Overview of the GMES Space Component Programme

Pierre Potin GMES Space Office

Directorate of Earth Observation programmesEuropean Space Agency

7ièmes Journées Scientifiques et Techniques CETMEF Paris, 8-10 December 2008

Goal of GMES

GMES aims at developing operational services,

… following the example of meteorology…

… but for other domains such as emergency & risk management, air quality monitoring, land monitoring, ocean / sea & ice monitoring, etc.

Science needed to create and continuously improve operational services

GMES: Some key milestones

Initiation of GMES, Baveno Manifesto

Gothenburg EU Summit “establish by 2008 an operational European capacity for … GMES”

Investments by ESA and EC on services

EU initiates “Fast-track” services; GMES becomes ‘flagship’ESA C-MIN in Berlin funds Phase-1 of GSC programme

ESA Phase-2 approved EC-ESA agreement on GMES signedEC Fast-Track services to become operationalESA C-MIN in November - GSC Segment-2 adopted

Launch of first GMES Sentinels

1998

2000

2001+

2005

2007

2008

2011+

GMES componentsServices Component

• Produces information services in response to European policy priorities in environment and security

• Relies on data from in-situ and space component

In-situ component

• Mostly of national responsibility, with coordination at European level (EEA)

Space Component

• EO missions developed specifically for GMES (Sentinels)

• EO missions built for purposes other than GMES but offering part of their capacity to GMES (EU/ESA MSs, EUMETSAT, commercial, international)

GMES overall view

Space InfrastructureIn Situ

InfrastructureOBSERVATION

INFRASTRUCTURE

DOWNSTREAM SERVICES

Use

rs

XX

X..

Em

ergency A

tmosphere

Marine

Land

Space InfrastructureIn Situ

InfrastructureOBSERVATION

INFRASTRUCTURE

CORE  SERVICES

DOWNSTREAM SERVICES

Fa

rmin

g IC

ZM

Use

rs

Air q

ua

lity

XX

X..

Em

ergency A

tmosphere

Marine

Land

Ad

ded

Valu

e Ch

ainA

dd

ed V

alue C

hain

ESA funded GMES services

100 M€ by 100 M€ by ESA MSESA MS

Period 2003-Period 2003-2008 (2009)2008 (2009)

400+ user 400+ user organisationsorganisations

EC has EC has invested invested another 100 another 100 M€M€

GSE Users : Legally Mandated Organizationsin 35 Countries

0 20 40 60 80 100

Soil, Water & Urban

Fire & Flood Risk

Marine & Coastal

Land Motion

Polar & Sea Ice

Forest Monitoring

Atmosphere

Maritime Security

Humanitarian Aid

Food Security

International National Regional Local Private

International: 40National: 146Regional: 76

Local: 65Private: 8

40400+

Transition from (ESA) GSE to (EC) Fast Track Services

20122006 2007 2008

Maritime security (consolidation)

2009 2010 2011

Marine Core

Land Core

Emergency Core

Atmosphere Pilot

Security Pilot

FT Downstream 1

FT Downstream 2

FT Downstream 3

FT Downstream 4

FT Downstream 5

PromoteRespond

Polar viewFood SecurityTerrafirmaRisk EOSMarcoastLandForest

GSE Extension

Calibratio

n

Review

Sep 02 Dec 02

Validation

Workshop

ENVISAT: building up GMES services

Nov 03

MERIS

Workshop

First images

Prestige tankeroil slick

Mar 02

Lau

nch

~2200 scientific projects

Sep 04

Envisat SymposiumSalzburg (A)

Sep 05

MERIS

(A)A

TSR

Workshop

Dec 03

InSAR

Workshop

Ozone hole 2003

Bam earthquake

Global airpollution

Tectonic uplift(Andaman)

Chlorophyllconcentration

Dec 05

InSAR

Workshop

B-15A iceberg

HurricaneKatrina

Mar 06

Altimetry

Conference

+ several GMES pre-operational

projects

May 06

Atmospheric

Science

Conference

Envisat SymposiumMontreux (CH)

Apr 07

CO2 map

Arctic 2007

Dec 07

InSAR

Workshop

R&D Operations

The GMES Space Component programme

Role of ESA in GMES: Space Council Resolution

• Development and procurement Agency for dedicated space infrastructure Development of first spacecraft and Ground Segment, procurement of recurrent elements

• Coordinator of the overall GMES Space Component Definition of overall GSC architecture and plan for future evolutions, organisation of the access to GMES Contributing Missions and operation of Sentinels

