good practices of sustainable nutrient management
TRANSCRIPT
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Good Practices of
Sustainable Nutrient
Management
This presentation shows different methods that are important and related
to sustainable soil fertility management
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Description of different methods
Methods of sustainable nutrient management
• Monitor the nutrient status in your soils
• Sustainable land-management practices (SLM)
• Animal husbandry for soil nutrient management
• Compost technology / Vermicompost
• Take action against soil acidification
• Improve phosphorus supply
• From synthetic to biological nitrogen
• Green manure /cover crop
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• Before fertilizing a field, nutrient status and pH
should be known.
• Soil analysis is rarely done, but helps to place
fertilizers more economically.
There are two ways:
• Laboratory analysis – precise but costly and time
consuming.
• Field test kits – less precise but reasonable, low-
cost. Can be applied by farmers and can create
awareness on nutrient issues.
Monitor the nutrient status in your soils
Source: eurocosm.com
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• Strengthen the linkage between cropping and animal
husbandry.
• Use of compost and vermicompost.
• Applying green manures and intensive fallows.
• Includes agroforestry.
Sustainable land-mangement practices (SLM)
Source: backyardecosystem.com
Source: outofmyshed.files.wordpress.com
http://ladanguluyam.blogspot.com/
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Effect of farmyard manure and mineral fertilizers on maize yield (kg/ha + year)
N – P – K
Preceding long-term treatment with manure (t/ha of manure per year over 20 years)
0 2.5 7.5 12.5
0 – 0 – 0 33 584 2,543 3,145
124 – 28 – 56 1,016 2,316 3,775 3,821
268 – 56 - 112 2,056 3,311 4,108 4,247
Site: Samaru, Nigeria, ferric luvisol
Source: Abdullahi (1971) cited in Mokwunye (1980)
Photo S. Krall GIZ
Nutrient content and organic matter (%) in fresh manure
from various farm animals
Water %
Organic matter
Nitrogen N
Phosphate P2O5
Potassium K2O
Calcium CaO
Cattle 80 16 0.3 0.2 0.15 0.2
Pigs 78 17 0.5 0.4 0.07 0.07
Sheep/goats 64 31 0.7 0.4 0.25 0.4
Hens 57 29 1.5 1.3 0.8 4.0
Sources: Sauerlandt (1948), Jaiswal et al. (1971)
Animal husbandry for soil nutrient management
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• Compost technologies are booming.
• Of particular importance for smallholder
agriculture.
• Amounts are limited.
• Provides
organic
fertilizers of high
quality.
• Vermi-compost
of particular
interest.
Compost technology / Vermicompost
Source: Philliphine
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• Dispense with acidifying fertilizers (urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium
sulphate) also lime;
• Instead of acidifying fertilizers : organic fertilizer and non-acidifying mineral
fertilizers (e. g. calcium cynamide, calcium ammonium nitrate and calcium
nitrate).
• Apply systematic liming © C. Arndt
Take action against soil acidification
http://repository.unand.ac.id/3363/1/AFRIZAL.pdf
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From chemical to biological nitrogen
Biological nitrogen fixation of crops
Grain legumes kg N/ha+y
Mung bean (green gram) 63–342
Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea) 168
Soybean 64–206
Forage and green manuring plants
Centrosema pubescens 126–395
Desmodium intortum 406
Leucaena leucocephala 74–548
Azolla pinnata (water fern in paddy) 600–1,000
Source: Müller-Sämann & Kotschi 1994
• More sustainable N-supply is needed
• Biological N-supply has advantages – but is it
sufficient?
• Research needed for a transition to more
biological nitrogen. © Kotschi
© Kotschi
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A “green manure/cover crop” is a species of plant, usually a legume,
whether it is a tree, a bush, a vine, a crawling plant or an algae,
which is planted by farmers to maintain or improve their soil fertility or
control weeds, even when they have many other reasons for growing
these plants.
Definition of green manure /cover crop
Impact of legumes undersown in maize on preceding maize crop (kg/ha)
None Vigna
unguiculata
Phaseolus
aureus
Calopogonium
mucunoides
1,210 1,970 1,510 2,120
Site: humid western Nigeria, Source: Agboola and Fayemi (1972)
Ground covering legumes Impact on Maize Yield
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Nutrient gains through
agroforestry
Coffee in agroforestry in The
Philippines
Centrosema pubescens
Source. Dept of Agriculture Malaysia
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Thank you!
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