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God in Sikhism

Sikhism is a monotheistic religion and hence, believes that "God" is One, and prevails in everything,[1] as symbolized by the symbolIk Onkar (one all pervading spirit).[2] The fundamental belief of Sikhism is that God exists, indescribable yet knowable andperceivable to anyone who surrenders his egoism and Loves the Almighty.[3] The Sikh gurus have described God in numerous waysin their hymns included in the Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhism, but the oneness of the deity is consistentlyemphasized throughout.

God is described in the Mool Mantar (lit. the Prime Utterance)[4][5], the first passage in the Guru Granth Sahib:

"ੴ ਸਿਤ ਨਾਮ ੁਕਰਤਾ ਪੁਰਖ ੁਿਨਰਭਉ ਿਨਰਵੈਰ ੁਅਕਾਲ ਮੂਰਿਤ ਅਜੂਨੀ ਸੈਭ ੰਗੁਰ ਪ�ਸਾਿਦ ॥" "ikk ōankār sat(i)-nām(u) karatā purakh(u) nirabha'u niravair(u) akāla mūrat(i) ajūnī saibhan(g) gur(a) prasād(i)."

"There is but one all pervading spirit, and it is called the truth, It exists in all creation, and it has no fear, It does not hate and, it istimeless, universal and self-existent! You will come to know it through the grace of the Guru."

(SGGS. Pg 1) Sri Guru Granth Sahib

General ConceptionsMonotheismPriority MonismPantheism

Specific ConceptionsGreat ArchitectCreationWhen was Universe Created?

AttributesExistenceEternalnessTranscendence and ImmanenceOmnipotenceOmnibenevolenceGenderNames for God

BeliefsReincarnationRevelationGnosticismMysticism

PracticesFive VicesFive 'K'sThree Duties

See also

Bibliography

References

Contents

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotheistichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ik_Onkarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh_gurushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahibhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_scripturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mool_Mantarhttps://www.searchgurbani.com/guru-granth-sahib/ang-by-ang

Sikhism is strictly monotheistic and believes that there is only One God. Guru Nanak prefixed the numeral "IK" (one) to the syllableOngkar stress the idea of God's oneness; that the Creator, Preserver, and Destroyer is One.[6] Sikh thought begins with the OneAlmighty and then universalising him, coming down to the cosmic reality of all-pervading Ongkar.[7] While God is described aswithout gender, God is also described through numerous metaphors, such as:

ਏਕ ੁਿਪਤਾ ਏਕਸ ਕ ੇਹਮ ਬਾਿਰਕ ਤ ੂਮੇਰਾ ਗੁਰ ਹਾਈ ॥

"Ek(u) pita ekas ke ham barik"

"The One God is the Father of all;

We are His children."

— SGGS. Pg 611

Sikhism complies with the concept of Priority Monism, a view point that all existing things go back to a Source that is distinct fromthem. It is the belief that all what our senses comprehend is illusion; God is the sole reality. Forms being subject to Time, shall passaway. God's Reality alone is eternal and abiding.[8] The thought is such that Atmaa(soul) is born from and a reflection ofParamAtma( Supreme Soul)[9], and would again merge into it just as water merges back into the water.

ਿਜਉ ਜਲ ਮਿਹ ਜਲ ੁਆਇ ਖਟਾਨਾ ॥

Jio Jal Mehi Jal Aae Khattaanaa ||

As water comes to blend with water,

ਿਤਉ ਜੋਤੀ ਸੰਿਗ ਜੋਿਤ ਸਮਾਨਾ ॥

Thio Jothee Sang Joth Samaanaa ||

His light blends into the Light.

— SGGS. Pg 278

God and Soul are identical in the same way as Fire and its sparks; fundamentally same as is stated in Guru Granth, "Atam meh Ram,Ram meh Atam", which means "The Ultimate Eternal reality resides in the Soul and the Soul is contained in Him". As from onestream, millions of waves arise and yet the waves, made of water, again become water; in the same way all souls have sprung fromthe Universal Being and would blend again into it.[10]

Another philosophy of Sikhism is the concept of Pantheism which says that every being is identical to Divinity. It focuses on thesubject of a non-anthropomorphic concept of God, to the extent that one can interpret God as the Universe itself.[11] Sikh thoughtholds a pantheistic tone when it discusses the Immanence of God (Sagun), which says that the whole Universe is an abode of the All-

General Conceptions

Monotheism

Priority Monism

Pantheism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Nanakhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropomorphism#In_religion_and_mythology

pervasive Lord.[12] However, Sikhism does not hold the concept of Pantheism fully as it understands God to be both, transcendentand immanent at the same time.[13] Sikh philosophy fuses the concepts of Theism and Pantheism as to the belief that God exists inHis Creation to a Theistic level, that is the One upon whom everything depends; the ultimate Preserver.[14]

It can be deduced that Sikhism agrees with Pantheistic belief only to the extent that Universe can be considered as Divine, neverunderstating the Transcendence of God which deems the Creator as above His Creation.

Sikh philosophy believes that the One God is the Great Architect of Universe. He alone is the Creator, Sustain-er, and Destroyer; EkOngkar.[15] God is Karta Purakh, the Creator-Being[8]. He created the spatial-temporal Universe from His own Self; Universe is Hisown emanation. Guru Arjan advocates: “True is He and true is His creation [because] all has emanated from God Himself” (SGGS Pg294).

Before creation, God existed all alone as "Nirgun"; in a state of Sunn Samadhi, deep meditation, as says Guru Nanak.[16]

"There was darkness for countless years.

There was neither earth nor sky; there was only His Will.

There was neither day nor night, neither sun nor moon.

He (God) was in deep meditation.

There was nothing except Himself."

— SGGS. Pg 1035

Then, God willed and created the Universe, and diffused himself into the nature as "Sargun". Whenever God desires, He merges backinto His Timeless and Formless Self.[17]

Guru Gobind Singh calls this process of Creation and Dissolution as "Udkarkh" (from Sanskrit utkarsana) and "Akarakh" (fromSanskrit akarsana)[18], respectively:

"Whenever you, O Creator, cause udkarkh (increase, expansion), the creation assumes the boundless body; whenever you effectakarkh (attraction, contraction), all corporeal existence merges in you" (Benati Chaupai).

This process of creation and dissolution has been repeated God alone knows for how many times. A passage in Sukhmani by GuruArjan visualizes the infinite field of creation thus:

Millions are the mines of life; millions the spheres;

Millions are the regions above; millions the regions below;

Millions are the species taking birth. By diverse means does He spread Himself.

Again and again did He expand Himself thus, But He ever remains the One Ekankar.

Countless creatures of various kinds Come out of Him and are absorbed back.

None can know the limit of His Being;

He, the Lord, O Nanak! is all in all Himself.

Specific Conceptions

Great Architect

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karta_Purakh&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creation_deityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanationismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Arjanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhmani

— (SGGS. 275-76)

It is believed in Sikh that the Universe was created by a single word of the God.[15] The Transcendent God expresed Himself in"Naam" and "Sabad" that created the world. "Naam" and "Sabad" are the 'Creative and Dynamic Immanence of God'.[6]

ਕੀਤਾ ਪਸਾਉ ਏਕ ੋਕਵਾਉ ॥

Keethaa Pasaao Eaeko Kavaao ||

You created the vast expanse of the Universe with One Word!

