glossary_of_standardised_terms_5

{}üüÍÛm-zôh-Ám-¢¼-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-zl-Vhüü

Glossary of Standardised Terms

º²Ûm-BôP.ü hPôÅ-D¤Åü Ç¨m-¯ÛÅü ¯Û-ÁÛP.üAdministration, Physics, Medicine, Astrology, & Botany

hïz-yïP-¿S-qüSerial 5

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2012

{}üüÍÛm-zôh-Ám-¢¼-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-zl-Vhüühïz-yïP-¿S-qü

(PïÅ-±ÛG-¤Z¤-£GÅü)

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»ï-ÁïÅ-zÇem-º²Ûmü ±ï-¼ÛP-hôm-Iâzü;¤-qÞ‡¼-uÛ-Oô¤-¾¤-Çeôm-qü qj¨-º²ô¤Å-BÛhü

Glossary of Standardised Terms

Serial 5

(with Tibetan definitions)

Chief editor: Acharya Karma MonlamAssistant editors: Ogyen Tenzin, Tenzin Thegchok,

Yeshi Tenzin, Tsering DhondupDatabase consultant: Pema Zomkyi

ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-¾Å-DÞPÅü © DoE/CTA

zl-Vh-hïz-yïP-¿S-qü TTP Serial 5

q¼-GŸÛ-hP-qôü 2012 First edition 2012

hïz-IPÅü 5000 5000 copies

q¼-Cæm-hP-±ôP-ºIï¤Åü Printing & distribution

ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-q¼-DP.ü Sherig Parkhang/TCRPC

hïz-yïP-ÇSôm-¤-n¤Å-ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-iÔ-GmÅ- www.sherig.org/tb ¾-G Û̧GÅü

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Supported by: Danish International Development Assistance (DANIDA)through Centre for International Cooperation & Education (CICED),

University College, Copenhagen, Denmark.

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hïz-yïP-hP-qôºÛ-Vïh-zXôhü ...................................................................................................... vii

Pô-vôh-Ç‰ÛP-zÇkÝÅü .....................................................................................................................viii

¯-º²Ûm-¾¤-Çeômü ..........................................................................................................................xÇÀôz-Çeôm-±ôGÅ-VßP-hP-¤Z¤-ŸÝGÅ-Çkï-DG.......................................................................... xi

¼ÛG-GmÅ-±m-q-Åô-ÅôºÛ-zÇkÝ-»ÛG ..........................................................................................xiii

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Pô-vôh-Ç‰ÛP-zÇkÝÅü

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xiii

acc. Accountancy Û̄Å-qºÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅüadm. Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üaeron. Aeronautical Gm¤-Iâ-z ô̧-z;ôh-̂ Û-¼ÛG-GmÅüagric. Agriculture Åô-m¤-ŸÛP-¾Åüalg. Algebra ±z- Û̄Åüanat. Anatomy ‚P-DôG-¾ÞÅ-fÛGanthrop. Anthropology ¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-hrh-ŸÛz-¼ÛG-qüarchaeol. Archaeology Gmº-hÝÅ-̂ Û-ÁÝ¾-μÅ-hrh-¼ÛGarchit. Architecture DP-z ô̧-hP-Í¼-¾Å- Û̂-z;ôh-qüastrol. Astrology Ç+¼-̄ ÛÅüastron. Astronomy Gm¤-¼ÛGarith. Arithmetic ÍP- Û̄Åüaviat. Aviation Gm¤-IâºÛ-¼ÛG-̄ ¾übacteriol. Bacteriology y-ÆÛm-hrh-¼ÛGbiochem. Biochemistry Bï-hPôÅ-μÅ-¢ô¼übiol. Biology Bï-hPôÅ-¼ÛG-qübind. Book Binding hqï-hïz-ºGô-º±ï¤Åübot. Botany Û̄-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qüca. cultural anthropology ¼ÛG-GŸÝP-hP-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-hrh-ŸÛzüchem. Chemistry μÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qücine. Cinematography JÀôG-z½‰m-¾Å-¼ÛG

¼ÛG-GmÅ-±m-q-Åô-ÅôºÛ-zÇkÝÅ-»ÛGAbbreviations

xiv

com Commerce ±ôP-¼ÛGcomn. Communication zl-ºyÛmücompt. sc. Computer Science ;¤-qÞ-‡¼-±m-¼ÛGdent. Dentistry ÅôºÛ-zTôÅ-fzÅüeco. Ecology Çoôh-zTßh-¼ÛG-qüecon. Economics hq¾-º‚ô¼üedu. Education ÁïÅ-»ômüelectr. Electrical JÀôGembryol. Embryology £æ¤-ÆÛP-hrh-¼ÛGengn. Engineering z ô̧-¼ÛG-ºV¼-ºGôhüetymol. Etymology f-Ç‰h-¼ÛG-qüentomol. Entomology ºzÞ-ÆÛm-hrh-¼ÛGenviron. Environment Dô¼-»ÞGgene. Genetics ¼ÛGÅ-Mãm-hrh-ŸÛz-¼ÛG-qügeog. Geography Å-MãÅ-¼ÛG-qügeol. Geology Å-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qügeom. Geometry fÛG-z;ôh-̄ ÛÅ-¼ÛGgym. Gymnastics ¯¾-¢ôP-¼ÛG-GmÅühis. Historical ¾ô-MãÅü ‚ÝP-¼zÅühort. Horticulture Bïh-±¾-¾Å-¼ÛGÅüjrn. Journalism GÅ¼-ºGôh-¾Å-¼ÛGÅülaw. Law FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅülib. Library hqï-¤²ôhüling. Linguistics Ç+h-¼ÛGÅ-¼ÛG-GmÅülit. Literature ô̄¤-¼ÛG-Nå-̄ ¾ü

xv

math. Mathematics Û̄Å-̂ Û-¼ÛG-GmÅümech. Mechanic(al) ºyâ¾-¼ÛG-z ô̧-¾Åümed. Medicine Ç̈m-hP-Ç̈m-zTôÅümetall. Metallurgy ¿UGÅ-¼ÛG-hrh-ŸÛz-¼ÛG-GmÅümeteor. Meteorology Gm¤-GÁÛÅ-zdG-hrhümil. Military h¤G-hqÞP-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-zl-Vhümine. Mineralogy Gbï¼-hPôÅ-¼ÛG-qümus. Music ¼ô¾-¤ôümyth. Mythology ¿Ë-OæP-ünaut. Nautical Iâ-G Û̧PÅ-hP-Vß-ºIâ¾-¾Å-¼ÛGÅünav. Naval ¤±ô-h¤Gnumis. Numismatics ‡¤-;ºÛ-z;ôh-¼ÛGÅüopt. Optical ºôh-hP-ÇoP-Áï¾üornith. Ornithology ºhz-VGÅ-hrh-¼ÛGpaint. Painting ¿Ë-ƒÛÅ-hP-¼Û-¤ôüpalaeon. Paleontology Ghôh-¤ºÛ-ÆôG-VGÅ-hP-Bï-hPôÅ-¼ÛG-qüparl. Parliamentary IôÅ-±ôGÅüpath. Pathology mh-hP-mh- Û̂-GZïm-qô-zÇeïm-fzÅüphil. Philosophy ¿e-z-hP-Iâz-¤fºÛ-zl-Vhüphon. Phonetics O-GhPÅ-¼ÛG-qüphoto. Photography z½‰m-q¼-¼ÛG-qüphys. Physics hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüphysiol. Physiology G Þ̧GÅ-D¤Å-hrh-¼ÛGpoet. Poetics Ç‰m-PGpol. Politics ÆÛh-hômü

xvi

prn. Printing q¼-Cæmüpsy-anal. Psychoanalysis Åï¤Å-D¤Å-hrh-¼ÛGpsycho. Psychology zÅ¤-„ÀôºÛ-±m-¼ÛGpub. Publications q¼-Cæm-¾Å-¼ÛGÅürhet. Rhetorics Mm-HÛ-zÇem-zTôÅürel. Religion VôÅ-¾ÞGÅürockt. Rocketry ¤ï-ÁÝGÅ-wÞ¼-¤hºÛ-¼ÛG-̄ ¾üsculpt. Sculpture @ôÅ-h=ô¾-¼ÛG-qüseism Seismology Å-»ô¤-hrh-¼ÛGsoc. Sociology uÛ-±ôGÅ-¼ÛG-qüsport. Sports ï̄h-¼ÛGÅüstat. Statistics Çkô¤Å-zÁhüsurg. Surgery GÁG-zTôÅütech. Technical ºyÝ¾-¾Å-hP-z ô̧-¾Å-¾G-̄ ¾ütechnol. Technology z ô̧-̄ ¾-¼ÛG-qütelecom. Telecommunications MP-ºyÛm-¾Å-¼ÛGÅütheatr. Theatrical ¹ôÅ-G¼ütheol. Theology ¿ËºÛ-n¤-GŸGtrans. Transportation ºIÛ¤-ºIâ¾ütrig. Trigonometry Þ̧¼-GÅÞ¤-̄ ÛÅ-¼ÛGtypo. Typography ¿UGÅ-q¼-OÛG-z;ôhüvet. Veterinary xãGÅ-mh-GÅô-¼ÛGWeapn. Weaponry Gô-¤±ômüzool. Zoology ÆôG-VGÅ-±m-¼ÛG

1Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü

zl-Vh-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-¾Å-ºV¼üTIBETAN TERMINOLOGY PROJECT

º²Ûm-BôP-zl-VhüADMINISTRATIVE TERMS

zl-Vh-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-¾Å-ºV¼üÁïÅ-¼ÛG-¯ô¤-OÛG-±m-qü

TIBETAN TEREMINOLOGY PROJECT

PUBLICATION CELL (DEPT. OF EDUCATION)

Administration 2 º²Ûm-BôP-üabsolutism

acculturation

acid test

act of state

activism

activist

advance estimate

ÆÛh-hzP-ÇKï¼-GTôh-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü

¼ÛG-GŸÝP-ºiÛÅ-Gô¤Åü¾ïGÅ-‚P-ºiÛÅ-Gô¤Åü

¤f¼-fÞG-GÛ-hrh-qü ¤f¼-hrôhü ºGPÅ-Vï-zºÛ-hrh-qü

ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GÛ-‚-GŸG GŸÝP-¾Åü

Èà¼-z ô̄m-¼P-zŸÛmü

Èà¼-z ô̄m-Tmü ¾Å-ºGÝ¾-qü

¼ôz- Û̄Å-ÇS-¤ü

ÆÛh-GŸÝP-mP-hÝ-ºfÞÅ-ÇKô-±P-ŸÛP-h¤-iG-¤ïh-qºÛ-hzP-V-¾G-zÇe¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-¿e-¾ÞGÅü

¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-¾ïGÅ-‚P-ŸÛG-¾-Gô¤Å-ºiÛÅ-‚ïh-qº¤-‚ïh-qºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤ü

T-hPôÅ-ÁÛG-G¤-¤Û-ŸÛG-GÛ-¼Ûm-fP-mm-HÛÅ-ºW¾-zü

¤Û-ÇKï¼-HÛ-ºGm-hzP-¾-¤-¿eôÅ-qºÛ-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-ŸÛG-GÛ-PôÅ-̂ Û-¾G-zÇe¼-ŸÛG

Vz-ÆÛh- Û̂-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-mP-ŸÝGÅ-q-Çeïü Vz-ÆÛh-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-hP.ü ¾Å-ºGÝ¾-GP-»P-¼ÞP-z¼-ŸÝGÅ-q-hP-Mz-Bô¼-ÅôGÅ-‚ïh-qü

Vz-ÆÛh-hP-uÛ-±ôGÅ- Û̂-ºwô-ºHã¼-fh-»Ûh-VïÅ-zdm-qô-z Þ̧P-ŸÛP.ü hï-¿eºÛ-ºwô-ºHã¼-»ôP-Vïh-ºzh-z ô̄m-ÁÝGÅ-Vï-‚ïh-¤Dmü

¹-z-GÅÞ¤-¼ïºÛ-M¾-mP-fôm-Bïh-xôGÅ-zÇkô¤Å- Û̄Å-MG-Ç+zÅ- Û̂-ºhÅ-¤-fG-qºÛ-hÝÅ-»Þm-HÛ-¼ôz- Û̄Å-ÁÛG w¾-Vï-z-¹-z-GÅÞ¤-HÛ-


aegis

affluent

aggregatesupply

altruism

anarchism

annexation

anthropology

¤Gô-ºhômü BzÅ-ºôG

º‚ô¼-¿kmü

Eôm-zÇkô¤Å-¤Dô-vôhü

GŸm-wm-HÛ-zÅ¤-qü GŸm-wmü

FÛ¤Å-¤ïh-¾ÞGÅ-¤ïh-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü

¹-OÛ¾ü

¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-hrh-ŸÛz-¼ÛG-qü

¤±¤Å-ÅÞ-ºIï¤Å-Çtï¾-‚Å-qºÛ-±ôh-Û̄Å-Ç‰m-fôü -

hzP-V-hP-ÁÝGÅ-Aïm-GP-¼ÞP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÆâP-Bôz-hP-¼ôGÅ-Bô¼ü

º‚ô¼-z-hP-¿km-q-Çeïü º‚ô¼-¿km-HÛ-uÛ-±ôGÅ-mÛ-T-hPôÅ-ÅôGÅ-¾ôPÅ-uôh-º²ô¤Å-q-ŸÛG-»Ûmü

hq¾-º‚ô¼-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-hPôÅ- ô̧G-hP-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-fôm-Bïh- Û̂-uÛ-ºzô¼-bïü uÛ-»ôPÅ- Û̂-hGôÅ-¤Dô-zÇ+ôP-Vïh-xÛ¼-±ôP-hP-mP-ºiïm-‚ïh-qºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-ÅôGÅ-±ßhü

GŸm-HÛ-zhï-hôm-HÛ-Vïh-hÝ-¼P-ZÛh-„ÀôÅ-GbôP-‚ïh-qºÛ-¿e-¾ÞGÅü

OÛG-º²âGÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-hzP-V-¯-¤ïh-z ô̧-z¼-ÁÝGÅ-Çoôm-MG-qºÛ-ºhôh-±ß¾-ŸÛG

M¾-Dz-TÛG-GÛÅ-Mz-Dz-GŸm-ŸÛG-G¤ü Å-GmÅ-ÁÛG-zhG-z Þ̧P-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-uôhü

¤ÛºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-¾-ŸÛz-ºWâG-‚ïh-q-Çeïü G®ô-zô-Ghôh-¤ºÛ-¤ÛÛ-¼ÛGÅ- Û̂-‚ãP-z-¾-ŸÛz-ºWâG-‚ïh-q¼-Gôü

Administration 4 º²Ûm-BôP-üanti-clericalism

anti-communism

anti-trust laws

apologist

arms control

articles ofConfederation

VôÅ-ÇkïºÛ-fï-‚ãÅ-¾-ºGôG-Lô¾ü

h¤¼-qôºÛ-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅ-ºGôG-Lô¾ü

±ôP-GZï¼-GÝ-»PÅ-zTº-FÛ¤Åü

hG-Åï¾-‚ïh-qôü

Gô-¤±ôm-ÇePÅ-º²Ûmü

¤fÞm-xôGÅ-¤Z¤-OÛ¾-¯-FÛ¤Åü

M¾-Dz- Û̂-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-mP-OÛG-º²âGÅ-Tm-HÛ-VôÅ-¾ÞGÅ- Û̂-ÁÝGÅ-Aïm-»ôP-z¼-Pô-Lô¾-‚ïh-qºÛ-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü

h¤¼-qôºÛ-¿e-z-¾-Mz-ºG¾ü

¼P-hzP-GÛÅ-±ôP-¾Å-¾-z¼-Vh-‚ïh-qºÛ-ÇKï¼-hzP-GTÛG-uôh- Û̂-±ôP-¾Å-hôm-GZï¼-z-ºGôG-Vïh-z ô̧Å-qºÛ-uÛ-¤fÞm-¤Pº-Çkï-hP-M¾-Dz-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅü

VôÅ-¾ÞGÅ-hP-ü hh-Ÿïmü ¿e-Iâz-zTÅ-ÆâP-Bôz-Vïh-Gb¤-zÁh-‚ïh-qº¤- ô̄¤-»ÛG-ÅôGÅ-ºƒÛ-¤Dmü

GZÛÅ-¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-IôGÅ-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-¾¤-mÅ-¤±ôm-Vº¤ü h¤G-hqÞP-GÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼-hP-n¤-IPÅ-ÅôGÅ-¾-±ôh-º²Ûm-‚ïh-qü

uÛ-¾ô-1781 ¾ô¼-Í-¼ÛºÛ-¤Û-Åï¼-Çtï¾-»Þ¾-zTß-GÅÞ¤-fÞm-¤ôP-GÛ-¯-FÛ¤Å-bïü uÛ-¾ô-1789 ¾ô¼-Í-¼Û-M¾-»ôPÅ-¯-FÛ¤Å- Û̂-Pô-zô¼-zTôÅü

5Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üatheism

autarky

autonomy

balance ofpower

balance ofterror

balkanisation

belligerency

bicameralgovernment

¿Ë-¤ïh-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü

hq¾-º‚ô¼-¼P-ºhP.ü

¼P-BôP-ü

ÇeôzÅ-ÁÝGÅ-hô-¤Z¤ü

ºWÛGÅ-hPPÅ-hô-¤Z¤ü

hÝ¤-zÞ¼-zGô-zü h‚ï-º‚ïhü

h¤G-ŸÝGÅ-GmÅ-zzÅü

IôÅ-±ôGÅ- Þ̧P-¿km-HÛ-ÆÛh-GŸÝP.ü

¿Ë-¤ïh-q¼-¬-zºÛ-¿e-Iâzü

GŸm-¾-¤Û-¿eôÅ-q¼-¼P-A-fÞz-qºÛ-M¾-mP-hq¾-º‚ô¼ü

Åô-ÅôºÛ-ºhôh-qº¤-‚-GŸG-¾-¼P-hzP-¿km-qº¤ü Åô-ÅôÅ-ÆÛh-hzP-BôP-zºÛ-uÛ-±ôGÅ-ÁÛG

M¾-Dz-DG-mP-DÞ¾-hÝ-h¤G-hqÞP-zGô-ºIï¤Å-‚ïh-q-hP-ü wm-±ßm-ºG¾-¹¼-Hã¼-qÅ-M¾-Dz-ÅÞ-¾-»P-¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-ºhôh-hôm-zOæz-Mãº¤-GŸm-hG-hzP-Nå¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-ÇeôzÅ-ÁÝGÅ-ºhP-PïÅ-¤ïh-qü

M¾-Dz-DG-GÛ-mP-lÝ¾-ym-¤±ôm-V-Ez-Gh¾-hÝ-ÅôP-»ôh-qÅ-hI-¾m-ÇÀôG-q¼-ºWÛGÅ-ÇoP-GÛÅ-M¾-Dz-ÅÞÅ-ˆP-iG-Lô¾-‚ïh-qºÛ-ºGô-¤Û- ô̄¤-qü

Å-DÞ¾-hP-»Þ¾-¾ÞP-ÅôGÅ-wm-±ßm-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛ-ÁôG-DG-hÝ-¤¼-zGô-fzÅü

h¤G-Å¼-ŸÝGÅ-¤Dm-HÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-Å¤-GmÅ-zzÅü

FÛ¤Å-z ô̧-¿Ëm-DP-GZÛÅ-»ôh-qºÛ-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-ŸÛG

Administration 6 º²Ûm-BôP-übig stick

bigotry

blackconsciousness

block voting

brigandage

lawgiver

legion

legislation

h‚ãG-qºÛ-¤fô-Gmômü h‚ãG-Áïhü

º²Ûm-q-Í-ºfÅü

mG-Ÿïmü

Çkï-DG-ºôÅ-ºwïmü

¼Û-WG

FÛ¤Å-¢ÛÛm-¤Dmü

hqÞP-Çkïü hqÞP-±ôGÅü

FÛ¤Åü zTº-FÛ¤Åü

ÆÛh-GŸÝP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-ÁÝGÅ-Aïm-vôh-fzÅ-¾-uôh-qºÛ-Vz-ÆÛh-hP-h¤G-hqÞP-GÛ-iG-ÁÝGÅü

¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-VôÅ-¾ÞGÅ-hP-ü hh-¤ôÅ-Å¤-»P-m-ºhôh-±ß¾-ÅôGÅ-Ÿïm-º²Ûm-‚ïh-qü

¼P-ZÛh-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-mG-qô-ŸÛG-»Ûm-qºÛ-PôÅ-º²Ûm-hP-Ÿïm-DôG

ÁôG-DG-GTÛG-GÛÅ-ÁôG-DG-hïºÛ-±ôGÅ-¤Û-WÛ-»ôh- Û̂-±z-‚Å-bï-ºôÅ-ÁôG-ºwïm-±ß¾ü

¼Û-Fôh-hP-mGÅ-GÅïz-bà-»ôh-qºÛ-WG-±ôGÅ- Û̂-¼ÛGÅ-ÁÛG

FÛ¤Å-Æô¾-Gbm-¾-ºzïzÅ-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G

@P-h¤G-GÛ-hqÞP-DG-bà-GbôGÅ-qºÛ-h¤G-GÛ-hqÞÞP-DG-Vïm-qô-ŸÛG-ÇeïüEh-q¼-hÝ-Gmº-zôºÛ-¼Û¤-HÛ-@P-h¤G-¾-Gôü

ÆÛh-GŸÝP-ŸÛG-GÛ-hGôÅ-¤Dô-¾-h¤ÛGÅ-bïü IôÅ-±ôGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-Gbm-¾-wz-qºÛ-FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ-ÁÛG-


legislativeassembly

legislativecouncil

lower chamber

nation

nation building

national debt

FÛ¤Å-z ô̧-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü

FÛ¤Å-z ô̧-¿Ëm-DP.ü

IôÅ-±ôGÅ-ºôG-¤ü

1ü ¤Û-¼ÛGÅü2ü M¾-Dzü

M¾-Dz-º²âGÅ-Cæmü

M¾-Dz- Û̂-zÞ-¾ômü

G¤-FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ-xôGÅ-zÇkÝÅ-ÁÛG-¾-¸ï¼ü

ŸÛP-Vïm-m¤-¤Pº-Çkï-Åô-ÅôºÛ-FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-hzP-±h-Tm-HÛ-ºfÞÅ-¤ÛºÛ-±ôGÅ-ºhÝü

M¾-Dz-D-ÁÅ-mP-FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ-z ô̧-zºÛ-OÛG-º²âGÅ-Å¤ü ¯-FÛ¤Å-¾-Çkï-±m-GZÛÅ-»ôh-qºÛ-mP-GÛ-GTÛG

IôÅ-±ôGÅ-D-ÁÅ-mP-Çkï-±m-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-h‚ï-»ôh-qºÛ-mP-GÛ-GTÛG-Çeïü Vz-ÆÛh-Û̂-hzP-ÁÝGÅ-Vï-z-»ôh-qºÛ-Çkï-±mü

1ü fÞm-¤ôP-GÛ-Ç+h-»ÛG-hP-¾ïGÅ-‚P-üGô¤Å-GÁÛÅ-ÅôGÅ- Û̂Å-zTÛPÅ-qºÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼-Vï-zºÛ-¤Û-±ôGÅ-ÁÛG2ü GŸÝP-GTÛG-GÛ-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-ºôG-»ôh-qºÛ-Å-Eôm-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-bà-GmÅ-qºÛ-¤Û-¤P.ü

h¤G-ºFâG-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-XïÅ-ÅÞ-M¾-Dz-TÛG-GÛ-Vz-ÆÛh-hP-ü hq¾-º‚ô¼-HÛ-©P-GŸÛ-zB¼-GÅôº¤-zB¼-Cæm-‚ïh-qü

M¾-Dz- Û̂-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-PôÅ-mÅ-ºW¾-hGôÅ-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-zÞmü

Administration 8 º²Ûm-BôP-ünational interest

national liberation

nationalism

nationalization

natural rights

naturalization

negotiation

nepotism

neutrality

M¾-Dz- Û̂-Dï-wmü

zTÛPÅ-z=ô¾-M¾-Dzü

¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü M¾-Ÿïmü

GŸÝP-zŸïÅü

¼P-zŸÛm-HÛ-fôz-fP.ü

»Þ¾-¤Û¼-z®ßh-fzÅü M¾-DôPÅ-ÅÞ-ºWâG-qü

IôÅ-¤ô¾ü

Zï-hGº-xôGÅ-¿ËàP.ü

xôGÅ-¼ÛÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-PP-±ß¾üz¼-GmÅ- Û̂-¼P-zŸÛmü

M¾-Dz-uÛ-»ôPÅ- Û̂-Dï-wm-hPôÅü

¤Û-Åï¼-Çtï¾-zºÛ-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅ-Å¤üz®m-Gmôm-HÛ-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅ-GP-¼ÞP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¤Pº-ºôG-mÅ-M¾-Dz-TÛG-¾-¼P-hzP-fôz-qü

¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-M¾-Dz-¾-Ÿïm-q-h;¼-ŸÛP-¿ËG-zÅ¤-hG-qºÛ-¿e-¾ÞGÅü

Å-V-hP-z ô̧-IÔºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-M¾-Dz-TÛG-GÛ-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GÛ-º²Ûm-BôP-ºôG-¾ïm-qü

¼P-zŸÛm-VôÅ-ZÛh- Û̂-hGï-¤±m-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛ-fôz-fP-GP-¼ÞP.ü

xÛ-M¾-HÛ-¤Û-¾-¤Û-Åï¼-HÛ-fôz-fP-hP-zhG-hzP-°ô¾-fzÅü

ºV¤-¤fÞm-»ôP-xÛ¼-IôÅ-ÇkÝ¼-‚ïh-qü

EÛ¤-±P-GÛ-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-V-mÅ-±ôP-hP-Vz-ÆÛh- Û̂-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-mP-xôGÅ-Ÿïm-‚ïh-qºÛ-¾ÞGÅ-ÁÛG

M¾-Dz-GŸm-hG-wm-±ßm-h¤G-ºFâG-MG-qºÛ-mP-¤Û-ŸÝGÅ-qºÛ-M¾-Dz-TÛG-GÛ-ÆÛh-WâÅ-Å¤-GmÅ-zzÅü


nihilism

nobility

non-alignedmovement

non-intervention

nonpartisan

non-proliferation

nonviolence

nuclear family

Vh-¿eü

Ç+Ý-iG

xôGÅ-OÛ¾-ÇtPÅ-qºÛ-OÛG-º²âGÅü

fï-‚ãÅ-¤Û-‚ïh-qü

xôGÅ-¤ïhü

lÝ¾-¤±ôm-Ez-Gh¾-±ôh-º²Ûmü

º±ï-¤ïh-ŸÛ-zü º±ï-z-¤ïh-qü

lÝ¾-¤±ôm-EÛ¤-±P.ü

hqï¼-m-ÅÞ-²¼-¾m- Û̂-¿e-zÞü

Gbm-ºzïzÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-OÛG-º²âGÅ-hP-FÛ¤Å-Æô¾-¼ÛGÅ-¾-PôÅ-¾ïm-¯-z-mÅ-¤Û-‚ïh-qºÛ-„ÀôºÛ-º²Ûm-ÇePÅü

M¾-Dz-TÛG-mP-»ôh-qºÛ-Ç+Ý-iG-GÛ-¼ÛGÅ-Å¤-¤Û-iG-GÛ-Çkïü

±ôGÅ-¤Û-M¾-Dz-n¤Å-h¤G-hôm-¤mº-ºƒï¾-HÛ-DôPÅ-GP-¾ºP-¤Û-GbôGÅ-qºÛ-M¾-Dz-zM-¿ËG-GÛÅ-Iâz-qºÛ-OÛG-º²âGÅ-ÁÛG

