seadgens araumetes 5 procents. Tanamedrove pirobebSi ki saxelmwifoebs

Soris ZiriTadi konkurencia swored gadasaxadebis sferoSia. amitom globaluri ekonomikis pi-

robebSi upiratesobiT sargebloben is qveynebi, romlebic islamuri warmoebis wess misdeven.

ase rom, rogori religiur-eTikuri sayrdeni daedeba safuZvlad postindustriul kapita-

lizms _ es sakiTxi dReisaTvis sakamaToa.

rac Seexeba meurneobriobis marTlmadideblur eTikas, maze socialuri moTxovna, zogierT

qveyanaSi ki politikuri SekveTac arsebobs. magaliTad, rusi xalxis merve msoflio krebam amis

Taobaze 2004 wels specialuri dokumentic ki miiRo - ~zneobrivi wesebisa da normebis krebu-

li meurneobriobaSi~, magram es praqtikaSi Znelad xorcieldeba. zogierTi moazrovne amas imiT

xsnis, rom marTlmadidebloba ar aris orientirebuli msoflios ekonomikur aTvisebaze. radgan

Zvel droSi, roca arsebobda saxelmwifosa da eklesias Soris simfoniis principi, am simfoni-

ur erTianobaSi eklesia pasuxismgebeli iyo mewarmis eTikuri normebis SemuSavebaze, xolo xe-

lisufleba Tvalyurs adevnebda am eTikuri normebis realizacias.

zogierTi marTlmadidebeli avtoris azriT Tanamderove etapze eklesiam ara mxolod un-

da aRzardos marTlmadidebeli mewarmeebi, aramed igi saxelmwifosTan erTad unda monawileob-

des Sesabamisi ~ndobis qselis~ SeqmnaSi (istoriulad aseTi ~ndobis qseli~ arsebobda vaWris

patiosani sityvis instrumentis saxiT). saxelmwifomac Tavis mxriv ufro konkretulad unda

izrunos qveynis biznesazogadoebis eTikur normebze da realuri daxmareba aRmouCinos kleTil-

sindisier mewarmeebs.

saqarTveloSi batonymobis gadavardnisa da kapitalizmis Casaxvis sawyisi etapidanve qar-

Tvelma mamuliSvilebma didi yuradReba dauTmes qarTuli ekonomikis ganviTarebis momavals. ro-

gorc cnobilia, wm. ilia marTalma (WavWavaZe) sicocxlis bolo oci wlis ganmavlobaSi mTeli

Tavisi energia qarTul ekonomikaze fiqrsa da zrunvas Sealia.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis msaxurnic did yuradRebas uTmobdnen ekonomikur

problemebs. am mxriv aRsaniSnavia wm. gabriel episkoposis (qiqoZe) pirovneba, romelic wm. ilia

marTlis sityvebiT ~sarwmunoebas amecnierebda da mecnierebas asarwmunoebda~1. mas mniSvnelovani

1 CixlaZe n. ekonomika da marTlmadidebluri swavleba. Tb., 2009. gv. 112.

143

Sexedulebebi aqvs Camoyalibebuli Sromis, momWirneobis, qvelmoqmedebis, saxelmwifos ekonomi-

kuri rolis Sesaxeb.

rogorc cnobilia, wminda gabrieli Tavadac kargi meurne iyo. igi bevrs fiqrobda imdro-

indeli saqarTvelos mZime ekonomikur mdgomareobaze da gulistkiviliT aRniSnavda: `Cven cu-dad vcxovrobT imisaTvis, rom cudad vloculobT; garna meore mxriT, cudad vloculobT mis-Tvis, rom cudi cxovreba gvaqvs~.1

qarTveli eris sulieri mama, uwmindesi da unetaresi ilia meore, Tavis epistoleebsa da

qadagebebSi mniSvnelovan yuradRebas uTmobs ekonomikas. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

ekonomikuri profilis fakultetis studentebTan Sexvedrisas (2003 wlis 27 maiss) patriar-

qma xazgasmiT aRniSna: ~sazogadoebis ganviTarebis procesSi aucileblad unda vifiqroT ekono-mikaze~.2

amasTan, uwmindesi gvmoZRvravs, rom umTavresi mainc sulia: ~eklesia da rwmena, rogorc amas weren da zogjer xmamaRla acxadeben, sruliadac ar krZalavs zrunvas ekonomikursa da ma-terialur sakiTxebze, magram igi gvaswavlis, rom mTavari sulia... sanam adamiani sxeuliT cocxlobs, misTvis orive sazrdo saWiro da aucilebelia _ xorcielic da sulieric, oRond upirveles yovlisa sulieri~3.

da es imitom, rom: ~adamianebi... ufro xSirad mxolod miwieri sibrZniT cxovroben da amitomac ver aRweven WeSmarit bednierebas. isini eZeben bednierebas moCvenebiTs, fuWs, warma-vals, romelsac mudam Tan sdevs ubedureba~4.

Murman Tsetskhladze Jujuna Shainidze

Some Aspects of Interdependence of Religion, Ethics and Economy

Resume

The model of “rational egoist”, predominated until today, does not fully reflect current processes in eco-

nomics. New, postindustrial era is coming, which demands comprehending fundamental theses of economics in a new manner. Interdisciplinary method of approach towards economics becomes necessary, in the implementation of which ethic and religious initials play important role or the epoch of ethical economics is coming. On the ne-cessity of it talk not only economists, but also sociologists, undertakers, psychologists and representatives of other fields, directly or indirectly connected with economics.

In the conditions of ethical economics motivation of human behavior should be based on in-depth truth, which is expressed in divine intention of human’s destination and essence. For this to happen, it is necessary for economic theory to break narrow branch frames even more boldly and involve in its research process other human related fields even more actively. Fundamental theses of ethical economics should be based on religious roots, eternal initials of human’s destination. In our opinion, such theses reflect truth even more and economics based on them also will be more stable and successful.

On which religion’s ethical principles must be based a new rule of capital usage, it is proceeding to be the subject of discussion, but one is clear: evolutional model of development does not imply total denial of the old. It is, in fact, new stage of developing the old.

Roots of fundamental principles of Georgian economic development model should be searched in Geor-gian traditions, orthodox confession and rule of life. Also we should successfully use achievements of representa-tives of other peoples and confessions, if they do not contradict fundamental orthodox principles. As St. Augustine teaches us – “We should not detest good, even if it is said by pagans”.

1 qadagebani imereTis episkoposisa gabrielisa. t.II. quTaisi. 1989. 2 `saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia meore socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis aqtualuri sakiTxebis

Sesaxeb~. Semdgenel-gamomcemeli g. SixaSvili. Tb., 2004, gv. 265. 3 `saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia meore socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis aqtualuri sakiTxebis

Sesaxeb~ Semdgenel-gamomcemeli g. SixaSvili. Tb., 2004, gv. 56. 4 saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis saaxalwlo epistole. 1987.