ਿਤਸ ਤ ੇਹੋਏ ਲਖ ਦਰੀਆਉ ॥

This Thae Hoeae Lakh Dhareeaao ||

Hundreds of thousands of rivers began to flow.

— SGGS. Pg 3

Sikh philosophy enunciates the belief that the Limits of Time and Space are known only to God. Answers to the questions of "Whendid the Universe came into existence?" or "How big this Universe is?" are beyond Human understanding and the best course, as GuruNanak proclaims, is to admit a sense of Wonderfulness or "Vismad", since "the featureless Void was in ceaseless Existence".[19] As tothe Time of Creation, Guru Nanak, in Jap(u) Sahib, recites that:

What was that time, and what was that moment? What was that day, and what was that date?

What was that season, and what was that month, when the Universe was created?

The Pandits, the religious scholars, cannot find that time, even if it is written in the Puraanas.

That time is not known to the Qazis, who study the Koran.

The day and the date are not known to the Yogis, nor is the month or the season.

The Creator who created this creation-only He Himself knows.

— SGGS. Pg 4

As stated in Mool Mantar, God exists as Ajuni, beyond incarnations; formless. And saibhan (Sanskrit svayambhu), Self-existent. ThePrimal Creator Himself had no creator. He simply is, has ever been and shall ever be by Himself.

Purakh added to Karta in the Mool Mantar is the Punjabi form of Sanskrit purusa, which literally means, besides man, male orperson, "the primeval man as the soul and original source of the universe; the personal and animating principle; the supreme Being orSoul of the universe." Purakh in Mool Mantar is, therefore, none other than God the Creator.

Creation

When was Universe Created?

Attributes

Existence

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mool_Mantarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mool_Mantar

God, as stated in Guru Granth Sahib, is Akal Murat, the Eternal Being; He is beyond time and ever the same.[20] "Saibhan(g)",another attribute to God means that no one else but God created Himself. He is, shall be, was not born, and shall not die; nevercreated and hence, shall never be destroyed.[21] The phrase "Ad(i) Sach", True in the Primal Beginning, in the Mool mantar provesthe notion of the eternalness of God in Sikhism.

Sikhism advocates a Panentheistic tone when it enunciates the belief that God is both, transcendent and immanent, or "Nirgun" and"Sargun" (as stated in the Sikh terminology), at the same time. God created the Universe and permeates both within and without.Transcendence and Immanence are two aspects of the same single Supreme Reality. The Reality is immanent in His entire creation,but the creation as a whole fails to contain God fully.[22]

ਸਰਗੁਨ ਿਨਰਗੁਨ ਿਨਰੰਕਾਰ ਸੁੰਨ ਸਮਾਧੀ ਆਿਪ ॥

Saragun Niragun Nirankaar Sunn Samaadhhee Aap ||

He possesses all qualities; He transcends all qualities;

He is the Formless Lord. He Himself is in Primal Samaadhi.

— SGGS. Pg 290

The Almighty, Himself, is the one Ultimate, Transcendent Reality, Nirguna (Nir+Guna = without attributes), Ever-existent,Boundless, Formless, Immutable, All-by Himself, and Unknowable in His entirety.

When it pleases God, He becomes Sarguna (Sanskrit Saguna = with attributes) and manifests Himself in creation. He becomesimmanent in His created universe, which is His own emanation, an aspect of Himself.[23]

God remains distinct from his Creation, while being All-pervasive.[24]

"God himself is the Creator and the Cause, the Doer and the Deed."[25] Sikh thought is strictly monotheistic and believes that thisUniverse is creation of God. Its origins are in God, it operates under the Command of God (hukum), and its end is in God; God is theOmnipotent being, the sole cause of Creation, Preservation, and Destruction.[26] He consults none in creating and demolishing,giving and taking but does all things Himself. The Nirbhau (lit. Fearless) Almighty does not fear anyone and exercises Hisunquestionable will.

He is kind and merciful, the Omni-Benevolent Lord. The Bestow-er of all things; apart from Him, there is no other Giver. He is also agreat Pardoner; pardoning all our sins, He bestows Virtue on the repenting souls and adds Blessedness on the striving virtuous.[25]

The Almighty sustains His Creation compassionately and benevolently. In Guru Granth, God is called as "Karim" (merciful); thecomplacent Lord who, in his compassion, blesses the miserable with his Nadar (graceful vision).[27] The Nirvair (lit. without enmity)God does not hate anyone and glances his merciful vision on every being, indifferently.

"The Lord is kind and compassionate to all beings and creatures; His Protecting Hand is over all." (SGGS. Pg 300)

Eternalness

Transcendence and Immanence

Omnipotence

Omnibenevolence

Gender

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panentheismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendence_(religion)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirgunahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarguna&action=edit&redlink=1

According to Sikhism, God has "No" Gender. Mool Mantar describes God as being "Ajuni" (lit. not in any incarnations) whichimplies that God is not bound to any physical forms. This concludes: the All-pervading Lord is Gender-less.[28]

ਸੁੰਨ ਮੰਡਲ ਇਕ ੁਜੋਗੀ ਬੈਸ ੇ॥ ਨਾਿਰ ਨ ਪੁਰਖ ੁਕਹਹ ੁਕੋਊ ਕੈਸ ੇ॥ ਿ�ਭਵਣ ਜੋਿਤ ਰਹੇ ਿਲਵ ਲਾਈ ॥ ਸੁਿਰ ਨਰ ਨਾਥ ਸਚ ੇਸਰਣਾਈ ॥

Sunn mandal ik Yogi baise. Naar na purakh kahahu kou kaise. Tribhavan joti rahe liv laaee. Sur nar naath sachesaranaaee

The Yogi, the Primal Lord, sits in the Realm of Absolute Stillness (state free of mind's wanderings or Phurne). (SinceGod) is neither male nor female; how can anyone describe Him? The three worlds center their attention on His Light.The godly beings and the Yogic masters seek the Sanctuary of this True Lord.

— SGGS. Pg 685

However, The Guru Granth consistently refers to God as "He" and "Father", but this is because the Granth is written in north IndianIndo-Aryan languages (mixture of Punjabi and dialects of Hindi) which have no neutral gender. English translation of the teachingseliminate any gender specifications. From further insights into the Sikh philosophy, it can be deduced that God is, sometimes,referred to as the Husband to the Soul-brides. Also, God is considered to be our father, mother, and companion.[29]

Sikhism believes in Monotheism and hence, has no specific names for God. However, God has been called by many Attributivenames [action-related names, Kirtan Naam (SGGS. Pg 1083), or Karam Naam (Dasam Granth, Jaap Sahib)] in Sikh literature, pickedfrom Indian and Semitic traditions.[3]

He is called in terms of human relations as our Father, Mother, Brother, Companion, Friend, Lover, Beloved, and Husband.[29]

Other names, expressive of His supremacy are Thakur, Prabhu(lit. God), Swami, Shah(lit. King), Paatshah(lit. respected King), Sahib,Sain (Lord, Master). Another name used is, Allah, meaning "The God": The term is also used by Sikhs in the Sikh scriptures inreference to God. The word Allah (ਅਲਹ)ੁ is used 12 times in the Guru Granth Sahib by Sheikh Farid. Guru Nanak Dev, Guru ArjanDev and Bhagat Kabeer used the word 18 times

Allah, meaning "The God": The term is also used by Sikhs in the Sikh scriptures in reference to God. The word Allah (ਅਲਹੁ) is used12 times in the Guru Granth Sahib by Sheikh Farid. Guru Nanak Dev, Guru Arjan Dev and Bhagat Kabeer used the word 18timesGod has also been referred to, in Sikh literature, as names given to him in other religions such as Ram, Narayan, Govind, Gopal,Allah, Khuda, Karim, Rahim, Qadir etc..

