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Google and IPv6A content provider's perspective

Steinar H. GundersonSenior Software Engineer

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IPv4 is running out

• We've said it for years, but now it's actually happening APNIC: April 2011

RIPE: July 2012? September 2011?

• “Just reclaim unused address space” Not so easy, sorry

• “But NAT will save us!” We're in this situation despite NAT everywhere

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Carrier Grade NAT / Large Scale NAT (CGN/LSN)

• From this…

10.0.0.2 10.0.0.3 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.3

192.0.2.2 192.0.2.3

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Carrier Grade NAT / Large Scale NAT (CGN/LSN)

10.0.0.2 10.0.0.3 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.3

10.1.0.2 10.1.0.3

• …to this

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Large Scale NAT (cont.)

• Bad for ISPs Expensive

Complex

• Bad for consumers Multi-hop NAT no working UPnP⇒

Will BitTorrent work? Skype?

• Bad for content providers Breaks assumption “one IP = one residential unit”

…geolocation will get harder

…abuse will get harder (blacklist one IP, block 100 users?)

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Large Scale NAT (cont.)

However, at this point LSN is pretty much inevitable

But IPv6 will help us restrict the pain to the long tail

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Google and IPv6A brief history

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July 2007: First beginnings

• IPv6 at Google started as a 20% project No mandate from above

• You don't need to do everything at once

• …but you need to do it properly! Please don't break your users

Please don't spread the impression that “IPv6 is unreliable” (it isn't)

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March 2008: ipv6.google.com

• ipv6.google.com: IPv6-enabled load balancer Everything else was IPv4

Yet, effect from day one

• 6PE mesh

• Work your way in from the outside And then iterate

Fold IPv6 into your normal upgrade cycles

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January 2009: Google over IPv6

• We can't turn on www.google.com AAAA to everybody Would break ~0.03% of users (May 2011 numbers; more in 2009)

Side note: Norway is somewhat better (thanks, Tore)

• But we can turn it on for some users Maintain whitelist of networks with good IPv6 connectivity to us

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August 2009: IPv6 on Android

• Support IPv6 on 802.11 interface since Android 2.1 (Eclair) Now part of Android conformance tests

• Relatively wide application support Browser, sync, Maps…

• Not quite ready for IPv4 crash yet, but getting there

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February 2010: YouTube over IPv6

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…and more

• March 2010: Fully dual-stacked backbone Remember: Started around January 2008

• June 2010: Crawling IPv6-only web sites

• Unknown future point: All services over IPv6

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World IPv6 day

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World IPv6 day: Basic idea

• Google over IPv6 has drawn lots of enthusiasm ~100 participating organizations

~75% of the native IPv6 Internet

• …but limited scaling potential

• World IPv6 day is June 8th, 2011 (0000–2359 UTC) ISOC-sponsored event

Turn on IPv6 for everybody, for one day only

• So far: 220+ participating organizations! Google, Facebook, Yahoo!, Akamai, Limelight…

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Want to join?

• Content providers: Excellent opportunity to test your systems Dual-stack your web site for the day, register on the w6d site

Experience: Tends to build lots of enthusiasm

But please don't deploy non-production quality IPv6 just for one day

• ISPs: Point your users to test-ipv6.com

• Of course, feel free to keep it on afterwards if there were no problems VG, APDM, Heise: Anticlimax

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Summary

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Questions?sesse@google.com