M¾-Dz-GŸm-HÛ-¾Å-hôm-m¤ü M¾-Dz-GŸm-¾-zhG-qºÛ-Vz-ÆÛh- Û̂-¤Pº-DôPÅ-ÅÞ-fï-GbôGÅ-¤Û-‚ïh-qºÛ-M¾-Dz-Û̂-ÆâP-Çkô¤ü

ÆÛh-hôm-±ôGÅ-q-GP-GÛºP-DôPÅ-ÅÞ-¤Û-GbôGÅ-qü

lÝ¾-ym-¤±ôm-V-Ez-Gh¾-ºIô-z¼-±ôh-º²Ûm-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-IôÅ-¤fÞmü

º±ï-z-Tm-HÛ-iG-qôºÛ-‚-uôh-hP-ƒ¾-zü

lÝ¾-ym-¤±ôm-V-»ôPÅ-IGÅ-ÅÞ-GZï¼-¤Dm-HÛ-M¾-Dz-¿S-¾-Gô-Çeïü Í-¼Û-

Administration 10 º²Ûm-BôP-ü

obscenity

obsolescence

oligarchy

oligopoly

olive branch

ombudsman

one world order

±ß¾-¤Ûm-HÛ-uôh-qü º²ï¤Å-¤ïh-ºV¾-uôhü

zïh-¤ïh-¼P-zŸÛmü

ZÝP-º²Ûm-ÆÛh-GŸÝP.ü

Dï-hzP-ZÝP-º²Ûm-Fô¤-¼ü

Íô-¾Ûz-»¾-G ŸÛ-zhï-¤±ôm-dGÅü

Zm-hqômü

º²¤-JÀÛP-GTÛG-Hã¼-ºIô-¾ÞGÅü

hP.ü ÍÞ-¼Þ-ÅÞü ÍÛm-»Þ¾ü w-¼m-ÅÛü M-mG-zTÅ-»Ûmü

±ß¾-¤Ûm-zG-¤ïh- Û̂-uôh-±ß¾ü

¤Dô-¤ïh-hÝ-ºHã¼-zºÛ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-Å¤-zMãh-¼Û¤ü

hzP-V-V-±P-¤Û-ZÝP-ÁÅ-ÁÛG-G¤ühzP-ÁÝGÅ-¿km-qºÛ-I¾-¼Û¤-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-º²Ûm-qºÛ-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-ŸÛG

Dï-¾Å-¤Z¤-ºhÝÅ-Å¤ü ;¤-q-mÛ-D-ÁÅ-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-PïÅ-Tm-HÛ-z ô̧-IÔ-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-ºIm-ÇkÝ¼-hP-hzP-º²Ûm-‚ïh-qºÛ-Fô¤-¼ºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-ÁÛG

wm-±ßm-ºFâG- ô̄h-¤Û-‚ïh-q¼-¤±ôm-qºÛ-Íô-¾Ûz-ÇkôP-qôºÛ-»¾-G

¤Û-Åï¼-ÇKï¼-HÛÅ-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GÛ-ÆÛ-ŸÝ-z-GŸm-hG-G¤ü ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GÛ-»m-¾G-¾Å-DÞPÅ-DG-¾-Bôm-zXôh-‚ïh-q¼-Zm-ºWôG-hP-hrh-ŸÛz-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-GŸÝP-ŸzÅü

º²¤-JÀÛP-GÛ-Fô¤-¼-hP-±ôP-¾Å-fh-wm-±ßm-zdïm-¼ïÅ- Û̂-n¤-q-Vï-¼Þ-


open society

opportunism

oppression

orthodoxy

outlays

pacifism

pact

GÝ-»PÅ-uÛ-±ôGÅü

Ç+zÅ-º±ô¾-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü Gô-Ç+zÅ-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü

iG-Gmômü

½‰ÛP-Ÿïmü

Iôm-hPÞ¾ü Iôm-ºV¼ü

ŸÛ-¬-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü

Gm-Mü ¤fÞm-IôÅü

GbôP-Vïhü Ez-±h-hP-¾G-¾ïm-HÛ-V-mÅ-M¾-uÛºÛ-¼P-zŸÛm-Tm-HÛ-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-º²âGÅ-qü

¼P-hzP-hP-VôÅ-¾ÞGÅ-GÝ-»PÅ- Û̂-Oô¤-GŸÛ-¿km-qºÛ-uÛ-±ôGÅ-ÁÛG

Vz-ÆÛh-hP-±ôP-hômü ¤Û-ÇKï¼-HÛ-‚-GŸG-ÅôGÅ-zOæz-q¼-¾G-¾ïm-hP-fG-GTôh- Û̂-ÆÛh-WâÅ-bïü Ç+zÅ-zz-hP-zÇeàm-Mã-¾Å-z¸P-uôh- Û̂-¾¤-Æô¾-hP-ºG¾-¤Ûm-¾-¤Û-z¿e-zü

GZº-Gmôm-hP-ü ÇkÝG- ç̄zü iP-zhïm-¤Ûm-qºÛ-‚-uôh-¾G-zÇe¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-hzP-º²Ûm-m¤-ÇeôzÅ-ÁÝGÅü

ÇS¼-»ôh-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-¾-Ÿïm-VGÅ- Û̂-º²Ûm-ÇePÅ-Å¤-¾G-¾ïmü

¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-Vïhü ºIô-ÅôP-P¤-ºIô-Iôm-HÛ-ºV¼-GŸÛü

ºfz-ºFâG-G¤-iG-uôh- Û̂-¼ÛGÅ-¤Û-»ôP-z¼-ºzh-qºÛ-zÅ¤-„Àôü

IôÅ-¤fÞm-hP.ü Gm-Mº¤-fÞm-¤ôP-GÛ-IôÅ-hômü

Administration 12 º²Ûm-BôP-üpanacea

paramilitary

parliament

party line

passive resistance

passport

1ü uÛ-ºWô¤Åü2ü ;Ým-Åï¾-fzÅ-¾¤ü mh-zM-Ç̈m-GTÛG

hqÞP-h¤G IzÅ-h¤G

uÛ-ºfÞÅ-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü IôÅ-±ôGÅü

±ôGÅ-qºÛ-¾PÅ-xôGÅü

ºW¤-Lô¾ü

xÛ¼-Bôh-¾¤-»ÛG xÛ¼-Bôh-¾G-Eï¼ü

1ü ¼Û¤Å-mh-h¤-m-±-uÛ-¾-wm-qºÛ-zTôÅ-fzÅ-ÁÛG2ü h;º-Gmh-h¤-h;º-½‰ôG-±P-¤-Åï¾-fÞz-qºÛ-fzÅ-ÁïÅü

h¤G-hqÞP-¿e¼-OÛG-º²âGÅ-‚Å-ˆP-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-h¤G-hqÞP-GÛ-DôPÅ-ÅÞ-¤Û-GbôGÅ-qºÛ-hqÞP-Çkï-ŸÛG

M¾-Dz-z¤-¤Û-¤P-GÛ-Vz-ÆÛh-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-hôm-hÝ-ºfÞÅ-¤Û-¿Ëm-±ôGÅ-ÁÛG-Çeïïü hÝÅ-Mãm-VïÅ-¤fôºÛ-FÛ¤Å-z ô̧-¿Ëm-DP-¾-Gôü

Vz-ÆÛh-±ôGÅ-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-fÞm-¤ôP-GÛ-¾PÅ-xôGÅ-Å¤-ÆÛh-WâÅü

¤Z¤-¾Å-¤Û-‚ïh-q-ÅôGÅ-º±ï-¤ïh-ŸÛ-zºÛ-fzÅ-¾¤-GŸm-HÛ-ÇKô-mÅüÆÛh-GŸÝP-ŸÛG-G¤-hïÅ-Gbm-¾-wz-qºÛ-FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ-¾-D-Gbh-GTôG-qü hqï¼-mü hq¾-º‚ô¼-xÛ¼-¿kôG-‚ïh-q-hP-Pô-Lô¾-Gô¤-zIôh-¿e-zÞü

M¾-Dz-GŸm-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-ŸÝGÅ-qº¤ü M¾-Dz-TÛG-mÅ-fôm-Ç+zÅ-¤fôP-¤Vm-ŸÝ-vôh-‚ïh-ÅºÛ-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-HÛ-Pô-vôh-¾G-hïzü

13Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üpatrician

patrimony

patriotism

patronage

peacefulcoexistence

peer

¤Û-iG Ç+Ý-iG

w-GŸÛÅü

M¾-GTïÅ-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅüM¾-Ÿïm-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü

¤Gô-ºhômü

ŸÛ-¤fÞm-¤Z¤-GmÅü ŸÛ-zhï-¤Z¤-GmÅü

¼P-¤Z¤ü Ç+¾-¤Z¤ü

¤Û-hzP-P¤-Gô-GmÅ-¤fô-zºÛ-¤Û-Çeï-Ç+Ý-iG-GÛ-¼ÛGÅü

¼P-GÛ-wº¤-¤ïÅ-qô-±ôÅ-zMãh-vôh-‚Å-qºÛ-GŸÛÅ-;

¼P-GÛ-M¾-Dz-¾-Mz-Bô¼-hP-ÆâP-Bôz-‚ïh-qºÛ-„ÀôÅ-GbôP-M¾-Ÿïm-HÛ-ºhÝ-ÁïÅü

Vz-ÆÛh- Û̂-¿e-±ß¾-z Þ̧P-Çeï-±ôGÅ-q-ŸÛG-G¤ü ÆÛh-hôm-HÛ-¾Å-hôm-GP-¼ÞP-¾-Mz-Bô¼-‚ïh-¤Dm-±ô¼-¾Å-GmÅ-vôh-q-hP-hGôÅ-ºhÝm-ÅôGÅ-Ç+ôP-fzÅ-‚ïh-qü

Vz-ÆÛh- Û̂-¿e-Iâz-hP-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ- Û̂-Eh-q¼-Vïm-qô-»ôh-qºÛ-M¾-Dz-wm-±ßm-hz¼-º²Ûm-qºÛ-ŸÛ-zºÛ-ÆÛh-WâÅ-Å¤ü h¤G-ºFÞG-¤ïh-qºÛ-ºIm-ô̄h- Û̂-GmÅ-ÇePÅü h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-h¤¼-ÁôG-hP-h¤¼-ÁôG-¤Ûm-qºÛ-M¾-Dz-±ôºÛ-hz¼-º²Ûm-qºÛ-ÆÛh-WâÅü

ºWôm-fP-hP-ü ÁïÅ-±hü ¾ô-müMz-¿YôPÅü uÛ-±ôGÅ- Û̂-GmÅ-zzÅ-ÅôGÅ-;Ým-HÛ-fh-mÅ-GŸm-hP-ºi-¤Z¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-¤Û-ŸÛG

Administration 14 º²Ûm-BôP-üplanned economy

plebiscite

plenipotentiary

plutocracy

point of order

polarization

ºV¼-¿km-hq¾-º‚ô¼ü

1ü ¤P-¤ôÅ-ºôÅ-ÁôG2ü ¤P-¤ôÅ-fG-GTôh-ºôÅ-ÁôG

hzP-±h-»ôh-qºÛ-Ç+Ý-±zü

xãG-qôºÛ-hzP-Nå¼ü xãG-GŸÝP.ü

¾Å-¼Û¤-n¤-GŸG

¿kôG-¹¼-HïÅ-qü

fôm-Bïh-hP-zGô-ºIï¤Åü ¼Ûm-GôP-ÅôGÅ-¾-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GÛÅ-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-hP-hô-h¤-‚ïh-qºÛ-hq¾-º‚ô¼-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-ÁÛG

1ü M¾-Dz-z¤-¤Pº-ÇkïºÛ-¤Û-¤P-±ôÅ-G¾-VïºÛ-GmÅ-hôm-D-ÁÅ-¾-GŸÛGÅ-mÅ-ºôÅ-ºwïm-HÛ-V-Aïm-¿km-q-hG-GÛÅ-fh-;¼-ºwïm-qºÛ-ºôÅ-ÁôG2ü ÆÛh- Û̂-GôP-zÞ-GTÛG-bà-GbôGÅ-qºÛ-¤Û-¤P-±ôÅ-¼P-ÆÛh-¼P-BôP-‚-Mãº¤ü »P-m-M¾-Dz-GŸm-ŸÛG-GÛ-¤Pº-DôPÅ-ÅÞ-ŸÝGÅ-Å¤-¤Û-ŸÝGÅ- Û̂-fG-GTôh- Û̂-ºôÅ-ÁôG

ÆÛh-GŸÝP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Pô-±z-‚Å-bï-¾Å-hôm-Oæz-qºÛ-hzP-±h-V-±P-°¾-zºÛ-¤Û-Çoü

xãG-qôÅ-hzP-zNå¼-qºÛ-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-ŸÛG-G¤ü º‚ô¼-xãG-¿km-qºÛ-¤Û-Ç+ô¼-TÛG-GÛÅ-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-‚ïh-qºÛ-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-ŸÛG

IôÅ-±ôGÅ- Û̂-¯-º²Ûm-FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ-¿e¼-¾G-zÇe¼-‚ïh- Û̂-»ôh-¤ïh-fh-ºiÛ-¯h-‚ïh-qü

¤Û-ºzô¼-hP-Çkï-±m-HÛ-Pô-zô¼-ºG¾-


police state

political asylum

political theory

politicization

politics

populism

possession

post mortem

Zïm-dôG-ÆÛh-GŸÝP.ü

Vz-ÆÛh-BzÅ-zTô¾ü

Vz-ÆÛh- Û̂Û-n¤-GŸG

Vz-ÆÛh- Û̂-Pô-zô¼-Nå¼-zü

ÆÛh-hômü Vz-ÆÛh-¼ÛG-qü

¤P-Ÿïm-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü

zhG-hzP.ü zhG-z Þ̧P.ü

qÞ¼-ŸÛzü ¼ô-hrhü

¹-Vï-zºÛ-h‚ï-zGô-‚ïh-qü

M¾-Dz-z¤-¤Pº-Çkï-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-Zïm-dôG-q-¾-zdïm-mÅ-º²Ûm-BôP-‚ïh-qºÛ-iG-ÁÝ¾-Vï-zºÛ-GŸÝP-ŸÛG

M¾-Dz-GŸm-mÅ-»ôP-zºÛ-ÆÛh-hôm-HÛ-BzÅ-zTô¾-z-±ô¼-BzÅ-zTô¾-ÅºÛ-M¾-Dz- Û̂Å-ÆâP-Bôz-‚ïh-ÇePÅü

M¾-Dz-GTÛG-G¤-±ôGÅ-Çkï-ŸÛG-GÛ-zÅ¤-„Àô¼-zNå¼-zTôÅ-GbôP-‚ïh- Û̂-¾¤-Çeôm-ŸÛG

ÆÛh-hôm-HÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-mP-ŸÝGÅ-qº¤-ÆÛh-hôm-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-fh-IôÅ-ÇkÝ¼-‚ïh-qü

M¾-Dz-GTÛG-G¤ü Å-DÞ¾-ŸÛG-º²Ûm-BôP-‚ïh-±ß¾-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-fzÅ-±ß¾-hP-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-DG

¤Û-Åï¼-h ã̂Å-¤ºÛ-Dï-wm-hP-¤fÞm-qºÛ-ºV¼-¿km-HÛ-ºzôh-Ç+Ý¾-ŸÛG-¾-GŸÛ-zTô¾-zºÛ-ÆÛh-hôm-HÛ-ºfz-WâÅ-ÁÛG

M¾-Dz-TÛG-GÛÅ-zhG-bà-z Þ̧P-zºÛ-Å-Eôm-HÛ-¤Pº-fP-ü

ºVÛ-Aïm-º±ô¾-Vïh-ÁÛ-zºÛ-wÞP-qô¼-zdG-


pragmatic

preamble

precedence

prejudice

preliminaryestimate

hôm-hPôÅ- Û̂ü D-fôG-¾G-zŸG

ÇSôm-JÀïP.ü

‚ãP-hqïü ÇSôm-‚ãP.ü ¤ÛG-¿eôÅü

ºDôm-Åï¤Åü xôGÅ-¿ËàP.ü

1ü ¼ôz- Û̄Å-xÛ-¤ü2ü ÇSôm-ºIôºÛ-±ôh-hqG

qºÛ-Ç̈m-hrh-TÛG

ºV¼-ÇoP-®¤-¤-»Ûm-q¼-hPôÅ-»ôh-hP-¾G-¾ïm-¾-GŸÛGÅ-bï-‚-GŸG-¼ÛGÅ-Oæz-qü

FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ-ÁÛG-G¤ü ¯-FÛ¤Å-ÁÛG-GÛ-hGôÅ-h¤ÛGÅ-ºIï¾-zÁh-‚ïh-qºÛ-JÀïP-GŸÛ-ŸÛG

¤Û-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-¤-ºôPÅ-q¼-»P-zB¼-¾Å-hôm-hï-hP-ºi-z-ŸÛG-Oæz-ºhôh-»ôh-q¼-hqï-¤±ôm-hÝ-z;ô¾-zºÛ-fG-GTôh-h¤-‚-uôh-TÛG

¼ÛGÅ-Mãh-hP-VôÅ-¾ÞGÅ-¤Û-ºi-zºÛ-¤Û-¾-ÇkP-Åï¤Å-º²Ûm-qº¤-¤Û-hGº-z¼-‚ïh-qü

1ü ¹-z-GÅÞ¤-¼ïºÛ-M¾-mP-fôm-Bïh-xôGÅ-zÇkô¤Å- Û̄Å-MG-Ç+zÅ-ºhÅ-¤-fG-qºÛ-hÝÅ-»Þm-HÛ-¼ôz- Û̄Å-GZÛÅ-qü hï-mÛ-w¾-Vï¼-¹-GÅÞ¤-¼ï-μôGÅ-XïÅ-ÅÞ-¹-z-GZÛÅ-®¤-HÛ-¤±¤Å-ÅÞ-ºIï¤Å-Çtï¾-‚ïhü2ü ¾Å-ºV¼-ŸÛG-ºGô-º²âGÅ-¤-‚Å-GôP-hô-zhG-¾-vôh-MãºÛ-Vïh-z ô̧Å-qºÛ-¼ôz- Û̄Å-ÁÛG hï-¾-xÛ-mP-GÛ-Aïm-hP-xôGÅ-Åô-ÅôºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-


prerogative

prestige

price controls

prime minister

quadruplicate

qualification

¼P-VÅ- Û̂-Dï-hzP.ü

Ç‰m-IGÅü Vï-¤fôPü

GôP-±h-ÇePÅ-º²Ûmü

ÆÛh-„Àômü

1ü zŸÛ-Nå¼-GbôP-zºÛü zŸÛ-¿kz-z ô̧-zºÛü2ü (»ÛG-V-ÅôGÅ-)ºi-zŸÛü3ü zŸÛ-VG

1ü ÁïÅ-±hü2ü ºôÅ-VôÅü

¾-¿eôÅ-bï-ºHã¼-z-ºIô-PïÅ-»Ûmü

¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-GmÅ-zzÅ- Û̂-V-mÅ-‚-GŸG-GP-ŸÛG-Oæz-VôG-qºÛ-fôz-fP-»ôh-qü

‚-GŸG-¾ïGÅ-Iâz-‚ãP-zÅ-¤Û-n¤Å-Û̂Å-GÝÅ-z Û̄-hP-zÇSGÅ-zXôh-‚ïh-qü

¼Ûm-fP-ºw¼-zºÛ-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-hPôÅ- ô̧G-hP-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-GôP-±h-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GÛ-FÛ¤Å-hP-OÛG-GŸÛü

M¾-Dz-D-ÁÅ-mP-¤Û-¤P-±ôÅ-ºôÅ-ºhï¤Å-‚Å-qºÛ-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GÛ-hzÞ-FÛhü

1ü hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¿kz-zŸÛ¼-zNå¼-zº¤-Çtï¾-zºÛü2ü »ÛG-V-Pô-¤-GP-ŸÛG-hP-GTÛG-¤±ßPÅ- Û̂-Pô-ºi-zŸÛ-Vü3ü GTÛG-¤±ßPÅ- Û̂-hPôÅ-qô-Pô-ºi-zŸÛºÛ-±m-qü

1ü ÇÀôz-GZï¼-¼¤-»ÛG-MãGÅ-ÅôGÅ-¤f¼-xÛm-q¼-Çeôm-qºÛ-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-HÛ-»ÛG-V-ŸÛG2ü ¾Å-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-q-GP-ŸÛG-¾-ºôÅ-zz- Û̂-Vïh-hÝ-Bï-zô-ŸÛG-¾-»ôh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-ÁïÅ-ºWôm-hP-Z¤Å-¥ôP-¿e-zÞºÛ-Eh-VôÅü

Administration 18 º²Ûm-BôP-üqualifying widow

qualitative

qualitativeresearch

quarantine

quash

ºôÅ-VôÅ-±P-zºÛ-»ÞG-¸-¤ü

ÇtäÅ-;ºÛü ÇtäÅ-±h- Û̂ü

ÇtäÅ-±h-Z¤Å-ŸÛzü

ºGôG-h‚ï- Þ̧¼-ºWôG

1ü Û̄Å-¤ïh-GbôP-zü2ü Mãm-GTôh-qü

¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-z¸º-¹-ºhÅ-IôPÅ-ÅÞ-xÛm-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-¿e-zÞºÛ-ºôG ¾ô-hïºÛ-F¾-ºzz-vôh-¤Û-hGôÅ-qºÛ-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-VG-»PÅ-fôz-qºÛ-ºôÅ-zz-»ôh-qºÛ-zÞh-¤ïhü

hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼-¼¤üzôPÅ-±h-ÅôGÅ-¾Å-GŸm-hÝ-mP-DôPÅ- Û̂-Eh-VôÅ-hP-¼Ûm-fP-ÇtäÅ-±h-ÅôGÅ-¾ïGÅ-qºÛ-V-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛü

OÛG-º²âGÅ-ÁÛG-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-±ôGÅ-¤Û-n¤Å- Û̂-±ôGÅ-qºÛ-fh-¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-Åï¤Å-DÞ¼-hP-ü zÅ¤-„ÀôºÛ-ºEï¼-Åôü GÁÛÅ-uôh-ÅôGÅ-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-Fô¤-¼ºÛ-ŸÛz-ºWâG

mh-n¤Å-Ez-Gh¾-ºGôG-Vïh-hÝ-¤Ûº¤-hÝh-ºIô-mh-qü »P-m-mh-»ôh-q¼-hôGÅ-q-GP-ŸÛG-Å-DÞ¾-‚ï-ƒG-TÛG-bà- Þ̧¼-ºWôG-‚ïh-qºÛ-hÝÅ-»Þmü

1ü FÛ¤Å-DP-GÛÅ-fG-GTôh-GP-‚Å-q-ŸÛG-¾-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-HÛÅ- Û̄Å-ºIô-¤ïh-qº¤-mô¼-z¼-zXôh-qü2ü ¤Þ-¤fÞh-hÝ-¤Û-º‚ãP-Vïh-z;G-ºGôG-‚ïh-qü

19Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üquasi-judicial

quasi-publiccorporation.

quaterly

quatrain

quayage

quell

quest

FÛ¤Å-hqôm-HÛ-hzP-±h-hP-ºi-zºÛü

GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-hP-ºi-zºÛ-uÛ-Ez-;¤-q-aÛü

¹-z-GÅÞ¤-¼ïºÛü

±ÛGÅ-zTh-@P-zŸÛü

Iâ-DºÛ-ºzz-ÇeïGÅ- Û̂-JÀü

1ü z®m-fzÅ- Û̂Å-ºGôG-qü2ü ŸÛ-z¼-‚ïh-qü GhÝ¾-zü

XïÅ-º±ô¾ü

FÛ¤Å-DP-ŸÛG-GÛ-FÛ¤Å-hqôm-HÛ-fG-GTôh- Û̂-mÝÅ-qº¤ü hzP-V-hï-hP-È-¾¤-GTÛG-¤±ßPÅ-¿km-qºÛ-fG-GTôh- Û̂-hzP-±hü

GŸÝP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Pô-±z-z¤ü hïºÛ-¼ôGÅ-Bô¼-fôG-mÅ-¤Û-¤P-ÇKï¼-qÅ-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-‚ïh-qºÛ-uÛ-Ez-;¤-q-aÛ-ŸÛG

¾ô-ºDô¼-GTÛG-mP-¹-z-GÅÞ¤-¼ï-fôG-ºV¼-Tm-HÛÅü ¿Ëm-±ôGÅ- Û̂-±ôGÅ-ºhÝº¤-hÝÅ-hïz-¿e-zÞ-T-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-q¼-ºIï¤Å-‚ïh-±ß¾ü

@P-q-zŸÛ-Tm-HÛ-Ç‰m-PG-GÛ-±ÛGÅ-zTh-Áô-¾ô-;-¿e-zÞ-ŸÛG

Iâ-D¼-Iâ-G Û̧PÅ-n¤Å-hô-qô-ºWâG-ºhôm-Vïh-Iâ-DºÛ-ºzz-ÇeïGÅ-zïh-uh-q¼-Iâ-zhG-Åô-ÅôÅ-ºW¾-hGôÅ-qºÛ-JÀ-ŸÛG

1ü h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-iG-qôºÛ-fzÅ-¾¤-HÛ-ÇKô-mÅ- Û̧P-ºFâG-hP-Pô-Lô¾-¿e-zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-z;G-Çkô¤-‚ïh-qü2ü ¼P-ZÛh-¾-Åï¤Å-º±z-„Àô-hôGÅ-¿e-zÞ-¤Û-BÛh-qºÛ-±ô¼-z-»P-hÝ-GbôP-zº¤-ŸÛ-z¼-‚ïh-qü

¤f¼-fÞG-GÛ-ÁïÅ-‚º¤-zhïm-q-¿e-zÞ-½‰ïh-


question time

questionnaire

quick assets

quiz

quiz contest

quo warranto

quorate

iÛ-zºÛ-hÝÅ-±ôhü

iÛ-¯h-¼ïºÞ-¤ÛG

Nå¼-ÇÀºÛ-D¼-hzP-ü

iÛ-¯hü

iÛ-¯h-ºIm-ÇkÝ¼ü

hzP-±h-hG-Bï¾ü

IPÅ-±h-¾ôP-zºÛü

q¼-h;º-zºÛ-Eh-VôÅ-z¸P-qô-n¤Å-»Þm-¼ÛP-º±ô¾-ŸÛz-‚ïh-±ß¾ü

IôÅ-±ôGÅ-ºfÞÅ-¤Û-n¤Å- Û̂Å-¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-GŸÝP-GÛ-„Àôm-Vïm-DG-¾-iÛ-z-GbôP-zºÛ-ZÛm-¼ïºÛ-hÝÅ-±ôh-‚ï-ƒG-TÛG

GmÅ-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-TÛG-GÛ-fôG-¾-GmÅ-±ß¾-¤Dô-Oæz-Vïh-¤P-±ôGÅ-¾-iÛ-¯h-‚-MãºÛ-fô-GŸÝP-ŸÛG

hPÞ¾-AP-hP-hPÞ¾-h¤¼-fôG-D-Nå¼-‚ïh-ÇÀ-zºÛ-D¼-hzP-GŸm-DG

iÛ-¯h- Û̂-¾¤-mÅ-w-¼ô¾-qôºÛ-Mãh-¾-»ôm-bm-WÛ-®¤-¿km-¤Ûm-zdG-fzÅ-ÁÛG

w-¼ô¾-qôºÛ-Mãh-¾-»ôm-bm-WÛ-®¤-¿km-¤Ûm-±ôh-º²Ûm-hqôG-fzÅ-ÅÞ-iÛ-¯h- Û̂-¾¤-mÅ-ºGôh-qºÛ-ºIm-ÇkÝ¼-ŸÛG