Other attributive names include Nirankar(Formless), Niranjan(without sin), Data or Datar (lit. The Giver), Karta or Kartar (lit. TheDoer) , Dayal(Compassionate), Kripal(Benevolent) and many more.

Names peculiar to Sikhism, for God are Naam (lit. name), Shabad (word) and Vahiguru (Wondrous Master). While Naam andShabad are mystical terms standing for the Divine Manifestation, Vahiguru is a phrase expressing awe, wonder, and ecstatic joy ofthe worshiper as he comprehends the greatness and grandeur of the Lord and His Creation.[30]

The center belief of Sikh thought is the soul would reincarnate in this universe unless it attains the state of mukti (liberation), which isto be achieved through the grace of God[1]. In its corporeal attire, the soul passes through cycles of transmigration. Through DivineGrace, it can merge back into the Cosmic Soul (Paramatma) and escape the throes of birth and death again and again. [9]

Names for God

Beliefs

Reincarnation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant_Bhashahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dasam_Granthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaap_Sahibhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahiguru

The Mool Mantar ends with Gurparsad(i) (lit. by God's Grace), which expresses the belief of Sikh thought that God would berevealed to the Soul through Guru's grace. In Sikh theology Guru appears in three different but allied connotations, viz. God, the tenSikh Gurus, and the gur-shabad or Guru's utterances as preserved in the Guru Granth Sahib. Of God's grace, Gurus' instruction andguidance and the scriptural Shabad (Sanskrit sabda, literally 'Word'), the first is the most important, because, as nothing happenswithout God's will or pleasure, His grace is essential to making a person inclined towards a desire and search for union with Him.

"Blessing us with His Grace, the Kind and Compassionate All-powerful Lord comes to dwell within the mind and body. (SGGS. Pg49)"

Knowledge of the ultimate Reality is not a matter for reason; it comes by revelation of the ultimate reality through nadar (grace) andby anubhava (mystical experience). Says Guru Nanak, budhi pathi na paiai bahu chaturaiai bhai milai mani bhane which translatesto "He is not accessible through intellect, or through mere scholarship or cleverness at argument; He is met, when He pleases, throughdevotion" (SGGS, 436).

Gnosticism is the belief that the Divine Spark is trapped within the spirit and can be liberated by the Gnosis or Knowledge of thisDivinity. Sikh spirituality is centered to the theme of understanding and experiencing God, and eventually becoming one with Him.Human incarnation, as advocated by Guru Granth Sahib, is a special privilege and an opportunity for the realization of the Ultimatedestiny of Spirit: union with God.[31]

As Guru Arjan says, "Of all the eight million and four hundred thousand species, God conferred superiority on man"[32]. Anotherverse form the scripture praises the human body as a Temple:

ਕਾਯਉ ਦੇਵਾ ਕਾਇਅਉ ਦੇਵਲ ਕਾਇਅਉ ਜੰਗਮ ਜਾਤੀ ॥

Kaayo Dhaevaa Kaaeiao Dhaeval Kaaeiao Jangam Jaathee ||

Within the body, the Divine Lord is embodied. The body is the temple, the place of pilgrimage, and the pilgrim.

ਕਾਇਅਉ ਧੂਪ ਦੀਪ ਨਈਬੇਦਾ ਕਾਇਅਉ ਪੂਜਉ ਪਾਤੀ ॥੧॥

Kaaeiao Dhhoop Dheep Neebaedhaa Kaaeiao Poojo Paathee ||1||

Within the body are incense, lamps and offerings. Within the body are the flower offerings. ||1||

— SGGS. Pg 695

Sikhism thus sees life as an opportunity to understand God as well as to discover the divinity which lies in each individual. God isperceived to reside in the human body and can be found by being a Gurmukh (lit. Facing Guru) and merging self into The Hukum orDivine Command.[33] Though, as mentioned in Guru Granth, full understanding of God is beyond human beings, GuruNanak described God as not wholly unknowable and stressed that by becoming Gurmukh, one should find the Divinity residing in hisown self.

Mysticism is the experience of becoming one with The Almighty, which Guru Nanak states as Sach-Khand (Realm of Truth), wherethe soul is immersed completely in the Divine Will[34]. The primal belief of Sikhism is of the Spirit to get merged into theDivinity.[35] As Guru Granth proclaims human incarnation as a chance to meet God and enter into the Mystic Reality.

ਭਈ ਪਰਾਪਿਤ ਮਾਨਖੁ ਦੇਹੁਰੀਆ ॥

Revelation

Gnosticism

Mysticism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guruhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh_Gurushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabad_(hymn)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revelationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubhavahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Nanakhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysticism

भई परापित मानुख देहुर�आ ॥

Bẖa▫ī parāpaṯ mānukẖ ḏehurī▫ā.

This human body has been given to you.

ਗੋਿਬੰਦ ਿਮਲਣ ਕੀ ਇਹ ਤੇਰੀ ਬਰੀਆ ॥

गोिबंद िमलण क� इह तेर� बर�आ ॥

Gobinḏ milaṇ kī ih ṯerī barī▫ā.

This is your chance to meet the Lord of the Universe.

— SGGS. Pg 12

It is a devoted meditation (simran) that enables a sort of communication between the Infinite and finite human consciousness. Thereis, chiefly, the remembrance of God through the recitation of His name[36] and surrendering of the Self to God's presence oftenmetaphorized as surrendering self to the Lord's feet[37]. The ultimate destination of a Sikh is to lose his egoism completely in the loveof the Lord and finally merge into the Almighty creator.