144

zaqaria wiTlauri

mecxoveleobis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi saqarTvelos sapatriarqos

stefanwmindisa da xevis eparqiaSi

dReisaTvis, qveynis winsvlisaTvis, uaRresad mniSvnelovania soflis meurneobis aRorZine-

ba-ganviTarebis gzebis dasaxva da praqtikuli realizacia.

saqarTveloSi sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebis Sesaxeb fundamen-

turi mosazrebebi gadmocemulia patriarqis 2008/2009 wlis saSobao epistoleSi, romelSic

naTqvamia Semdegi: ~sistemuri krizisis Tavidan acilebis mizniT dasavleTma kursi ekonomikis

sferoSi saxelmwifo seqtoris SedarebiT gaZlierebaze aiRo, rac Tavisufali bazridan ufro

regulirebad bazarze gadasvlas gulisxmobs da, bunebrivia, calkeuli saxelmwifo efeqturi

marTvis sakuTari meqanizmis Ziebas daiwyebs. Cvenc unda gamovnaxoT Seqmnili mdgomareobidan ga-

mosasvleli gzebi. rogorc am dargis specialistebi amboben, aucilebelia, saSualo da mcire

sawarmoTa doneze, marTvis swor sistemaze dayrdnobiT, mrewvelobis, soflis meurneobisa da

gadamamuSavebeli dargis swrafi ganviTareba~.1

2002 wlis 17 oqtombers saqarTvelos eklesiis wminda sinodis gadawyvetilebiT yazbe-

gis raioni gamocxadda calke saepiskoposod da ewoda mas stefanwmindisa da xevis eparqia. ima-

ve wlis 20 oqtombers yazbegis raionis mosaxleobisadmi mimarTvaSi saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqi ilia II aRniSnavda: ~stefanwmindisa da xevis episkoposma samRvdeloebasTan da mTel

mosaxleobasTan erTad yvelaferi unda gaakeTos, rom kvlavac saimedod iyos daculi Cveni

sazRvrebi da miwa-wyali, Cveni kultura, Cveni ena, eklesia, Cveni sulieri da materialuri fa-

seulobani. stefanwmindisa da xevis episkoposma unda izrunos ara marto imisaTvis, rom yovel

sofelSi aResrulos wirva-locva da amaRldes ganaTlebis done, aramed imisTvisac, rom amu-

Savdes warmoebebi, mosaxleobas hqondes samuSao adgilebi, xeli Seewyos maTi socialuri da

ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebas, gansakuTrebiT mravalSviliani ojaxebisa, rom mosax-

leoba mtkiced damkvidrdes xevSi. gamovTqvam imeds, rom xevis xelmZRvaneloba da adgilobrivi

mkvidrni mxarSi amoudgebian stefanwmindisa da xevis episkoposs, raTa es raioni iqces saqar-

Tvelos erT-erT yvelaze ganviTarebul da Zlier kuTxed~.2

aqedan moyolebuli, stefanwmindisa da xevis eparqiis yofili da axlandeli mmarTvelebis

mitropolit petres (caava) da mTavarepiskopos iegudielis (tabataZe) mier patriarqis locva-

kurTxevis gulmodgine Sesrulebis Sedegad regionSi didi yuradReba eqceva soflis meurneobis

ganviTarebas.

meurneobis ganviTarebaSi monawileobas Rebuloben eparqiaSi moqmedi sxvadasxva monastris

mamebi, dedebi, morCilebi, mrevli.

mecxoveleoba (msxvilfexarqosani pirutyvi da mecxvareoba) mTaSi umniSvnelovanesi tra-

diciuli dargia, romelsac aqvs mTis mosaxleobisaTvis socialur-ekonomikuri pirobebis Senar-

Cuneba-gaumjobesebis daniSnuleba.

xevSi ZiriTadad ganviTarebuli iyo mecxvareoba, romelsac moxeveTa 70%-saTvis mniSvne-

lovani Semosavali mohqonda. yvela ojaxs hyavda saSualod 2 suli msxvilfexarqosani pirut-

1 saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is 2008/2009 wlis saSobao epistole. gaz. `sapatriarqos uwyebani~.

2009, #1, gv. 5-6. 2 saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II. mimarTva yazbegis raionis mosaxleobisadmi. gazeTi `sapatriarqos

uwyebani~. 2002, #44, gv. 2-3.

145

yvi da 30-50 suli cxvari. XX saukunis 70-iani wlebis bolos mTaSi SeaRwia mesaTbureobam,

romelmac Seasusta mecxvareobis da mesaqonleobis poziciebi.1

amasTan, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Sedegad mecxvareobam dakarga ganviTarebis ZiriTadi

wyaro _ ruseTis teritoriis, daRestnis (yizlaris) zamTris saZovrebi, sadac yazbegis raions

hqonda 103,0 aT. ha. yizlarSi gamosazamTreblad yovelwliurad gadadioda yazbegis raionis

200-250 aTasi suli cxvari. sul saqarTvelodan yizlarSi izamTrebda 600-700 aTasi suli

cxvari.

1992 wlis oqtomberSi saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier zamTris saZovari yazbegis raions mi-

eca mxolod 19,0 aTasi ha, anu manamde mis mflobelobaSi arsebuli saZovris 19%. amave wels

gamosazamTreblad kaxeTisa da iaRlujis zamTris sazovrebze xevidan wamovida 125,0 aTasamde

suli cxvari. yizlaris sazovrebze Tu 1 ha-ze zamTrobda 2-2,5 suli cxvari, qveyanaSi gamoyo-

fil saZovrebze 1 ha-ze unda gamoezamTrebina 6-7 sul cxvars.

mecxvareobisadmi qveynis maSindeli xelmZRvanelobis gulgrilma damokidebulebam gamoiw-

via am mniSvnelovani dargis ganadgureba da yazbegis raionSi mecxvareoba TiTqmis moispo.

bolo periodSi bunebriv airze SeRavaTebis gauqmebis kvalobaze xevSi moispo saTburebi.

moxeveebma daiwyes dabruneba cxvrisa da msxvilfexa pirutyvis moSenebis tradiciis aRdgena.

xelisufleba Sepirda xevis mosaxleobas mecxoveleobis ganviTarebisaTvis damatebiTi zamTris

saZovrebis gadacemas kaxeTis da iaRlujis masivebze, rac, samwuxarod, ar ganxorcielebula.

zamTris saZovrebis Semcirebis umTavresi mizezi aris is korufciuli da ganukiTxaobis

foni, romelic arsebobda qveyanaSi. adgilobriv regionebSi zamTris saZovrebis ukanonod mTxov-

nelTa aseve ukanono dakmayofileba xdeboda yazbegis raionisaTvis gadacemuli saZovrebis xar-

jze. saZovrebs arTmevden yazbegis raions misTvis mecxvareobisaTvis gamoyofili farTobebidan

da gadascemdnen sxvadasxva Tanamdebobis pirebs.