¾Å-Çoï-GP-ŸÛG-¾G-zÇe¼-‚-ºfÞÅ-VôG-qºÛ-hzP-±h-hG-Bï¾-hGôÅ-qºÛ-FÛ¤Å-DP-GÛ-z;º-ÁôG

±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-ŸÛG-º±ôGÅ-fÞz-qº¤üGmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-fG-GTôh-fÞz-qºÛ-


quorum

quota

quotation

quote

quotient

hGôÅ-PïÅ-IPÅ-±hü

1ü fôz-Vü IPÅ-zThü2ü ±h-z;G-ºôÅ-IPÅü

1ü ¾ÞP-ºiïmü2ü GôP-±hü

¾ÞP-ºiïm-‚ïh-qü ¾ÞP-iPÅ-qü

zGôÅ-fôzü

hzP-±h-Vïh-hGôÅ-PïÅ- Û̂-±ôGÅ-¤ÛºÛ-ZÝP-¤fºÛ-IPÅ-±h-¾ôP-zºÛü

±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-ŸÛG-º±ôGÅ-fÞz-qº¤ü »P-m-GmÅ-hôm-ŸÛG-fG-GTôh-fÞz-q¼-ZÝP-¤f¼-hGôÅ-PïÅ- Û̂-ºfÞÅ-¤ÛºÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼ü

1ü Bï-zôºÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼-¾-GŸÛ-zTô¾-zºÛ-GŸÝP-ŸÛG-GÛ-VôG-¤Vm-ºôG-ºfôz-MãºÛ-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-IPÅ-±h-TÛG2ü ºôÅ-GŸÛ-GP-ŸÛG-ºhï¤Å-fôm-Vïh-ºôÅ-¤Û-¼P-ZÛh-¾-PïÅ-q¼-fôz-hGôÅ-qºÛ-ºôÅ- Û̂-IPÅ-;

1ü hqï-hïz-z¤- ô̄¤-»ÛG-hÝÅ-hïz-¿e-zÞ¼-DÞPÅ-¾ÞP-hP-Mz-dïm-Vïh-Gb¤-zÁh-hP- ô̄¤-»ÛG-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-hÝ¤-zÞü2ü ¾Å-;º¤-hPôÅ-qô-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-¾-ºIô-Iôm-m¤-¼Ûm-GôP-WÛ-®¤-»Ûm-¤Ûm-HÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-ŸÛz-yü

GP-¸G-GŸm-HÛÅ-ƒÛÅ-qºÛ-Ç‰m- ô̄¤-¤¤-Gb¤-zÁh-ÅôGÅ-WÛ-¤-WÛ-zŸÛm-zB¼-¹ôÅ-‚ïh-qü

Û̄Å-GŸÛºÛ-fôG-ÍP-IPÅ-GTÛG-ÍP-IPÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-zGôÅ-mÅ-fôz-qºÛ-fôz-IPÅ-ÁÛG

Administration 22 º²Ûm-BôP-üracism

radical

ratification

ration card

rationing

reactionary

reagan doctrine

¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-ºfïm-Eï¼ü

¯-Gbô¼-¬-zü ©P-zTôÅ-qü

Mz-Çoôm-VôG-¤Vmü

z¸º-ºƒâºÛ-¾G-hïzü ¤Dô-vôh-¾G-hïzü

¤Dô-vôh-±ôh-º²Ûmü

¾ôG-uôh-qü

¼Û-JËm-¿e-Iâzü

¼ÛGÅ-Mãh-GŸm-hG-¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-¼ÛGÅ-Mãh-¾Å-h¤m-q¼-¿e-zº¤ü¼ÛGÅ-Mãh-‚ï-ƒG-q-GŸm-HÛ-DôPÅ-ÅÞ-GbôGÅ-qºÛ-¤Û-±ô¼-z½‰Å-zTôÅ-‚ïh-qü

uÛ-±ôGÅ-hP-Vz-ÆÛh-fh-ºHã¼-¿kôG-Vïm-qô-ŸÛG-GbôP-hGôÅ-qºÛ-¿e-±ß¾-¾-Mz-Bô¼-‚ïh-¤Dmü

M¾-Dz-TÛG-GÛÅ-zŸG-qºÛ-VÛPÅ-»ÛG-GP-ŸÛG-¾-M¾-Dz-hïºÛ-FÛ¤Å-z ô̧-¿Ëm-DP-GÛ-ºfÞÅ-¤ÛºÛ-¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-¤ôÅ-¤fÞmü

z¸º-ºƒâºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-Zô-VôG-qºÛ-hqP-»ÛG-¾G-hïz-TÛG

Zï¼-¤DôºÛ-hPôÅ- ô̧G-¼ÛGÅ-h;ôm-qºÛ-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-Zô-VôG-qºÛ-fôz-fP-¾-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-‚ïh-qü

Vz-ÆÛh-hP-uÛ-±ôGÅ- Û̂-»¼-MÅ-ºIô-z¼-Pô-Lô¾ü

Í-¼ÛºÛ-ÆÛh-º²Ûm-¼Û-JËm-¤VôG-GÛ-Vz-ÆÛh- Û̂-¿e-¾ÞGÅ-bïü h¤¼-xôGÅ-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅ-¾-D-Gbh-‚ïh-qºÛ-GÅ¼-


realism

rebellion

recession

redistribution

referendum

reform

refugee

hPôÅ-»ôh-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü hPôÅ-zhïm-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü

Hïm-¾ôG Hïm-¾PÅü

hq¾-º‚ô¼-Z¤Å-LÝhü

zB¼-zGôü

¤P-¤ôÅ-ºôÅ-zÇkÝü

¾ïGÅ-zTôÅü

BzÅ-zTô¾-zü

zXï-¼ÛGÅ-¾-Í-¼ÛºÛ-PôÅ-mÅ-Mz-Bô¼-‚ïh-q-ŸÛG

GmÅ-zzÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-hôm-hPôÅ-¾-»Ûh-VïÅ-hP-hP-¾ïm-‚ïh-qü º‚ãP-ºHã¼-HÛ-hÝÅ-ÅÞ-¤Pôm-hÝ-ºHã¼-Mã-¤ïh-qºÛ-hôm-GmÅ-¾-¼ï-z-¤Û-‚ïh-qü

GÅ¼-zXï-‚ïh-q-hP-ºi-z¼-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-P¤-hzP-º²Ûm-¾-iG-qôºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-Hïm-¾ôG-‚ïh-qü

M¾-Dz-TÛG-GÛ-hq¾-º‚ô¼-¾¤-¿ËôP-¤ïh-qºÛ-hÝÅ-Ç+zÅ-ÁÛG

M¾-Dz-TÛG-GÛ-Mã-mô¼-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GÛÅ-zB¼-hÝ-zGô-ºIï¤Å-‚ïh-qü

¤Û-¤P-GÛ-Dï-wm-¾-h¤ÛGÅ-qºÛ-GmÅ-hôm-ŸÛG-fG-GTôh-Vïh-¤Û-¤P-mÅ-fh-;¼-ºôÅ-ÁôG-ºwïm-hÝ-ºWâG-qü

»ôh-zŸÛm-qºÛ-GmÅ-hôm-ŸÛG-¾-zNå¼-zTôÅ-GbôP-zº¤-¾ïGÅ-zTôÅ-‚ïh-qü

h¤G-ºFâG-G¤ü ¼P-‚ãP-GÛ-Gmôh-º±ï-ÅôGÅ- Û̂Å-¼P-»Þ¾-hP-D-ƒ¾-bï-»Þ¾-GŸm-¾-BzÅ-zTô¾-hÝ-ºIô-hGôÅ-fÞG-qºÛ-¤Ûü

Administration 24 º²Ûm-BôP-üregionalism

rehabilitate

relative

relativeimpediment

relativeperformancecompensation

relaxation

release time

1ü Å-DÞ¾-h‚ï-º‚ïh-¿e-¾ÞGÅü2ü ¾ÞP-Ÿïmü

ÇÀ¼-GÅô-‚ïh-qü

1ü GZïm-±mü2ü ¿eôÅ-zTÅ- Û̂ü

GP-¸G-¾-¿eôÅ-qºÛ-GïGÅü

¾Å-Vôh-JÀ-ºzzü

GÝ-»PÅü

ÇKï¼-uôh-hÝÅ-±ôhü

1ü IôP-Eï¼-hP-¤Pº-Çkï-ÅôGÅ-n¤-q-¤Û-ºi-zºÛ-Å-GmÅ-º²Ûm-BôP-GÛ-Pô-zô¼-h‚ï-zGô-‚ïh-qºÛ-¾¤-¾ÞGÅü2ü ¼P-ZÛh-Å-DÞ¾-GP-hÝ-GbôGÅ-qºÛ-Å-GmÅ-¾-zTPÅ-qºÛ-¾-Ÿïmü

ÇSôm-HÛ-Gô-GmÅ-Å¤-Gô-zzÅ-zB¼-GÅô-‚ïh-qü

1ü Á-FG-G¤-GZïm-OÛG-GÛ-ºƒï¾-z-Tm-HÛ-GP-¸G2ü hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-hP-ºƒï¾-z-»ôh-qºÛü

GïGÅ-z¼-Vh-h¤ü ZïÅ-Bôm-GP-¼ÞP-ŸÛG-GÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-Bï-zô-Vï-Gï-¤ô-hP-GZïm-OÛG-‚ïh-¤Û-VôG-qºÛ-±ß¾ü

z ô̧-IÔ-ÅôGÅ-ÅÞ-¾Å-ºGm-ºi-¤±ßPÅ- Û̂-¾Å-¤Û-wm-±ßm-HÛ-ºWôm-mÝÅ-zÇkÝ¼-mÅ-fG-GTôh-‚Å-qºÛ-JÀ-wôGÅü

KFÛ¤Å-fôG-GÛ-z;G-Çkô¤-¤¤-ZïÅ-Vh-mÅ-JÀôh-qº¤-xÛ¼-ºfïm-‚ïh-qü

¤fô-¼Û¤-hzP-º²Ûm-m¤ü º²Ûm-BôP-q-ÅôGÅ- Û̂Å-GP-¸G-TÛG-¾-¼P-ZÛh-


reliable

relic(s)

relief

relief andrehabilitation

1ü „Àô-fÞzü »Ûh-dôm-ºwï¼-zü2ü »Ûh-dôm-ºwï¼-PïÅüDÞPÅ-fÞzü

¼ÛP-zÆï¾ü

1ü hzÞGÅ-h‚ãP.ü2ü GhÝP-Åï¾ü3ü LÝh-Bôzü4ü ºzÞ¼-@ôÅü ºzÞ¼-¤ü

LÝh-Bôz-hP-ÇS¼-GmÅ-zB¼-GÅôü

ÇKï¼-HÛ-¾Å-hôm-®G-®ÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-vh-qºÛ-hÝÅ-±ôhü

1ü ¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-IôGÅ-qô-„Àô-fÞz-ÅôGÅ-¾-»Ûh-zdm-ºwï¼-zºÛü2ü ;¤-qÞ-‡¼-ÅôGÅ- Û̂Å-GmÅ-±ß¾-GP-¤Dô-hG-mô¼-º²ô¾-¤ïh-q¼-¤WâG-ºƒÅ-»P-hG-q¼-¤Dô-vôh-fÞz-q¼-GhïP-ºWôG-‚ïh-¼ÞP-zºÛü

GÝÅ-z¯-ÛhP-hh-dïm-hÝ-Z¼-±GÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-BïÅ-zÞ-h¤-qºÛ-Ç+Ý-¾ÞÅ- Û̂-V-ÁÅ-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zü

1ü »Ûh-¤-hGº-zºÛ-hôm-Aïm-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-¤±¤Å-Vh-qº¤-¤-º‚ãP-zºÛ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-BïÅ-qºÛ-hGº-zhïºÛ-±ô¼-ÇoP.ü2ü m- Þ̧G-hP-Åï¤Å-ÇkÝG-¾-ÅôGÅ-q-Åï¾-zº¤-VßP-hÝ-GbôP-zºÛ-‚-uôhü3ü º‚ãP-zºÛ-Gmôh-º±ïº¤-h¤G-ºFâG-GÛ-Gmôh-º±ï-wôG-ÅºÛ-¤Û-¤P-¾-vôh-qºÛ-¸Å-hPÞ¾-hP-Ç¨m-ÅôGÅü4ü lô-hP-ÁÛP-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-PôÅ-ÅÞ-z ô̧-h‚ÛzÅ-z@ôÅ-qÅ-V-ºGº-ŸÛG-GŸm-¾Å-ºzÞ¼-hÝ-ºfôm-qºÛ-¤²ïÅ-Mm-vôÅ-¾ÞGÅ-ÁÛGº‚ãP-zºÛ-Gmôh-Bôm-‚ãP-zº¤ü h;º-±ïGÅ-hP-ºWÛGÅ-Zïm-HÛ-GmÅ-ÅÞ-¿ËàP-


relief fund

relocation

remains (n)

remand

remand centre

remedial action

LÝh-Bôz-fïzÅ-¯ü

GmÅ-»Þ¾-zB¼-Çtôü

1ü Gmº-ÁÝ¾ü2ü wÞP-qôü

hô-h¤-zB¼-ºWôG

hô-h¤-zB¼-ºWôG-DP.ü

1ü ¾ïGÅ-zTôÅ-‚ïh-ÇKôü

z¼-¸Å-GôÅ-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-¼ôGÅ-Bô¼-hP-DP-EÛ¤-ÅôGÅ-ÇS-hÝÅ-¿e¼-Z¤Å-GÅô-»ôP-fzÅü

h¤G-ºFâG-G¤-¼P-‚ãP-Gôh-VG-GÛ-Gmôh-Bôm-fïzÅ-qºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-¾-¼ôGÅ-Bô¼-ÇÀh-hÝ-zÇkÝ-¼Þz-z¤-GÅôG-Oæz-‚Å-qºÛ-¤-hPÞ¾ü

Å-GmÅ-ÅÞ- Û̧P-ºFâG-‚ãP-zºÛ-¤Û-¤P-¿e-zÞ-GŸÛÅ-VGÅ-ÅºÛ-GmÅ-GÅ¼-q¼-hzô¼-ºiïmü

1ü hïP-GÛ-V¼-º±ô¾-½‰ïh-‚ãP-zºÛ-Gmº-zôºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-hP-DP-q-ÅôGÅ-Û̂-V-¾G-Mãm-GmÅ-‚ãP-z-n¤Åü2ü ¤Ûº¤-hÝh-ºIô-GÁÛm-qôºÛ-z¤-¼ôü

ZïÅ-º²âGÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-GP-¸G-TÛG-FÛ¤Å-ŸÛz-»ôP-z¼-ÇKÝG-Çkôh-‚ïh-¼ÛP-zB¼-hÝ-z;G-Z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-uôhü

ZïÅ-º²âGÅ- Û̂-FÛ¤Å-zÁï¼-¾-ÇKÝG-zŸÛm-qºÛ-¤Û-n¤Å-¾-hô-h¤-z;G-Z¼-‚ïh-ÅºÛ-GmÅü

1ü ºyôh-zÇeïm-ÅôGÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-


remedialeducation

remedialmeasure

remedialtransfer

remedy

remission

2ü Gmôh-q-ºGôG-fzÅü

D-GÅô-ÇÀôz-FÛhü

¾ïGÅ-zTôÅ-fzÅ-¾¤ü

¾ïGÅ-zTôÅ-GmÅ-ÇtôÅü

1ü ¾ïGÅ-zTôÅü »ô-zÆP-ü2ü zTôÅ-fzÅü GZïm-qôü

1ü zTôÅ-Bïh-¿e¼-ÇoP.ü2ü ZïÅ-hÝÅ-VG-»P.ü

¾ïGÅ-zTôÅ-‚ïh-qº¤-»¼-MÅ-GôP-ºwï¾-GbôP-zºÛ-h¤ÛGÅ-»Þ¾-Tm-HÛ-‚-uôhü2ü ¤Û-hP-Dô¼-»ÞG-¾-Gmôh-±zÅ-Vï-zºÛ-hPôÅ-μÅ-n¤Å-z ô̧-IÔ-ÅôGÅ-¾Å-xÛ¼-G»ÞGÅ-qº¤-G»ÞG-ÆÛh-qºÛ-Zïm-D-ÅôGÅ-¾-GhôP-¾ïm-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-uôhü

¢PÅ-ºƒÅ-Ÿm-qºÛ-ÇÀôz-yâG-hG-GÛ-ÁïÅ-±h-ÇÀôz-IôGÅ-GŸm-hP-ºi-¤Z¤-»ôP-fzÅ-ÅÞ-z;ôh-OÛG-‚Å-qºÛ-ÇÀôz-FÛhü

‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Bôm-m¤-¤-ºhP-zºÛ-V-¾-zTôÅ-Nå¼-¼¤-¾ïGÅ-zTôÅ-»ô-zÆP-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-uôhü

¾Å-¤Û-Åô-ÅôºÛ-Ç+zÅ-zzÅ-Gô-GmÅ- Û̂-¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-ºfÞÅ-±P-»G-qô-ŸÛG-¤-‚Å-qºÛ-XïÅ-Åô¼-¾Å-¤Û-hï-ZÛh-¾-ºôÅ-º±¤Å-Vï-zºÛ-¾Å-GmÅ-GŸm-hÝ-ºwô-ºHã¼-GbôP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG

1ü ‚-Pm-m¤-Bôm-Vü »P-m-mô¼-z-ŸÛG-zTôÅ-qºÛ-‚-uôhü2ü m- Þ̧G-Åï¾-zº¤-mh-GŸÛ-zTôÅ-qºÛ-GÅô-hrh-h¤-Ç̈m-ŸÛG

1ü hÝÅ-»Þm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¼ÛP-±zÅ-VïºÛ-m-±-»P-hÝ-ÅôP-zÅ-mh-q-hï-zhï-fP-hÝ-


remit

remittance (n)

remittance man

remitter

3ü VG-»P.ü

1ü hzP-fP-Ez-Åü2ü VG-»P-GbôP-zü3ü fG-GTôh-‚-Mã¼-ºzÞ¾-zü

1ü Vïh-GbôP-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼ü2ü hPÞ¾-GbôP-zü

EÛ¤-zdïm-xÛ-Çkôh-qü

1ü zB¼-zhG-¯-º²Ûmü

Hã¼-q-¿e¼-ÇoP-zºÛ-hÝÅ-Ç+zÅ-ÁÛG2ü z®ôm-DP-hÝ-GmÅ-»Þm-GTôG-ºyÛ-‚ïh-q-ŸÛG-Çeïü h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-hÝ-¼P-ZÛh-;Ým-uôh-¾ïGÅ-qô-zÇem-qºÛ-ÇezÅ- Û̂Å-Åôü3ü GŸm-¾-vôh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼-ºW¾-¤Û-hGôÅ-q-z ô̧-zº¤-GTôG-ºyÛ-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-uôh-TÛG

1ü GP-¸G-G¤-Çkï-q-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-hzP-V-hP-ÇePÅ-º²Ûmü »P-m-ÁÝGÅ-Aïm-»ôh-ÅºÛ-‚ïh-ÇKôºÛ-Ez-DôPÅü2ü zÞ-¾ôm-hP-¾Å-ºGmü ZïÅ-Vh-ÅôGÅ-¤ïh-q¼-z ô̧-zü3ü fG-GTôh-TÛG-»ôP-fÞz-qºÛ-hôm-hÝ-GmÅ-hôm-ŸÛG-hzP-º²Ûm-q-ŸÛG-¾-wÞ¾-zü

1ü ‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-GÛ-¼Ûm-q-vôh-Vïh-hÝ-zÇ+Ý¼-zºÛ-hPÞ¾ü2ü ‚-hPôÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-¼Ûm-q-vôh-Vïh-hÝ-hPÞ¾-zÇ+Ý¼-zºÛ-‚-uôhü

¼P-EÛ¤-mÅ-zbP-zºÛ-hPÞ¾-¾-zdïm-bï-xÛºÛ-M¾-Dz-bà-GmÅ-Çkôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-GP-¸G

1ü Å-V-ŸÛG-¼P-ZÛh- Û̂Å-hzP-VôG-


remote

remote control

removal van

remuneration

2ü zB¼-GÅôü3ü Vïh-GbôP-‚ïh-qôü

1ü MP-fG-¼ÛP-zºÛü2ü ¾ÞP-DÞG

MP-z;ô¾ü MP-z;ô¾-»ô-VÅü

BÅ-ºhïGÅ-½ÀPÅ-ºDô¼ü

JÀ-Vü

qºÛ-FÛ¤Å-¤fÞm-HÛ-»ÛG-V-±h-¿km-ŸÛG-»ôh-mºP-ü Å-V-hï-¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-zhG-hzP-GÛ-xÛ-¼ô¾-hÝ-»ôh-qºÛ-Bï-zô-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-xÛ¼-Å-V-hïºÛ-zhG-hzP-hÝ-ŸÝGÅ-Ç+zÅ-Å-V-hï-ÇÀ¼-GÅô-»ôP-z¼-hôm-hPôÅ-GŸÛ¼-z Þ̧P-fG-GTôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-¯-º²Ûm-ŸÛG2ü ÇS¼-HÛ-fôz-fP-P¤-GmÅ-zz-¿e-zÞ-ŸÛG-¾-zB¼-GÅô-‚ïh-qü3ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-¼ÞP-GÛ-¼Ûm-q-ºW¾-‚ïh-hÝ-hPÞ¾-GbôP-¤Dm-HÛ-;¤-q-mÛº¤-Bï-zô-ŸÛG

1ü GmÅ-Å¤-hÝÅ- Û̂-V-mÅ-È-TP-MP-¼ÛP-zº¤-z¼-Eh-Vï-zü2ü zIôh-h;º-ŸÛP-¤Û-ºzô¼-f¼-fô¼-¾Å-¤ïh-qºÛ-Å-DÞG-¾ÞP-DÞG

JÀôG-G¤-½ÀâP-ºyÛm-HÛ-zl-¢ô¼-uh-hï-fG-¼ÛP-Å-mÅ-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼-HÛ-¼ÛGÅ-¾-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-‚ïh-qºÛ-»ô-VÅ-ÁÛG-G¤-hïºÛ-¤-¾G

GmÅ-DP-GÅ¼-q-ŸÛG-bà-Çtô-Ç+zÅ-mP-VÅ-hP-Mã-mô¼-GŸm-hzô¼-‚ïh-hÝ-uôh-qºÛ-½ÀPÅ-ºDô¼-ŸÛG

Bï-zô-GP-¼ÞP-GÛÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-¾Å-;ºÛ-hôh-hÝ-vh-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼-ŸÛG

Administration 30 º²Ûm-BôP-ü1ü zB¼-GÅô-‚ïh-qü2ü zB¼-z ô̧ü GÅ¼-GÅôü

1ü zB¼-GÅô-‚ïh-¼ÞP-ü2ü zB¼-GÅô-¼ÞP-zºÛü

1ü zB¼-GÅôü2ü GÅ¼-GÅôü

„ÀôÅ-GbôP-zü hô¼-zü

1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-¼ÞP-ºGôG-Aïm-ŸÛG-G¤ü z¼-¤±¤Å-ÁÛG-GÛ-XïÅ-ÅÞ-zB¼-hÝ-ºGô-º²âGÅ-‚ïh-qü2ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-¼ÞP-zB¼-hÝ-hÝÅ-±ôh-ºw¼-¤-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-¼ÛP-FÛ¤Å-¤fÞm-z ô̧-zü

1ü mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-hP-¼P-‚ãP-fôm-DÞPÅ-ÅôGÅ-¼P-zŸÛm-HÛÅ-GÅz-»ôP-zº¤ü »P-m-G¸z-mm-HÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-‚Å-qºÛ-ÇezÅ- Û̂Å-hï-hG-μôGÅ-¤fº-¤ïh-qºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-uôh-fÞz-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü2ü Gm-M-hP-º²Ûm-ÁôG-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-FÛ¤Å-¤fÞm-hÝÅ-zTh-μôGÅ- Û̧m-mºP- Û̄ÛÅ-ºIôºÛ-hÝÅ-±ôh-ºw¼-ºHPÅ-‚-ºfÞÅ-VôG-qü

1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-¼ÞP-ºGôG-Aïm-m¤-z¼-¤±¤Å-¿e-zÞ-ŸÛG-GÛ-XïÅ-ÅÞ-ÇÀ¼-»P-ºGô-º²âGÅ-‚ãP-zºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-ÁÛG2ü Gm-M-¿e-zÞ-ŸÛG-hï-ZÛh- Û̂-FÛ¤Å-¤fÞm-Gbm-ºzïzÅ- Û̂-hÝÅ-»Þm-μôGÅ-XïÅ-ÇÀ¼-»P-hÝÅ-»Þm-ºw¼-¤-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-¼ÛP- Û̄Å-ºIô-»ôh-q¼-z ô̧-zºÛ-‚-uôhü

¼P-ZÛh- Û̂Å-h-mÅ-z Þ̧P-Çeï-‚-hPôÅ-

renew

renewable

renewal

renounce


Z¤Å-GÅô-‚ïh-qü

JÀÅ-Åü

1ü zÅ¤-xôGÅ-GÅ¼-qü2ü D-xôGÅ-zNå¼-zü

zTôÅ-ÇKôü GÅô-zTôÅü

¼P-»Þ¾-hÝ-xÛ¼-ÇÀôG-qü

¼P-»Þ¾-xÛ¼-ÇÀôG

G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-zhG-bà-z Þ̧P-z-hP-ü Mz-Bô¼-hP-»Ûh-VïÅü »P-m-ºƒï¾-z-Mãm-GmÅ-‚-ºhôh-¤ïh-±ß¾-¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-HÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-Å¤-»ôPÅ-Ez-bà-Áôh-qü

DP-q-½‰ÛP-q-hP-º²Ûm-VÅ-ÅôGÅ-¾-±ôm-Û̄-zbP-z-hP-ü z ô̧-zTôÅ-‚Å-qÅ-hï-hG-ÇÀ¼-»P-¾ïGÅ-qô¼-ÅôP-zü

JÀ-V-vh-mÅ-zhG-qô-GŸm-¾Å-G»¼-zºÛ-Å-Vü

1ü ¿e-z-hP-»Ûh-VïÅ-ÅôGÅ-zÅ¤-„ÀôºÛ-ºEï¼-Åô-GÅ¼-q-ŸÛG2ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-¼ÞP-ŸÛG-GÛ-D-xôGÅ-zNå¼-zºÛ-‚-uôhü

mô¼-ºFâ¾-Áô¼-z¼-»ô-zÆP-hP-ü ©Å-Bôm-Áô¼-z¼-zTôÅ-fzÅ-ÅôGÅ-‚ïh-qü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-h¤G-hÝÅ- Û̂-z®ôm-q-hP-üBzÅ-zTô¾-z-ÅôGÅ-¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-M¾-Dz-z¤-¤Û-Åï¼-HÛ-fôz-fP-»ôh-qºÛ-»Þ¾-hÝ-xÛ¼-ÇÀôG-qº¤-¾ïm-qü »P-m-Dï-z¸P-P¤-D¼-hzP-¿e-zÞ-¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-M¾-Dz-bà-xÛ¼-GbôP-‚ïh-qü

¤Û-Åï¼-GP-ŸÛG-¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-w-»Þ¾-¾¤ü

renovate

rented space

reorientation

reparations

repatriate

repatriation


ÇS-ºhôm-xÛ¼-ÇÀôG

zÞ-¾ôm-ºW¾-vôhü zÞm-ºW¾ü

z Û̄-¤ïh-z ô̧-zü

zB¼-¹ôÅ-Ç̈m-»ÛG

zB¼-¿kz-hGôÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-;