Those, who follow the instincts of their mind, under the influence of five vices - lust, anger, greed, attachment and pride - and egowould wander miserably in the cycle of birth and rebirth.[3]

1. Kaam (Lust)2. Krodh (Anger)3. Ahenkar (Ego)4. Lobh (Greed)5. Moh (Attachment)

Guru Gobind Singh iniated the practice of "Amrit Chakna", the Baptizing ceremony of Sikhs as Khalsa, in April 1699.[38] Thisdistinctive identity is represented by Five "K(akars)" every Amritdhari (baptised) Sikh has to don:

1. Kesh (hair)2. Kangha (comb)3. Karha (steel bracelet)4. Kirpan (miniature sword)5. Kachera (shorts)

1. Naam japna (Chanting the Name)2. Kirat karna (Doing good deeds)3. Vand Chakna (Donating self earnings)

Conceptions of God

Practices

Five Vices

Five 'K's

Three Duties

See also

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meditationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simranhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consciousnesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptions_of_God

GodExistence of GodNames of GodJaap SahibWaheguru

Sabadarth Sri Guru Granthsar, 1959Jodh Singh, Bhai, Gurmati Nirnaya. Amritsar, 1932Pritam Singh, ed., Sikh Phalsaphe di Rup Rekhla. Amritsar, 1975Sher Singh, The Philosophy of Sikhism. Lahore, 1944Kapur Singh, Parasaraprasna. Amritsar, 1989

1. "BBC - Religions - Sikhism: Sikh Beliefs" (http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/beliefs/beliefs.shtml).Retrieved 2017-12-07.

2. "Sikhism Religion of the Sikh People" (https://www.sikhs.org/art1.htm). www.sikhs.org. Retrieved 2017-12-07.

3. "Different Names of GOD incorporated in Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji" (https://www.speakingtree.in/blog/different-names-of-god-incorporated-in-sri-guru-granth-sahib-ji). www.speakingtree.in. Retrieved 2017-12-11.

4. Indif.com. "The Sikh Mool Mantra - Ik Ongkar" (http://www.indif.com/nri/sikhism/mool_mantra.asp). www.indif.com.Retrieved 2017-12-07.

5. "BBC - GCSE Bitesize: The Mool Mantar" (http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/rs/god/sikhismrev2.shtml).Retrieved 2017-12-07.

6. "Sikhism and Monotheism" (http://fateh.sikhnet.com//sikhnet/discussion.nsf/3d8d6eacce83bad8872564280070c2b3/3a6e0d8facb2ed8c87256623002a5e2d). fateh.sikhnet.com. Retrieved 2017-12-10.

7. www.DiscoverSikhism.com. "Monotheism in Guru Granth Sahib". Guru Granth A Perspective (https://archive.org/details/GuruGranthAPerspective). p. 138.

8. User, Super. "The Idea Of The Supreme Being (God) In Sikhism - Sikhism Articles - Gateway to Sikhism" (https://www.allaboutsikhs.com/sikhism-articles/the-idea-of-the-supreme-being-god-in-sikhism). Gateway to Sikhism. Retrieved2017-12-13.

9. Gujral, Maninder S. "ATMA," (https://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/metaphysics/atma). The Sikh Encyclopedia -ਿਸੱਖਧਰਮ ਿਵਸ਼ਵਕੋਸ਼. Retrieved 2017-12-12.

10. Singh, Jagraj (2009). A Complete Guide to Sikhism (https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rFm9_Jc1ykcC&pg=PA266&lpg=PA266&dq=atma+merges+in+parmatma+sikhism&source=bl&ots=J6IZOPhwEm&sig=8tR_60YjFaze5uFWZ7YNeTBHOiw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj30oOY7ITYAhUMQo8KHXHCA8wQ6AEISDAF#v=onepage&q=atma%20merges%20in%20parmatma%20sikhism&f=false). Unistar Books. p. 266. ISBN 9788171427543.

11. Rogers, D. D. Peter C.; Ph.d, Peter C. Rogers. Ultimate Truth (https://books.google.co.in/books?id=e3kf6GtwaT0C&pg=PA129&lpg=PA129&dq=non-anthropomorphic+god+sikhism&source=bl&ots=mpHKJJqr4h&sig=F6AcVhMtIbWYRPwet68JUhPHN8w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjG3uONgY7YAhVDu48KHZwfCJMQ6AEITjAG#v=onepage&q=non-anthropomorphic%20god%20sikhism&f=false). AuthorHouse. p. 129. ISBN 9781438979687.

12. www.DiscoverSikhism.com. "Metaphysics of the Guru Granth". Guru Granth A Perspective (https://archive.org/details/GuruGranthAPerspective). p. 89.

13. www.DiscoverSikhism.com. "Monotheism in Guru Granth Sahib". Guru Granth A Perspective (https://archive.org/details/GuruGranthAPerspective). pp. 148–149.

14. www.DiscoverSikhism.com. "Metaphysics of Guru Granth". Guru Granth A Perspective (https://archive.org/details/GuruGranthAPerspective). p. 93.

15. "BBC - GCSE Bitesize: The origins of the universe" (http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/rs/environment/sikhbeliefsrev1.shtml). p. 1. Retrieved 2017-12-11.

Bibliography

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existence_of_Godhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_Godhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaap_Sahibhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waheguruhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/beliefs/beliefs.shtmlhttps://www.sikhs.org/art1.htmhttps://www.speakingtree.in/blog/different-names-of-god-incorporated-in-sri-guru-granth-sahib-jihttp://www.indif.com/nri/sikhism/mool_mantra.asphttp://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/rs/god/sikhismrev2.shtmlhttp://fateh.sikhnet.com//sikhnet/discussion.nsf/3d8d6eacce83bad8872564280070c2b3/3a6e0d8facb2ed8c87256623002a5e2dhttps://archive.org/details/GuruGranthAPerspectivehttps://www.allaboutsikhs.com/sikhism-articles/the-idea-of-the-supreme-being-god-in-sikhismhttps://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/metaphysics/atmahttps://books.google.co.in/books?id=rFm9_Jc1ykcC&pg=PA266&lpg=PA266&dq=atma+merges+in+parmatma+sikhism&source=bl&ots=J6IZOPhwEm&sig=8tR_60YjFaze5uFWZ7YNeTBHOiw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj30oOY7ITYAhUMQo8KHXHCA8wQ6AEISDAF#v=onepage&q=atma%20merges%20in%20parmatma%20sikhism&f=falsehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788171427543https://books.google.co.in/books?id=e3kf6GtwaT0C&pg=PA129&lpg=PA129&dq=non-anthropomorphic+god+sikhism&source=bl&ots=mpHKJJqr4h&sig=F6AcVhMtIbWYRPwet68JUhPHN8w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjG3uONgY7YAhVDu48KHZwfCJMQ6AEITjAG#v=onepage&q=non-anthropomorphic%20god%20sikhism&f=falsehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438979687https://archive.org/details/GuruGranthAPerspectivehttps://archive.org/details/GuruGranthAPerspectivehttps://archive.org/details/GuruGranthAPerspectivehttp://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/rs/environment/sikhbeliefsrev1.shtml

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=God_in_Sikhism&oldid=889722011"

16. Munde, Amarpreet Singh. "Introduction to Sikhism - Section II: God and His Universe" (http://www.gurmat.info/sms/smspublications/introductiontosikhism2/chapter2.html#How%20was%20the%20world%20created,%20according%20to%20Sikhism?). www.gurmat.info. Retrieved 2017-12-11.

17. "BBC - GCSE Bitesize: Evolutionary biology" (http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/rs/environment/sikhbeliefsrev3.shtml). Retrieved 2017-12-11.

18. www.DiscoverSikhism.com. "COSMOLOGY IN GURU GRANTH SAHIB". Guru Granth A Perspective (https://archive.org/details/GuruGranthAPerspective).