• ESA is expected to act as interim operator of Sentinel-1, -2 and Sentinel-3 (land)EUMETSAT is the proposed operator of Sentinel-3 (Marine), Sentinel-4 and -5

From EU policies to Sentinels: Traceability of requirements

GMES dedicated missions: SentinelsSentinel 1 – SAR imagingAll weather, day/night applications, interferometry

Sentinel 2 – Multispectral imagingLand applications: urban, forest, agriculture, etc

Continuity of Landsat, SPOT data

Sentinel 3 – Ocean and global land monitoringWide-swath ocean color, vegetation, sea/land surface

temperature, altimetry

Sentinel 4 – Geostationary atmosphericAtmospheric composition monitoring, trans-boundary

pollution

Sentinel 5 – Low-orbit atmosphericAtmospheric composition monitoring

2011

2012

2012

2017+

2019+

Sentinel-1Applications: • monitoring sea ice zones and the arctic environment• surveillance of marine environment• monitoring land surface motion risks• mapping in support of humanitarian aid in crisis

situations

4 nominal operation modes: • strip map (80 km swath, 5X5 m res.)• interferometric wide swath (250 km swath, 20X5 m

res.)• extra wide swath (400 km swath, 25X100 m res.)• Wave (5X20 m res.)

2300 Kg spacecraft mass

Sun synchronous orbit at 693 Km mean altitude

12 days repeat cycle

7 years design life time, consumables for 12 years

Sentinel-1:

C-band

SAR mission

Sentinel-2Applications:• Generic land cover maps• risk mapping and fast images for disaster relief• generation of leaf coverage, leaf chlorophyll

content and leaf water content

Pushbroom filter based multi spectral imager with 13 spectral bands (VNIR & SWIR)

Spatial resolution: 10, 20 and 60 m

Field of view: 290 km

1098 kg spacecraft mass

10 days repeat cycle

Sun synchronous orbit at 786 km mean altitude

7 years design life time, consumables for 12 years

Sentinel-2:

Superspectral imaging mission

Sentinel-3Applications:

• Sea/land colour data and surface temperature

• sea surface and land ice topography

• coastal zones, inland water and sea ice topography

• vegetation products

1198 kg spacecraft mass

Sun synchronous orbit at 814.5 km mean altitude over geoid

27 days repeat cycle

7 years design life time, consumables for 12 years

Sentinel-3:

ocean & global land mission

Sentinel-3Instruments:

• Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) with 5 cameras, 8 bands (only VIS) for open ocean (low res), 15 bands (only VIS) for coastal zones (high res). Spatial sampling: 300m @ SSP

• Sea and Land Surface Temperature (SLST) with 9 spectral bands, 0.5 (VIS, SWIR) to 1 km res (MWIR, TIR). Swath: 180rpm dual view scan, nadir & backwards

• RA packageSRAL Ku-C altimeter (LRM and SAR measurement modes), MWR, POD (with Laser Retro Reflector, GNSS and DORIS)

Sentinel-4Applications:

• monitoring changes in the atmospheric composition (e.g. ozone, NO2, SO2, BrO, formaldehyde and aerosol) at high temporal resolution

• tropospheric variability

Narrow field spectrometer covering UV (290-400 nm), visible (400-500 nm) and near-IR (750-775 nm) bands

Spatial sampling 5-50 km and spectral resolution between 0.06 nm and 1 nm (depending on band)

Geostationary orbit, at 0o longitude

Embarked on MTG-S and operated by EUMETSAT

Sentinel-4:

GEO atmospheric

mission

Sentinel-5Applications:

• monitoring changes in the atmospheric composition (e.g. ozone, NO2, SO2, BrO, formaldehyde and aerosol) at high temporal (daily) resolution

• tropospheric variability

Wide-swath pushbroom spectrometer suite, covering UV (270-400 nm), visible (400-500 & 710-750 nm), NIR (750-775 nm) and SWIR (2305-2385 nm) bands.

Spatial sampling 5-50 km and spectral resolution between 0.05 nm and 1 nm (depending on band)

Low Earth orbit (reference altitude of about 817 km)

Sentinel-5 precursor to fill data gaps (2013-2019). Sentinel-5 embarked on post-EPS and operated by EUMETSAT

Sentinel-5:

LEO atmospheric

mission

Potential Contributing Missions to GSC

+ Seosat, Tandem-X, Enmap, Venμs, Altika, etc.