2009 wlis monacemebiT stefanwmidis (yazbegis) municipalitets hqonda mTavrobis mier ga-

moyofili zamTris saZovrebi 3,0 aTasamde ha, romelzec izamTrebda 10,0 aTasamde suli cxvari.

dReisaTvis erT-erTi umTavresi mizani qveynis xelisuflebisaTvis unda iyos mecxoveleo-

bis tradiciuli dargis, mecxvareobis aRdgena-ganviTarebis xelSewyoba, rac, Tavis mxriv, regi-

onis kompleqsur socialur-ekonomikur gaZlierebas daudebs safuZvels.

saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefalur marTlmadidebel

eklesias Soris dadebuli konstituciuri SeTanxmebis safuZvelze, isini TanamSromloben qvey-

nis mosaxleobis sakeTildReod da axorcieleben mosaxleobis socialuri dacvis erTobliv

programebs.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, mizanSewonili iqneba, rom xelisuflebis mier xevis regioni-

saTvis adre gamoyofili, agreTve uaxloes momavalSi saWiro, damatebiT gamoZebnili zamTris

saZovrebi (sul 20 aTasi ha) gadaeces saqarTvelos sapatriarqos (stefanwmindisa da xevis

eparqiisaTvis), riTac, adgilobriv mosaxleobasTan TanamSromlobis safuZvelze, xeli Seewyoba

soflis meurneobis da, kerZod, mecxvareobis, ganviTarebas.

saqarTveloSi zamTris saZovrebi sakmarisadaa, saWiroa mxolod maTi dadgena-gamovlena,

risTvisac aucilebelia saTanado inventarizaciis Catareba, rac gasuli saukunis 60-iani wle-

bis Semdeg qveyanaSi ar momxdara.

mTlianobaSi, saWirod da SesaZleblad migvaCnia saqarTvelos sapatriarqos stefanwmindisa

da xevis eparqiisaTvis gadaeces zamTris saZovari 20,0 aTasi ha, sadac normalurad gamoizam-

Trebs 60-70 aTasi suli cxvari, rac saSualebas miscems moxeveTa TiToeul ojaxs iyolios

1 am statiaSi Cven mier gamoyenebulia stefanwmindis municipalitetisa da saqarTvelos saptriarqos stefan-

wmindisa da xevis eparqiis Sesabamisi masalebi.

146

30-50 suli cxvari.1 es ki xels Seuwyobs mecxoveleobis ganviTarebis kvalobaze Seqmnil da

momijnave dargebis sawarmoebSi mosaxleobis dasaqmebas da xevis socialur-ekonomikur gaZlie-

rebas.

mTaSi mecxoveleobis ganviTarebas da amiT mosaxleobis dasaqmeba-SenarCunebas mizanmimar-

Tulad unda Seuwyos xeli qveynis xelisuflebam, adgilobrivma TviTmmarTvelobam da saqarTve-

los eklesiam.

xevSi mecxoveleobis ganviTarebis erTobliv programas safuZvlad unda daedos:

• xevis regionis kuTvnili zamTris saZovrebis da damatebiTi farTobebis gadacema saqarTve-

los sapatriarqosaTvis;

• saxelmwifos daxmarebis safuZvelze pirutyvis gamosakvebad sakvebi da materialur-teqni-

kuri bazis Seqmna-ganmtkiceba, rogorc adgilobrivad, xevSi, ise zamTris saZovrebze;

• mecxoveleobaSi mTavrobis subsidiebisa da miznobrivi, uprocento an SeRavaTiani sabanko

sesxebis gamoyofa xevis mosaxleobisa da mewarmeebisaTvis;

• mosaxleobis dasaqmeba mecxoveleobis ganviTarebis kvalobaze Seqmnil da momijnave darge-

bis sawarmoebSi;

• erToblivi muSaoba xevis socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis kompleqsuri programis Se-

muSaveba-ganxorcielebisaTvis.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos stefanwmindisa da xevis eparqiisaTvis gadacemuli zamTris sa-

ZovrebiT, urTierTSeTanxmebis safuZvelze, isargeblebs adgilobrivi mosaxleoba, riTac xeli

Seewyoba mecxvareobis ganviTarebas, mcire fermeruli meurneobebis Camoyalibebas, Sesabamisi da

momijnave dargebis sawarmoebis Seqmnas, mosaxleobis dasaqmeba-SenarCunebasa da, mTlianobaSi,

xevis socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobis Zireul gaumjobesebas. bibliaSi farTod aris asaxuli mecxoveleoba.2 israelSi cxvari wminda cxovelad iTvle-

boda da misi xorci iWmeboda _ “es cxovelebia, romelTa Wama SegiZlia: xari, cxvari da Txa~

(rjl. 14,4).

cxvars didi sargebloba moaqvs da igi odiTgan emsaxureba adamians. amasTan, cxvari pat-

riarqebis simdidre iyo _ ~abelmac miarTva Tavisi faris naTavari da rCeuli pirutyvi. mohxe-

da ufalma abels da mis ZRvens~ (dab. 4,4); ~lotsac, romelic abramTan erTad mgzavrobda,

hyavda cxvar-Zroxa da hqonda karvebi. ver itevda maT is qveyana erTad sacxovreblad, radgan

didZali qoneba hqondaT da ar SeeZloT erTad cxovreba. pdidad akurTxa ufalma Cemi patroni

da gandidda igi, misca mas cxvar-Zroxa, oqro-vercxli, ymebi da mxevlebi, aqlemebi da saxedre-

bi; phyavda cxvris fara, naxiri da hqonda uamravi saxnav-saTesi, da SeSurdaT misi filistime-

lebs~ (dab. 13,5-6; 24,35; 26,14).

Sinauri pirutyvi bevri iyo kedarSi da nabeoTSi _ ~arabebi da kedaris yvela mTavari

SenTan vaWrobdnen; sanacvlod batknebs, cxvrebsa da Txebs gigzavnidnen~ (ezek. 27,21); misi xorci da rZe sakvebad gamoiyeneboda _ ~magram, aha, lxini da sixarulia, xarebis Jleta da

cxvrebis xocva, xorcis Wama da Rvinis sma. vWamoT da vsvaTo, xval mainc davixocebiTo~ (es.

22,13); `ar daayovna abigailma, aiRo orasi puri, ori tiki Rvino, xuTi gamzadebuli cxvari,

xuTi sea qumeli, asi mtevani CamiCi, orasi tylapi da ahkida virebs~ (1 mef. 25,18). misi tyavi-sagan damzadda karvis saxuravi _ ~gaukeTa gadasafarebels gadasaxuravi daTrimluli tyavebis-

1 unda aRiniSnos, rom 2007 wlis dekemberSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqom TxovniT mimarTa xelisuflebas,

stefanwmindisa da xevis eparqiisaTvis 20 aTasi ha zamTris saZovrebis gadacemis Sesaxeb, rac, dapirebis miuxe-

davad, ar dakmayofilebula. 2 soflis meurneobis bibliuri safuZvlebis Sesaxeb gaSlilad ixileT wignSi: mRvdeli basili (axvlediani), g.

SixaSvili, n. bakaSvili. marTlmadidebluri Teologiuri ekonomikisa da marTvis safuZvlebi. Tbilisi, 2009, gv.

108-152.