19. www.DiscoverSikhism.com. "Cosmology in Guru Granth Sahib". Guru Granth A Perspective (https://archive.org/details/GuruGranthAPerspective). p. 129.

20. www.DiscoverSikhism.com. "Monotheism In Guru Granth Sahib". Guru Granth A Perspective (https://archive.org/details/GuruGranthAPerspective). p. 140.

21. www.DiscoverSikhism.com. "Monotheism In Guru Granth Sahib". Guru Granth A Perspective (https://archive.org/details/GuruGranthAPerspective). p. 144.

22. "Sargun Nirgun Nirankar" (https://www.speakingtree.in/blog/sargun-nirgun-nirankar). www.speakingtree.in. Retrieved2017-12-11.

23. "Sargun Nirgun | Gurbani Blog | ਗੁਰਬਾਣੀ ਬਲੌਗ" (https://www.gurbani.org/gurblog/sargun-nirgun/). www.gurbani.org.Retrieved 2017-12-11.

24. "What is God? | WaheguruNet" (http://www.wahegurunet.com/what-is-god). www.wahegurunet.com. Retrieved2017-12-11.

25. www.DiscoverSikhism.com. Guru Granth A Perspective (https://archive.org/details/GuruGranthAPerspective). p. 145.

26. Singh, Jagraj (2009). A Complete Guide to Sikhism (https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rFm9_Jc1ykcC&pg=PA266&lpg=PA266&dq=atma+merges+in+parmatma+sikhism&source=bl&ots=J6IZOPhwEm&sig=8tR_60YjFaze5uFWZ7YNeTBHOiw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj30oOY7ITYAhUMQo8KHXHCA8wQ6AEISDAF#v=onepage&q&f=false).Unistar Books. p. 252. ISBN 9788171427543.

27. The Sikh and Sikhism (https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ED0syBKqafMC&pg=PA44&lpg=PA44&dq=benevolence+of+god+sikhism&source=bl&ots=TJsP7jVf4Z&sig=0W8gv0cazR5Rwcr8whucNW7V-kk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjKuMqq8IbYAhUHLo8KHR5BAwEQ6AEIVTAH#v=onepage&q=benevolence%20of%20god%20sikhism&f=false).Atlantic Publishers & Distri. p. 44.

28. "IS GOD MALE OR FEMALE?" (https://www.gurbani.org/articles/webart270.htm). www.gurbani.org. Retrieved2017-12-08.

29. "God's Gender" (http://www.sikhwomen.com/equality/GodsGender.htm). www.sikhwomen.com. Retrieved2017-12-08.

30. "Name Of God – Waheguru" (http://the-many-names-of-god.com/god-sikhism/name-of-god-waheguru/). The ManyNames Of God And Their Meanings. 2012-10-20. Retrieved 2017-12-11.

31. "Sikhs believe that the Supreme Creator is within each one" (http://mnnews.today/aurora-magazine/december-2017/25330-sikhs-believe-that-the-supreme-creator-is-within-each-one/). mnnews.today. 2017-12-06. Retrieved2017-12-11.

32. "Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji -: Ang : 1 -: ਸ਼�ੀ ਗੁਰ ੂਗ�ੰਥ ਸਾਿਹਬ ਜੀ :- SearchGurbani.com" (https://www.searchgurbani.com/guru-granth-sahib/ang-by-ang). www.searchgurbani.com. Retrieved 2017-12-11.

33. "Human Nature and the Purpose of Existence" (http://www.patheos.com/library/sikhism/beliefs/human-nature-and-the-purpose-of-existence). www.patheos.com. Retrieved 2017-12-11.

34. "Sikhism And Sachkhand" (https://www.sikhphilosophy.net/threads/sikhism-and-sachkhand.3745/). Sikh PhilosophyNetwork Forum. Retrieved 2017-12-12.

35. "Mysticism in Sikh Religion" (http://www.corespirit.com/mysticism-sikh-religion/). CORE SPIRIT. 2016-05-26.Retrieved 2017-12-11.

36. "Sri Granth: Sri Guru Granth Sahib" (http://www.srigranth.org/servlet/gurbani.gurbani?Action=Page&Param=1085&g=1&h=1&r=1&t=1&p=0&k=0&fb=0). www.srigranth.org. Retrieved 2017-12-11.

37. "Sri Granth: Sri Guru Granth Sahib" (http://www.srigranth.org/servlet/gurbani.gurbani?Action=Page&Param=1237&g=1&h=1&r=1&t=1&p=0&k=0&fb=0). www.srigranth.org. Retrieved 2017-12-11.

38. "The Five K's or Panj Kakkar" (http://www.indif.com/nri/sikhism/five_k.asp). www.indif.com. Retrieved 2017-12-14.

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=God_in_Sikhism&oldid=889722011http://www.gurmat.info/sms/smspublications/introductiontosikhism2/chapter2.html#How%20was%20the%20world%20created,%20according%20to%20Sikhism?http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/rs/environment/sikhbeliefsrev3.shtmlhttps://archive.org/details/GuruGranthAPerspectivehttps://archive.org/details/GuruGranthAPerspectivehttps://archive.org/details/GuruGranthAPerspectivehttps://archive.org/details/GuruGranthAPerspectivehttps://www.speakingtree.in/blog/sargun-nirgun-nirankarhttps://www.gurbani.org/gurblog/sargun-nirgun/http://www.wahegurunet.com/what-is-godhttps://archive.org/details/GuruGranthAPerspectivehttps://books.google.co.in/books?id=rFm9_Jc1ykcC&pg=PA266&lpg=PA266&dq=atma+merges+in+parmatma+sikhism&source=bl&ots=J6IZOPhwEm&sig=8tR_60YjFaze5uFWZ7YNeTBHOiw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj30oOY7ITYAhUMQo8KHXHCA8wQ6AEISDAF#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788171427543https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ED0syBKqafMC&pg=PA44&lpg=PA44&dq=benevolence+of+god+sikhism&source=bl&ots=TJsP7jVf4Z&sig=0W8gv0cazR5Rwcr8whucNW7V-kk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjKuMqq8IbYAhUHLo8KHR5BAwEQ6AEIVTAH#v=onepage&q=benevolence%20of%20god%20sikhism&f=falsehttps://www.gurbani.org/articles/webart270.htmhttp://www.sikhwomen.com/equality/GodsGender.htmhttp://the-many-names-of-god.com/god-sikhism/name-of-god-waheguru/http://mnnews.today/aurora-magazine/december-2017/25330-sikhs-believe-that-the-supreme-creator-is-within-each-one/https://www.searchgurbani.com/guru-granth-sahib/ang-by-anghttp://www.patheos.com/library/sikhism/beliefs/human-nature-and-the-purpose-of-existencehttps://www.sikhphilosophy.net/threads/sikhism-and-sachkhand.3745/http://www.corespirit.com/mysticism-sikh-religion/http://www.srigranth.org/servlet/gurbani.gurbani?Action=Page&Param=1085&g=1&h=1&r=1&t=1&p=0&k=0&fb=0http://www.srigranth.org/servlet/gurbani.gurbani?Action=Page&Param=1237&g=1&h=1&r=1&t=1&p=0&k=0&fb=0http://www.indif.com/nri/sikhism/five_k.asp

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WaheguruWaheguru (Punjabi: ਵਾਿਹਗੁਰ,ੂ translit. vāhigurū) refers to the almighty God, the supreme soul, the creator in Sikhism.