(Gbï¼-μÅ- Û̂-)±z-ºHã¼ü

BïÅ-DÞPÅ-GP-hÝ-GbôGÅ-Å¼-xÛ¼-¾ôG-‚ïh-hÝ-zTßG-qº¤-xÛ¼-ÇÀôG-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG

hGôÅ-¤Dô-PïÅ-Tm-Vïh-ÇS-ºhôm-„ÀPÅ-q-GP-ŸÛG-xÛ¼-GÅz-qü

¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-ºy¾-wÞGÅ- Û̂-h;º-ÇkÝG-Åï¾-xÛ¼-hPÞ¾-DP-ÅôGÅ-mÅ-hPÞ¾-zÞm-GP-G»¼-z-hï-ZÛh-XïÅ-Åô¼-hÝÅ-z;G-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-vôh-Mã¼-DÅ-¾ïm-q-zŸÛm-ºW¾-vôh-‚ïh-qü

GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-HÛÅ-FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ-ÅôGÅ-xÛ¼-ºfïm-‚ïh-qü

¼P-ZÛh-¾-Mãm-hÝ-¤Dô-zºÛ-ÇS¼-HÛ-Ç̈m-»ÛG-bà-WÛ-GÅ¾-¾Åü Ç̈m-q¼-zB¼-Çeôm-»P-Çeôm-¤Û-hGôÅ-q¼-mh-q-hï¼-Mãm-hÝ-¤Dô-zºÛ-Ç̈m-hï-ZÛh-»P-»P-¾ïm-VôG-qºÛ-Ç̈m-»ÛG

ÇS¼-‚Å- Û̧m-qºÛ-‚-z-GP-ŸÛG-»P-mÅ-»P-hÝ-zB¼-¿kz-‚ïh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-;

½Àm-GÁï¼-¿e-zÞºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ- Û̂-ºHã¼-ºIôÅ-¾-zdïm-mÅ-Gbï¼-μÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-V-ÁÅ-Å¤-n¤-q-»ôPÅ-

repayment ofadvance

repayment of loan

repeal

repeat prescription

repetitive work

replacement


±z-hPÞ¾ü

1ü D-GÅôü2ü zÞh-μÅ-Çoôm-qü zÞh-μÅ-GÅô-zü

1ü Ç‰m-ºzÞ¾-ŸÝ-zü2ü GmÅ-±ß¾-¤Dô-GbôP-‚ïh-qü3ü Ç‰m-fôü

Ç‰m-ÁôG

μôGÅ-Gbï¼-μÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-bà-ºHã¼-±ß¾ü

z;ô¾-uôh-‚Å-mÅ-¼P-zŸÛm-HÛÅ-¸h-ºIô-zºÛ-T-hPôÅ-hG-¾-z ô̧-zTôÅ-Å¤üzXï-ºHã¼-GbôP-zºÛ-Vïh-hÝ- Þ̧¼-zTh-‚Å-qºÛ-ŸÛP-qºÛ-ÇSôm- Û̄Å- Û̂-V-ÁÅ-ÁÛG

1ü z¸º-VÅ-hP-ü Vß-ÅôGÅ-hPôÅ-μÅ-μôGÅ- Û̧m-q-hG-zB¼-hÝ-ºGïP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG-G¤-hïºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤-ŸÛG2ü zÞh-μÅ- Û̂Å-zB¼-hÝ-¤ï-GÅô-zºÛ-‚-uôhü

1ü ‚-hPôÅ-Å¤-Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-‚Å-ZïÅ-GP-‚ãP-¤Ûm-Ç+ô¼-¾-GôP-¼Û¤-hzP-º²Ûm-¤Û-Ço¼-ŸÝ-GbàG-‚ïh-qü2ü ‚-hPôÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-hPôÅ-»ôh- Û̂-GmÅ-±ß¾-GP-»ôh-q-º±ô¾-ŸÛz-z¤ü ¤Dô-Oæz-‚Å-mÅ-½ÀâP-ºyÛm-m¤-±GÅ-ÁôG-zMãh-mÅ-¤Û-¤P-¾-zOGÅ-Gb¤-Çtï¾-zü3ü Gmh-hôm-G-Gï-¤ô-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-hrh-ŸÛz-¿e-zÞºÛ-¤fº-Çkô¤ü

hÝÅ-±ôh-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-mP-hGï-Lm-n¤Å-Û̂Å-yâ-GÝºÛ-ÇÀôz-¢ôP-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-ÇKô-GÅÞ¤-‚-uôh- Û̂-Iâz-ºƒÅ-WÛ-»Ûm-»ÛG-fôG-bà-z;ôh-mÅ-yâ-GÝºÛ-w-¤¼-vôh-MãºÛ-

replacementfund

replenishment

report

report card


(T-hPôÅ-)ºWôG-GmÅü

Pô-±z- Û̂-‚-GŸG

iG-Gmômü

ÆôG-Vh-xÛ¼-zÁô¾ü ÆôG-ZïÅ-GÝ-»PÅü

1ü Ç+Ý-±zü ºfÞÅ-¤Ûü2ü Pô-±zü

1ü GÁï-zü2ü GÁï-GÁïü

ÁôG-¿Ëï-ŸÛG

T-hPôÅ-hG-GÅôG-ºWôG-G¤-Z¼-±GÅ-‚ïh-ÅºÛ-GmÅ-Å¤-Çoôhü

GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-HÛÅ-¤Û-GŸm-HÛ-±z-bà-z;º-¤ô¾-GmP-zº¤-¾Å-hôm-ÅôGÅ-Oæz-qºÛ-‚ïh-ÇKôü

z®m-Gmôm-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-uôh-h¤-zMãh-¼Û¤ü »P-m-iG-Gmôm-‚Å-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü

ÆôG-FÛ¤Å- Û̂-ZïÅ-Vh-zTh-qºÛ-z®ôm-q-GP-ŸÛG-ÆôG-FÛ¤Å- Û̂-ZïÅ-Vh-¾Å-ºIô¾-zº¤ü hÝÅ-±ôh-w¼-ºHPÅ-GbôP-zºÛ-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-HÛ-z;º-M-ŸÛG

1ü GŸm-HÛ-¾Å-;º¤-Gb¤-zÁh-‚ïh-qºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-zÇ+ô-GŸG-G¤-ºôÅ-ºhï¤Å-‚Å-qºÛ-ºfÞÅ-¤Ûü2ü z ô̧-±ôP-DP-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-hPôÅ- ô̧G-z®ôP-z¼-ºIô-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G

1ü Bï-zô-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-‚Å-ZïÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-GôP-¼Û¤-¤Û-ÇoÅ-z;º-z ô̂m-GmP-zü2ü ‚-Pm-‚Å-qºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-D-lÝP-

repository

representation

repression

reprieve

representative

reprimand


zB¼-Cæmü

hI-¾mü ºDôm-¾mü

1ü Bïh-ºwï¾ü2ü q¼-ÇÀôG zB¼-Cæmü

¤Û-Åï¼-M¾-Dz- Û̂-ZÛm-¤ôü

1ü BåG-ƒô-qôü Ÿï-ÅÞm-qºÛü2ü Mz-ºG¾-HÛü

Ç‰m-IGÅü IGÅ-qü

GbôP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG

hï-ÇS-q¼-ºhïzÅ-‚Å- Û̧m-qºÛ-hqï-hïz-¿e-zÞºÛ-Pô-zÁÝÅ-q¼-¤ü

¼P-¾-GŸm-HÛÅ-‚-z-ÇkÝG-qô-ŸÛG-z¯¤Å-qºÛ-Mã-¤±m-HÛÅ-GŸm-¾-Çtï¾-zºÛ-º±ï-zº¤-GhÝG- ç̄z- Û̂-‚-uôh-TÛG-

1ü Û̄-ÁÛP-P¤ü »P-m-¤Û-hP-hÝh-ºIôºÛ-Mãm-xÛ-¤-Bïh-Çtï¾-HÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤-¤¤-‚-uôhü2ü ºi-q¼-hP-hqï-hïzü »ÛG-VüG Þ̧GÅ-z½‰mü O-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-ºi-zÁÝÅ-zCæm-qºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤-¤¤-‚-uôhü

¤Û-Åï¼-M¾-Dz-bà-zNå¼-zºÛ-XïÅ-im-hÝÅ-Çeôm-HÛ-ZÛm-¤ôü

1ü »Ûh-Pô¼-¤Û-ºfh-TÛP-zÅÞm-ÇoP-Bï-zºÛü2ü GÁÛÅ-uôh-h¤-¼P-GÁÛÅ-¿e-zÞ-ºG¾-¹¼-ºHã¼-zºÛü

ºhÅ-qºÛ-uôh-±ß¾-¾¤-GÁÛÅ-uôh-¾-GŸÛGÅ-bïü GP-¸G-G¤-‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-¾-¤Û-¤P-uÛ-»ôPÅ- Û̂-GÝÅ-z;Ý¼-¼¤-»Û-¼P-WÛ-®¤-fôz-¤Ûmü

reprint

reprisal

reproduction

republic day

repugnant

reputation

Administration 36 º²Ûm-BôP-ü1ü hGôÅ-¤Dôü2ü Zï¼-¤Dôü

¤ïh-hÝ-¤Û-¼ÞP-zü

hGôÅ-PïÅ- Û̂-GmÅ-±ß¾ü

1ü hGôÅ-ºhÝmü2ü Û̄Å-vôh-¼ï-ºhÝmü

hGôÅ-Fü

ÅÛ¾-±ôP-GôP-±h-Gbm-ºzïzÅü

1ü ¼P-ZÛh-¾-¤Dô-zº¤-hGôÅ-qºÛ-‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG2ü ‚-z-GŸm-GP-¼ÞP- ô̄¤-q-¾-¼P-ZÛh-¾-PïÅ-q¼-hÝ-»ôh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG

¤fº-GTÛG-bà-hGôÅ-qº¤-PïÅ-q¼-hÝ-¤Dô-zü

ºWÛG-dïm-HÛ-‚-GŸG-GP-»P-¼ÞP-z-ŸÛG-¾-¤Dô-G¾-HÛ-ÁïÅ-‚º¤ü »P-m-hï-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾ü

1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-hGôÅ-¤Dô-»ôh-qºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-¤Dô-vôh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-¼ï-ºhÝmü2ü ÆÛh-GŸÝP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-GŸÝP-GŸm-ŸÛG-¾-FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-»Þ¾-‚ô¾-z-ŸÛG-xÛ¼-ÇÀôG-G¤- Û̄Å-vôh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-¼ï-Ç+Ý¾-ŸÛG

hGôÅ-PïÅ- Û̂-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-n¤-IPÅ-D-GÅ¾-ºGôh-ÅºÛ-ºGïPÅ-ÁôG

z ô̧-IÔ-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-hPôÅ- ô̧G-n¤Å-ÅÛ¾-±ôP-hÝ-ƒÛm-MãG-»ôP-Vïhü z ô̧-Cæm-qÅ-±ôP- ô̧G-GÛ-ZÝP-¤fºÛ-GôP-±h-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-‚ïh-ÇePÅü

requirement

requisite

requisiteinformation

requisition

requisition form

resale pricemaintenance

37Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üz Û̄-ºIô-¤ïh-¾ÞGÅ-zXôh-qü

Zïm-D-¾Å-Bôz-qü ºWÛGÅ-q-¾Å-Bôz-qü

DôP-º±ÛG DôP-ºFâG

1ü Þ̧¼-zThü2ü „Àô-hôGÅü

1ü Þ̧¼-zTh-‚ïh-qü2ü ÇK¤-qôü3ü Xï-±zü

GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-HÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-FÛ¤Å-hP-ü Gm-Mü fG-GTôh-ÅôGÅ-h-mÅ-z Þ̧P-FÛ¤Å-¤fÞm-z Û̄-Mã-¤Ûm-qºÛ-ºIï¾-zXôh-‚ïh-qü

GP-¸G-G¤-‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-ºWÛGÅ-Zïm-m¤-Gmôh-º±ï-Tm-HÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-ÁÛG-¾Å-Bôz-qü

¼P-ZÛh-¾-iP-Ç‰ô¤Å-¤-‚ãP-Ç‰¤-qºÛ-‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-GÛ-fh-¾-º²Ûm-qºÛ-¤Û-hGº-zº¤ü »P-m-DôP-FôºÛ-±ô¼-ÇoP-ŸÛG

1ü ¤Iôm-DP-hP-¤ï-ºDô¼ü »P-m-Gm¤-IâºÛ-@Ýz-ÇeïGÅ-ÅôGÅ-Vïh-Z¼-ºWôG-‚-MãºÛ-Gô-OÛG-TÛG2ü ¿e-±ß¾-¾¤-ºV¼-GŸÛ-¿e-zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-fï-±ô¤-qºÛ-±ô¼-ÇoP-ŸÛG

1ü @Ýz-ÇeïGÅ-hP-TôG-®ïü DP-q-¾-ÅôGÅ-¼P-ZÛh-h¤-GP-¸G-GŸm-¾-ºfôz-MãºÛ-hôm-hÝ-¤PGÅ-zTô¾-‚ïh-qü2ü ¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-¿e-±ß¾-hP-±ô¼-ÇoP-¾-ÅôGÅ-Bï-zô-GŸm-¾-¾Å-ÇÀ-qô¼-¤-JÀïP-zºÛ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-¿km-qºÛ-GP-¸G-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-GÛ-Eh-VôÅü3ü ¼Þ-DG-TÛG-GÛ-mP- ï̄h-¤ô-z-GŸm-GP-¼ÞP-GTÛG-mh-q-VGÅ-qº¤ü ¤-ºhP-zºÛ-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-hïºÛ-±z-bà- ï̄h-¤Dm-

rescind

rescue

resentment

reservation

reserve


zB¼-OÛG zB¼-h=âG

Ç‰ÛGÅü

hzP-VºÛ-ºyôÅ-¿ËG hzP-¿ËG

ºyôÅ-¿ËG-¾Å-¤ïhü

ÁÝ¾-mô¼ü

1ü ¯-hGôPÅü2ü h;º-±ïGÅ-hP-¾ïmü

ŸÛG

Çkï-DG-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-¼ô¾-hÝ-»ôh-qºÛ-T-hPôÅ-Å¤ü »P-m-Bï-zô-n¤Å- Û̂-GmÅ-zzÅ-ºwô-ºHã¼-GbôP-±ß¾ü

zMãh-¼Û¤-ŸÛG-GÛ-¤fº-¤WâG-GÛ-¿ËG-ºyôü

hzP-º²Ûm-¾Å-DÞPÅ-GŸm-DG-¾-hzP-V-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-zMãh-vôh-‚Å-Û̧m-qºÛ-XïÅ-ÅÞ-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GÛÅ-z Þ̧P-zºÛ-hzP-±hü

Bï-zô-f¤Å-Th-¾-¾Å-;-¿km-qºÛ-hÝÅ-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-¾ÞÅ-hP-Åï¤Å- Û̂-h;º-P¾-HÛ-Aïm-qÅ-¾Å-;-¤Û-fÞz-q¼-¿ËG-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-ÁÛG

Bï-zô-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-zÞ-¾ôm-hP-Bïh-;-ÅôGÅ-vôh-hGôÅ-f¤Å-Th-vh-±¼-zºÛ-XïÅ-ÅÞ-¼P-ZÛh-ÁÛ-XïÅ-ÅÞ-¿ËG-qºÛ-Mã-mô¼ü

1ü ¾Å-;º¤-»P-m-Gô-Å-„ÀôÅ-GbôP-zºÛ-‚-uôhü2ü ¼P-ZÛh- Û̂Å-ºwô-ºHã¼-GbôP-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-h;º-±ïGÅ-Tm-m¤ü vô-

reshuffle

residual

residual power

residualunemployment

residuary

resignation


1ü IôÅ-Vôhü2ü Åï¾-fzÅü3ü ±GÅ-Vü

vô-GmÅü

1ü fôm-DÞPÅü2ü ¿eôÅ-Åü zdïm-Åü3ü fzÅ-ÁïÅ-¸z-qü

ÇoP-¤Û-¿km-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-ÁÛG-hP-¾ïm-‚-Mã¼-z ô̧h-zÆm-¿km-qºÛ-ºhôh-¤ôÅü

1ü ±ôGÅ-VßP-P¤-¿Ëm-±ôGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-‚Å-qºÛ-zÅ¤-ºV¼-ŸÛG-GÛ-±ß¾-¤fÞm-HÛ-zOGÅ-Gb¤-ŸÛG-Çeïüh¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-ºôÅ-zÇkÝºÛ-¾¤-mÅ-¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-‚Å-q-ŸÛG-Gôü2ü h;º-P¾-hP-ºG¾-ºhÝ-ÅôGÅ-ºIÛG-ºWGÅ-‚ïh-qº¤-»P-m-Åï¾-fzÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-uôhü3ü ÇoP-z½‰m-ŸÛG-Oæz-‚ïh- Û̂-±ïG-GÛ-V-±h-¾-¿eôÅ-bï-n¤-GÅ¾-HÛ-ÇoP-z½‰m-ŸÛG-¢Ûm-qºÛ-;¤-qÞ-‡¼-HÛ-»ô¾-z-hP.q¼-ºhïzÅ-ºyâ¾-VÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-mÝÅ-±hü

Çkôh-DP-hP-Çoï-¾ïm-ŸzÅ-bôG-GÛ-¤fÞm-Aïm-¿km-qºÛ-GÝ-»PÅ-vô-ÅïP-hP-ü ¾ô-ºDô¼-GÝP-ÅïP-GbôP-»Þ¾-IGÅ-Vï-zºÛ-Å-V-ŸÛG

1ü ºfôz-¼ÞP-hÝ-»ôh-qºÛ-mô¼-HÛ-º‚ãP-DÞPÅ-bïü hGôÅ-G¾-Ç+zÅ-uôh-fÞz-qºÛ-Þ̧¼-ºWôG-fôm-ºzz-z¤-fôm-ºzz-GÅ¼-q-ŸÛG2ü hGôÅ-G¾-Ç+zÅ-uôh-¼ÞP-hÝ-»ôh-qºÛ-¼ôGÅ-¼¤-¤¤-Mz-Bô¼-HÛ-º‚ãP-DÞPÅ-ÁÛG3ü Mãm-¿km-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-h;º-P¾-HÛ-

resolution

resort

resource


Eh-Çeôm-¤Û-Çoü fôm-DÞPÅ-¤Û-Çoü

f„Å-ÁïÅ-¸z-qôü

1ü »-¾m-vôh-¤Dmü ¾m-ºhïzÅ-‚ïh-¤Dmü2ü ô̄h-¾m-qü »-¾m-qü

1ü »-¾mü ¾m-ºhïzÅü2ü n¤-ºHã¼ü

ºGm-ºDÞ¼ü ºGm-ºFÛüºGmü

¼ÛGÅ-¾-fzÅ-¤DÅ- Û̂-ÇKô-mÅ-GhôP-¾ïm-‚ïh-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qü

ºV¼-GŸÛ-¿e-zÞ-¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-¾G-zÇe¼-Vïh-h¤ÛGÅ-z;¼-HÛ-¾¤-Çeôm-¤Dô-vôh-hP.ü h;º-P¾-‚ï-ƒG-q-Åï¾-Mã-ÅôGÅ-¾-¼ôGÅ-wm-zHÛÅ-q¼-¼Ûm-fP-¿km-qºÛ-¤Eïm-dôGÅ-hP-Z¤Å-¥ôP-¤Pº-zºÛ-GP-¸G

h;º-P¾-Åï¾-Mã-hP-‚-GŸG-GZï¼-Mã-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-fzÅ-¾¤-º±ô¾-z-¾-¤DÅ-qü

1ü h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-hÝ-ºiÛ-ŸÛz- Û̂-Ç+zÅ-¿e-zÞ¼-iÛ-z¼-¾m-ºhïzÅ-¤Dm-HÛ-Bï-zôü2ü ‚Å-hôm-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-GÛ-Hôh-º²âGÅ-‚-»Þ¾-HÛ-Bï-zô-ŸÛG

1ü PG-G¤-»ÛG-fôG-GÛ-¾m-ºhïzÅ-ÁÛG2ü ‚-z-TÛ-ŸÛG-‚ãP-zº¤-¬Å-qºÛ-fh-¾-º²Ûm-qºÛ-n¤-ºHã¼-ŸÛG

Gô-GmÅ-hP-¾Å-;-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Pô-zôºÛ-V-mÅ-Å¤ü ‚-z-GP-¼ÞP-fh-ºG¾-º²ô¾-‚ãP-Ç+zÅ-DG-h=Û-

resource person

resourful

respondent

response

responsibility


ºIâ¾-DP.ü ŸG-Åü

1ü zhG-qô¼-xÛ¼-ÇÀôG2ü ÇÀ¼-GÅôü Z¤Å-q-Åô¼-Vßhü

1ü ŸÛG-GÅôü Z¤Å-GÅôü2ü zB¼-GÅôü zB¼-ÇÀôG

1ü ÇÀ¼-GÅô-‚ïh-qü zB¼-GÅô-‚ïh-qü2ü xÛ¼-vôh-‚ïh-qü

º‚ãP-PïÅ-qºÛ-ÇezÅ- Û̂Å-Bï-zôº¤-‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-¾-hô-DÞ¼-¼ôGÅ-¼¤ü»P-m-GhôP-¾ïm-‚-MãºÛ-¾Å-ºGm-ŸÛG-G¤-Aïm-Pm-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-‚ãP-z-¾-DG-h=Û-GhGÅ-»Þ¾ü

Å-DÞ¾-hÝ-ºIâ¾-zŸÝh-q-±ôÅ-Zïm-G»ô¾-hP-P¾-GÅôºÛ-hôm-hÝ-uh-qºÛ-DP-q-ŸÛG

1ü @Ý-Áô¼-zºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-¿e-zÞ-FÛ¤Å-¤fÞm-HÛ-zhG-qô¼-xÛ¼-ÇÀôG-‚ïh-qü2ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-ºHã¼-¿kôG-¤-ºIô-GôP-GÛ-ÇS-¤ºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-¾-xÛ¼-¾ôG

K1ü DP-½‰ÛP-hP-¼Û-¤ô-½‰ÛP-q-ÅôGÅ-G®P-Åï¾-hP-zB¼-zTôÅ- Û̂-‚-GŸG-TÛG-ÇeïühïºÛ-ÇezÅ- Û̂Å-hï-hG-GÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-fôG-¤-WÛ-zŸÛm-zB¼-GÅô-‚ïh-fzÅü2ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-fôG-¤¼-»ôh-Åº¤ü hï-ÇSºÛ-GmÅ-zzÅ-Å¤-»P-m-zhG-qô-Pô-¤¼-xÛ¼-ÇÀôG-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-uôhü

1ü DP-q-hP-¼Û-¤ôü º²Ûm-VÅü ±ô¼-ÇoP-hP-GmÅ-ÇePÅü FÛÛ¤Å-ÅôGÅ-hï-ÇS-¿e¼-zB¼-GÅô-‚ïh-qü2ü zô¼-z½ÀG-bà-ÅôP-zº¤-@Ý-Áô¼-zºÛ-‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-xÛ¼-GP-¸G-hï¼-vôh-qü

rest house

restitution

restoration

restore

Administration 42 º²Ûm-BôP-ü1ü ¤P-±ôGÅ- Û̂-‚-‚ïh-¾-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-m¤-±h-z;G-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-¿e-±ß¾-hP-hôm-hPôÅü FÛ¤Å-Æô¾-ÅôGÅü2ü hGôÅ-G¾-¾¤-»P-m-GmÅ-¾ÞGÅ-¿km-qºÛ-ÇezÅ- Û̂Å-‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-¾-±h-z;G-G¤-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-uôhü3ü ŸÛ-ºW¤-hP-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-¿km-qºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-uôh-q-ºEï¼-±ß¾-HÛ-Eh-VôÅü

1ü ºzô¼-±h-h¤-V-±h-VßP-PÞº¤-±h-PïÅ-Tmü2ü FÛ¤Å-hP-OÛG-GÛ-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-»ôh-qü3ü h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-HÛ-VôG-¤Vm-¿km-qºÛ-¤Û-Dô-m-º²â¾-Bôh-VôG-ÅºÛ-GÅP-zº¤-Zïm-D-Tm-HÛ-Å-DÞ¾ü4ü GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-HÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-GÅP-z-Tm-»Ûm-ŸÛP-ü h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-HÛ-VôG-¤Vm-¿km-qºÛ-¤Û-±ôGÅ-¾-ºfôz-¼ÞP-Dô-mü

‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-fïPÅ-GTÛG-¤±¤Å-Vh-qºÛ-XïÅ-ÅÞ-zB¼-hÝ-ºGô-º²âGÅ-qºÛ-‚-uôhü

hPôÅ-μÅ-ÅÛ¾-¤-‚Å-bï-±ôP-Nå¼-‚ïh-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-±ôP-DP-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-mP-

1ü z;G-Çkô¤ü2ü ±ôh-º²Ûmü h¤-zOGÅü3ü ŸÛ-ŸÛP-hÝ¾-zü

1ü ±h-z;G-Tmü2ü hGG-‚-Tmü3ü z;G-Çkô¤-Tmü4ü GÅP-M-Tmü

zB¼-hÝ-ºGô-º²âGÅü

ÅÛ¾-±ôP-GôP-±hü

restraint

restricted

resumption

retail price

43Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ühPôÅ-μÅ-Åô-Åô¼-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-GôP-±hü

T-hPôÅ-n¤Å-ÇkïzÅ-±ôP-¤-»Ûm-q¼-ºzô¼-±h-VßP-PÞºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-¤P-±ôGÅ- Û̂-Fôh-hÝ-±ôP-¤Dm-HÛ-±ôP-¾Å-Å¤-±ôP-DP-hP-Bï-zô-GP-¼ÞP.ü

1ü ‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-Z¼-ºWôG-‚ïh-qº¤-»P-m-Mãm-¤fÞh-hï-¿km-q¼-‚ïh-qü2ü hPôÅ-μÅ-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-iôh-hP-Vß-¿e-zÞºÛ-‚-hPôÅ-Mãm-¤fÞh-hï-º²Ûm-qº¤-mP-hÝ-º²âh-q¼-‚ïh-qü3ü ÇSôm-±ßh-mÅ-¼Ûm-hPÞ¾-vh-qºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-FÛ¤Å- ô̄h-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-ŸzÅ-ºhïGÅ-fôz-q¼-‚ïh-qü

¾Å-GmÅ-ÅôGÅ-mÅ-Lm-»ô¾-ŸÝ-MãºÛ-hÝÅ-¾-zzÅ-qºÛ-¾ô-±hü

1ü GôP-ºwï¾-GbôP-Vïh-hÝ-zB¼-hÝ-zTôÅ-qº¤-zB¼-hÝ-¼ïG-qü2ü ¤fôP-ÇoP-ÇS¼-¾Å-»Ûh-hzP-ºyôG-q-ŸÛG-bà-zCæm-Vïh-hÝ-ºi-q¼-hP-q¼-ÁÝÅü q¼-ÁÛP-ÅôGÅ-¾-ºwô-ºHã¼-GbôP-zü

hï-ÇS-¢ôP-zl¼- Û̧m-qºÛ-¾G-¯¾-¾-hÝÅ-zÇeàm-D-GÅz-‚ïh-qº¤ü mÝÅ-¯¾-

ÅÛ¾-±ôP-‚ïh-qôü

1ü ¤Þ-¤fÞh-Z¼-qü Z¼-ÆâP-‚ïh-qü2ü G Þ̧P-zü3ü JÀÅ-Z¼-‚ïh-qü

Lm-»ô¾-¾ô-±hü

1ü G®P-zÁï¼ü ŸÛz-±GÅü2ü GÅ¾-¤hPÅ-ºhôm-qü

zB¼-¢ôP.ü

retailer

retain

retiring age

retouch

retraining

Administration 44 º²Ûm-BôP-üGÅ¼-q-ÇÀôz-qºÛ-‚ïh-ÇKôº¤-zMãh-¼Û¤ü

FÛ¤Å-ŸÛz-»P-zB¼-‚ïh-q-Çeïü hï-»P-ÇSôm-±ßh-mÅ-Hôh-hôm-FÛ¤Å-GbàG-hP-fG-GTôh- Û̧m-ˆP-fôG-¤ºÛ-FÛ¤Å-ŸÛz-hï-ºIô-¾ÞGÅ-mô¼-º²ô¾-‚ãP-zºÛ-ÇezÅ- Û̂Å-±ß¾-¿km-m¤üiP-zhïm-¤-‚ãP-zºÛ-GÅ¾-D-‚ãP-z-ŸÛG-¾-FÛ¤Å-DP-hï-¼P-GÛÅ-zB¼-ŸÛz-‚ïh-qºÛ-ºIô-¾ÞGÅü