147

gan da zemodan gadasaxuravi TaxaSis tyavebisgan~ (gam. 36,19). matylisagan amzadebdnen qsovils – `qons WamT, matyliT imosebiT, nasuqals xocavT, cxvars ki ar mwyemsavT!~ (ezek. 34,3).

cxvars patronis ojaxis wevrebi da msaxurebi mwyemsavdnen. mcvelebad ki ZaRlebi hyavdaT. maT bakebSi kvebavdnen, aseve aZovebdnen noyier saZovrebze mTebSi da mindvrebSi. fara xSir Sem-TxvevaSi mTel saZovars avsebda. SuadReze cxvars asvenebdnen. _ ~uTxra: xom mSvidobiTaa? miu-ges: mSvidobiTaa. ager, raxelic, misi asuli, cxvars mohyveba. uTxra: jer xom ar gasula dRe,

adrea saqonlis Tavmoyra; daarwyuleT cxvari, waasxiT da aZoveT. uTxres: ver wavalT, vidre

mTlianad ar Seiyreba fara da am lods ar gadmoagoreben Wis piridan. mxolod maSin davarwyu-

lebT cxvars~ (dab. 29,6-8). pirvelnaSobs ar kreWdnen. pirvelnaSobTa meaTedi nawili levi-telTaTvis unda miecaT, xolo pirveli naparsi – mRvdelTaTvis.

soflis meurneobas, da kerZod, mecxoveleobas did yuradRebas aqcevs axali aRTqmis

moZRvreba da marTlmadidebeli eklesia.

cnobilia, rom wmida spiridon trimifunteli mwyemsi iyo. igi mTel Tavis saxsrebs SeWir-vebul axloblebsa da mwirebs axmarda, risTvisac ufalma saswaulTqmedebis niWi mimadla.1

mRvdelmTavari siyvaruliT zrunavda Tavis samwysoze. misi locvebiT gvalvas ganmacxove-

lebeli wvima cvlida, gadauRebeli wvimebis Semdeg ki ca iwmindeboda, sneulebi ikurnebodnen,

eSmakebi ganidevnebodnen. netars Cvevad hqonda, rom aRebuli mosavlis nawili glaxakebisTvis daerigebina, nawili

ki - sesxad gaeca. mRvdelmTavari piradad arafers iZleoda, mxolod mianiSnebda xolme beRli-

saken, sadac yvelas SeeZlo aeRo, ramdenic surda, Semdeg ki, amgvaradve, zedamxedvelobis gare-

Se, daebrunebina.

erTxel qurdebs wmida spiridonis cxvrebis moparva ganuzraxavT da bnel RameSi farexSi

gadaparulan, magram uCinar Zalas isini iqve SeuboWavs. diliT meufe farasTan misula, avazakebi

gauTavisuflebia da daurwmunebia daegdoT usjulo cxovreba da sazrdeli patiosani SromiT

moepovebinaT. bolos ki orivesTvis TiTo cxvari uCuqnia.

meufis aseTi qmedeba naTlad migvaniSnebs, rom igi TviT uflis mier aris dadgenili ze-ciuri da miwieri sawyisebis sinergiuli ganviTarebisaTvis, eris sulieri da materialuri siZ-lieris aRorZineba-ganmtkicebisaTvis: ~cnobai saRmrToi gaqunda Sen, raJams mwyemsi usityurTa cxovarTa nebiTa mwyemsTmTavrisa mis qristesiTa gamorCeul iqmen mwysad pirmetyvelTa maT

cxovarTa da marTalni yovelni, gulisxmismyofelni Senni, viTarca mwyemsisa saxierisani, dauZi-

nebelad moRuawisa cxovarTaTvis mindobilTa mas zeda, gigaloben Sen~.2

aqedan gamomdinare, Cveni cxovrebis sulier-xorcieli sijansaRisaTvis, materialuri si-duxWiris daZlevisaTvis, mTel saqarTvelosa da m.S. xevSi soflis meurneobisa da mecxvareobis aRorZinebisaTvis TxovniT mivmarToT wmida spiridon trimifuntels: `hoi yovladnetaro mRu-

delTmTavaro spiridon, saTno qristeso da udidebuleso saswaulTmoqmedo; angelosTa Tana

wardgomil xar winaSe saydrisa RmrTisa, gardamoixile mowyaliTa TualiTa ersa Sensa zeda,

mvedrebelisa yovladZlierisa Sewevnisa SenisaგTa; evedre keTilnawleobasa mowyalisa RmrTisa-

sa, raგTa ara dagvsajos Cuen usjuloebaTaebr CuenTa, aramed moguagos Cuen mowyalebisaebr

Tvisisa, iTxove CuenTvis qristesagan RmrTisa Cuenisa cxovrebaგ mSvidobiTi da uSfoTveli,

simrTeleგ sulTa da xorcTa CuenTa, keTilnayofierebaგ queyanisa da uxuebiTa da keTildReo-

biTa acxovnen yovelni, mogumadlen Cuen Zali, raგTa ara borotad gardavaqcioT yoveli keTi-

lad movlinebuli Cuenda RmrTisa mier, aramed vyoT igini didebad misa da siqadulad meoxebisa

Senisa~.3

1 wm. spiridon trimifuntelis cxovrebisa da mis mimarT locvebis Sesaxeb ix.:

http://www.orthodoxy.ge/tveni/dekemberi/12-spiridon.htm 2 daujdomeli sagalobeli wmidisa mRudelmTavrisa spiridonisa-trimifunteli sakvirvelTmoqmedisa. ikosi 2. 3 iqve, locva 2

148

Zakaria Tsitlauri Perspectives Cattle-Breeding Development in the Stepantsminda and Khevi Eparchy of the Patriarchate of

Georgia

Resume

As a result of accomplishing Patriarch’s blessings by the former and current rulers of Stepantsminda and Khevi eparchy Metropolitan Petre (Tsaava) and Archibishop Jegudiel (Tabatadze) development of agriculture has been given great attention.

Today, one of the primary goals of the country’s government should be the contribution to the renewal and development of sheep breeeding which is the traditional branch of cattle breeding. This will in turn underline the improvement of the complex social and economic conditions of the region.

It will be expedient if the winter pastures as already allocated for the Khevi region by the government as well as additional ones (20 000 hectares as a whole) are given to the Patriarchate of Georgia. This will contribute to the development of agriculture and sheep breeding in particular on the base of cooperation with the local people.

Winter pastures given to the Stepantsminda and Khevi eparchy of the Patriarchate of Georgia will be used by the local farmers according to the agreement that will contribute to the development of sheep breeding, formation of small farms, creation of enterprises of corresponding and adjacent fields, employment and preservation of population and sound improvement of overal social and economic conditions in Khevi.

149

izolda WilaZe

rwmenis gavlena aRricxvis obieqturobis xarisxze

ekonomikaSi dasaqmebuli yvela iuridiuli da fizikuri piri yoveldRiurad mraval ga-

dawyvetilebas iRebs, romelic maT xelT arsebuli materialuri, SromiTi da finansuri resur-

sebis ukeT gamoyenebis sakiTxebs Seexeba. kompaniebi TavianTi miznebis misaRwevad izolirebulad

verasodes varafers aRweven. maT sWirdebaT mravali tipis urTierToba daamyaron erTmaneTTan.

imisaTvis, rom kompaniis xelmZRvanelobam swori gadawyvetileba miiRos, Tu romel subieqtTan

daiwyos safinanso-ekonomikuri urTierTobebi, man saTanado informaciis analizi unda Caataros,

raTa Seafasos, ramdenad sarisko iqneba am urTierTobebis dawyeba.

sawarmoTa safinanso-ekonomikuri informaciiT gare momxmareblebis uzrunvelyofis miz-

niT, yvela iuridiuli piri valdebulia gamoaqveynos finansuri angariSgeba, romelic mocemuli

sawarmos finansuri mdgomareobisa da momgebianobis struqturulad Camoyalibebul suraTs war-

moadgens.