The word vāhegurū is traditionally explained as being composed of vāhe "wondrous", gu "darkness", and ru "light", together said tocarry the meaning - The wondrous Lord who dispells the darkness of ignorance and bestows the light of truth, knowledge andenlightenment.

The word Vaheguru or Waheguru is also used in Sikhism as a main mantra, called gurmantra or gur mantar.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Waheguru&oldid=889411313"



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HariHari or Har(i) (Sanskrit: ह�र, Punjabi: ਹਿਰ, IAST: Harī or Har) is a name for thesupreme absolute in the Vedas, Guru Granth Sahib and many other sacred texts of South Asia. In Rigveda’s Purusha Suktam (Praiseof the supreme cosmic being), Hari is the first and most important name of god (Brahman), alternative name of supreme being isNarayana after Hari and Purusha according to Narayana Suktam of yajurveda. In the Hindu tradition, it is often used interchangeablywith Vishnu to such an extent that they are considered to be one and the same. In Vedas, it is required to use the mantra "Harih om"before any recitation, just to declare that every ritual we perform is an offer to that supreme divine even if the hymn praises anydemigod. In Hinduism, kirtan or praise songs of any god has a common name known as Hari kirtan and katha or storytelling isknown as Hari katha.

No depiction of Hari (God) is permitted in Sikhism. Hari in Purusha Suktam, Narayana Suktam and Rudra Suktam is usually depictedas having a form with countless heads, limbs and arms (a way of saying that Supreme divine is pervaded everywhere and cannot belimited). Lord Hari is also called sharangapani as he also wields a bow named as sharanga.

The word "Hari" is widely used in Sanskrit and Prakrit literature, Hindu, Buddhist and Jain religions. The name "Hari" also appearsas the 656th name of Vishnu in the Vishnu sahasranama of the Mahabharata and is considered to be of great significance inVaishnavism.

EtymologyOther names of Hari

In Indian religion and mythology

See also

References

The Sanskrit word "ह�र" (Hari) is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root "*ǵʰel- to shine; to flourish; green; yellow" which alsogave rise to the Persian terms zar 'gold', Greek khloros 'green', Slavic zelen 'green' and zolto 'gold', as well as the English wordsyellow and gold.

The same root occurs in other Sanskrit words like haridrā, 'turmeric', named for its yellow color.

There are multiple names of Lord Hari mentioned in the holy scriptures of Hinduism such as the Bhagwad Gita and Mahabharata. Afew names which are used quite frequently,

VishnuNarayanaRamaKrishnaList of names of VishnuMadhavDamodar

Contents

Etymology

Other names of Hari

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi_scripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IASThttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahibhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purusha_Suktamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narayanahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharangapani_(disambiguation)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharangahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prakrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnu_sahasranamahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabharatahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaishnavismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrithttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF#Sanskrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeanhttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/%C7%B5%CA%B0elh%E2%82%83-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_languagehttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE#Sanskrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmerichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagavad_Gitahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabharatahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narayanahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krishnahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_names_of_Vishnuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhava_(Vishnu)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damodar_(name_of_Krishna)

GovindGopal

The Harivamsha ("lineage of Hari") is a text in both the Puranic andItihasa traditions.As the name of tawny-colored animals, hari may refer to lions (also aname of the zodiacal sign Leo), bay horses, or monkeys. The feminineHarī is the name of the mythological "mother of monkeys" in the Sanskritepics.Harihara is the name of a fused deity form of both Vishnu (Hari) andShiva (Hara) in Hinduism.Hari is the name of a class of gods under the fourth Manu (manutāmasa, "Dark Manu") in the Puranas.In Hinduism, beginning with Adi Sankara's commentary on the Vishnusahasranama, hari became etymologized as derived from the verbalroot hṛ "to grab, seize, steal", in the context of Vaishnavism interpretedas "to take away or remove evil or sin",[1] and the name of Vishnurendered as "he who destroys samsara", which is the entanglement inthe cycle of birth and death, along with ignorance, its cause;[2] comparehara as a name of Shiva, translated as "seizer" or "destroyer".In the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition, Hari is a name of both Krishna orVishnu, invoked in the Hare Krishna mantra (Hare is a vocative form ofHarih, used in mahamantra).The element hari is found in a number of Hindu given names, e.g.Bhartrhari, Harendra (i.e. hari-Indra), Harisha (i.e. hari-Isha),Hariprasad, Harikesh (Harikesha, "golden-haired", also a name of Shivaand of Savitar), etc.

VishnuNarayanaHari Nama KeerthanamHari Tuma HaroHarikathaHarijanKrishna

1. Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit Dictionary (1899):

2. Sri Vishnu Sahasranama, commentary by Sri Sankaracharya, translated by Swami Tapasyananda (RamakrishnaMath Publications, Chennai)

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hari&oldid=885539646"

This page was last edited on 28 February 2019, at 17:42 (UTC).


In Indian religion and mythology

A statue of Harihara among thegroup of monuments at the BadamiCave Temples

See also

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Govindhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harivamshahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puranichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itihasahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_(astrology)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit_epicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hariharahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manu_(Hinduism)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi_Sankarahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnu_sahasranamahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsarahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaudiya_Vaishnavahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krishnahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hare_Krishna_(mantra)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhartrharihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishvarahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savitrhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narayanahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari_Nama_Keerthanamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari_Tuma_Harohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harikathahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harijanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krishnahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hari&oldid=885539646https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_Licensehttps://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Usehttps://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policyhttps://www.wikimediafoundation.org/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Badami_Cave_Temples_13.jpg

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Nirankar

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Nirankar (Punjabi: ਿਨਰੰਕਾਰ ) is one of the many attributes associated to God in Sikh philosophy and means The Formless One. The word has its roots in Sanskrit: ਿਨਰਾਕਾਰਾ/िनराकारा nirākārā and is a compound of two words "Nir" meaning Withoutand Akar (or Akaar), Shape or Form; hence, The Formless. [1]

It is used as a name for The Almighty in Guru Granth Sahib.

ਸਚ ਖੰਿਡ ਵਸੈ ਿਨਰੰਕਾਰੁ ॥

सच खंिड वस ैिनरंका ॥

Sacẖ kẖand vasai nirankār.

In the realm of Truth abides the Formless Lord.

— SGGS. Pg 8

"The actual meaning of "Nirankar" is Waheguru, Allah, God, and Ishbar. It describes that God is formless and omnipresent. We all are made by Nirankar. Only the name of "Religions" are different. But the supreme power is same in actual. We

all are one and belongs to one Lord master(Nirankar)."

References [ edit ]1. ^ "God in Sikhism 3" . www.speakingtree.in. Retrieved 2017-12-08.

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Akal PurakhAkal Purakh is a Sikh name used for God.