1ü ºhÅ-qºÛ-hÝÅ-ÅÞ-‚ãP-zºÛ-‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-hP-ºƒï¾-zº¤ü»P-m-hïºÛ-fh-zÅ¤-„Àô-GbôP-zü2ü FÛ¤Å-GŸÛº¤-fG-GTôh-TÛG-h-¿eºÛ-hÝÅ-±ïÅ-¾Å-GŸm-qºÛ-ºhÅ-qºÛ-hÝÅ-±ïÅ-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-mÅ-¿G-zÇe¼-‚ïh-Mã¼-h¤ÛGÅ-qü

Zô-±ôP-hP-vôh-¾ïm-Ç+zÅ-hr-F¾-HÛ-hôh-hÝ-‚ãP-º²Ûm-m¤-»ÛG-VºÛ-ÇeïP-¢¼-MãºÛ-=Û-ÅÛº¤-¢¼-f¤ü

GmÅ-ÇePÅ-Å¤-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-ÁÛG-GôP-ºwï¾-hP-ü mô¼-zTôÅü »P-m-XïÅ-Nå¼-GbôP-hGôÅ-¤Ûm-ŸÛz-ºWâG-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-hzP-º²Ûm-¾Å-DÞPÅ-̂ Û-¤Û-Çkï-ŸÛG

ŸÝ-z-zB¼-¾ïmü zB¼-zÁï¼ü

1ü xÛ¼-¿eü2ü hÝÅ-±ïÅ-»¼-¾ôG-GÛü

F¾-f¤ü

zB¼-ŸÛz-¿Ëm-MÅü

retrial

retrospective

revenue stamp

review board

45Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü1ü xÛ¼-ºfïm-‚ïh-q-hP-xÛ¼-±ß¼-Ç+ôP-zü»P-m-D-xôGÅ-zNå¼-z-zTÅ- Û̂-ÇKô-mÅ-‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-mÝÅ-¤ïh-z ô̧-zü2ü BzÅ-zTô¾-¾¤-»P-m-xÛ-M¾-hÝ-GmÅ-Çkôh- Û̂-¾Å-GmÅ-mÅ-GP-¸G-Vï-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-¼P-»Þ¾-hÝ-±ß¼-zÇ+ôP-zü

GmÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-¤fº-Ç+ô¼-hÝ-ÇKô¼-¤ô¼-ºDô¼-zºÛ-ºGÝ¾-Bôh-V-±P-GTÛG-Çeïüh¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-G¸º-Ç+¼-GTÛG-GÛÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-¾-ºDô¼-±ß¾ü

1ü ¼P-ZÛh-¾-fôz-ºhôh-qºÛ-¤WâG-ºƒÅ-hïºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-iP-zhïm-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-¾¤-mÅ-‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-¾-ÁÝGÅ-Aïm-‚ïh-qº¤-»P-m-Gô-OÛG-‚ïh-qü2ü ¤±ô-GbÛP-P¤-»P-m-Å-ºôG-mÅ-lô-ÇoÝ¤-hP-Åô¾-½ÀPÅ-ºhôm-q¼-z;ô¾-zºÛ-ºyâ¾-VÅ-Vïm-qô-ŸÛG3ü Iâ-G Û̧PÅ- Û̂-ÇeïP-hÝ-Iâ-G»ô¼-hP-h¼-ÁÛP-ÅôGÅ-OïP-º²âGÅ-‚ïh-±ß¾ü

‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-¾-FÛ¤Å-¤fÞm-HÛ-fôz-hzP-¿km-qºÛ-GP-¸G

1ü OÛG-º²âGÅ-hP-fzÅ-¾¤-ÅôGÅ-È-TP-GÛ-h¤-mm-hP-zNå¼-zTôÅ-h;º-zü

1ü xÛ¼-zÇkÝ-‚ïh-qü2ü xÛ¼-ºGÝG-‚ïh-qü

ºDô¼-Bôhü

1ü μâm-OÛG-‚ïh-qü2ü ºƒâh-ºfïm-ºyâ¾-VÅü3ü G Û̧PÅ-G»ô¼-z;ôh-OÛG

fôz-fP-Tm-HÛ- ô̄h-¾ïm-qü

1ü z®m-qôü h¤-qôü2ü ¼ïPÅ-qôü HôP-qôü

revoke

revolution

rig

rightful claimant

rigid

Administration 46 º²Ûm-BôP-ü2ü zï¤-hPôÅ-¿e-zÞ-¼ïPÅ-qô-hP-ÇKÝ¾-zº¤-ºGÝGÅ-h;º-zü

z®ôm-q-n¤Å-¾-¾¤-z ô̧-Mã-hP-lô-GTG-Mãü Å-zÇSôG-Mãü ºƒâ-ºfG-Mãü ÇS¼-Æô¾-HÛ-¾G-¾Å-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-fôm-Bïh-Çtï¾-Cæm-HÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-DG-GZï¼-Mã-zTÅ-h;º-±ïGÅ-Tm-HÛ-P¾- ô̄¾-iG-qô-Ç+Ý¾-zºÛ-z®ôm-ºWâG-ZïÅ-Vhü

1ü ¤-ºôPÅ-q¼-Aïm-Pm-z¼-Vh-hP-¤WâG-ºƒÅ-Pm-qº¤-Gmôh-Bôm-»ôP-GŸÛü2ü ¼Ûm-fP-Vï-zºÛ-hPôÅ-qôº¤-G¾-ºGPÅ-Vï-zºÛ-‚-GŸG-¿e-zÞ-Gmôh-Bôm-»ôP-ÆÛh-Å¼-¢ô¼-zü3ü hôm-hPôÅ-fôG-zÅ¤-±ß¾-z¸P-qô-ŸÛG-¤-»Ûm-qº¤ü »P-m-¾ïGÅ-Iâz-º‚ãP-¤Û-ÆÛh-q¼-¼P-ZÛh- Û̂Å-ÁïÅ-qºÛ-‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-¼P-ZÛh-Û̂Å- ô̄¤-q¼-‚ïh-qü

1ü xôGÅ-Bôh-‚Å-bï-±ôP-ÁG-G¤-T-¾G-Zô-¤Û-n¤Å-ºzôh-ºGÝG-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-±ôP-q-ŸÛG2ü M-¾¤-¿e-zÞ-Z¤Å-GÅôºÛ-¾Å-;ºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-JÀÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-¤Ûü

P¾-z®ômü

1ü Zïm-±zÅü Zïm-Dü2ü Zïm-D¼-º²âh-qü3ü »-»Þh-‚ïh-qü

1ü ±ôP-Ç+ô¼-zü2ü ¾¤-z ô̧-zü ¾¤-zTôÅ-zü

rigorousimprisonment

risk

roadman

47Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üÇoÝ¤-ºDô¼-ºIô-Bôh- Û̂-Vïh-hÝ-h¤ÛGÅ-qºÛ-¾¤-GŸÝP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vü

Mãm-hÝ-¤Û-n¤Å- Û̂Å-‚ïh-qºÛ-½‰ôG-º²ÛPÅ-Tm-HÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-‚-Mã¼-ºV¼-z;ôh-‚ïh-VôG-qºÛ-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼-HÛ-»ô-VÅ-ÁÛG

1ü uÛ-±ôGÅ-Å¤-±ôGÅ-Çkïü »P-m-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-mP-‚-hPôÅ-Å¤-GP-¸G-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-¾-»ôh-qºÛ-ºƒï¾-zº¤-hGôÅ-hôm-m¤-GmÅ-ÇePÅü2ü Gb¤-zXôh-hP-JÀôG-z½‰m-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-ºFz-Çeôm-ŸÛG-GÛ-ºFz-MãºÛ-V-ÁÅü

fô-GŸÝP-hÝ-ºDôh-qºÛ-¤ÛP-n¤Å-±P-¤Ûm-ŸÛz-zÁï¼-Vïh-¼ï-¼ï-mÅ-ºzôh-±ß¾ü

hÝÅ-»Þm-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-¼ÛP-¾G-zÇe¼-zHÛÅ-qºÛ-XïÅ-ÅÞ-ºV¼-Tm-zB¼-ŸÛz-¾-hÝÅ-zÇeàm-D-Ç+ôP-hGôÅ-qºÛ-ºV¼-GŸÛü

Gmº-zôºÛ-¼ô¤-HÛ-ÍP-IPÅ- Û̂-G Þ̧GÅü

1ü ¾Å-zGôÅ-ºDô¼-¼ïÅ- Û̂-fô-GŸÝP-ŸÛG2ü ¾Å-hôm-GP-»P-¼ÞP-z-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-¤Z¤-ŸÝGÅ-fÞz-PïÅ- Û̂-¤ÛºÛ-fô-GŸÝP.ü

1ü zdm-±ßGÅ-ÅÞ-GmÅ-qºÛ-hzÞÅ- Û̂-¿eï-

ºDô¼-¾¤ü

¿UGÅ- Û̂-¤Û-ÉïP.ü ºyâ¾-¤Ûü

1ü ‚ïh-ÇKôü ¾Å-ºGmü2ü ºFz-Vü hôm-Vü

¤ÛP-zÁï¼ü

ºDô¼-Bôh-ºV¼-GŸÛü

¼ô¤-HÛ-ÍP-;Ûü

1ü ¾Å-zGôÅ-fô-GŸÝP.ü2ü ¤Û-ºIôºÛ-fôGŸÝP.ü

1ü ºDô¼-ºIôÅü

roadway

robot

role

roll-call

rolling plan

roman figures

roster

rotation

Administration 48 º²Ûm-BôP-üGmÅ-ÁÛG-¾-ÇKô¼-¤ô¼-ºDô¼-±ß¾ü2ü zdm-±ßGÅ-ÅÞ-GmÅ-qºÛ-hzÞÅ-Û̂-¿eï-GmÅ-ÁÛG-¾-ºDô¼-Bôh-V-±P-ŸÛG3ü GmÅ-zzÅ-Eh-q¼-z-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-z;ô¾-uôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qôº¤üGP-¸G-GP-ŸÛG-hÝÅ-¤±¤Å-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-¾-hïºÛ-±z-bà-GŸm-ŸÛG-z;ô¾-ÇePÅü

G®P-ƒÛÅ-ŸÝ-hG-¤-‚Å-qºÛ-fôG-¤ºÛ-Û̧m-ƒÛÅü

1ü Å-V-GTÛG-mÅ-GŸm-hÝ-ÇÀïzÅ-qºÛ-Vïh-ºIô-Åü2ü uÛ-uôh-½ÀPÅ-ºDô¼-hP-¤ï-ºDô¼-ÅôGÅ- Û̂Å-Mãm-hÝ-ºIâ¾-zŸÝh-‚-»Þ¾-¾¤-»P-m-hPôÅ- ô̧G-n¤Å-ºV¼-Tm-GbP-»Þ¾-HÛ-¾¤-ŸÛG3ü ‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-¾ïGÅ-Iâz-»ôP-zºÛ-‚-fzÅ-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG

uÛ-uôh-½ÀPÅ-ºDô¼-hP-¤ï-ºDô¼-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-¤hÝm-PôÅ-ÅÞ-z;¾-zºÛ-ÇKô-qP-ŸÛG-Çeïü hïÅ-ºIô-»Þ¾-hP-¾¤-z¼-HÛ-Å-±ßGÅ-G®ô-Vï-DG-GÅ¾-Çeôm-‚ïhü

¾¤-GŸÝP-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-

2ü Ç+ô¼-z-V-±P.ü3ü ¼ïÅ-¤ôÅü ºDô¼-¼ïÅü

¼GÅ- Û̧mü

1ü ¾¤ü2ü Mã-¾¤ü3ü fzÅ-¾¤ü

¾¤-‚P.ü ¾¤-zlºÛ-‚P-zÞü

¾¤-GŸÝP-Gô¤-zIôhü

rough copy

route

route indicatorpanel

route march

49Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üfG-¼ÛP-hÝ-Gô¤-zIôh-‚-xÛ¼-h¤G-¤ÛºÛ-¾ÞÅ-¢ôP-ŸÛG

GmÅ-hôm-ŸÛG-¾-zÅ¤-„Àô-¤P-qô-¤-zbP-z¼-Mãm-¿km-PP-VôG-¤Vm-GmP-zü

1ü h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-HÛ-zXôh-GŸÛ-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-GŸÛ-¯ºÛ-GmÅ-hômü2ü ÆôG-VGÅ-hP-Bï-hPôÅ-¿e-zÞºÛ-ºwï¾-¼Û¤-HÛ-fôG-¤ºÛ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅü

hzP-º²Ûm-HÛ-Gô-GmÅ-¿km-qºÛ-Bï-zô-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-Çeïü h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-FÛ¤Å-hqôm-¿e-zÞ-ŸÛG-GÛ-fG-GTôh-TÛG

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-M¾-Dz- Û̂-GŸÝP-GÛ-ºGm-hzP-Tm-HÛ-Çkï-DG

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾- ï̄h-¼ÛGÅ-ºIm-ÇkÝ¼-‚ïh-ÇKô-hï-ZÛh-ºIô-¤ÞÅ- Û̂-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-fh-;¼-Mãm-Vh-¤ïh-q¼-ºIï¾-zXôh-‚ïh-±ß¾-ŸÛG

ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-¤ïh-q¼-Ç+h-Tô¼-hP-Gbà¤-uôh-Çtï¾-zü

IôP-¤fºÛ-Å-DÞ¾-hP-ºi-zº¤-ºƒï¾-zü

1ü IôP-GÅïz-DÞ¾-HÛ-º±ô-z-¾-¼P-

ºHÛG-f¤ü

1ü GŸÛ-¤ü2ü Ÿ-¿ËG

fG-GTôhü

GŸÝP-º²Ûm-±ôGÅ-qü

zÇeàh-ºIï¾ü

Û̧P-MããG

IôP-GÅïz- Û̂ü

1ü IôP-GÅïz-¾-hGº-Ÿïmü

rubber stamp

rudiment

ruling

ruling party

runningcommentary

run riot

rural

rustication

Administration 50 º²Ûm-BôP-üzŸÛm-HÛÅ-Åï¤Å-VGÅ-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü2ü G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-GZï¼-DP-ŸÛG-mÅ-ÇÀôz-yâG-TÛG-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-¼ÛP-xÛ¼-ºzÞh-GbôP-zºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü3ü IôP-GÅïz-Å-DÞ¾-hÝ-MP-ºzÞh-GbôP-±ß¾ü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-¤fô-ÇÀôz-z¤-G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-GZï¼-DP-GÛ-ÇÀôz-hqôm-n¤Å-Mãm-Gbm-HÛ-¾Å-DÞ¼-¤±¤Å-ºWôG-GÛÅü Å-DÞ¾-GŸm-hÝ-ºIâ¾-Bôh-hP-Z¤Å-ŸÛz-¾Å-hôm-Vïh-JÀ-»ôh-fôG-zBôh-VôG-qºÛ-hÝÅ-»Þm-ŸÛG

h¤G-hqÞP-ÅôGÅ-GbP-MãºÛ-ÇkÛGÅ-¼-zÇ+Ý¾-zºÛ-‚-GŸG

¼P-GÛ-D-Gbh-h¤-hI-zôºÛ-¾Å-hôm-¾¤-¿ËôP-ºGôG-fzÅ-ÅÞü hïºÛ-D¼-hzP-hP-Gô-¤±ôm-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼-ÅôGÅ-Vïh-¤PGÅ-Gbô¼-zÁÛG-GbôP-zü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾- Û̄-ÁÛP-hP-ÆôG-VGÅ-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-BÛ-¤ôºÛ-μÅ-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛ-A¾-qº¤-DÞG-¤-VßP-PÞ.ü

1ü ºƒÅ-hP-Iô-xïü lô-Åô¾-¿e-zÞ-

2ü ºy¾-Åï¾-xÛ¼-ºzÞhü3ü ¤f¼-Côhü

¾Å-ÅïP.ü fôz-ÅïP.ü

iG-qôºÛ-ÇkÛGÅ-zÇ+Ý¾ü

Vïh-¤PGÅ-Gbô¼-Lô¾-‚ïh-qü

BÛ-DÞG

1ü Nï-¤ôü

sabbatical leave

saber-rattling

sabotage

sac

sack

51Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ühPôÅ-μÅ-wôm-Vïm-¿kÝG-q-hP-Bï¾-ºiïm-Vïh-ºHÛG-hP-ÁôG-zÞº¤ü »P-m-hPôÅ-μÅ-Æ-zôºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛ-ºWâ-¾ÞP-¤ïh-qºÛ-Nï-¤ôü2ü ¾Å-;-ºfÞÅ-Áô¼-¼¤-FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-‚-uôh-ÅôGÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-Mã-¤±m-HÛÅ-¾Å-¤Û-GP-ŸÛG-;¤-q-aÛ-ŸÛG-mÅ-xÛ¼-ºzÞh-GbôP-±ß¾ü3ü z®m-z Þ̧P-‚Å-qºÛ-IôP-Eï¼-ÅôGÅ-Û̂-mô¼-μÅ-¼ÛGÅ-Gbô¼-Bôm-hP-ºyôG-zTô¤-z@ÝÅ-Eï¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG

Zïm-D-»ôh-Å¼-ºIâ¾-Bôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-ºWâ-z Þ̧P-P¤-±ß¼-Lô¾-HÛ-Zïm-D-¾Å-ÆâP-Bôz-z¤ü »P-m-hï-¿e-zÞºÛ-ÆâP-Bôz- Û̂-DÅ-¾ïm-»ôh-qºÛ-»ÛG-V-ŸÛG

¯-VïºÛ-Mã-mô¼-n¤Å-z½ÀG-Çeô¼-hP-¤ï-Bôm-¿e-zÞºÛ-Zïm-D-¤ïh-Å¼-zTô¾-ºWôG-‚ïh-ÅºÛ-hPÞ¾-DP-P¤-zTô¾-GmÅü

hPÞ¾-DP-mP-Mãm-Gbm-hÝ-G¾-VïºÛ-»ÛG-V-DG-hP-Mm-V-¿e-zÞºÛ-¯-VïºÛ-Mã-mô¼-n¤Å- Þ̧¼-hÝ-ºWôG-ÅºÛ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛ-ÇK¤-z®m-qô-ŸÛG

ºôÅ-zÇkÝºÛ-¾¤-mÅ-¤Û-¤P-GÛÅ-zB¼-hÝ-ºhï¤Å-fôm-HÛÅ-Å-¤ÛG-hïºÛ-fôG-»ôh-zŸÛm-qºÛ-±ôGÅ-q-hïÅ-¤Þ-¤fÞh-º²Ûm-fÞz-

2ü xÛ¼-ºzÞhü GmÅ-h‚ãP-ü3ü Gbô¼-zTô¤ü

Zïm-ÆâP-¾¤-»ÛG

z®m-Å¼-zTô¾-ºWôG

z®m-ÇK¤ü

Gbm-fÞz-@Ýz-ÇeïGÅü

safe conduct

safe deposit

safe depositbox

safe seat

Administration 52 º²Ûm-BôP-üPïÅ- Û̂-@Ýz-ÇeïGÅ-ÁÛG

¾Å-;-ŸÛG-GÛ-JÀ-wôGÅ-¾ïm-¤Dm-m¤ü »P-m-JÀ-wôGÅ-vôh-hGôÅ-qºÛü

1ü hPÞ¾-hPôÅ-ÅôGÅ-±ôP-Nå¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG-G¤-zMãh-¼Û¤ü2ü hï-ÇSôm-fôm-μÅ-½‰ÛP-q-¿ËG-ºyôÅ-n¤Å-G®P-z ô̧-Vïh-±ôP-DP-P¤üz ô̧-IÔ-ÅôGÅ- Û̂Å-Mãm-Gbm-vôh-ºW¾-HÛ-¼Ûm-GôP-¾Å-h¤º-zº¤-VG-»P-hÝ-GbôP-zºÛ-hÝÅ-Ç+zÅ-ÁÛG

±ôP-DP-mP-±ôP- ô̧G-Zô-¤Dm-n¤Å-Û̂-¼ôGÅ-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-JÀ-qü

;¤-q-aÛ-ŸÛG-GÛ-fôm- ô̧G-n¤Å-±ôP-ºIï¤Å- Û̂-ºGm-DÞ¼-M¾-Dz-z¤-±ôP-ºƒï¾-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-Çkï-±mü

;¤-q-aÛ-¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-fôm- ô̧G-n¤Å-±ôP-Nå¼-‚-MãºÛ-h¤ÛGÅ-»Þ¾-HÛÅüºƒï¾-»ôh-±ôP-q-G¾-Vï-n¤Å-hP-Vïh-¤PGÅ-ºƒï¾-z-‚-Mã¼-;¤-q-aÛ-ŸÛG-mÅ-zÇ+ôÅ-qºÛ-GP-¸G

±ôP-ÁG-Zô-¤Dm-n¤Å-¾-Mãm-Gbm-vôh-ºW¾-HÛ-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-‚ãP-º²Ûm-¿e¼-

salaried

sale

sales clerk

sales department

salesrepresentative

sales slip

wôGÅ-fôz-Tmü

1ü ±ôP-Nå¼ü2ü ÇtäÅ-Nå¼ü

±ôP-¼ôGÅü ±ôP-G»ôG

±ôP-Nå¼-Çkï-±mü

±ôP-Nå¼-Ç+Ý-±zü

±ôP-º²Ûmü

53Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü±ôP-DP-Fôh-±ôP-ÁG-n¤Å- Û̂Å-WÛ-®¤-ZôÅ-qº¤-hï¼-z®ôPÅ-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-hP-hïºÛ-¼Ûm-GôP-n¤Å- Û̂-ŸÛz-yºÛ-fô-ºGôhü

hPôÅ-μÅ-Zô-±ôP-‚Å-qºÛ-¼Ûm-ºzz- Û̂-zM-V-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GŸÝP-¾-ºW¾-hGôÅ-qºÛ-Vü

hPôÅ-μÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇtäÅ-;-hP-ü Eh-VôÅü z ô̧-h‚ÛzÅ-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-¤±ôm-‚ïhü

1ü ±ï¤-iâzÅ- Û̂-Nå-¯¾-hqï-¤±ôm-Ço-±ôGÅ- Û̂Å-zMm-qºÛ-¼Å-VºÛ-hÝ¤-zÞü2ü h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇtäÅ-±h-hP-Eh-VôÅ-¾-hrh-q-‚ïh-¤Dmü

»Þm-¼ÛP-mh- Û̂Å-¤m¼-ŸÛP-zTôÅ-fzÅ-h;º-zºÛ-mh-q-n¤Å-GÅô-fzÅ-Vïh-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-Ç¨m-zTôÅ-¿e-BôP-‚ïh-ÅºÛ-Ç̈m-DP-¿e-zÞü

1ü ¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-zNå¼-zTôÅ-Å¤-¾G-zÇe¼-‚-Mã¼-GŸÝP-GÛ-z;º-ºFô¾-¾¤-¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-VôG-¤Vmü2ü M¾-uÛºÛ-FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ-¾-z Û̄-ÆâP-ŸÝ-Vïh-hï¼-M¾-Dz-TÛG-GÛ-FÛ¤Å-¤fÞm-hP-ºG¾-zºÛ-±ôP-ºƒï¾-HÛ-‚-GŸG-ÅôGÅ-z;G-ºGôG-‚-Mã-GŸÝP-GÛ-z;º-Vhü

sales tax

sample

sampler

sanatorium

sanction

±ôP-F¾ü

ÇtäÅ-±hü hqï-±hü

1ü ±ï¤-iâzÅ-ÇtäÅ-±hü2ü ÇtäÅ-±h-¿e-¤Dmü

mh-GÅô-DP-ü

1ü z;º-ºFô¾ü2ü h¤-zOGÅ-z;º-Vhü

Administration 54 º²Ûm-BôP-ü¾Å-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-GbP-MãºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzz-TÛÛG-GŸÝP-GÛÅ-PôÅ-mÅ-z;º-ºFô¾-‚ãP-±ß¾ü

¾Å-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-z;º-ºFô¾-fôz- Û̧m-qºÛ-ºIô-Iôm-¼ôz- Û̄Åü

1ü ¤ÛºÛ-¤Û-±ïº¤-ºWÛm-dïm-¤fÞm-ºWâG-GÛ-GZïm-OÛG-¿e-zÞ-È-TP-G¾-ºGPÅ-Vï-ŸÛP-z Û̄-z;Ý¼-ºôÅ-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü2ü GP-ŸÛG-¯-Vïm-qôºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü

1ü GŸm-HÛ-Gmôh-º±ï-º¤-XïÅ-ÅÞ-zÇ‰ïGÅ-qºÛ-hI-zôºÛ-ºWÛGÅ-Zïm-¿e-zÞ-¾Å-ƒôÅ-»Ûz-‚-ÅºÛ-GmÅ-»Þ¾-¾¤-BzÅ-zTô¾-ÅºÛ-GmÅü2ü EÛ-¼-z-ÅôGÅ- Û̂Å-ºWâ-z Þ̧P-P¤-Gmôh-º±ï-¿e-zÞºÛ-Zïm-D-hP-ƒ¾-zºÛ-¼Û-hÐGÅ-hP-‚-‚ÛºÞ-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-GmÅ-»Þ¾ü

ÇÀôz-yâG-n¤Å-¾-uÛ¼-zbP-ÇÀôz-GZï¼-hP-¤Z¤-hÝ-¾G-¾ïm-¢ôP-zl¼-»ôh-qºÛ-ÇÀôz-±m-ŸÛG

Åï¤Å-n¾-hÝ-GmÅ-qº¤-GmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-fôG-Mã-¤±m-¿km-qºÛ-fG-

sanctioned budget

sanctioned budgetestimate

sanctity

sanctuary

sandwich course

sane

z;º-ºFô¾-ÇSôm- Û̄Åü

±ôh-hqG-z;º-ºFô¾-ÇSôm- Û̄Åü

ï1ü ¯-Vïmü ¼Ûm-fP-Tmü2ü G®ÛGÅü

1ü BzÅ-»Þ¾ü2ü ¼Û-hÐGÅ-±¾ü

ÇÀôz-±m-Çtï¾-¤ü

¼ÛG-º±ô- Û̧m-qü

55Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üGTôh-‚ïh-fÞz-¤Dmü

¼P-GÛ-¾ÞÅ-qô-zhï-fP-hP-Dô¼-»ÞG-ÅôGÅ-G®P-¤¼-Z¼-±GÅ-Vïh-¤Û-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-¤Û-G®P-z-¿e-zÞ-‚Û-hô¼-‚ïh-±ß¾ü

hGôÅ-¤ïh-hÝ-zïh-¤-uh-q¼-zÆÛ-±GÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-hPôÅ-hP-hÝÅ-±ôh-ÅôGÅü

hô-zhG-¼P-ZÛh- Û̂Å-hPÞ¾-DP-mÅ-hPÞ¾-ÅôGÅ-hÝÅ-±ôh-m¤-»Ûm-¾-xÛ¼-ºhôm-mP-ºWâG-VôG-q¼-¤-¸hü hPÞ¾-ºzz-zTô¾-ºWôG-GÛ-Bïh-;ºP-fôz-MãºÛ-hPÞ¾-DP-zTßG-F-ŸÛG

zTô¾-ºWôG-‚ãP-zºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzz-¤-º²âGÅ-‚ïh-q-hP-GÅôG-zTô¾-‚ïh-qô-hô-zhG-Åô-Åô¼-Bïh-;-vôh-ºW¾-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-hPÞ¾-DP.ü