finansuri angariSgebis informaciis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia Sefasdes, ramdenad SeuZlia

sawarmos dafaros misi valdebulebebi, ramdenad aqtiuria misi biznesi, momgebianad iyenebs Tu

ara xelmZRvaneloba masze mindobil resursebs, droulad ixdis Tu ara igi savaldebulo gada-

saxadebs, ramdenad riskiania biznesi da rogor monawileobs sawarmo socialuri programebis

ganxorcielebaSi. am Sefasebebis siswore cxadia moiTxovs obieqtur informacias sawarmos eko-

nomikuri saqmianobis Sesaxeb.

amdenad, finansuri angariSgebis informaciis saimedoobis Sesaxeb metad maRali moTxovna

arsebobs da misi momzadeba metad sapasuxismgeblo saqmea. amitom, finansuri angariSgebisa da

buRaltruli aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartebis moTxovniT, finansur angariSgebaSi gadmo-

cemuli informacia unda iyos arsebiTi xasiaTis, obieqturi, sruli, samarTliani da advilad

aRqmadi.

finansuri angariSgeba, rogorc wesi, warmoadgens buRaltruli aRricxvis procedurebis

damamTavrebel etaps, misi muSaobis gvirgvins. amdenad, finansuri angariSgebis obieqturobis xa-

risxi, SeiZleba iTqvas, aRricxvis muSakebis xelSia. davas ar iwvevs is faqti, rom buRaltre-

bis, auditorebis da xelmZRvanelobis keTilsindisierebazea damokidebuli sawarmoTaAsaaRricx-

vo informaciis obieqturobis xarisxi da Sessabamisad, am informaciis safuZvleze miRebuli

gadawyvetilebebis siswore. es ukanaskneli ki jaWvuri reqciiT, mTeli ekonomikis masStabiT

vrceldeba.

garda gareT gamosaqveynebeli informaciisa, sawarmos menejments Siga marTvisaTvis sWir-

deba uamravi tipis Siga saaRricxvo informacia, raTa efeqtianad marTos biznesi. kerZod, bu-

Raltris xelSi imyofeba pirveladi monacemebi masalebis Sesyidvisa da xarjvis mimarTulebe-

bis, SromiTi xarjebis, mmarTvelobiTi xarjebis, fuladi da saangariSsworebo urTierTobebis,

ZiriTadi saSualebebis mdgomareobis, saqonlis Sesyidvebisa da sxvaTa Sesaxeb. sakmarisia man,

romelime ricxobrivi monacemi gaayalbos, rac mniSvnelovan gavlenas moaxdens sawarmos saqmia-

nobis saboloo Sedegebze da mis imijze. marTalia sawarmoebSi arsebobs Sida kontrolis sis-

temebi, magram, aRricxvis muSakis winaSe Zalian didia cduneba imisa, rom piradi gamorCenis

mizniT an xelmZRvanelobisa da mesakuTreebis zewolis Sedegad, faqtebi daamaxinjos. samwuxa-

rod, sawarmoSi informaciis gayalbebis yvelaze maRali riskebi buRaltruli aRricxvis mimar-

TulebaSi arsebobs.nebismieri kompaniis marTvis sitemaSi, pirveli rgoli, romelzec dgas in-

formaciis obieqturobis dacvis maRali zneobrivi pasuxismgeblobis simZimis centri, buRal-

truli aRricxva-angariSgebis departamentia.

150

swored aseTi maRali pasuxismgeblobebis arsebobis gamo, auditis saerTaSoriso standar-

tebSi ZiriTadi aqcenti eTikis normebis dacvazea gakeTebuli. agreTve, SemuSavebulia buRal-

tris eTikis kodeqsi. sawarmos efeqturi marTvis sistemaSi buRaltris profesionalizms misi

keTilsindisierebis gareSe TiTqmis nulovani mniSvneloba aqvs. ufro metic, arakeTilsindisie-

ri buRalteri miT ufro saSiSia, rac ufro maRali donis profesionalia igi. miuxedavad mra-

vali sakanonmdeblo sanqciebisa, adamianebi samwuxarod mainc arRvevn kanonebsa da eTikis nor-

mebs.

aRricxvis muSakebis saqmianobaSi mTeli ZaliT dgas adamianisa da sindisis mimarTebis sa-

kiTxi. rogoricaa es mimarTeba adamianSi, Sesabamisad iqceva igi. aRricxvis muSaks unda gaaCndes

didi Sinagani Zala, rom sZlios cdunebebs da winaaRmdegoba gauwios xelmZRvanelobisa da mesa-

kuTreebis zewolas, gaayalbos ~zogi ram~.

adamianis qcevis wesebsa da normebs misi morali anu zneoba ayalibebs. morali gansazR-

vravs pirovnebis damokidebulebas sxva adamianebTan: ojaxTan, saxelmwifosTan, sazogadoebasTan,

TanamSromlebTan. qcevebi samsaxurebrivi movaleobebis dros, aris adamianis moraluri cxovre-

bis Semadgeneli nawili, miT ufro, rom dasaqmebuli piri misi drois naxevarze mets samsaxur-

Si atarebs.

zneobis safuZvelia sikeTe adamianSi da borotebis gamoricxva. borotebis mizezi aris

adamianis egocentruli miswrafebebi. zneobriv qcevas adamians karnaxobs Sinagani xma – sindisi.

sindisis xma aris RmerTis xma adamianSi – acxadeben wmida mamebi. amitom, adamianis keTilsindi-

sierebis xarisxs RmerTTan siaxlove gansazRvravs. RmerTi aris adamianis yvelazneobrivi

swrafvis ideali. es uzenaesi Zala udevs safuZvlad adamianis mTel moralur cxovrebas. swo-

red RvTis rwmena aZlevs adamians Sinagan Zalas, sZlios yovelgvar cdunebas.

aRricxvis muSakma (da ara mxolod aRricxvis muSakma), romelic rwmenaSia, icis, rom

RmerTvisTis sul erTi araa, rogor iSromebs igi. wmida wignSi vkiTxulobT: ~yvelafers rasac

akeTebT, akeTeT rogorc RvTisaTvis da ara rogorc kacTaTvis~ (kol. 3.23).

magram, Tanamedrove msofliosa da maT Soris saqarTveloSi, jer kidev arian adamianebi,

romlebic ara mxolod RmerTis arsebobas ayeneben eWvqveS, ufro metic, Semdeg kiTxvebs svamen:

ratom unda vibrZode simarTlisaTvis? ratom unda vdardobde sxvaze? saidan unda vicode, ra

surs RmerTs? xolo zogierTi fiqrobs: diax, RmerTi arsebobs, magram es me ar mexeba. SemiZ-

lia RmerTis gareSec Tavisuflad vcxovrobde da a.S.

msgavsi kiTxvebi da sxvadasxva ukanono qcevebi adasturebs imis aucileblobas, rom Tana-

medrove teqnikis epoqaSi adamianebs sWirdebaT ufro meti codna RmerTis Sesaxeb. winamdebare

statiaSi Cveni mizania, mokled gadmovceT, Tu ra ZiriTadi mtkicebulebebi arsebobs RmerTis

Sesaxeb, romelic adamianebs mtkice rwmenis safuZvlebs uqmnis da zneobriv cxovrebas avalde-

bulebs.