CosmoSkymedSPOT

Rapideye DMCs

PléiadesJason

METOP

Radarsat

Terrasar-X MSG

National, Eumetsat and Third Party Missions for GMES (list not exhaustive that will evolve

based on services requirements)

Example: missions relevant to marine applications

Missions for SST Principal Owner 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

ERS-2 (ATSR-2) ESAENVISAT (AATSR) ESA

Sentinel-3 A (SLST) ESASentinel-3 B, C, D (SLST) ESA

MSG (SEVIRI) - 4 S/C EUMETSATMETOP (AVHRR-3) EUMETSAT

MTG EUMETSATPost-EPS EUMETSAT

Missions for Ocean Colour Principal Owner 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

ENVISAT (MERIS) ESASentinel-3 A (OLCI) ESA

Sentinel-3 B, C, D (OLCI) ESA

Altimetry Missions Principal Owner 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

ERS-2 (RA) ESAENVISAT (RA-2) ESA

CryoSat-2 ESASentinel-3 A (RA) ESA

Sentinel-3 B, C, D (RA) ESAJASON-1 CNES-NASAJASON-2 CNES-EUM-NASA-NOAAJASON-3

Oceansat-3 / AltiKa ISRO/CNES

In orbitApprovedPlanned

SAR Missions Principal Owner 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

ERS-2 (C-Band) ESAENVISAT ASAR (C-Band) ESA

Sentinel-1 A ESASentinel-1 B, C, D ESA

Radarsat-2 (C-Band) MDATerraSar-X (X-Band) DLR

TerraSar-X -2 (X-Band) DLRTandem-X (X-Band) DLR

Cosmo-SkyMed (X-Band) - S/C 1 ASICosmo-SkyMed (X-Band) - S/C 2, 3, 4 ASICosmo-SkyMed 2nd Gen. (X-Band) ASIRadarSat-Constellation (C-Band) CSA

GMES Ground Segment and Data Access

Sentinel-3

GMES Space Component Phasing

2004 20092006 2013 2014 2023

ESA Segment 1

ESA Prep. Programme

ESA Segment 2

EU Operational programme

2017

EU Pre-Ops

2011

23

Build-up Phase towards an Operational System

Development of Sentinel 1B, 2B, 3B up to flight readiness

Sentinel 4 (MTG-S): Phase B/C/D incl. processor & 2nd unit

Sentinel 5 (Post-EPS): Phase B1 & pre-development

Sentinel 5 Precursor (UV-NIR instrument provided by NL)

Data Access (management, operations & data procurement)

Ground segment activities related to Sentinel 1B, 2B, 3B

GSC Evolution Studies

Studies on low-inclination altimetry (Jason follow-on)

Sentinel 1A, Phase B2/C/D/E1

Sentinel 2A, Phase B2/C/D/E1

Sentinel 3A, Phase B2/C/D/E1

Ground Segment Developments

Data Access

Coordination and Studies

• Segment 1

Approved

• Segment 2

C-MIN 08

Approved

GMES Space Component implementation schedule

GMES Space Component funding aspects1. Build-up phase

development of first generation of Sentinels, data access to

MS/EUM missions, ground segment, early operations: ~ 2.4 bn€

Financing – ESA GSC programme 758 M€ Segment 1 (2005, 2007) 831 M€ Segment 2 (2008)

Financing – EC FP7 600 M€ FP7 Space (2007-2013)

Additional funding is required in ~2011 to complete build-up

2. Operational Programmedevelopment of recurrent Sentinel satellites, operational access to Member State / Eumetsat missions, GSC routine operations, evolution of GSC: ~ 500 M€/year (2008 e.c.), to be consolidated

Operational elements expected to be funded by EC while R&D elements by ESA

GMES: Socio-economic benefits

185

615

2,488

14,010

63

254

278

520

892

2,202

2,584

3,622

4,167

2786

0 5,000 10,000 15,000

Desertification - Ecosystem

Desertification

Deforestation - Climate

Climate Change - Adaptation

Forest Ecosystems (EU)

‘Other’ risk & Civil Security Appl.

Forest Fires

Seismic Application

Humanitarian Aid

Conflict Resolution

Flooding

Marine

Air Quality

Efficiency Savings

€m, 2005 prices

Cat.1 (Efficiency benefits):

2786 M€

Cat.2 (European policy

formulation benefits):

14582 M€

Cat. 3 (Global action benefits):

17298 M€

Total benefits up to 2025:

Source: PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) study 2005-2006

GSC next programmatic steps

• Sign EC-ESA Agreement for Segment 2 (following successful ESA CMIN)

• Establish the GMES/GSC Governance, for build-up and operational programme

• Consolidate the GSC Long Term Scenario

• Obtain operational funding, required for 2011-2013 and after 2014