1ü Mã-GP-ŸÛG-¾-zdïm-mÅ-¤-ºôPÅ-q¼-ºyh-MãºÛ-ºƒÅ-zÞ-WÛ-ºi-ŸÛG-bà-ºHã¼-ÆÛh-qºÛ-Ç+ô¼-ºIï¾-zXôh-¿e-zÞü2ü JÀôG-z½‰m-HÛ-ºFz-GŸÝP-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-mP-hôm-ŸÛz-V-¤Ûm-q¼-Ç‰ÛP-zÇkÝÅ-ÁÛG-ƒÛÅ-qü

M-G¼-mP-GŸÝP-mÅ-ÆâP-Bôz-hP-ÁïÅ-»ôm-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-¤fÞm-Aïm-

sanitary

saving

saving account

savings bank

scenario

scheduled caste

G®P-£ºÛü

GÅôG-ºWôG

GÅôG-zTô¾- Û̄Å-Fü

GÅôG-zTô¾-hPÞ¾-DP.ü

1ü ‚ãP-¼Û¤-HÛ-ºIï¾-zÁhü2ü JÀôG-z½‰m-HÛ-Oô¤-GŸÛü

Þ̧¼-zÅ¾-¼ÛGÅ-Çkïü

Administration 56 º²Ûm-BôP-ü¢ô¼-ÅºÛ-¼ÛGÅ- Û̂-±m-qü

M-G¼-GŸÝP-mÅ-ÆâP-Bôz-hP-ÁïÅ-»ôm-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-¤fÞm-Aïm-¢ô¼-ÅºÛ-Å-BïÅ-lô-BïÅ- Û̂-IôP-GÅïz-q-¿e-zÞü

1ü ¾Å-hôm-m¤-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-ÅôGÅ-¾G-zÇe¼-hP-z;ôh-OÛG-GÛ-¼Û¤-qü2ü ¼P-ZÛh-¾-Dï-wm-fôz-Vïh-hÝ-GŸm-n¤Å-¤Gô-Ç+ô¼-zÇÀâ-ƒÛh-‚ïh-fzÅ- Û̂-G»ô-NåºÛ-ºV¼-GŸÛü

Bï-zô-ŸÛG-ÇÀôz-GZï¼-‚-MãºÛ-¤fÞm-Aïm-hÝ-±ôGÅ-qº¤-ÇÀôz-IÔ-ŸÛG-mÅ-fôz-MãºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzzü

ÇÀôz-IÔ-DG-GÛ-ÁïÅ-»ôm-hP-ºyôh-zÇeïm-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-G Û̧GÅ-BôP-hP-¤fÞm-Aïm-¤Dô-vôh-‚-MãºÛ-ºGm-DÞ¼-Tm-HÛ-Å-GmÅ-º²Ûm-BôP-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü

GŸÝP-GZï¼-ÇÀôz-IÔ-DG-GÛ-ÁïÅ-»ôm-HÛ-Vß-±h-¾ïGÅ-ZïÅ-G Û̧GÅ-ŸÛz-Vïh-GŸÝP-GÛÅ-zÇ+ô-GŸG-‚Å-qºÛ-¾Å-‚ïhü

ÇÀôz-yâG-TÛG-GÛ-¼P-ZÛh-ÇÀôz-IÔÔºÛ-Fôh-ÇÀôz-GZï¼-HÛ-hÝÅ-±ôh-¤fº-¤-ŸÛG

scheduled tribes

scheme

scholarship

school board

school inspector

schoolie

Þ̧¼-zÅ¾-±ô-Çkïü

1ü ºV¼-GŸÛü2ü G»ô-‚ãÅü

ÇÀôz-»ômü

ÇÀôz-IÔºÛ-¿Ëm-MÅü

ÇÀôz-IÔÔºÛ-dôG-ŸÛz-qü

kfôm-;ºÛ-ÇÀôz-yâG¾ô-¤fºÛ-ÇÀôz-yâG

57Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üzïh-uôh-¸h-mÅ-hô¼-‚ºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-±ôh-hqG-‚Å-qºÛ-¼Ûm-fP.ü

1ü hqï-hïz-z¤-»ÛG-V-¿e-zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-fôG-¤ºÛ-»ÛG-GŸÛü2ü JÀôG-z½‰m-ºFz-Çeôm-hP-½ÀâP-ºyÛm-MP-ÆÛP.ü ¹ôÅ-G¼ü Gb¤-zXôh-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Vïh-hÝ-ƒÛÅ-qºÛ-¤-hqï-ŸÛG

GmÅ-hôm-‚ãP-Aïm-GP-»Ûm-q-hïºÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-ŸÛz-y-dôGÅ-fzÅ- Û̂-ŸÛz-ºWâG-hô-mm-ŸÛG

‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¼Ûm-GôP-zÇkÝ¼-±h-Ç+zÅ-ºƒï¾-»ôh-ºIm-ÇkÝ¼-ŸÝGÅ-¤Û-n¤Å- Û̂Å-¼Ûm-GôP-WÛ-®¤-vôh-¤Ûm-HÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzz-IPÅ-ºzô¼-z;ôh-hï-ºGôh-ºzÞ¾-ŸÝ-±ß¾ü

hPôÅ-qô-hP-¾Å-;-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¼Ûm-GôP-zÇkÝ¼-±h-mP-ŸÝGÅ-¤Û-n¤Å- Û̂Å-¼P-¼P-Åô-ÅôºÛ-ºV¼-GŸÛ-z;ôh-hï-f¤-;ºÛ-MÅ-zbz-qºÛ-»ÛG-Ç+ôGÅü Gbm-ºzïzÅ-hÝÅ-±ïÅ-ZÛm-ºƒï¾-»ôh-±P-º²ô¤Å-Å¼-D-ÇSôG-q-»Ûmü

¤ï-ºDô¼-hP- ï̄h-¤ôºÛ-ºIm-ÇkÝ¼-¿e-zÞ-hÝÅ-»Þm-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-mP-fïPÅ-¤P-zïh-uôh-VôG-qºÛ-‡Û-ÅÛ-ŸÛG

scrap value

script

scrutiny

sealed bid price

sealed tender

season ticket

hô¼-¼Ûmü

1ü ¤-xÛü2ü ºFz-GŸÝP.ü

ŸÛz-zÁï¼ü

h¤-¢¼-¼Ûm-zÇkÝ¼ü

h¤-¢¼-hP-¾ïmü

m¤-hÝÅ-MÅ-zTh-¾G-Eï¼ü

Administration 58 º²Ûm-BôP-üM¾-Dz-z¤-xôGÅ-OÛ¾-¤fÞm-±ôGÅü OÛG-º²âGÅ-¿e-zÞ-ŸÛG-mÅ-¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-HÛ-xÛ¼-ºfïm-‚ïh-±ß¾ü

¾ô-m-LÅ-qºÛ-Mã-¤±m-HÛÅ-Bï-zô-ºGº-¼ïÅ-ÇÀ¼-»P-yâ-GÝºÛ-ÇoP-zº¤-uôh-±ß¾-‚ïh-qºÛ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅü

¤ï-ºDô¼-¼¤-Iâ-G Û̧PÅ-ÅôGÅ-ÅÞ-Çkôh-GmÅ- Û̂-¤fÞm-Aïm-¼Û¤-q-hP-qôºÛ-ºôG-¤ü

¾ô-zTß-GTÛG-mÅ-zTô-zMh-z¼-HÛ-ÇÀôz-yâG-n¤Å- Û̂-Vïh-hÝº¤-hï-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-ÁïÅ-»ôm-ÇÀôz-¢ôP-ŸÛG

fôG-¤ºÛ-Mã-V-¿UGÅ-lô-ÅôGÅ-zïh-uôh-‚Å-mÅ-fôm-μÅ-GÅ¼-q-Cæm-¤Dm-HÛ-z ô̧-IÔÔºÛ-Çkï-±m-ŸÛG

GmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GŸm-¾-¤Û-¤Pôm-q¼-Ç~-GÅP-‚ïh-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü

M¾-Dz-z¤-GŸÝP-GŸm-HÛ-GÅP-zºÛ-¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ŸÛz-yºÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-Åô-ZÝ¾-Vïh-hÝ-zïh-uh-qºÛ-Bï-zôü

ºôÅ-ºhï¤Å- Û̂-¤fº-¤ºÛ-Iâz-ºƒÅ-

secession

second childhood

second class

secondaryeducation

secondary industry

secrecy

secret agent

secret ballot

xÛ¼-ºfïmü

LÅ-q-‚ÛÅ-ÇoP-ü

¼Û¤-q-GZÛÅ-qü

ºƒÛP-¼Û¤-ÁïÅ-»ômü

¼Û¤-q-GZÛÅ-qºÛ-z ô̧-¾Åü

Ç~-GÅP-ü GÅP-fzÅü

GÅP-ZÝ¾-qü

GÅP-zºÛ-ºôÅ-ÁôG

59Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üfG-GTôh-»ôP-fzÅ-ÅÞ-¤Û-¤P-n¤Å- Û̂Å-GÅP-zºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-ºôÅ-ÁôG-ºwïm-ÇePÅü

GŸÝP-ŸÛG-¼P-GÛ-Ç+ô¼-ÆâP-h¤G-¤Û-hP-Vz-ÆÛh- Û̂-GÅP-z-n¤Å-h¤-zOGÅ-hP-ü GŸm-HÛ-GÅP-z-dôGÅ-fzÅ-Vïh-z;ôh-qºÛ-GŸÝP-GÛ-Çkï-±m-‚ï-ƒG-TÛG

GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-Å¤-hÝÅ-»Þm-fÞP-PÞ-ŸÛG-GÛ-¼ÛP-hI¼-º²Ûm-HÛ-h¤G-ºfz-¤±¤Å-ºWôG-‚ïh-qü

¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-‚ïh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-¤Pôm-q¼-¤Û-GÅ¾-z¼-Ç~Å-qºÛ-hGôÅ-hôm-m¤-Mã-¤±mü

¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-¤Pôm-q¼-¤Û-GÅ¾-z¼-GÅP-zºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-Oæz-ºhôh-qºÛ-Åï¤Å- Û̂-h¤ÛGÅ-qº¤-zÅ¤-±ß¾ü

1ü ‚-zºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¤fº-¤ºÛ-‚ãP-zü hqï¼-mü ¤fº-¤ºÛ-zOæz-‚º¤-h¤ÛGÅ-»Þ¾-¿e-zÞü2ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-hïºÛ-fôG-¤º¤ü¤fº-¤ºÛ-¤fº-GP-¼ÞP-ŸÛG

Bï-zôº¤-M¾-Dz-TÛG-¾-¤PGÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-¤-zOæzÅ-±ï-¤WâG-ºƒÅ-Pm-q-WÛ-»ôP-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Zïm-zl-

secret service

truce

ulterior

ulterior motive

ultimate

ultimatum

GÅP-zºÛ-¾Å-hômü GÅP-¾Åü

ºy¾-Åï¾-h¤G-¤±¤Å-ü

Ÿï-wÞGÅ- Û̂ü Mz- Û̂ü

Ÿï-wÞGÅ- Û̂-ºhÝm-qü Mz- Û̂-;Ým-ÇÀôP.ü

1ü ¤f¼-fÞG-GÛü2ü ¤f¼-fÞG

¤fº-±ÛG

Administration 60 º²Ûm-BôP-ü¤fº-¤ü

GŸÝP-»ÛG-ºƒÛ-Æô¾-hÝü ¹-z-Çkôm-¤ºÛ-ŸïÅ-qºÛ-±ÛG-¢ô¼ü

Bï-zô-ŸÛG-GÛ-FÛ¤Å-¤fÞm-HÛ-hzP-±h-¾Å-zL¾-bï-‚Å-qºÛü

ï̄h-¤ô-ÅôGÅ-GmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-fh-zhïm-μâm-fôz-Áô¼-HÛ-fG-GTôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-hzP-V-¿km-qºÛ-Bï-zô-ŸÛG

Gm¤-Iâ-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-mP-zhG-qô-¼P-ZÛh-¤Z¤-hÝ-¤ïh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qôü

GŸm-ÅÞ-hP-GP-GÛÅ-ˆP-¼ôGÅ-ºhïGÅ-¾-¤-zdïm-qºÛü

fG-GTôh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-GmÅ-hôm-ŸÛG-¾-±ôGÅ-¤Û-¿e-zÞ-ºƒï¾-»ôh-±P-¤ºÛ-Mz-Bô¼-¼¤-¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-V-±P-fôz-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü

¤Û-±ôGÅ-mP-GmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-fh-¤P-¤ôÅ- Û̂-Mz-Bô¼-¼¤-¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-V-±P-fôz-qºÛü

¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-GmÅ-zzÅ-Å¤ü ºWôm-fP-ÅôGÅ-¾-GŸm-HÛÅ-»Ûh-Ç̈ôm-hP-

ultimo

ultra-vires

umpire

unaccompaniedbaggage

unaided

unanimity

unanimous

unassuming

¹-z-Çkôm-¤ºÛü ÇSôm-¹ºÛü

hzP-±h-¾Å-zL¾-zºÛü

z¼-hqP.ü

Þ̧¼-GbôP-hô-qôü

¼ôGÅ-¤ïhü IôGÅ-¤ïhü

„Àô- ï̄-GTÛG-¤fÞmü uÛ-¤ôÅ- Û̂-¼P-zŸÛmü

uÛ-¤ôÅ- Û̂ü

¼ï-hôGÅ-¤Û-‚ïh-¤Dmü

61Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ühô-ÇoP-»ôP-zºÛ-ºhÝm-q-¤ïh-qºÛü

GôÅ-Å¤-;Ým-uôh-¿e-zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-Bï-zô-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-¼P-GÁÛÅ-hP-¤Û-¤fÞm-qº¤-hï-¾-¤Û-¤²ïÅ-qºÛü

Mã-mô¼-¼¤-hPôÅ-qô-ÅôGÅ-hô-zhG-¼P-ZÛh- Û̂Å-hzP-z¼-¤Û-zXôh-qºÛü

»ÛG-Vº¤-GmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-fh-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-HÛ-GÅP-M-Tm-bïü ÅÞÅ-ˆP-ÁïÅ-dôGÅ-¤Û-VôG-qºÛ-»ÛG-V-¿e-zÞ-¤-»Ûm-qºÛü

Bï-zôº¤-±ôGÅ-q-wm-±ßm-hz¼-zÅ¤-±ß¾-¤Û-¤fÞm-q-ÅôGÅ-zÇeàm-ºIÛG-‚-MãºÛ-ºhÝm-q-¤ïh-qºÛü

GmÅ-hôm-ÅôGÅ-GP-ŸÛG-zhïm-q¼-»Ûm-qºÛ-DÞPÅ-Bï¾-¼-vôh-¤ïh-qº¤-¤fº-¤¼-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-¤-‚ãP-zºÛü

¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-‚-Mã¼-OÛG-º²âGÅ-Å¤ü Vz-ÆÛh- Û̂-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-ÅôGÅ-M¾-Dz- Û̂-¯-FÛ¤Å- Û̂Å-GmP-z-¤ïh-qºÛü

ºôÅ-zÇkÝ-¿e-zÞ-GmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-¾-GŸm-HÛ-ºIm-¹-¤ïh-qºÛü

unbecoming

unclaimed

unclassified

uncompromising

unconfirmed

unconstitutional

uncontested

¤Û-Çt¤-qºÛü zzÅ-¤Û-VGÅ-qü¤Û-¼m-qü

zhG-¤ïh-hÝ-¾ÞÅ-qºÛü

GÅP-z-¤Ûm-qºÛü

¼P-Áïh-Tmü zÇeàm-fzÅ-¤ïh-qºÛü

Gbm-¤-ºDï¾-zºÛü ¼-ºyôh-¤-‚ãP-zºÛü

¯-FÛ¤Å-hP-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛü ¯-FÛ¤Å-hP-ºG¾-zºÛü

D-Gbh-¤ïh-qºÛü

Administration 62 º²Ûm-BôP-üGb¤-zÁh-ÅôGÅ-¿e-zÞ-DÞPÅ-¾ÞP-z®m-qô-»ôP-z¼-hqP-dGÅ-GŸm-HÛ-Mz-Bô¼-¤ïh-qºÛü

¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-fh-¼P-ZÛh-̂ Û-mÝÅ-¤fÞº¤ü GŸm-HÛ-¼ï-ºhôh-¿e¼-Oæz-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-GP-̧ G-G¤-hPôÅ-qôü

FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-Å¤-¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-hGôÅ-¤DôºÛ-¾ô-±h-PïÅ-Tm-¾Å-h¤º-zü

z ô̧-IÔ-ÅôGÅ-mÅ-zCæm-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼-hP-¤±ßPÅ-qºÛ-º²h-uôh-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-hGôÅ-¤Dô-hï-®¤-¤ïh-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅü M¾-Dz- Û̂-z ô̧-±ôP-hP-hq¾-º‚ô¼-ÅôGÅ-Z¤Å-ZïÅ-‚ãP-zºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü

Gbm-ºzïzÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-¾Å-»Þm-¾Å-ZÝP-zº¤-xïh-®¤-HÛ-¾Å-;

¼P-ZÛh-Dô-mºÛ-Dï-wm-HÛ-Vïh-hÝ-¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÅP-z-hP-¤-iP-qºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-‚Å-qºÛü

hPôÅ-»ôh-vôh-¾ïm-HÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼-¾Å-ZÝP-z¼-ºDôh-qºÛ-hPôÅ- ô̧G-zbP-fô-¤Dô-vôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG

uncorroborated

under achiever

under age

underconsumption

under employment

under hand

under invoice

Mz-dïm-¤ïh-qºÛü

¼ï-±h-¤-¾ôP-¤Dmü

¾ô-±h-¤-¾ôm-qºÛü

Zï¼-uôh-ZÝP-Bômü

¾Å-;-ZÝP-Bômü

ºôG-¾G

fôz-F-ºyÛ-GTôG

63Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üz ô̧-IÔÔº¤-Ç̈m-DP-ÅôGÅ-̂ Û-¾Å-;-¾ïGÅ-qô-»ôP-Vïh-hÝ-hGôÅ-¤DôºÛ-¾Å-¤Û-ºhP-PïÅ-¤ïh-qü

hGôÅ-¤Dô-zbôm-qº¤-Mãm-¿km-HÛ-¤Dô-vôh-‚ïh-q-¾Å-ZÝP-zºÛ-fôm-Bïhü

¤PGÅ-Zô-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-OÛG-º²âGÅ-¾-ÇÀ¼-»P.ÇKô-zÇeàm-¤- Û̧m-z¼-hÝ-¤fº-¤ºÛ-±ôP-fG-GTôh-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü

T-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-hôm-hPôÅ- Û̂-¼Ûm-GôP-¾Å-ZÝP-z¼-¼Ûm-GôP-MG-qü

1ü hïP-hÝÅ- Û̂-º²âGÅ-Cæm-hP-ü ºyâ¾-¾Åü ºyôh-zÇeïmü hzô¼-ºiïm-ÅôGÅ-Û̂-¤fÞm-Aïm-»¼-MÅ-¤Û-¿km-qºÛ-M¾-Dz-¿e-zÞü2ü Bï-zô-¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-¾ô-±h-hP-¤Z¤-q¼-¾ÞÅ-qôºÛ-ÇeôzÅ-hP-V-±h-¤-¾ôPÅ-qºÛü

¾Å-DÞPÅ-Fôh-¾Å-hÝÅ-V-±P-¾Å-;-‚ïh-¤Dm-ŸÛG-¾Å-hÝÅ-»Þm-ZÝP-z¼-‚ïh-¤Dm-m¤ü ¾Å-;-ºhP-PïÅ-ÁÛG-‚-Mã-¤ïh-qºÛü

G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-GZï¼-DP-P¤ü ¤fô-ÇÀôz-DP-hÝ-GmÅ-¼Û¤-hP-qô-fôz-Vïh-ÇÀôz-

under manned

underproduction

under reference

underbill

underdeveloped

underemployed

undergraduate

¤Û-V-¤-ºhP-zºÛü ¤Û-V-ZÝP-zºÛü

fôm-Bïh-ZÝP-Bômü

ºƒï¾-fG-¤- Û̧m-qºÛü

¼Ûm-ºzz-¾Å-h¤º-zºÛ-fôz-º²Ûm-z ô̧-zü

1ü »¼-MÅ- Û̂-±h-¤-¾ôPÅ-qºÛü2ü º±¼-¾ôPÅ-¤- Û̧m-qºÛü

¾Å-;-ºhP-PïÅ-¤ïh-qºÛü

Zï-zºÛ-G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-¤ü

Administration 64 º²Ûm-BôP-ü¢ôP-‚ïh-zŸÛm-qºÛ-ÇÀôz-¤ü

1ü Å-ºôG-¤ï-ºDô¼-HÛ-zIôh-¾¤-¤-¾G-¿e-zÞü2ü GŸÝP-GÛ-D-Gbh-hÝ-GÅP-zºÛ-fôG-mÅ-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-Çtï¾-zº¤ü»P-m-ºfz- ô̄h-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-Bï-zôºÛ-±ôGÅü

±ÛG-G¤-±ÛG-yïP-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-GÁ¤-hÝ-fÛG-mG-ºfïm-q-¿e-zÞü »P-m-GmÅ-hôm-ÅôGÅ-È-TP-G¾-Gmh-»Ûm-q¼-Çeôm-Vïh-hÝ-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-mm-zÁh-‚ïh-qü

1ü GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-HÛ-»Û-Gïº¤-»ÛG-V-n¤Å- Û̂-¤fº-¤WâG-bà-¤ÛP-dGÅ-ºGôh-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G2ü »ÛG-V-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-GÁ¤-hÝ-ÅÞ-ŸÛG-GÛ-¤ÛP-dGÅ-ºDôh-qºÛü

1ü GŸm-HÛÅ-mô¼-ºFâ¾-¿e-zÞºÛ-‚-Pm-GP-ŸÛG-¾-z ô̧h-zŸïÅ-hP-Gô-ÁïÅ-Zm-ÁïÅ- Û̂-mÝÅ-qü2ü zÅ¤-±ß¾-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛ-Bï-zô-wm-±ßm-hz¼-HÛ-mP-ºƒï¾-¤fÞm-IôÅü

ZïÅ-º²âGÅ-‚Å-q-GP-ŸÛG-¾-FÛ¤Å-

underground

underline

undersigned

understanding

undertrial

1ü Å-ºôG(¤ï-ºDô¼ü)2ü GÅP-zºÛ-±ôGÅ-qü

ºôG-fÛG-ºfïm-qü

1ü GÁ¤-¤ÛP-qü2ü ¤ÛP-dGÅ-GÁ¤-ºDôh- Û̂ü

1ü zÅ¤-ÁïÅü2ü mP-¤fÞmü

FÛ¤Å-ŸÛz-ºôG-GmÅü FÛ¤Å-

65Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üfôG-mÅ-ŸÛz-hrôh-¤-̧ Ûm-qºÛ-GP-̧ G

GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-¼P-¾-GŸm-HÛÅ-ÇS¼-º²Ûm-qºÛ-z Û̄-z;Ý¼-ÅôGÅ-¤ïh-q¼-Hã¼-q-hP-¤fôP-VßP-GÛ-GŸÛ-̄ ¼-Hã¼-qü

hPÞ¾-DP-ÅôGÅ-mÅ-GŸm-¾-zÞ-¾ôm-GbôP-h¤ÛGÅ-Vïh- Þ̧¼-zTh-»ôh-qºÛ-DôPÅ-mÅ-ºIï¤Å-vôh-¤- Û̧m-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼ü

GŸÛ-GP-»P-¼ÞP-z-ŸÛG-GÛ-fh-wm-±ßm-hz¼-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛ- ô̄h-JÀïP-¤ïh-qºÛü

»Þ¾-hÝÅ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-ÅôGÅ-‚ï-ƒG-q-GP-ŸÛG-hP-º±¤Å-qºÛ-¼Û¤-qº¤-±h-GŸÛ-¾Å-zL¾-zºÛü

¾Å-;-‚Å-mÅ-fôz-qºÛ-JÀ-ºzz-¤-»Ûm-q¼-¼P-ZÛh-ÇKï¼-HÛ-D¼-hzP-hP-¤-¯-ºhôm-ºWôG-‚Å-mÅ-fôz-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼ü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-ŸÛz-ºWâG-¤fÛ¾-xÛm-‚Å-mÅ-GmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÅP-OôG-‚ïh-qü

1ü º±ô-fzÅ- Û̂-¾Å-;-¿e-zÞ-JÀ-wôGÅ-»ôP-ºzz-¤ïh-qºÛ-¤Û-IPÅü2ü ¾Å-¤ïh-h¤-¾Å-;-¤-fôz-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü

undignified

undisbursedloan

undisputed

undue

unearnedincome

unearth

unemployment

ŸÛz-¤- Û̧m-qü

zXÛh-Z¤Å-¤Û-¿km-qºÛü

¤Dô-vôh-¤- Û̧m-qºÛ-zÞ-¾ômü

ô̄h-¤ïh- Û̂ü JÀïP-¤ïh- Û̂ü

¿ËG-qºÛü f¾-Vï-zºÛü

¿Ëàm-Iâz-»ôP-ºzzü

GÅ¾-ºhôm-‚ïh-qü ÇSôG-ºhôm-‚ïh-qü

1ü ¾Å-¤ïh-IPÅ-ºzô¼ü2ü ¾Å-¤ïhü

Administration 66 º²Ûm-BôP-üIôÅ-¤fÞm-hP-VôG-¤Vm-¾G-Eï¼-¿e-zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-hÝÅ-»Þm-h-hÝP-¤-μôGÅ-qºÛü

xÛÅ-ÅÞ-»ôP-Mã-GP-ŸÛG-ÇSôm-±ßh-mÅ-¤-im-qº¤-zÅ¤-GŸÛGÅ-¤-‚ãP-zü

IôÅ-±ôGÅ-GTÛG-¼P-Tm-HÛ-FÛ¤Å-z ô̧-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü

f-hh-Åô-Åô¼-¤-»Ûm-q¼-GTÛG-bà-OÛ¾-zº¤-£ï¾-zºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤-¤¤-‚-GŸG »P-m-hïºÛ-Iâz-ºƒÅ-¿e-zÞü

1ü ÇÀôz-IÔÔºÛ-Fôh-ÇÀôz-yâG-G¤-¾Å-;-‚ï-ƒG-qºÛ-±ôGÅ-q-¿e-zÞü »P-m-OÛG-º²âGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-DôPÅ-¤Û-n¤Å- Û̂-V-¤±ßPÅ- Û̂-Hôm-VÅ-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-ŸÛG2ü GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-uôh-±ß¾-¾¤-Eh-VôÅü ±h-GŸÛ-hP-ü »P-m-ÇtäÅ-;D-hôG z ô̧-h‚ÛzÅ-ÅôGÅ-ºHã¼-z-¤ïh-qºÛü