RmerTisTvis, romelmac saocari siyvaruliT da sibrZniT Seqmna samyaro, metad mniSvnelo-

vania, rogor icxovrebs adamiani. es rom marTlac asea, dasturdeba im mravali SegonebebiT, ro-

melic uxvadaa Zvel da axal aRTqmaSi da wmida mamebis cxovrebaSi. amas agreTve naTlad adas-

turebs TviT RmerTis gankaceba qristes saxiT da yovelwliurad, aRdgomis wina SabaTs, RvTiu-

ri cecxlis naTeba qristes saflavze.

moviyvanT ramdenime Segonebas wmida wignidan: codniT iyolieT RmerTi (rom. 1.28); aTi

mcneba (gam. 20.1-17); yvela saqmeSi Seni aRsasruli gaixsene da arasodes Caiden codvas (zir.

7.36); azrTa sxvadasxvaobac unda iyos TqvenSi, raTa gamoCndes mosawoni Tqvens Soris (1 kor.

11.19) da a.S..

151

codniT iyolieT RmerTi – ai is mTavari gasaRebi, rac haeriviT sWirdeba Tanamedrove

kosmosuri epoqis adamianebs. Semoqmedi mTel xilul samyaroSi amJRavnebs Tavis Tavs. dReisaT-

vis ukve didi mecnieruli codnaa dagrovili RmerTis Sesaxeb. dRes mecnierebisaTvis ukve saeW-

vo aRaraa is faqti, rom samyaro sagnebis meqanikuri erToblioba ki ara, diadi naazrevia. niu-

toni werda: mxolod mcire codna gvaSorebs RvTisagn, did codnas ki kvlav RvTisaken mivya-

varT.

hegeli RmerTs absolutur gons uwodebs. gonis substancia aris Tavisufleba, magram bu-

nebaSi Tavisufleba ki ar batonobs, aramed aucilebloba – wers igi. misi azriT, RmerTis

upirvelsi, savsebiT martivi gansazRvreba aris `me~. gonis anu RmerTis garkveuloba aris misi

manifestacia (gamocxadeba) uamrav `me-d~. goni ar kargavs Tavis Tavs am sxvaSi. piriqiT, Tavis-

TavsA inaxavs da anamdvilebs am sxvaSi. goni sxvaSi acxadebs TavisTavs, Tavis sakuTar bunebas.

qristianoba TvalsaCino magaliTia amisa, aRniSnavs hegeli. RmerTma TavisTavi Zis, qristes saxe-

Si gamoacxada. RmerTma amiT TavisTavSi gansxvavebuloba warmoSva, Tavi gaisasrula.magram TviT

am gansxvavebulobaSi TavisTavTanve rCeba, ZeSi TavisTavs Wvrets da absolutur gonad rCeba.

amrigad, Ze mxolod gamocxadebis organo ki araa, aramed, am gamocxadebis Sinaarsia1. es Sinaar-

si ki umaRlesi sikeTe, wesrigi da siyvarulia.

piTagora wers (Zv.w. VI saukune): RmerTi aris samyaros suli. RmerTi erTia, magram samya-

ros gareT rodi imyofeba. igi samyaroSia. marTavs yovelives. igi aris goni, suli da moZraoba.

xolo spinoza wers: yvela idea imdenadaa WeSmariti, ramdenadac igi dakavSirebulia RmerTTan.

f. franki (XX saukunis amerikeli filosofosi) wers: yovelgvari mecnieruli progresi

es aris progresi imis SemecnebaSi, Tu rogor marTavs samyaros RmerTi.

j. jinsi (XX saukunis ingliseli fizikosi) wers: Cvens droSi SeiniSneba farTo Tanxmo-

ba fizikosebSi imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom Semecnebis nakadi miemarTeba arameqanikuri realobis

Secnobisaken. samyaro dRes ufro diad naazrevs Camohgavs, vidre uzarmazar manqanas. suli aRar

aris SemTxveviTi stumari materiis saufloSi. piriqiT, unda mivesalmoT mas, rogorc Semqnels

da ganmgebels materiis saufloisas.

frangi filosofosi s. usita wers: male moxdeba sazeimo Serigeba ori damdurebuli di-

sa: rwmenisa da mecnierebisa.

XX saukunis samocian wlebSi fizikosma piter higsma wamoayena hipoTeza, rom unda arse-

bobdes raRac idumali nawilaki, romelic warmoSobs materias da samyaroSi qmnis wesrigs. ram-

denime aTeuli wlebis kvlevebis Semdeg, 2012 wels, mecnierebma marTlac aRmoaCines es nawila-

ki, romelsac ~RvTiuri nawilaki~ Searqves. aRsaniSanvia is faqti, rom am aRmoCenaSi qarTvelma

mecnierebmac didi wvlili Seitanes.

~RvTiuri nawilaki~ wamis umcires droSi warmoiSoba da qreba. mas Tavad masa ar gaaCnia,

magram sxva ~raRac usxeulos~ - aZlevs masas e.i. qmnis materias. mecnierebi Tvlian, rom igi

aris samyaros mowyobis bolo komponenti. rom ara es ~RvTiuri nawilaki~, ar iarsebebda mTeli

xiluli samyaro da TviT adamiani. xolo, - dnm – ar aris miwieri warmonaqmni2. maSasadame,

~RvTiuri nawilaki~ aramaterialuria anu sulia, anu wminda azrovnebaa, anu hegelis sityviT,

~absoluturi gonia~. radgan igi masas qmnis, mas Zalac gaaCnia da marTlmadidebluri mrwamsiT,

SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom igi ~wmida samebaa~. SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom es mecnieruli aRmoCena ag-

reTve, RvTis rwmenis aucileblobas adasturebs.

amrigad, skeptikosebis dro TandaTan midis. RmerTma Tavisi arsebobis Sesaxeb mravali ni-

Sani misca adamianebs, rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT. dReidan ki, kacobriobis ~moqcevas~ uflis

1 hegeli, gonis filosofia, Targmani germanulidan, Tb., 1984, gv: 32-33.

2 google.ge: ,,RvTiuri nawilaki”.

152

mociqulebis saxarebasTan erTad, mecnieruli aRmoCenebic daexmareba, romelic momavalSi mra-

val saswaulebriv aRmoCenebs moaxdens. bibliaSi vkiTxulobT: `rac mets gamoiZieb, xSirad ga-

ocdebi~ (3 ezr. 4.26).

axali mecnieruli kvlevebi Tanamedrove adamianebs daexmareba gaZlierdes rwmenaSi da yo-

velgvari cdunebebis daZleva rTuli aRar iqneba misTvis. samyaro uusrulyofilesi wesrigia

da es adamainebs zneobriv cxovrebas da Sromas avaldebulebs. adamiani unda iyos Seurigebeli

borotebis yoveli gamovlinebis: sicruis, Zaladobis da uzneobis mimarT.

RvTis moSiSi adamiani mudam grZnobs uflis arsebobas da axla, am uaxlesi aRmoCenebis

Semdeg, CemSi kidev ufro cxadad gaismis im ~RvTiuri nawilakis~ xma: `Tqven TavisuflebisaTvis

xarT mowodebulni, oRond es Tavisufleba ar gaxdes sababi xorcis saameblad (gal. 5.16); gax-

sovdeT, Tqveni sxeulebi taZaria TqvenSi suliwmidisa da rom Tqvens Tavs ar ekuTvniT~ (1 kor.