Literally it means "a timeless being who never dies." The first word Akal, literally timeless, immortal, non-temporal, is a termintegral to Sikh tradition and philosophy. It is extensively used in the Sri Guru Granth Sahib and Dasam Granth hymns by GuruGobind Singh, who titled one of his poetic compositions Akal Ustat, i.e. "In Praise (ustati) of the Timeless One (akal)". However, theconcept of Akal is not peculiar to the Dasam Granth. It goes back to the very origins of the Sikh faith.

Together the two words mean the "Timeless, eternal being".

Kaal or Kālá (Sanskrit: काल [kɑːˈlə]; Tamil: கால� kaalam or kaala) is a word used in Sanskrit to mean "time". Akal is justopposite work of time in Indian languages.

See also Akal, Waheguru, Names of God

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akal_Purakh&oldid=860689700"

This page was last edited on 22 September 2018, at 11:27 (UTC).


References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Guru_Granth_Sahibhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dasam_Granthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akal_Ustathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waheguruhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_Godhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akal_Purakh&oldid=860689700https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_Licensehttps://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Usehttps://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policyhttps://www.wikimediafoundation.org/

Ik OnkarIk Onkar (Gurmukhi: ੴ, ਇੱਕ ਓਅੰਕਾਰ; Punjabi pronunciation: [ɪkː oəŋkaɾ]), also Ik Oankar[2], is the symbolthat represents the one supreme reality[3] and is a central tenet of Sikh religious philosophy.[1] Ik Onkar hasa prominent position at the head of the Mul Mantar and the opening words of the Sri Guru Granth Sahib.[2]

Ik (ਇੱਕ) means one and only one, who cannot be compared or contrasted with any other,[4] Onkar (ਓਅੰਕਾਰ)is the one universal ever flowing divine melody and existential unstruck, never-ending sound of God.[5]

To simplify Ik means one, Oang the creator and Kar means the creation. So the creator and his creation arenot different and He the supreme creator resides everywhere and in everything.

The sound is Oang (anhad naad) and Kar is the never ending continuation of Oang sound. This melodymanifests in billions of galaxies and universes and leads to protect and preserve. Ultimately, everything getsmerged back into this sound; this has happened countless times before.

It is a symbol of the unity of God in Sikhism, meaning God is One or One God,[6] and is found in all religious scriptures and placessuch as gurdwaras. Derived from Punjabi, Ik Onkār is the first phrase in the Mool Mantar referring to the existence of "one constantdivine melody" which is proved by Gurbani itself in:

ਓਅੰਕਾਰ ਏਕ ਧੁਿਨ ਏਕੈ।। Oangkar one and only divine melody ਏਕ ੈਰਾਗ ੁਅਲਾਪੈ।। One melody is tuned ਏਕਾ ਦੇਸੀ ਏਕ ੁਿਦਖਾਵ ੈਏਕ ੋਰਿਹਆ ਿਬਆਪੈ।। ਮਹਲਾ ੫ One is his land, one way he shows and that one is omnipresent. ਅੰਗ ੮੮੫ Page 885 (Shree Guru Granth Sahib Ji) ਓਅ ੰਆਿਦ ਸਰੂਪੈ।। ਓਅ ੰਗੁਰਮੁਿਖ ਕੀੲ ੋਪਸਾਰਾ।।

[7]

It is found in the Gurmukhi script[8] and is consequently also part of the Sikh morning prayer, Japji Sahib. It is a combination of twocharacters, the numeral ੧, Ikk (one) and the first letter of the word Onkar (Constant taken to mean God) - which also happens to bethe first letter of the Gurmukhī script - an ūṛā, ੳ, coupled with a specially adapted vowel symbol hōṛā, yielding ਓ.

In Mul Mantar

Discussion

See also

References

External links

Ik Onkār,[1] aSikh symbol(encoded as asingle characterin Unicode atU+0A74, ੴ)

Contents

In Mul Mantar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh_religious_philosophyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mul_Mantarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotheismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurdwarahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mool_Mantarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurbanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitnemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japji_Sahibhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukh%C4%AB_scripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi_scripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi_scripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ekonkar.normal.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode

It is also the opening phrase of the Mul Mantar, present as opening phrase inthe Guru Granth Sahib, and the first composition of Guru Nanak. Further, theMul Mantar is also at the beginning of the Japji Sahib, followed by 38 hymnsand a final Salok at the end of this composition.

Punjabi: ੴ ਸਿਤ ਨਾਮੁ ਕਰਤਾ ਪੁਰਖੁ ਿਨਰਭਉ ਿਨਰਵੈਰੁ ਅਕਾਲ

ਮੂਰਿਤ ਅਜੂਨੀ ਸੈਭੰ ਗੁਰ ਪ�ਸਾਿਦ ॥Simplified transliteration: Ik Oankaar SatnaamKartaa Purakh Nirbhau Nirvair Akaal MooratAjoonee Saibhan Gur PrasaadEnglish: One universal Creator God who created theuniverse with the sound "Oang", Truth and eternal isthe name, Creative being, Without Fear, WithoutEnmity, Timeless and deathless Form, Not affected by the circle of life and death - unborn ,Self-Existent, He can be realized by the grace of the true and eternal Guru who has thepower to enlighten us. [9]

Ik Onkar is the statement of oneness in Sikhism, that is 'there is one God'.[10][11]

The phrase is a compound of the numeral one (ik) and onkar, states Doniger, canonically understood in Sikhism to refer to "absolutemonotheistic unity of God".[2] Ik Onkar has a prominent position at the head of the Mul Mantar and the opening words of the SriGuru Granth Sahib.[2]

The Onkar of Sikhism is related to Om in Hinduism.[2] Some Sikhs disagree that Ik Onkar is same as Om.[2] Onkar is, states WazirSingh, a "variation of Om (Aum) of the ancient Indian scriptures (with a slight change in its orthography), implying the seed-forcethat evolves as the universe".[12] Guru Nanak wrote a poem entitled Oankar in which, states Doniger, he "attributed the origin andsense of speech to the Divinity, who is thus the Om-maker".[2]

Oankar ('the Primal Sound') created Brahma. Oankar fashioned the consciousness. From Oankar came mountainsand ages. Oankar produced the Vedas. By the grace of Oankar, people were saved through the divine word. By thegrace of Oankar, they were liberated through the teachings of the Guru.

— Ramakali Dakkhani, Adi Granth 929-930, Translated by Pashaura Singh[13]

It is constituted of two components - Ek and Onkar. Ek means one, and is written as a numerical figure '1'. Onkar stands for thePrimal mystical Divine Name of God referred to as Brahman in the Vedic literature. In order to grasp fully the underlying spiritualsignificance and meaning of Ek-Onkar each of its components needs to be studied in depth, beginning with Onkar.

The root of Onkar is traceable to the Hindu sacred syllable Om, also written as Aum. Historically, in the beginning, Om was used as areply of approval or consent.