GTÛG-¤±ßPÅ-ÅÞ-GmÅ-qºÛ-hqï-¤±ômü ¼P-zŸÛmü Eh-VôÅ-¿e-zÞü

±ôGÅ-¤Ûº¤-OÛG-º²âGÅ-GŸm-HÛÅ-¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-¤ïh-q¼-¼P-xôGÅ- Û̂-‚-

unexpired

unforeseen

unicameral

unification

uniform

uniformity

unilateral

hÝÅ-±ôh-¤-fÛ¤-qºÛü

ÇSôm-Å-mÅ-¤-¤fôP-zºÛü

IôÅ-±ôGÅ-AP-¿km-HÛü

GTÛG-Hã¼-z ô̧-zü

1ü OÛG-VÅü ¾Å-ŸÐÐ-¾Å-GôÅü2ü ºHã¼-¤ïhü

GTÛG-¤±ßPÅü GTÛG-Hã¼ü

xôGÅ-GTÛG-Dô-mºÛü

67Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üGŸG

‚-zºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤-¿e-zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-hPôÅ-qô-GŸm-HÛÅ-ºGôG-Aïm-m¤-z¼-Vh-¤ïh-qü

hzÞÅ-GŸÝP-mÅ-fh-;¼-º²Ûm-BôP-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-‚Å-qºÛ-M-G¼-HÛ-Å-DÞ¾-ŸÛG

1ü P¾- ô̄¾-BÛh-ÇkÝG-GÛ-ÆÛh-WâÅ-Å¤-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ- Û̂-¯-º²Ûm-DG2ü P¾- ô̄¾-BÛh-ÇkÝG-GÛ-±ôGÅ-DôPÅ-ÅÞ-º²â¾-ŸÝGÅ-Å¤-GÅ¼-º²âGÅ-¾-Mz-Bô¼-‚ïh-±ß¾ü

GŸ¾-‚ºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¤P-ZÝP-hP-ü ¿YÛh-±hü ¼ÛP-fÞP.ü ÇtäÅ-;-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-±h-GŸÛ-º²Ûm-Åü

1ü Û̄Å-GŸÛº¤ü »P-m-AP-q-hP-ºƒï¾-zü2ü Å-DÞ¾-¾¤-Çkï-DG-n¤Å-wm-±ßm-GôP-zÞ-GTÛG-ºIÛ¾-hÝ-GmÅ-ÁÛP-ü hï-n¤Å-GŸÝP-P¤-Çkï-DG-GTÛG-GÛ-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-ºôG-»ôh-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü

wm-±ßm-¤fÞm-qº¤-¤Z¤-ºhÝÅ- Û̂Å-¾Å-;-‚ïh-qü »P-m-GTÛG-bà-ºIÛ¾-zºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü

uninterrupted

union territory

unionism

unit

unitary

unity

z¼-hÝ-¤-Vôh-qºÛü

hzÞÅ-º²Ûm-¤Pº-DÞ¾ü

1ü z ô̧-±ôGÅ-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü2ü z ô̧-±ôGÅ-¾-Mz-Bô¼ü

z Û̄-GŸÛü

1ü Û̄Å-GŸÛºÛü2ü GTÛG-£ï¾ü GTÛG-bà-ºhÝÅ-qºÛü

VÛG-OÛ¾ü ¤fÞm-OÛ¾ü

Administration 68 º²Ûm-BôP-ü1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-±ôGÅ-q-‚ï-ƒG-G¤ü ºWÛG-dïm-ºhÛºÛ-Bï-zô-»ôPÅ-Û̂Å-‚Å-qº¤-f¤Å-Th-hï¼-GbôGÅ-qºÛü2ü hÝÅ-f¤Å-Th-hP-GmÅ-f¤Å-Th-hÝ-zhïm-q¼-GmÅ-qºÛü

¤fô-¼Û¤-ÇÀôz-fôm-HÛ-¾G-Eï¼-Vïh-ÇÀôz-GZï¼-HÛ-¼Û¤-q-¤fô-ÁôÅ-Å¤üZ¤Å-ŸÛz-‚-MãºÛ-¤fÞm-Aïm-¿km-qºÛ-ÁïÅ-»ôm-¿eï-GmÅ-ÁÛG

ºWÛG-dïm-¤fÞm-ºWâG-¤-‚Å-qºÛ-GmÅ-zzÅ-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛü

¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GŸÝP-P¤-hzP-¿km-ºGm-º²Ûm-HÛ-PôÅ-¾ïm-m¤-VôG-¤Vm-hP-¤-ºƒï¾-zºÛü

±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-¿e-zÞ¼-GmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-fh-hGG-‚-‚ïh-¤Dm-GTÛG-ˆP-¤-‚ãP-zºÛü

IôÅ-±ôGÅ- Û̂-ºIô-¾ÞGÅ-hP-¤Û-¤fÞm-qº¤ü DÅ-¾ïm-‚-¤Û-¼ÞP-zºÛ-‚-uôh-h¤-Gb¤-zÁh-¿e-zÞü

‚ïh-¾Å-Å¤-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-GP-ŸÛG-ÇSôm-Vh-¾ô-MãÅ-fôG-‚ãP-¤-¥ôP-

universal

university

unmarried

unofficial

unopposed

unparliamentary

unprecedented

1ü »ôPÅ-Ez- Û̂ü º²¤-JÀÛP-Eôm-»ôPÅ- Û̂ü2ü GmÅ-hÝÅ-¾-¿eôÅ-¤ïh- Û̂-zhïm-qü ¼P-zŸÛm-GmÅ-¾ÞGÅ- Û̂ü

G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-GZï¼-DP.üG®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-IÔÔ-Vïm-qôü

GZïm-OÛG-¤-‚Å-qºÛü VP-Å-¤-zMz-qºÛü

GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-¤-»Ûm-qºÛü

hGG-‚-¤ïh-qºÛü

±ôGÅ-q¼-h‚ãP-¤Û-¼ÞP-zºÛüIôÅ-±ôGÅ- Û̂-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-hP-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛü

ÇS¼-¤-‚ãP-zºÛü ÇS-m-¤-IGÅ-qºÛü

69Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üzº¤-¤±m-GŸÛ-¤ïh-qºÛü

z ô̧-IÔÔ-¿e-zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-Dï-ºzz-z¤-wm-fôGÅ-Tm-HÛ-Iâz-ºƒÅ-¤ïh-qºÛü

1ü ¾Å-;-‚ï-ƒG-GP-ŸÛG-‚ïh-q-¾-hGôÅ-PïÅ- Û̂-»ôm-bm-hP-ü Z¤Å-¥ôPüÁïÅ-»ôm-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-GmÅ-±h-¾ïGÅ-q¼-¤Û-¿km-qº¤-¤-¾ôPÅ-qºÛü2ü GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Ÿm-V-±h-¤ïh-qº¤-±h-z Þ̧P-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-¤ïh-qºÛü

1ü ¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-¤Pôm-ºhôh-hP-zOæz-‚-¿e-zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-hPôÅ-»ôh-¾G-¾ïm-hÝ-Oæz-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛü2ü GmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Gô-hôm-ÅôGÅ-¾ïGÅ-q¼-dôGÅ-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛü

1ü GP-ŸÛG-Mã-¤±m-¾Å-ºG¾-zº¤-hï-hP-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛü2ü Bï-zôºÛ-;Ým-uôh-¿e-zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-hôm-hPôÅ- Û̂-GmÅ-±ß¾-ŸÛG-hP-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛü3ü Mã-¤±m-HÛ-±h-GŸÛ-¾Å-zL¾-zü

ºhÅ- Û̧m-qºÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-¾¤-‚ãP-z-¿e-zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-HÛ-»ÛG-hïz-z¤-¾ô-MãÅ-»ÛG-VºÛ-fôG-fô-ºGôh-¤-‚Å-qºÛü

GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-¾¤-FÛ¤Å-¤fÞm-HÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-

Dï-ºzz-¤ïh-qºÛü

1ü ¤Û-¼m-qü ºôÅ-VôÅ-¤Û-±P-zºÛü2ü ±h-z Þ̧P-¤ïh-qºÛü

1ü hôm-hÝ-¤Û-ºEô¾-zºÛü2ü dôGÅ-¤fº-ƒ¾-zºÛü

1ü ¼ÛGÅ-q-hP-ºG¾-zºÛü2ü hôm-hPôÅ-hP-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛü3ü Mã-¤±m-¾Å-zL¾-zºÛü

»ÛG-fôG-¤-ºDôh-qºÛü Û̧m-fô¼-¤-ºDôh-qºÛü

hïz-Bï¾-¤-‚Å-qºÛ-»ÛG-Vü

unprofitable

unqualified

unrealizable

unreasonable

unrecorded

unregistered

Administration 70 º²Ûm-BôP-üFÛ¤Å-fôG-hïz-ºGôh-¤-‚Å-qºÛ-»ÛG-Vü

1ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-D-GÅPÅ-GbÛP-GÅPÅ-¿km-qºÛ-GÁÛÅ-;2ü hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-Bï-zô-‚ï-ƒG-G¤-zïh-uôh-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ- Þ̧¼-zŸG-¤-‚Å-qºÛü

1ü GŸÛ-GP-ŸÛG-¾Å-¼P-¾-Gmôh-Bôm-‚ãP-zº¤-Zïm-D-Vï-zºÛü2ü zhïm-q-¤-»Ûm-q¼-ÆÛh-qºÛ-hm-dGÅ-¿e-zÞ¼-GŸÛ-zTô¾-zºÛ-FÛ¤Å-fôG-GÛ-fG-GTôhü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-hq¾-º‚ô¼-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-HôP-GÝm-¿e-zÞºÛ-Zïm-D¼-ºGm-ÆâP-PïÅ-zdm-¤ïh-qºÛü

hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-mÝÅ-q-¿e-zÞ-Z¤Å-h¤Å-ÅÞ-xÛm-qº¤-z;ô¾-uôh- Û̂-wm-mÝÅ-º‚Ûm-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛü

Åï¤Å-mh- Û̂Å-Aïm-qÅ-Åï¤Å-D¤Å-zhï-fP-¤-»Ûm-qü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-¹-hÝÅ-±ïÅ-IPÅ-ÅôGÅ-PïÅ-GÅ¾-¤ïh-qºÛü

document

unreserved

unsafe

unsecured

unserviceable

unsound mind

unspecified

1ü ÇK¤-qô-¤-»Ûm-qü2ü Þ̧¼-zTh-¤-‚Å-qºÛüÞ̧¼-z;G-¤-‚Å-qºÛü

1ü Zïm-D-Tmü2ü mô¼-z-Tm-HÛ-fG-GTôhü

ºGm-ÆâP-¤ïh-qºÛü

z;ô¾-uôh-¤ïh-qºÛü zïh-¤ïhü

Åï¤Å-¤Û-zhï-zü Åï¤Å-mh-Tmü

PïÅ-z Þ̧P-¤ïh-qºÛü GÅ¾-D-¤ïh-qºÛü

71Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-h¤ÛGÅ-z;¼-̧ Þ¼-zbôm-‚Å-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼-ŸÛG-GÛ-DôPÅ-mÅ-zïh-uôh-h¤-ºIô-ÅôP-¤-zbP-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼-¿ËG-¤ü

GŸm-HÛÅ-Lô¾-z-hP-Bôm-zXôh-ÅôGÅ-ºGôG-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛü

¾G-¯¾-¾¤-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-‚ï-ƒG-GP-ŸÛG-¾ïGÅ-q¼-Oæz-Vïh-hÝ-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-HÛ-¢P-¯¾-¤ïh-qºÛü

GP-ŸÛG-¾-»Ûh-VïÅ-„ÀôÅ-ºGï¾-¤Û-fÞz-qº¤-‚ïh-¤Û-ºôÅ-qºÛü

1ü hPôÅ-qôºÛ-¿YÛh-¿UÛ-zº¤-zôPÅ-±h-Vï-zºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-G»ô-ºGÝ¾-¾¤-±ôh-º²Ûm-‚ïh-h;º-zºÛü2ü È-TP-GŸÛ-M-hP-¤Gô-½‰ôG-Vï-zºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-Gô-OÛG-hP-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-‚ïh-h;º-zü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-GŸm-HÛ-GÝÅ-ŸzÅ-ÅôGÅ-fôz-bà-ºôÅ-q-¾-hGôÅ-PïÅ- Û̂-Eh-VôÅ-n¤Å-¤Û-¿km-qº¤-¤ïh-qºÛü

1ü h-¿eºÛ-z¼-HÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-GÅ¼-ÁôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Ç+ô¼-V-±P-ºDôh-»ôh-qº¤-¿km-qºÛü

unspentbalance

untenable

untrained

untrustworthy

unwieldy

unworthy

up to date

zbP-¿ËG

ºGôG-ÆâP-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛü

¢ôP-zl¼-¤ïh-qºÛü

»Ûh-zdm-¤Û-¼ÞP-zºÛü

1ü ÇezÅ-¤Û-zhï-zü2ü z;ôh-WâÅ-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-h;º-zºÛü

¤Û-ºôÅ-qºÛü ºôÅ-zzÅ-¤ïh-qºÛü

1ü h-¿eºÛ-z¼-HÛü hÝÅ-fôG-±¼-zü2ü hÝÅ-¤fÞm-HÛü

Administration 72 º²Ûm-BôP-ü2ü hïP-hÝÅ-GôÅ-¾ôG-GÛ-hqï-GÅ¼-hP-hïºÛ-ºIô-ÇePÅ-ÅôGÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-fh-V-±P-MãÅ-¤Pº-¾ôm-qº¤-Gô-dôGÅ-¿km-qºÛü

Ç+zÅ-zzÅ- Û̂-GmÅ-±ß¾-ÅôGÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÅ¼-hÝ-D-zÇ+ôP-zº¤-zÇom-mÅ-ºHã¼-z-GbôP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG

1ü ºyâ¾-VÅ-hP-;¤-qÞ-‡¼-¿e-zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-±h-GŸÛ-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-Vï-¼Þ-GbôP-zü2ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Gô-GmÅ-Å¤-¾Å-;ºÛ-GmÅ-zzÅ-Çtô¼-zº¤-¤fô-¼Þ-GbôP-zü

1ü hPôÅ-qôº¤-Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-ÅôGÅ-Z¤Å-h¤Å-ÅÞ-¤-xÛm-q¼-Mãm-hÝ-Z¼-±GÅ-‚ïh-qü2ü hPôÅ-qôº¤-Bï-zôºÛ-GmÅ-zzÅ-ÅôGÅ-¤Û-Z¤Å-qºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-¤Dô-ºhôm-‚-MãºÛ-hPÞ¾-HÛ-ºIô-Iômü

1ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-º±ô-zºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-hP-ü zÅ¤-„ÀôºÛ-Vß-±hüz¸P-qôºÛ-uôh-±ß¾ü ÁïÅ-qºÛ-mÝÅ-ÇeôzÅ-ÅôGÅ-GôP-ºwï¾-hÝ-GbôP-Mã¼-wm-IôGÅ-‚ïh-qü2ü h;º-P¾-¿e-zÞ¼-GhôP-¾ïm-‚ïïh-

updation

upgrade

upkeep

uplift

hÝÅ-¤fÞm-zNå¼-zTôÅü

1ü ÁÝGÅ-±h-Çtô¼-zü2ü GmÅ-¼Û¤-Çtô¼-zü

1ü zhG-GTïÅü2ü zhG-GTïÅ-ºIô-ÅôP.ü

1ü GôP-hÝ-ºhïGÅ-qü2ü Åï¤Å-hqPÅ-zÇeôh-qü

73Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üq¼-zÅ¤-„ÀôºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-Çtô¼-zº¤-Ç‰ÛP-ÇeôzÅ-Çtï¾-zü

IôÅ-±ôGÅ-¾-Çkï-±m-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-h‚ï-»ôh-qºÛ-mP-GÛ-GTÛG-Çeïü Vz-ÆÛh- Û̂-hzP-ÁÝGÅ-VßP-z-»ôh-qºÛ-Çkï-±mü

IôP-Eï¼-hP-IôP-l¾-HÛ-DôPÅ-ÅÞ-GbôGÅ-qº¤-hï-hP-ºƒï¾-zü »P-m-IôP-Eï¼-hÝ-GmÅ-qºÛü

Bï-zô-Wï-¤P-mÅ-Wï-¤P-IôP-GÅïz- Û̂-Å-DÞ¾-ÅôGÅ-hô¼-mÅ-IôP-Eï¼-HÛ-mP-GmÅ-ÇtôÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤-¤¤-‚-GŸG

hï-¤-fG-bà-hô-ÇoP-hP-¾G-zÇe¼-‚ïh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-PP-±ß¾ü

hï-¤-fG-bà-hô-ÇoP-hP-¾G-zÇe¼-hGôÅ-qºÛü

1ü Ç+h-»ÛG-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-hÝ-±ÛG-hP-±ÛG-Oæz-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-ºIô-¾ÞGÅ-Å¤-zïh-uôh-‚ïh-±ß¾ü2ü Mãm-¿km-»ôPÅ-IGÅ-ÅÞ-PôÅ-¾ïm-»ôh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG-G¤-¾G-zÇe¼-HÛ-¼Û¤-qü

upper house

urban

urbanization

urgency

urgent

usage

IôÅ-±ôGÅ-GôP-¤ü

IôP-Eï¼-HÛü

IôP-Eï¼-hÝ-zNå¼-zü

²-iG-GÛ-¼P-zŸÛmüD-±-hGôÅ-GbàGÅü

²-iG D-±-hGôÅ-GbàGÅ- Û̂ü

1ü ±ÛG-¢ô¼ü2ü Gô¤Å-Æô¾ü

Administration 74 º²Ûm-BôP-ü¼P-ZÛh-¾-fôz-fP-¤ïh-zŸÛm-hÝ-Bï-zô-GŸm-ŸÛG-GÛ-hzP-V-hP-Gô-GmÅ-ÅôGÅ-ºyôG-qü

GŸÝP-P¤-±ôGÅ-q-ÅôGÅ-mÅ-¾Å-hôm-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-vh-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼-zïh-uôh-‚Å-qºÛ-¾G-Eï¼ü

1ü ±ôGÅ-q-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-mÅ-JÀôG-hP-½ÀPÅ-μÅü hï-zŸÛm-Vß-ÅôGÅ-hGôÅ-PïÅ- Û̂-hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-¤Û-¤P-n¤Å-¾-¤Dô-vôh-‚Å-qºÛ-ŸzÅ-ºhïGÅü2ü GP-»P-¼ÞP-z-ŸÛG-Oæz-q¼-wm-fôGÅ-Tm-HÛ-¼P-zŸÛm-m¤-Eh-VôÅü3ü ¾Å-hôm-GP-»P-¼ÞP-z-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-zïh-uôh-h¤-wm-fôGÅ-»ôh-¤Dm-HÛü

GP-ŸÛG-zïh-uh-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-Å¤-zïh-uôh-‚ïh-zŸÛm-qºÛ-‚-GŸG

‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾Å-hôm-Vï-Gï-¤ôºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-wm-mÝÅ-¿km-qº¤-D-»ôh-¾G-»ôh-hÝ-zïh-uôh-GbôP-zü

1ü zhG-z Þ̧P-‚ïh-qô-¤ïh-qºÛ-Gô-Åº¤-Å-¤ÛG2ü ¼ÛG-qº¤-zÅ¤-ÁïÅ-¤ïh-qü

usurp

utilisationcertificate

utility

utilization

utilize

vacancy

È¤-ºyôG-‚ïh-qü

zïh-uôh-PôÅ-¢ô¼ü

1ü ¤Dô-vôh-ŸzÅ-ŸÝü2ü ¤Dô-zïhü uôh-ÇKôü3ü uôh-ÇKô-¤P-zºÛü

uôh-ÇKôü

zïh-uôh-qü

1ü Å-ÇeôP.ü2ü >Àh-¤ïhü3ü h¾-Dô¤ü Dô¤-¾ôP.ü

75Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü3ü ¾Å-;º¤-‚-GŸG-¿e-zÞ-hP-¤Û-¿km-qü

1ü GmÅ-hï¼-»ôh-¤Dm-hï-fôm-bï-hï-ZÛh-ÇeôP-q-ºhôm-qü2ü FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ- Û̄Å-¤ïh-h¤ü mÝÅ-¤ïhü »P-m-¤ïh-q¼-z ô̧-zü

1ü P¾-GÅô-zº¤ü ºIâ¾-zŸÝhü hï-zŸÛm-vô-BÛh- Û̂-xÛ¼-ºhº-zºÛ-hÝÅ-»Þmü2ü FÛ¤Å-DP-hP.ü ÇÀôz-IÐü hï-zŸÛm-n¤-;Ým-HÛ-¾Å-hôm-GŸm-HÛ-ºV¼-GŸÛ-mP-GÅ¾-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-¼ÛP-¾Å-¤±¤Å-Û̂-hÝÅ-Ç+zÅü

¤Ûº¤-hÝh-ºIô-GP-ŸÛG-¾-mh-¤Û-º‚ãP-zºÛ-Vïhü hï-¾-Ç̈m-Dz- Û̂-¾¤-mÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-qôºÛ-mP-ÇSôm-ºGôG-GÛ-μÅ-ºhïzÅ-qü

ÇSôm-ºGôG-Ç̈m-Dz-º²âGÅ-qºÛ-‚-GŸG-G¤-zMãh-¼Û¤ü

mh-GP-ŸÛG-¤Û-º‚ãP-zºÛ-Vïhü ¤Ûº¤-hÝh-ºIô-¾-Ghz-MãºÛ-Gmôh-º±ï-‚ïh-qºÛ-mÝÅ-q-hP-ƒ¾-zºÛ-Pô-zô¼-GmÅ-qºÛ-mh-hï-ZÛh-ÇÀôP-‚ïh- Û̂-y-ÆÛm-hP-¿km-qºÛ-μÅ-ÁÛG

vacate

vacation

vaccinate

vaccination

vaccine

1ü ÇeôP-q-z ô̧-zü2ü (FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-)mÝÅ-¤ïh-z ô̧-zü

1ü ¾Å-¤±¤Åü2ü GÝP-ÅïP.ü

ÇSôm-ºGôG-Ç̈m-Dz-MG-qüÇ̈m-º²âGÅ-qü

Ç̈m-º²âGÅü mh-ºGôG-Ç̈m-º²âGÅü

mh-ºGôG-Ç̈mü ºGôG-Ç̈mü

Administration 76 º²Ûm-BôP-ü1ü BïÅ-zÞºÛ-Åï¤Å-mP-im-qº¤üzÅ¤-±ß¾ü ºV¼-ÇKô-ÅôGÅ-GÅ¾-qô-¤Ûm-qºÛü2ü ºV¼-GŸÛº¤-zÅ¤-±ß¾-¾-ÅôGÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Ç+ô¼-ŸÛz-yºÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-¤ïh-qºÛü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-HÛ-Gb¤-zÁh-mP-ÇÀôz-q-¤f¼-Åôm-qºÛ-ÇÀôz-yâG-¿e-zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-G-¾ï¼-wïzÅ-ŸïÅ-zXôh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-ÇÀôz-IÔ-hP-¤fô-ÇÀôz-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-ÇÀôz-fôm-¤²h-ÇKôºÛ-Ç+zÅ- Û̂-hGº-Bï¾-Gb¤-zÁhü

1ü ¾G-Eï¼-hP-»ÛG-V-ÅôGÅ-fÛ¤-hÝÅ- Û̂-¹-±ïÅ-¤- Û̧m-qº¤ü V-Aïm-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-ºôG-PôÅ-¾ïm-‚-¼ÞP-hP.zïh-uôh-‚-¼ÞP-»Ûm-qü2ü IôÅ-¤fÞm-¿e-zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-z Û̄-hGôÅ-qºÛ-mÝÅ-q-»ôh-qü

»ÛG-V-hP.ü zÅ¤-±ß¾ü iÛ-z-¾-ÅôGÅ-q-zhïm-q-»Ûm-q¼-PôÅ-¾ïm-‚ïh-qº¤ü FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-PôÅ-¾ïm-»ôP-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-Å¤-zMãh-¼Û¤ü

vague

valediction

valedictoryaddress

valid

validation

1ü GÅ¾-¾-¤Û-GÅ¾-HÛü2ü GÅ¾-D-¤ïh-qºÛü

wïzÅ-Bï¾-Ç̈ôm-±ÛG HïÅ-Gb¤ü

wïzÅ-Bï¾-GÅÞP-zÁhü ÇÀôz-fôm-GÅÞP-zÁhü

1ü Û̄Å-ºIô-»ôh-qºÛü2ü mÝÅ-q-¿km-qºÛü

Û̄Å-ºIôü FÛ¤Å-mÝÅ-hP-¿km-q-z ô̧-fzÅü

77Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü1ü FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-Å¤-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-HÛÅ-PôÅ-¾ïm-‚ïh-ºôÅ-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü2ü ¼ÛGÅ-q-ÅôGÅ-zhïm-qº¤-Mã-¤±m-hP-¿km-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü

1ü Mã-mô¼-HÛ-¯-ºGPÅ-hP-¼Ûm-GôP-fG-GTôh-‚ïh-qº¤-ºW¾-zºÛ-‚-GŸG2ü GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-G¾-ºGPÅ-hP-wm-»ôm-HÛ-±ôh-hqG

1ü GP-ŸÛG-hP-hô-¤Z¤-qºÛ-±ôP- ô̧G-G¤ü ŸzÅ-ŸÝ-¾-ÅôGÅ-qºÛ-zXï-¾ïm-HÛ-zMãh-¾¤-Ç+ô¼-fP-GÛ-±hü2ü ÍP- Û̄Å- Û̂-dGÅ-¤±m-GP-ŸÛG-¾-vôh-»ôh-qºÛ-IPÅ-±hü

hPôÅ-ºƒï¾-¾-GŸÛ-¤Û-zTô¾-z¼-ÇKï¼-HÛ-zÅ¤-±ß¾-hP-hh-¤ôÅü »P-m-xôGÅ-¿ËàP-GÛ-¿e-±ß¾-GŸÛ-¾-‚Å-bï-GP-¸G-G¤-hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-ºfh-¤Ûm-m¤ühïºÛ-hGï-¤±m-hP-G¾-Gmh-zTÅ-WÛ-®¤-»Ûm-q¼-zXôh-qºÛ-±ôh-hqG

Å-ŸÛP-hP-Mã-mô¼-¾-ÅôGÅ-qºÛ-¼Ûm-ºzz-Ç+ô¼-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G

zÅ¤-zŸÛm-hÝ-»P-hG-¤Ûm-q¼-uÛ-μÅ-Gbô¼-zº¤ü »P-m-¯-¤ïh-GbôP-zºÛ-‚Å-ZïÅü

validity

valuation

value

valuejudgement

valuer

vandalism

1ü FÛ¤Å-mÝÅ-¿km-¤Ûmü2ü ºfh-¿kmü

1ü ¼Ûm-ºzz-V- Û̄Åü Ç+ô¼-fP.ü2ü Û̄-¤fôP-ü G®ÛGÅü

1ü ¼Ûm-fP.ü2ü fP-GŸÛü

¼P-ÇoôP-hrh-Fü

fP-GŸÛ-Ç+ô¼-¤Dmü ¼Ûm-fP-Ç+ô¼-¤Dmü

Gbô¼-zTô¤-mG-ZïÅü

Administration 78 º²Ûm-BôP-üh¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-uÛ-zºÛ-μÅ-¾-ÅôGÅ-q-zÅ¤-zŸÛm-hÝ-Mã-¤±m-»P-hG-¤ïh-q¼-Gbô¼-Bôm-GbôP-zü