6.19). es Segonebani, erTi SexedviT uwyinari, magram, Zalian mkacri gafrTxilebebia. yoveli

adamiani RmerTis nawilia da, roca adamiani iviwyebs misi momavlineblis nebas da emoneba ara

suliwmidas, aramed sakuTar egoistur miswrafebebsa da xorciel vnebebs, igi amiT amsxvrevs

RvTiur wesrigs TavisTavSi, TviT imzadebs sasjels da samudamod kvdeba RmerTisTvis.

amrigad, momavlis adamiani, SeiaraRebuli uaxlesi codniT RmerTis Sesaxeb, garduvalad

morwmune unda iyos, oRond, fanatizmis gareSe. adamiani mTeli Tavisi cxovrebiT da SromiT

unda aRiarebdes RvTiur zneobas, raTa Tavidan aicilos maradiuli sasjeli. ~rwmena saqmis

gareSe mkvdaria~ - gvaswavlis uzenaesi (iak. 2.17). am Segonebis Tanaxmad, adamiani yovel mis

saqmianobaSi uflis mosawonad unda iqceodes.

miuxedavad imisa, rom adamians xSirad aviwydeba sxvebze zrunavdes, gangebis mier cxov-

reba isea mowyobili, rom roca adamiani Tavisi miznebis misaRwevad Sromobs, imavdroulad

sxvisTvisac Sromobs, surs Tu ara es mas. magaliTad, puris mcxobeli purs acxobs imitom,

rom misi gayidviT Semosavali miiRos da amiT, misdauneburad akmayofilebs sxvebis moTxovnas

purze. erTi piris Sromis Sedegi, meore piris moxmarebis sagani xdeba. am xilulkavSirs uxi-

lavi RvTiuri kavSiris Zalac Tan dahyveba. amitom gvafrTxilebs samyaros Semoqmedi: ~rasac

akeTebT, akeTeT rogorc RmerTisTvis da ara rogorc kacTaTvis~ (kol. 3.23).

gvjera, rom uaxlesi mecnieruli aRmoCenebi sul ufro daexmareba kacobriobas metad

mtkice gaxdes rwmenaSi. adamiani SeZlebs ufro srulad da realurad gaiazros RmerTis arsi,

miuaxlovdes mas. roca Tanamedrove adamianebi, romeli religiuri mimarTulebis mimdevarnic ar

unda iyvnen isini, samyaros Semqnelisa da misi principebis Sesaxeb mecnieruli codniT aRiWur-

vebian, maSin isini verasodes icrueben da ar daarRvevn eTikur normebs.

RmerTis Sesaxeb codniT aRWurvili morwmune muSaki, romelmac icis rom masSi imyofeba

idumali ~RvTiuri nawilaki~, romelic mudam `Tvals adevnebs~ misi cxovrebis wess, mudam Tan

dahyveba da imaxsovrebs mis yvela nabijs da rom, RvTiuri samsjavro gardauvalia, igi didi pa-

suxismgeblobiT moekideba masze mindobil yvela saqmes. arasodes ar gaayalbebs aranair infor-

macias. arasodes xels ar moawers yalb finansur angariSgebas, ar miiTvisebs sxvis qonebas. ase-

Ti muSakis mier momzadebuli saaRricxvo informacia iqneba WeSmaritad obieqturi, sruli da

drouli. masze dayrdnobiT miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi ki realur sikeTes moutans calkeul

moqalaqes, sazogadoebas da mTel saxelmwifos.amdenad, uflis rwmena adamianSi, arsebiT gav-

lenas axdens saaRricxvo informaciis obieqturobis xarisxze.

amrigad, rac ufro srulqmnili xdeba adamianis goneba, miT ufro uaxlovdeba RmerTs.

xolo, RmerTisken mimavali adamiani imavdroulad aqtiurad muSaobs samyaros xsnisTvis da sam-

yaros mxsnelia. Cveni azriT, marTebuli iqneba, Tuki saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqss win waemZRva-

reba uflis Segoneba: rasac akeTebT, akeTeT rogorc RmerTisTvis da ara rogorc kacTaTvis.

153

Izolda Chiladze

Influence of Belief on the Level of Objectivity in Accounting

Resume

Effective management of a company is impossible without objective registration of economic operations. Also the companies must make their Financial Statements public and available outsider users. That is why the accounting information must be objective, perfect and timely. Achieving one`s aim depends on the morals of bookkeepers.

An employee, who is believer always keeps to ethical normal because he/she realizes the essence and strength of the god. He/she knows that the god governs the world and always keeps the commandments of the Lord, is honest and rightly accounts economic operations in the companies.

154

damatebiTi informacia konferenciis `qristianoba da ekonomika - 2013~

monawileTa Sesaxeb

1. dekanozi basili (axvlediani), bolnisis akaurTas sionis taZris winamZRvari, ekonomikis

doqtori [email protected]; [email protected]

2. arRuTaSvili valeri, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis asistent-profesori,

[email protected]

3. babunaSvili ekaterine, ead, quTaisis universitetis asocirebuli profesori

4. gagniZe ineza, ead, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis asocirebuli profesori,

[email protected]

5. gogoriSvili irina, ead, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis asocirebuli

profesori, [email protected]

6. grZeliSvili nodari, Tbilisis humanitaruli saswavlo universitetis asocirebuli

profesori, [email protected]

7. gulua ekaterine, ead, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis asistent-profesori,

[email protected]

8. kakulia nazira, ead, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis asocirebuli profesori,

[email protected]

9. koRuaSvili paata, emd, saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis namdvili wevri,

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis sruli profesori, [email protected]

10. lobJaniZe manana, ead, Tsu-is asistent-profesori, ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis

samecniero kvlevebisa da ganviTarebis samsaxuris ufrosi, [email protected]

11. miqelaSvili merabi, ead, saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis asocirebuli profesori,

[email protected]

12. mRebriSvili babulia (dodo), ead, Tsu-is asocirebuli profesori, ekonomikisa da biznesis

fakultetis saswavlo procesebis marTvis samsaxuris ufrosi, [email protected]

13. naTelauri iza, ead, Tsu-is p. guguSvilis ekonomikis institutis saerTaSoriso eko-

nomikis ganyofilebis gamge [email protected]

14. papaCaSvili nino, aed, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis asocirebuli pro-

fesori, [email protected]; [email protected]

15. samxaraZe nugzari, Tbilisis sasuliero akademiisa da seminariis leqtori, Tbilisis qva-

SveTis taZris ekonomosi, [email protected]

16. svaniZe irakli, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da

proeqtebis centri „idea“-s wevri, III kursis studenti, [email protected]

17. sirbilaZe rusudani, ead, Tsu-is turizmis saerTaSoriso skola, [email protected]

18. tyemalaZe irma, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis doqtoranti,

[email protected]

155

19. faresaSvili nino, ead, Tsu-s ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis asistent-profesori,

[email protected]

20. SainiZe JuJuna, filologiis doqtori, baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo

universitetis ufrosi maswavlebeli

21. SixaSvili giorgi, ead, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis asocirebuli pro-

fesori, fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da proeqtebis centri „idea“-s direqtori,

[email protected]

22. Ciqobava malxazi, ead, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis asocirebuli profe-

sori, [email protected]