At a later stage, with the evolution of Indian philosophic thought, the sages of Upanishads pronounced it as an adequate symbol ofthe Absolute Transcendent Reality, Brahman. It is considered as the unity of all sound to which all matters and energy are reduced intheir primordial form, hence fit as a symbol for Atman (soul) or Brahman, the Supreme Being, which is the unity of all existence.These - and possibly some other - considerations led the Vedic sages to accord to Om the highest Divine reverence and worship. As avery sacred and powerful Mantra it forms part of daily worship and meditation by Hindu devotees. It is treated as the holiest symbolof Divinity calling it Nada Brahma or Shabda Brahma in the form of sound. Its nearest equivalent in the West is Logos or the 'Word'.St. John's Gospel expounds it thus:

Mul Mantra written by Guru Har Rai,showing the Ik Onkar at top.

Discussion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mul_Mantarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahibhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Nanakhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japji_Sahibhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salokhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mul_Mantarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Nanakhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Guru_Har_Rai_-_Mool_Mantar.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mul_Mantrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Har_Rai

"in the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God and the Word was God." The Word was the true light that enlightens allmen!

Written in original, it is composed of three letters of Sanskrit alphabet, corresponding to A U M of English alphabet. According tocertain interpretations, the three sounds represent three facets of Nirguna Parabrahm Paramatma - the One Formless Supreme Being.These facets namely are creation, preservation, and destruction. Symbolically, these different facets of the One are sometimesrepresented in the Sagun forms of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. There always is consciousness in Hinduism, however, that these formsare simply representations of the One.

Guru Nanak followed in the tradition of Nirguna Parabrahm Paramatma - One and Only One Formless Supreme Being, an IndivisibleEntity. This belief in the unity of God he has re-iterated in various ways in his other compositions as well. At one place heemphatically affirms, Sahib mera Eko hai, Eko hai Bhai, eko hai.

In English:

'My Master is One, One only, Oh Brother, He is Sole.'

So Guru Nanak's revealed Scripture place numerical figure '1' before Onkar thus enhancing his firm conviction in the unity of God.Its main importance and underlying significance lies in the fact that one is not represented by 'one' in words, but by a numericalfigure '1'; thus completely eliminating any possibility of words being given different meaning. It was Guru Nanak's own inspiredvision that transformed AUM into Ek-Onkar representing the Supreme Being, the Sole Absolute Eternal Reality which, whilemanifesting itself in multiplicity as Onkar, is still in its essence 'Sole and Absolute'; Transcendent as well as Immanent. Impersonal isalso Personal in Ek-Onkar.

By the large, Sikhs worship 'Waheguru' as God's name for constant remembrance by repetition aloud or Sotto Voce. In Sikh parlance,this is known as 'Naam Simran'. There are, however, many a Sikh who also meditate upon and use Ek-Onkar for 'Naam Simran'. Like'Waheguru' this is also considered to be a powerful Mantra for achieving spiritual progress and Divine Grace for final emancipationof the individual soul.

In conclusion, it can be said that Ek-Onkar is the true symbol of Sikhism given to us by Guru Nanak based on his spiritual experienceand inspired vision at the very inception of the Sikh faith.

WaheguruOmEckankar

1. Rose, David (2012). Sikhism photpack. Fu Ltd. p. 10. ISBN 1-85276-769-3.

2. Doniger, Wendy (1999). Merriam-Webster's encyclopedia of world religions (https://books.google.com/books?id=ZP_f9icf2roC&pg=PA500&dq=%22ik+oankar%22&ct=result#v=onepage&q=%22ik%20oankar%22&f=false). Merriam-Webster. p. 500. ISBN 978-0-87779-044-0. Retrieved 2015-09-23.

3. "Basic Articles" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120725085727/http://www.sgpc.net/sikhism/sikhism1.asp). SGPC.Archived from the original (http://sgpc.net/sikhism/sikhism1.asp) on 25 July 2012. Retrieved 12 August 2012.

4. "ਇੱਕ - meaning in English" (http://www.shabdkosh.com/pa/translate?e=%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95&l=pa). Shabdkosh. Retrieved 20 September 2013.

See also

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waheguruhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eckankarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85276-769-3https://books.google.com/books?id=ZP_f9icf2roC&pg=PA500&dq=%22ik+oankar%22&ct=result#v=onepage&q=%22ik%20oankar%22&f=falsehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-044-0https://web.archive.org/web/20120725085727/http://www.sgpc.net/sikhism/sikhism1.asphttp://sgpc.net/sikhism/sikhism1.asphttp://www.shabdkosh.com/pa/translate?e=%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95&l=pa

Video on the Holy Importance of Ik Onkar as told by Guru SahibDiscussion On Ek Onkar TranslationFast facts on sikhism and Ik OnkarReligious Studies Ik OnkarEk Onkar - Shabad Gurbani

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5. "Ek-Omkār / Ik-Omkār / Ekankār It is from the Sanskrit word Omkar. The mystic name of God. It is used at thebeginning of prayers and holy recitations, and also at the beginning of writing respectful salutations. The unmanifest,God in power, the holy word, the primal manifestation of Godhead by which and in which all live, move and havetheir being and by which all find a way back to Absolute God. God is the Supreme Reality. His other name is 'SatNām'. The Sikhs meditate on God as Ek-Omkar, and not in any other way like worship of idols “Rām Nām Jap Ek-Omkar". (GGS, p. 185) Ek Omkar is the Transcendent Lord of entire creation, who existed before the creation andwho alone will survive the creation. (GGS, pp. 296 and 930, and Bhai Gurdas Var, 4011.)" — Ramesh ChanderDogra & Gobind Singh Mansukhani, Encyclopaedia of Sikh Religion and Culture, pp 138–139

6. Real Sikhism: Meaning of word Ik Onkar. (http://www.realsikhism.com/index.php?action=gmeaning&glossaryid=63&glossaryterm=Ik%20Onkar)

7. Mayled, John (2002). Sikhism. Heinemann. p. 16. ISBN 0-435-33627-4.

8. David Rose, Gill Rose (2003). Sacred Texts photopack. Folens Limited. p. 12. ISBN 1-84303-443-3.

9. Arvind Mandair (2008), Shared Idioms, Sacred Symbols, and the Articulation of Identities in South Asia (Editor: KellyPemberton), Routledge, ISBN 978-0415958288, page 61

10. Singh, Wazir (1969). Aspects of Guru Nanak's philosophy (https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rWM9AAAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=substitute+ekankar). Lahore Book Shop. p. 20. Retrieved 2015-09-17. "the 'a,' 'u,' and'm' of aum have also been explained as signifying the three principles of creation, sustenance and annihilation. ...aumkār in relation to existence implies plurality, ... but its substitute Ekonkar definitely implies singularity in spite ofthe seeming multiplicity of existence. ..."

11. Singh, Khushwant (2002). "The Sikhs" (https://books.google.com/books?id=5LSvkQvvmAMC&pg=PA114&). InKitagawa, Joseph Mitsuo. The religious traditions of Asia: religion, history, and culture. London: RoutledgeCurzon.p. 114. ISBN 0-7007-1762-5.

12. Wazir Singh (1969), Guru Nanak's philosophy, Journal of Religious Studies, Vol. 1, Issue 1, page 56

13. Pashaura Singh (2014), in The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies (Editors: Pashaura Singh, Louis E. Fenech),Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0199699308, page 227

External links
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god in sikhism · god in sikhism sikhism is a monotheistic religion and hence, believes that "god"...

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