1

GNSS 2010. 7.16 2GNSS

: QZSS(JRANS) : GPS : GALILEO : GLONASS : Compass : WAAS : EGNOS : MSAS : GAGAN : Beidu

3 : 1 mSBASGBASGLONASSWAASMSASEGNOSGAGANLAASAccuracyIntegrity Time to AlarmGPSGALILEO 3 m 15 m5s30sNo Integrity 4

: 5 1978 GPS 1984 GPS 2000 GPS SA (10m ) 2002 2003 WAAS 2004 QZSS 2005 2005 MTSAT 1-R 2006 EGNOS 2007 MSAS 2011

6 : WASS , LAAS CAT-I . GPS (GPS Modernization)

: GLONASS

(EU) :

/// :

7 GNSS

GNSS

GNSS

GNSS

GNSS 8GNSS GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System)1991 10 Air Navigation Conference ICAO(International Civil Organization) 21 Stand-alone Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) .9Beacon : , ,

10GNSS (1)Transit : 1960 NAVSTAR(NAVigation System with Time and Range) GPS (73-79)1973 () 1978 GPS 1984 KAL-007 GPS 1990 (DOD) SA 1990-91 : SA GPS 1991 8 : 1993 12 (IOC:Initial Operational Capability) : 24 , SPS 11GNSS (2)1995 4 (FOC:Full Operational Capacity) : 24 Block II IIA , SPS&PPS 1997 2 2 ( L5 )2000 5 1 : SA 2003 WAAS 2004 LAAS 2005 L2C 2006 L2 L5

12PPS(Precise Positioning Service) : :L1, L2, C/A-code, P/Y-code & SA AS (2 drms, 95%) ; 22m (2 drms, 95%) ; 27.7m UTC Time transfer(95%) ; 200ns ; 0.2m/s 13SPS(Standard Positioning Service) ; ; L1, L2, C/A-code, P-code & (2 drms, 95%) ; 100m (2 drms, 95%) ; 156m UTC Time transfer(95%) ; 340ns

14Selective Availability (SA) ; ; C/A-code 2040m ( ) DoD( ) Off-Setting SV Clocks Injection of Ephemeris Error SA SA On ; 100m (C/A-code or P-code) SA Off ; 2040m (C/A-code or P-code) SA 1995 SA 1996 Clinton 10 SA 2000 SA 15Anti-Spoofing (A-S) ; ; SA 100m P-code Y-code clock orbit data P-code Y-code Key Key C/A-code 16SA

17SA

SA (5 1)SA (5 3)18GNSS GPS

GLONASS

GALILEO19GPS 3 : GPS

20

Colorado Springs

GPS 3 21GPS :6 4 :55:20,200km:1158

22Block IIR ModernizationPre-Modernization/IIR

Heritage SignalsL1 C/AL1, L2 P(Y)

On Orbit Life~10.6 Years MMD*Post Modernization/IIR-M

Modernized SignalsFlexible, Higher PowerL1 C/A, L2C** (or C/A)L1, L2 P(Y)L1, L2 M-Code)On-Orbit Life~8.6 Years MMD

* Design Life/MMD analysis completed Nov 01.** L2 Second Civil signal design supports varying code length and data structure23Block IIF ModernizationPre-Modernization

Heritage SignalsL1, L2 C/AL1, L2 P(Y)

Design Life15 Years

* L2 Second Civil signal design supports varying code length and data structure** L5 Third Civil signal at -154dBw

Post Modernization

Modernized SignalsFlexible, Higher PowerL1 C/A, L2C*L1, L2 P(Y)L1, L2 M-CodeL5 Third Civil**

Design Life12 Years10 Year MMD24

25

GPS (Master Control Station): (Monitor Station) , , 26Military.Search and rescue.Surveying.Marine, aeronautical and terrestrial navigation.Remote controlled vehicle and robot guidance.Satellite positioning and tracking.Shipping.Geographic Information Systems (GIS).Recreation.User Segment2627GPS C/A(293m), P(29m),L1(19cm), L2(24cm) (L1,L2) ->

28 2 (L2C) M 2005 9 Block IIR , 2012 24 L5 3 2007 Block IIF , 2015 24

2013 Block III , 2021 24 L1 (L1C)

1 : 1989 20102 : 2005 20183 : 2013 2030)GPS 29GPS //Block IIR-M (8)L1 C/A, P(Y)L2 CS, P(Y), M2005 ~ 2007 Block IIF (19)L5 CS 2007 ~ 2013 Block III (N)L1 BOC(1,1)M-code beam spot IOC, FOC L2CS : IOC 2011, FOC 2013L5 : IOC 2014, FOC 2015M-code : IOC 2011, FOC 2013 2005 9 26 Block IIR-M

30

() 313 (Point Positioning)

ux,uy,uz, 4 DGPS

DGPS(Differential GPS) GPS

32

33GPS GPS GPS GPS Noise(Multi-Path) DOP34

50km L1 L2 35

50km , 36

: 0 - 20mm : P C/A , 37DOP(Dilution of Precision)

GPS (Quality) , .38GPS GPS 1 30mDGPS 1m ~ 5m2 GPS mm2 1cm ~ 2cm39GLONASSGLONASS(GLObal Navigation Satellite System ) 15 -> , GPS 99 2 : GLONASS GNSS GLONASS

40GLONASS : L1 C/A (0.511MHz, 586m) L1 L2 P(5.11MHz, 58.7m): L1 1602MHz 1615MHz L2 1246MHz 1256.5MHz : UTC(SU) ( UTC ): 30 , , 41GalileoGalileo EU GPS , (, ) 2002 2005 : , 2006 2010 : 2010 : Galileo 42Galileo : 303 10 : 56: 23,616km: 14 4

43Galileo E5a (1176.45MHz), E5b(1207.14MHz), E5(E5a+E5b)(1191.795MHz)E6(1278.75MHz), E1(1575.42MHz)

L1L2L544Galileo Open Services (OS): 2 : 4m, 8m ( : 99.8%) : 15m, 35mCommercial Services(CS) : 3 TCAR : 1m(), : 10cm ()Safety-of-life Services (SOL): : 4 - 6mPublic Regulated Services(PRS) : : 6.5m, 12m : 1m()Search and Rescue Services(SAR)45 (2002 2009) 2005 12 GIOVE-A 2009 4 (2009 2011) 30

(2011 )

46GNSS 1. GNSS

47

GPS

PDA + GPS Navigation4748

GPS-VAN

GPS+INS+CCD 49 GPS+INS+

50

/ GIS// GPS 5051

JDAM(Joint Direct Attack MunitionGPS+INS ->

52

GPS WVR 53 GPS ,

54SBAS( WAAS, EGNOS)

55

GBASGround Based Argumentation System

56 MSAS