Neutrinosin icecap ?

1988: Ed Zeller (Kansas) Francis

John Learned

1988: Pomerantz workshop, NSF Science and Technology Center for the South Pole (Andrew Westphal, Tim Miller, Doug Lowder,Buford Price)

1989: attempt of Westphal and Lowder to measure ice transparency in existing boreholes

Jan. 89, ICRC, Adelaide: Decide to proposeAmanda (Buford Price, Doug Lowder, Steve Barwick,Bob Morse, Francis Halzen, Alan Watson)

Greenland, August 13-16th 1990

Bruce Koci Tim Miller

+ Bob Morse

NatureSept 91

Bruce Koci ( 2006)

The success of AMANDA stood on two pillars: the Amundsen Scott Station and Bruce Koci.

South Pole Summer 91/92

Serap

Bob

Sweden joins (Stockholm, Uppsala)

IgorLiubarsky

Pat Mock

1 km

2 km

93/94

CATASTROPHAL DELAY OF LIGHT !

40 m

Vostok Data

Venice 1994

1 km

2 km

93/9440 m

But the photomultipliers are ticking like

Swiss watches !

• „Amanda is nothing more than a big calorimeter“

• „This is what Amanda sees !

• „You are a son of a bitch!“

• Sounds interesting! DESY joins

• „Amanda is nothing more than a big calorimeter“

• „This is what Amanda sees !

• „You are a son of a bitch!“

• Sounds interesting! DESY joins

• „Amanda is nothing more than a big calorimeter“

• „… and this is what DUMAND sees !“

• „You are a son of a bitch!“

• Sounds interesting! DESY joins

• „Amanda is nothing more than a big calorimeter“

• „….and this is what DUMAND sees !“

• „You are a son of a bitch!“

• Sounds interesting DESY joins

• „Amanda is nothing more than a big calorimeter“

• „….and this is what DUMAND sees !“

• „You are a son of a bitch!“

• Sounds interesting DESY joins !

Albrecht Pat Mock

Albrechtfighting with the drill cable

Christian

Albrecht

Peter Wallenberg

Then Now

B4: first 2 neutrinos

Astroparticle Physics 2000

+ Mainz+ Wuppertal

+ Brussels+ Mons

The AMANDA collaborationend of the nineties

1 km

2 km

IceCube will work !

96/97 AMANDA - B10

120 m

The EVA event

NATURE 2001

NATURE 2001

No George Smoot!

Skyplot of thevery first 17Nu candidates in B10

B10 skyplot published in Nature 2001

Winterovers 1997

Robert Gary

1 km

2 km

120 m

3 long strings study deep and shallow ice for future IceCube

97/98

0.02 0.1 0.5

Scatteringcoefficient(1/m)vs. depth

1 km

2 km

120 m

3 long strings study deep and shallow ice for future IceCube

97/98

Steve

Paolo

Pat Mock

Dima

Azriel

1 km

2 km

AMANDA-II

99/00 200 m

Nearly horizontal

Point Sources: The Progress

factor

1000in 15 years !

Anotherfactor

1000 !

Nothing is guaranteed but history is on our side !

Challenges

The bubble problem

The ice challenge

Reconstructing tracks

Working together andagainst Working together and

not against each other

Working together and not against each other

Working together andagainst Working together and

not against each other

Working together andagainst Working together and

not against each other

Working together andagainst Working together and

not against each other

The gain drop problem

The stuck string

The downhole camera

Finding the best technology

copper cable digital

optical fibre analog

copper cable digital

optical fibre analog

Coax cable Twisted pair cable Optical cable Optical cable, digital control (dAOM) Twisted pair cable, digital (DOM) string 18

TWR

SWAMPs

SN counters

Majority triggeranalog DMADDl

Spokesman Europe Spokesman US Principal Investigator

Joining two collaborations

• October 2005: Amanda and IceCube collaborations join

• 2006/07: Amanda detector is integrated into IceCube

What was your

happiest event

with AMANDA ?

String 1 deployed !

(January 9, 1996)

What was your

most tantalizing

event with AMANDA?

1 ES 1959+650

Year2000 2001 2002 2003

May June July

Flux ofTeV photons

(arb. units)

0

1

2

3

WHIPPL

E

Arrival time of neutrinos from the direction of the AGN ES1959+650

Nature is traditionally more imaginativethan physicistsare !

Hmm …with oneexception

Me …

What was your

most erotic event

with AMANDA ?

What could have

been your most

erotic event with

AMANDA?

What will be your most sentimental

event with AMANDA ?

The day we switch it

off !