23. CixlaZe niko, emd, Teologiis doqtori, saqarTvelos ekonomikur mecnierebaTa akademiis

namdvili wevri, quTaisis universitetis sruli profesori, [email protected]

24. cecxlaZe murmani, ead, baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetis

asocirebuli profesori, [email protected]

25. wiTlauri zaqaria, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wm. andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis

qarTuli universitetis doqtoranti, [email protected]

26. WilaZe izolda, ead, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis asocirebuli profesori,

[email protected]

156

Sinaarsi

Contents (Resumes)

organizatorebisagan.....................................................................................................................................................................5 From Organizers .............................................................................................................................................................................7 yovladwmida RvTismSoblis xati ,,purTaTvis siuxvis momniWebeli~............................................................9 samTavisisa da goris mitropoliti andria (gvazava) misalmeba..............................................................................................................................................................................................11 dekanozi basili (axvlediani) personaluri informaciis xelSeuxebloba, rogorc biznesis ganviTarebis fundamenturi piroba .................................................................................................................................................................13 Archpriest Akhvlediani Basili Security of Personal Information as a Fundamental Precondition for Business Development .....................................................................................................................................................................................18 valeri arRuTaSvili religiuri turizmis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi Sida qarTlSi ..............................................................................................................................................................................19 Valeri Argutashvili Perspectives of Religious Tourism Development in Shida Kartli Region ............................................................22 ekaterine babunaSvili kacobriobis keTildReobis aqsioma kacobriobis xsnaSia ...................................................................................23 Ekaterine Babunashvili The Axiom of Human Well-being is in Deliverance of Humanity ...........................................................................30 ineza gagniZe ganaTlebisa da rwmenis urTierTkavSiris sinergiuli efeqtis Sesaxeb .....................................................31 Ineza Gagnidze Perspectives of Religious Tourism Development in Shida Kartli Region ............................................................34 irina gogoriSvili marTlmadidebeli eklesia da saqarTvelos saxelmwifos mSeneblobis idea ............................................................................................................................................................................35 Irina Gogorishvili Orthodox Church and the Idea of Construction of the Georgian State................................................................40 nodar grZeliSvili religiuri turizmi, rogorc msoflio da regionul ekonomikaSi saqarTvelos integraciis faqtori ....................................................................................................................................41 Nodar Grdzelishvili Religious Tourism - as factor for Georgia's integration into the World and Regional Economy ..........................................................................................................................................................................48 ekaterine gulua adamianis potencialis marTvis safuZvlebi bibliaSi .............................................................................................49 Ekaterine Gulua Biblical Basics of Human Potential Management ..........................................................................................................53

157

nazira kakulia gadasaxadebisadmi damokidebuleba qristianul religiaSi ................................................................................54 Nazira Kakulia Relation to taxes in Christian religion...................................................................................................................................57 paata koRuaSvili, niko CixlaZe agroproduqcia, rogorc ZRveni, sazrdeli da gadasaxadi wminda werilSi ..........................................58 Paata Koguashvili, Niko Chikhladze Agricultural Products as Gifts, Food and Taxes in Holly Letter ............................................................................63 manana lobJaniZe religia da axalgazrdoba: komunikaciis axali formebis ZiebaSi...................................................................64 Manana Lobzhanidze Religion and Youth: Searching for New Forms of Communication.......................................................................67 merab miqelaSvili sameurneo saqmianobis principebi Zveli aRTqmis mixedviT...................................................................................69 Merab Mikelashvili The Principles of Economic Activity according to Old Testament ........................................................................75 babulia (dodo) mRebriSvili vazi, saqarTvelos ekonomika da qristianuli kultura ......................................................................................76 Babulia (Dodo) Mgebrishvili Vine, Georgian Economy and Christian Culture ............................................................................................................79 iza naTelauri vazis jvari da qarTuli yurZnis naturaluri Rvinis warmoeba: tradiciebi, problemebi, perspeqtivebi.............................................................................................................................80 Iza Natelauri The Vine Cross and Natural Wine Production of Georgian Grapes: Traditions, Problems and Prospects ......................................................................................................................................85 nino papaCaSvili Sromisadmi qristianTa damokidebulebis aspeqtebi ..................................................................................................86 Nino Papachashvili Some Aspects of Dependence of Christians towards the Labour.............................................................................89 nugzar samxaraZe eklesia-monastrebis sameurneo saqmianobis marTvis finansuri aspeqtebi ..............................................................................................................................................................................................90 Nugzar Samkharadze Financal Aspects of the Management of Economic Activities of Churches and Monasteries ....................................................................................................................................................94 rusudan sirbilaZe Tavisufleba marTlmadideblobasa da ekonomikaSi ....................................................................................................95 Rusudan Sirbiladze Freedom in Orthodox Religion and in Economy ............................................................................................................97 irma tyemalaZe qristianuli eTikis zegavlena dasaqmebaze....................................................................................................................98 Irma Tkemaladze Christian Eethics Impact on Employment ................................................................................................................101

158

nino faresaSvili eTikurad jansaRi organizaciuli garemo pirobebis uzrunvelyofa..........................................................102 Nino Paresashvili Ensuring Ethically Sound Organizational Environment ..........................................................................................106

giorgi SixaSvili Teologiuri ekonomikis arsi, mizani da amocanebi................................................................................................107 Giorgi Shikhashvili The Essence, Goal and Objectives of Theological Economics ...............................................................................112 giorgi SixaSvili, irakli svaniZe sameurneo-mmarTvelobiTi Tematika axal aRTqmaSi.................................................................................................113 Giorgi Shikhashvili, Irakli Svanidze Perspectives of Religious Tourism Development in Shida Kartli Region .........................................................118 malxaz Ciqobava globaluri finansur-ekonomikuri krizisis fundamenturi mizezebi da misi daZlevis alternatiuli gzebi........................................................................................................................119 Malkhaz Chikobava The Fundamental Causes of Global Financial-Economic Crises and the Way to Overcome it .................................................................................................................................................................130

niko CixlaZe wyalobis da madlis `gazomvis~ ekonomikuri da marTlmadidebluri aspeqtebi ...........................................................................................................................................................................................131 Niko Chikhladze Economic and Orthodox Aspects of “Measuring” the Grace and Mercy .........................................................137 murman cecxlaZe, JuJuna SainiZe religiis, eTikisa da ekonomikis urTierTdamokidebulebis zogierTi aspeqti ...............................................................................................................................................................................................138 Murman Tsetskhladze, Jujuna Shainidze Some Aspects of Interdependence of Religion, Ethics and Economy ................................................................143 zaqaria wiTlauri mecxoveleobis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi saqarTvelos sapatriarqos stefanwmindisa da xevis eparqiaSi ......................................................................................................................................................................144 Zakaria Tsitlauri Perspectives Cattle-Breeding Development in the Stepantsminda and Khevi Eparchy of the Patriarchate of Georgia ...........................................................................................................................148 izolda WilaZe rwmenis gavlena aRricxvis obieqturobis xarisxze .............................................................................................149 Izolda Chiladze Influence of Belief on the Level of Objectivity in Accounting ...............................................................................153

damatebiTi informacia konferenciis `qristianoba da ekonomika - 2013~

monawileTa Sesaxeb ....................................................................................................................................................................154

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