Á-¼ÛGÅ- Û̂-¸Å-ÇtôP-ŸÛP.ü ±¾-hP-ºƒâ-¼ÛGÅ-h;¼-Vß-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-¸Å-Dô-m¼-zÇeïm-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G

1ü ¤Û-hP- ô̧G-ÅôôGÅ-hzô¼-ºiïm-‚ïh-qºÛ-zŸôm-qº¤-ºDô¼-¾ôºÛ-¼ÛGÅü2ü ¼Û-¤ô-ºƒÛÛ-‚ïh- Û̂-±ôm-ÅôGÅ-‚ãGÅ-ÇÀ-zºÛ-xÛ¼-hï-hP-¤Z¤-hÝ-zÆï-MãºÛ-Åô-¤-¼-²ºÛ-ºƒâ-ÇoÝ¤-¿e-zÞºÛ-μÅ-ÁÛG3ü Ç̈m-GP-ŸÛG-º‚ãG-q-hP-ü ¸-zhï-zºÛ-xÛ¼-Ç̈m-hï-ºFÛh-‚ïh- Û̂-μÅ-ÁÛG

1ü ¾¤- Þ̧¼-hÝ-±GÅ-q¼-hP-z¸º-zTº-¾-ÅôGÅ-qºÛ-hPôÅ-VÅ-®G-®ÛG-±ôP-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G2ü GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-hGôÅ-PïÅ- Û̂-hPÞ¾-„ÀâGÅ-bï-f-¤G-¾-ÅôGÅ-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-®G-®ÛG-Zô-Mã-»ôh-qºÛ-ºyâ¾-VÅü

ÇKô-hP-ÇKïºÞ-DÞP-ÅôGÅ-zMz-qºÛ-DP-q-¿e-zÞºÛ-mP-½ÀâP-GÅ¼-q-Mã-¼ÞÞ-ºWâG-

vandalize

vegetarian

vehicle

vendor

ventilate

Gbô¼-zTô¤-‚ïh-qü

h;¼-¸m-qü h;¼-BôP-qü

1ü zŸôm-qü2ü ±ôm-dü3ü Ç̈m-dü

1ü Ç+ô¼-±ôP-qü2ü ±ôP-Oô¤ü

½ÀâP-ºIô-z ô̧-zü

79Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üqü

xôGÅ-»ôPÅ-mÅ-z;G-qºÛ-Å-V-¿e-zÞºÛ-mP-½ÀâP-GÅôÅ-q-Mã-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-fzÅ-¾¤ü

1ü Zïm-D-Vï-ŸÛP.ü ¾¤-¿ËôP-»ôP-zºÛ-PïÅ-q-¤ïh-qºÛ-‚-zü2ü Zïm-D-¾-¤-º²ï¤Å-q¼-hP-¾ïm-‚ïh-qü

±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-hP- ï̄h-ºImü hï-zŸÛm-zIô-JÀïP-¾-ÅôGÅ-q-I-OÛG-¿km-qºÛ-‚-GŸG-Çtï¾-ÅºÛ-GmÅü

JÀïP-¤ô¾-hP-hqï-V-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-mP-fôG-¤¼-±ÛG-GP-»ôh-q-WÛ-¤-WÛ-zŸÛm-zïh-uôh-‚ïh-qü

FÛ¤Å-DP-hÝ-ŸÛz-zÁï¼-Ç+zÅ-mG-ZïÅ-Tm-»Ûm-¤Ûm-h‚ï-z-º‚ïh-qºÛ-zÁï¼-hqP-¿Ëm-±ôGÅ- Û̂-fG-GTôhü

1ü hm-dGÅ-hP-hqP-qôü hï-zŸÛm-hrh-ŸÛz-‚Å-q-¾Å-iP-zhïm-»Ûm-q-¼-vôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG2ü GP-ŸÛG-iP-zhïm-»Ûm-q¼-¼-vôh-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-hqP-qôü

ventilation

venture

venue

verbatim

verdict

verification

½ÀâP-¾¤ü ½ÀâP-ºIôü

1ü »-»Þhü2ü Zïm-¤VôP.ü

º±ôG-»Þ¾ü º²ô¤Å-Åüº±ôG-GmÅü

±ÛG-WÛ-zŸÛmü

FÛ¤Å-GTôhü (FÛ¤Å-Û̂)zTh-Fü

1ü zhïm-q-¼-vôhü zhïm-hqP-DÞPÅ-Bï¾ü2ü zhïm-hqP.ü

Administration 80 º²Ûm-BôP-ü»Þ¾-¾ÞP-Åô-ÅôºÛ-Ç+h-h¤ü »P-m-M¾-Dz- Û̂-Å-DÞ¾ü hï-zŸÛm-GP-¸G-ÇKï¼-HÛ-Ç+h-»ÛG

1ü ¿e-±ß¾-¾¤-xôGÅ-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-ºIï¾-zXôhü2ü ¼P-GÛ-¤-xÛº¤-¼ÛGÅ-ºi-zºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-GŸm-hP-¤Û-ºi-zºÛ-n¤-qº¤-z ô̧-h‚ÛzÅü3ü GmÅ-±ß¾-GP-ŸÛG-zMãh-¾¤-GŸm-mÅ-GÅ¾-Çeôm-‚ïh-ÇePÅ- Û̂-ºHã¼-¿kôG hqï¼-mü OæP-hïz-TÛG-¾-GŸÛ-zTô¾-mÅ-ºFz-Çeôm-m¤-JÀôG-z½‰m-z ô̧-z-¿e-zÞü4ü Ç+h-»ÛG-TÛG-mÅ-GŸm-hÝ-zNå¼-zºÛ-n¤-qü

OÛG-º²âGÅ-GTÛG-mP-GÛ-hzP-º²Ûm-q-¼Û¤-q-GôP-ºôG-GZÛÅ-z¼-HÛ-Gô-zl-vôh-¾ïmü

1ü »ÛG-V-n¤Å-D-fÞG-G¤-Hïm-¾P- Þ̧¼-hÝ-ºWôG-ÅºÛ-»ÛG-Çoôhü2ü GŸm-mÅ-ºfôz-fzÅ-h;º-zºÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-¤Dô-vôh-hP.ü iÛ-z-Ç‰ÛP-zÇkÝÅ-DG-¾-ºy¾-¤¼-¾m-ºhïzÅ-Vïh-hqï-¤²ôh-DP-ÅôGÅ-ÅÞ-Z¼-±GÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-ºIï¤Å-»ÛG-hP-±GÅ-ÁôG-mÅ-iÅ-qºÛ-ÁôG-zÞ-ÅôGÅ-

vernacular

version

verticalcommunication

vertical file

»Þ¾-Ç+hü ¼P-Ç+hü

1ü ºIï¾-±ß¾ü2ü fômü3ü n¤-qü4ü ºHã¼ü zNå¼-¤ü

GôP-ºôG-ºƒï¾-¾¤ü

1ü Hïm-zÇÀPÅ-»ÛG-Çoôhü2ü Ço-±ôGÅ-»ÛG-Çoôhü

81Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üzÇkÝÅ-qºÛ-»ÛG-Çoôhü

;¤-q-mÛ-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-z ô̧-¾Å- Û̂-zMãh-¼Û¤-»ôPÅ-μôGÅ-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-‚ïh-Vïhü ¼P-¾-hPôÅ- ô̧G-¤Dô-ºhôm-‚ïh-¤Dm-m¤-¼P-¾Å- ô̧G-Zô-¤Dm-HÛ-;¤-q-mÛ-GŸm-hG-Zô-zºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤ü

uÛ¼-GP-¸G-ÇKï¼-ÅÞ-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-ˆP-w¤-ZïÅ-‚ïh-¤Û-fÞz-TÛP.ü ¯-FÛ¤Å- Û̂Å-DG-fïG-hP.GŸÝP-GÛ-ÆâP-Bôz-»ôh-qºÛ-fôz-fP.ü

‚ïh-ÇKôº¤-Ez-DôPÅ-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-fôG-¾-Z¤Å-¥ôP-È-TP-Vï-zºÛ-¤Ûü

hÝh-ºIôºÛ-ºyôh-zÇeïm-hP-hï-¾-Gmôh-qºÛ-mh-hP-©Å-Bôm-Ç+ô¼-HÛ-GÅô-¼ÛG-GÛ-»m-¾G-TÛG

1ü GŸÝP-GÛ-»m-¾G-GP-ŸÛG-¾-»ôh-qºÛ-»m-¾G-GŸm-HÛ-FÛ¤Å-z ô̧-hP-¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-¤Û-‚ïh-qºÛ-hzP-±hü2ü Vz-ÆÛh- Û̂-‚ïh-ÇKô-z;G-ºGôG-‚ïh-qºÛ-hzP-±h-uôh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG

GŸÝP-GTÛG-DôPÅ-ÅÞ-»ôh-qºÛ-¿Ëm-DP-ŸÛG-¾-¤Pº-zºÛ-¿Ëm-DP-GŸm-HÛÛÅ-¾G-zÇe¼-‚ïh-q¼-ºhôh-qºÛ-‚ïh-ÇKô-ÇS-

verticalintegration

vested right

veteran

veterinaryscience

veto

veto power

¼P-DôPÅ-GTÛG-zÇkÝÅü

FÛ¤Å- Û̂Å-vh-qºÛ-fôz-fP.ü

hÝ¼-Lmü ‚P-¤ü

xãGÅ-mh-GÅô-¼ÛG

1ü ºGôG-hzP.ü2ü ¶Û-‡ô-hzP-Vü

¶Û-‡ôhzP-Vü hGG-‚ºÛ-hzP-Vü

Administration 82 º²Ûm-BôP-üºyôÅ-Å¤ü Gbm-hÝ-z;G-ºGôG-‚ïh-qºÛ-hzP-Vü

»G-ÇkÝG-¾-ÅôGÅ-qºÛ-¤fº-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-¤-¿ËàPÅ-zºÛ-hzÞÅ- Û̂-fzÅ-¾¤-¤¤-Gh¤-Dü

1ü ¼P-ZÛh-º±ô-GmÅ-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qº¤ü hï-¿e¼-GÅôm-qô¼-GmÅ-fÞz-qº¤-»Þm-GmÅ-fÞz-qºÛ-Eh-VôÅ-Å¤-GmÅ-ÇePÅü2ü ¾G-¾ïm-fôG-hPôÅ-ÅÞ-ºGï¾-¼ÞP-zº¤-¤Û-¼ÞP-zºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü

1ü GÅôm-GmÅ-Å¤-º±ô-GmÅ-fÞz-qºÛü2ü ¾G-zÇe¼-‚ïh-fÞz-qº¤-zïh-uôh-‚-¼ÞP-zü

GP-zÁh-q-hï-¿kôG-qºÛ-Gô-¼Û¤-mÅ-ˆP-zhïm-q-»Ûm-q¼-Çeôm-‚ïh- Û̂-±ÛG

1ü h;º-P¾-GP-ŸÛG-Åï¾-z¼-ºzh-z ô̄m-‚ïh-Ç+zÅ-hïÅ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-hï-ZÛh-Wï-ÇkÝG-bà-GbôP-zºÛ-h;º-P¾-ºw¼-¤-ŸÛG-ÇÀôP-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-ÁÛG2ü mh-GZÛÅ-wm-±ßm-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-wm-±ßm-GTÛG-GÛÅ-GTÛG-

via media

viability

viable

vice versa

vicious circle

hzÞÅ-¾¤ü ¾¤-hzÞÅ-¤ü

1ü º±ô-GmÅ-fÞz-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü2ü ¾G-zÇe¼-fÞz-¤Ûmü

1ü º±ô-fÞz-qºÛü2ü ¾G-zÇe¼-fÞz-qºÛü

¿kôG-xôGÅ-mÅü Gô-¿kôG-Çeïü

1ü h;º-½‰ôG-¾Þ-GÝ-Mãhü Pm-q-hGÝ-ºDô¼ü2ü ¿kôG-Mãü3ü Gbm-±ÛGÅ-fÞG-¤ïhü

83Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üÇÀôP-z¼-‚ïh-qº¤-Wï-ÇkÝG-bà-GbôP-zºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-ÁÛG3ü zhïm-q-¿e¼-ÇoP-»P-zhïm-q-¼-vôh-‚Å-¤- Û̧m-qºÛ-¾ÞP-¾-GŸÛ-‚ïh-qºÛ-Gbm-±ÛGÅ- Û̂-¼ÛGÅ-ÁÛG

1ü m-±º¤ü mG-ZïÅü Gôh-VG-¾-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Gmôh-Bôm-wôG-Åü2ü zÅh-hï-h¤¼-¤Vôh-hÝ-hzÞ¾-z¼-‚-zºÛ-hÝh-ºIôº¤-¤Ûü

1ü GŸm-HÛ-zÅ¤-±ß¾-¾¤-hïÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-‚ïh-¾Åü »P-m-GP-¸G-hï-ZÛh-„Àô-¾-¤Û-ºzz-q-¾-zdïm-mÅ-iP-zhïm-¤Ûm-qºÛ-Mã-¤±m-HÛÅ-Gmôh-º±ïºÛ-»Þ¾-hÝ-Nå¼-zü2ü h¤¼-¤Vôh-¿e-zÞºÛ-Vïh-GŸm-HÛ-¾G-ºôG-bà-º±ßh-qº¤-ÆôG-¾ïm-qü

GP-ŸÛG-h;º-ÇkÝG-¾-¢ô¼-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG-G¤-zMãh-¼Û¤ü »P-m-GŸm-HÛÅ-h;º-ÇkÝG-¾-¢ô¼-zºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü

±ôGÅ-ŸÝGÅ-q-n¤Å-Å-GmÅ-ºi-¤Ûm-hÝ-»ôh-ˆP-f¤Å-Th-wm-±ßm-G Þ̧GÅ-¤fôP-z½‰m-q¼-hP-O-Ç+h-zMãh-mÅ-¤fÞh-ºƒï¾-‚Å-qºÛ-±ôGÅ-ºhÝº¤ü hï-ºiºÛ-±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-±ßGÅ-qºÛ-‚-GŸG

victim

victimise

victimization

videoconference

1ü Aïm-Pm-wôG-ÅüGmôh-»Þ¾ü2ü GÅh-‚ü h¤¼-¤Vôh-hÝ-wÞ¾-zºÛ-ÆôG-VGÅü

1ü ÇkÝG-¾-¢ô¼-zü2ü Aïm-¾¤-hÝ-GbôP-zü

ÇkÝG-¢ôP-GbôP-±ß¾ü ÇkÝG-¾-¢ô¼-¾Åü

z½‰m-ºyÛm-zIô-JÀïP-ü z½‰m-ºyÛm-±ôGÅ-ºhÝü

Administration 84 º²Ûm-BôP-üh¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-hÝ-Zïm-D-¾Å-hôGÅ-ô̧m-hP.ü IâP-qô¼-GmÅ-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü

GŸm-HÛÅ-¼P-¾-Gmôh-º±ï-zB¾-ÅôP-zÅ¤Å-qºÛ-Mã-¤±m-HÛÅ-hï-¾-Gmôh-q-Bï¾-zº¤ü vô-ÇÀôP-zºÛ-ºzh-z ô̄m-‚ïh-qº¤ü hï-¿e¼-‚-MãºÛ-ºhÝm-qü

1ü GP-ŸÛG-¾-Gmôh-qº¤-GÅôh-qºÛ-;Ým-ÇÀôP-Tm-HÛ-GhÝG- ç̄z-Vï-zºÛ-uôh-qü2ü ±ÛG-GÛ-zïh-uôh-¾ôG-q¼-GbôP-zº¤ü Gô-hôm-¾ôG-q¼-ºIï¾-zºÛ-‚-GŸG

1ü GP-¸G-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-zBôh-q¼-ºhôh-ÅºÛ-M¾-Dz-hïºÛ-hzP-º²Ûm-qÅ-Bï-zô-hï-ZÛh-M¾-Dz-hï¼-zBôh-VôG-q-¤±ôm-‚ïh-hÝ-hïºÛ-xÛ-zBôh-¾G-Eï¼-ÇeïP-z;ôh-qºÛ-VôG-¤Vmü2ü z;º-ºFô¾-ŸÝ-hGôÅ-qºÛ-»ÛG-V-hG-GÛ-ÇeïP-Gô-GmÅ-¤fô-z-hG-GÛ-z;º-ºFô¾-¤±ôm-qºÛ-¤±m-dGÅü

1ü ¼P-GÛ-D-vôh-hÝ-»ôh-qºÛ-¤Ûº¤üGP-ŸÛG-hP-V-OÛG-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-

vigilance

vindictive

violence

visa

vis-à-vis

¤ï¾-±ïü

ºDôm-Åï¤Å- Û̂ü ºDôm-º²Ûm-HÛü

1ü iG-uôhü º±ï-zü2ü ¾ôG-¢ô¼ü

1ü ¤fôP-¤Vmü2ü ºFô¾-¤Vmü

1ü D-Gbh-¾ü2ü hï-hP-zÇkÝ¼-mÅü

85Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü¸G2ü GP-ŸÛG-hP-zÇkÝ¼-±ï-ŸïÅ-qºÛ-hôm-Çeôm-‚ïh- Û̂-±ÛG-yh-TÛG

i-M-D-xï-mÅ-i-GmÅ-ÁÛG-¾-¿e-zºÛ-hÝÅ-Ç+zÅü

Ç̈m-DP-mP-GÛ-mh-q-hP-z®ôm-DP-mP-GÛ-z®ôm-q-ÅôGÅ-hP-fÞG-ºyh-‚ïh-VôG-qºÛ-hÝÅ-±ôhü

i-MºÛ-ÇeïP-i-GmÅ-ÇSôG-¿e-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G

¤Iôm-DP-hP-hï-zŸÛm-¤P-±ôGÅ- Û̂-»Ûh-D-xôGÅ-ÅºÛ-GmÅ-ºIï¤Å-Çeôm-DP-¿e-zÞ¼-»ôP-¤Dm-n¤Å- Û̂-¤ÛP-hP-D-‚P.ühï-zŸÛm-¼P-GÛ-¥ôP-±ô¼-ÅôGÅ-ºGôh-ÅºÛ-hïzü

1ü ¤ÛG-GÛÅ-¤fôP-zº¤-¤fôP-zºÛ-mÝÅ-q-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛü2ü dôG-q¼-ºV¼-zºÛ-G Þ̧GÅ-z½‰mü

1ü uÛ¼-¤fôP-zºÛ-hôm-¾-Gô-»P-ü ‚ï-ƒG-bà-¼P-GÛ-¤ÛG-¤hÝm-hÝ-¤ïh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ºi-z½‰m-¼P-GÛ-„Àô-Pô¼-ºV¼-z¼-‚ïh-q-¾ºôü2ü GÁG-zTôÅ-hP-¼ôm-Wïm-JÀôG-q¼-

i-GmÅ-¾-¿e-zü

fÞG-ºyh-hÝÅ-±ôhü

i-GmÅ-¾-¿e-¤Dmü

¤Iôm-hïzü

1ü ¤fôP-z-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛü2ü ºV¼-ÇoP-GÛü

1ü GÅ¾-ºhïzÅ-qü2ü ¤Pôm-q¼-‚ïh-qü

visit

visiting hours

visitor

visitors’ book

visual

visualize

Administration 86 º²Ûm-BôP-üÅôGÅ-¾-zdïm-mÅ-DôG-qºÛ-mP-GÛ-hôm-Çoôh-¤fôP-z¼-z ô̧-zü

1ü GP-ŸÛG-º±ô-GmÅ-fÞz-qº¤ühïºÛ-mÝÅ-q-Mãm-GmÅ-fÞz-q¼-¤Dô-PïÅ-»Ûm-qº¤-G¾-Vï-»Ûm-qü2ü ÆôG-GÛ-Mãm-GmÅ-q¼-¤Dô-zºÛü

M¾-Dz-z¤-Å-GmÅ-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-hÝ-¤ÛºÛ-Bï-ºVÛ-hP.ü GZïm-OÛG-GÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼-GÅ¾-Çeôm-‚ïh-qºÛ-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-GmÅ-±ß¾ü

º±ô-z-hP-º±¼-¾ôPÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qº¤ü »P-m-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-hÝ-ºwï¾-MÅ-Vïm-qô-xÛm-qºÛ-¾ÞÅ-Åï¤Å- Û̂-mÝÅ-ÇeôzÅü

1ü PG-fôG-mÅ-zÁh-qºÛ-ºIï¾-zXôh-¾-ÅôGÅ-qü2ü PG-fôG-mÅ-¾m-ºhïzÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-MãGÅ-vôhü

1ü GP-¸G-‚ï-ƒG-qº¤-±ôGÅ-Çkï-‚ï-ƒG-qü »P-m-Vïh-¾Å-qÅ-zïh-uôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-±ÛG-GÛ-n¤-IPÅü2ü xÛ-M¾-Ç+h-»ÛG-ÇÀôz-hïz-¿e-zÞºÛ-¤WâG-bà-;-¤h-Gô-¼Û¤-hÝ-hôm-hG-hP-

vital

vital statistics

vitality

viva voce

vocabulary

1ü ÁÛm-bà-¤Dô-zºÛü2ü ±ï-ÆôG-¾-¤Dô-zºÛü

±ï-ÆôG- Û̄Å-IPÅü ¤Û-¼zÅ-IPÅ- Û̄Åü

Þ̧PÅ-ÇeôzÅü

1ü PG-¾¤-HÛü2ü PG-MãGÅü

1ü f-Ç‰hü2ü ±ÛG-ºIï¾-¼ïºÞ-¤ÛG

87Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üzTÅ-q-z;ôh-qºÛ-±ÛG-GÛ-fô-GŸÝP.ü

1ü GP-¸G-Åô-Åô¼-º±¤Å-qºÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-Å¤-¤Û-±ï-Bï¾-±ß¾ü2ü uÛ-±ôGÅ-¿e-zÞ-OÛG-º²âGÅ-Vï-z-ŸÛG-GÛ-Fôh-GP-¸G-G¤-Çkï-DG-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-fÞm-¤ôP-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-¾Å-ºGmü

ÇÀôz-IÔº¤-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ- Û̂-±m-q-ÅôGÅ-¾-zT¼-ºiÛ-hP-MãGÅ-vôh-¾-GŸÛ-zTô¾-bïü ÇÀôz-GZï¼-z-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ºWôm-fP-hP-¼P-GÁÛÅ-ÅôGÅ-¾-º±¤Å-qºÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-Å¤ü º±ô-fzÅ-ºhï¤Å-q¼-¼ôGÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-Vïh-¾Å-qºÛ-¾¤-Çeômü

ŸÛP-¾Å-Å¤-±ôP-¾Å-¿e-zÞ-¾Å-;ºÛ-n¤-IPÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-‚P-Vßz-qºÛ-hôm-hÝ-ÇÀôz-FÛh-‚ïh-qü

1ü Mã-μÅ-Å¤-hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-Gô-Å-WÛ-®¤-z;P-zºÛ-±h-GŸÛº¤ü Çoôh-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-DôG-q-Vï-VßP-GÛ-±h-GŸÛü2ü G Þ̧GÅ-¤fôP-½ÀâP-ºyÛm-m¤-½ÀâP-ºyÛm-ÅôGÅ-mÅ-º‚ãP-zºÛ-O-Ç+h-¤fô-h¤ºÛ-±h-GŸÛü3ü ±GÅ-ÁôG-hP-z½‰m-hïz-¿e-zÞ-ŸÛG-GÛ-¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-ºhôm-fïPÅ-±P-¤ºÛ-zÇe¼-¼Û¤ü

vocation

vocationalguidance

vocationaltraining.

volume

1ü ¾Å-¼ÛGÅü2ü fÞm-¤ôP-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-‚ïh-ÇKôüh¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-¾Å-DÞ¼ü

¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-ÇÀôz-Çeômü

¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-¢ôP-zl¼ü

1ü ÁôP-±hü2ü O-ÁÝGÅü3ü ¾ôü4ü qôhü

Administration 88 º²Ûm-BôP-ü4ü qô-bÛº¤-JÀïGÅ-z¤ü

GP-¸G-G¤-±ôGÅ-q-ÅôGÅ-¾-ºIô-¾ÞGÅ-¿e¼-¤P-±ôGÅ-hzÞÅ-ÅÞ-¾ïGÅ-GÅô¾-ŸÝ-zºÛ-Gb¤-zÁhü

FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-ºôÅ-zÇkÝºÛ-Ç+zÅ-ºôÅ-ÁôG-ºwïm-VôG-q-»Ûm-q-Çeôm-‚ïh- Û̂-¾G-Eï¼ü

fô-ºGôh-‚Å- Û̧m-qºÛ-ºôÅ-ÁôG-ºwïm-¤Dm-n¤Å- Û̂-¤ÛP-hP-D-‚P.ü hï-zŸÛm-±ôGÅ-q-GP-GÛ-ºƒï¾-DôPÅ-ÅÞ-»ôh-q-hP-ÇS¼-HÛ-ºôÅ-zÇkÝºÛ-mP-V-ÁÅ-„ÀPÅ-»ôh-¤ïh-¾-ÅôGÅ-q-ºDôh-qºÛ-fôü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-Vz-ÆÛh- Û̂-ºôÅ-ºhï¤Å-Ç+zÅ-ºôÅ-ÁôG-ºwïm-qºÛ-‚-GŸG-G¤-zMãh-¼Û¤ü

ºôÅ-zÇkÝºÛ-Ç+zÅ-¼P-ºGÝ¾-HÛÅ-ºôÅ-ÁôG-n¤Å-fô-ºGôh-‚ïh-q-hP-IPÅ-zÁï¼-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ-ºyâ¾-VÅ-ÁÛG

1ü hPôÅ-VÅ-¾-ÅôGÅ-q-Zô-z¼-hPÞ¾-HÛ-±z-bà-zïh-uôh-qºÛ-q-Åïº¤-dïm-hPôÅü »P-m-»ÛG-V-ÅôGÅü2ü ô̄h-¾ïm-GP-ŸÛG-zhïm-q-»Ûm-

vote of thanks

voter card

voter list

voting

voting machine

voucher

fÞGÅ-Xï-Vï-ŸÝºÛ-GÅÞP-zÁhü

ºôÅ-‚P.ü ºôÅ-ºwïm-‚P-zÞü

ºôÅ-ºwïm-qºÛ-¤ÛP-GŸÝP.üºôÅ-ºwïm-fô-GŸÝP.ü

ºôÅ-ºwïmü

ºôÅ-ºwïm-ºyâ¾-VÅü ºôÅ-zÇkÝºÛ-ºyâ¾-VÅü

1ü º²Ûm-ÁôG º²Ûm-‚P.ü-2ü DÞPÅ-Bï¾-º²Ûm-ÁôG3ü DG-fïG

89Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üq¼-Mz-Bô¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-»ÛG-Vü hqï¼-m-hPôÅ-VÅ-GP-ŸÛG-ZôÅ-q-zhïm-q-¼-vôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚ãP-º²Ûm-¿e-zÞü3ü zhïm-q-»Ûm-q¼-GÅ¾-Çeôm-‚ïh-¤Dm-m¤ü ºGm-¾ïm-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G-G¤-hPôÅ-qôü

1ü Vß-fôG-mÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-ºIâ¾-zŸÝh-h¤-ºIâ¾-zBôhü2ü z¼-ÇoP-P¤-¤Dº-fôG-mÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-ºIâ¾-zŸÝh-h¤-ºIâ¾-zBôhü3ü ¤±ô-fôG-G¤-¤Dº-fôG-ºIâ¾-zŸÝh-‚ïh-qü

1ü ©Å-Bôm-m¤-Gbô¼-Bôm-GbôP-ÇÀ-zºÛü2ü Bôm-zXôh-h¤-¼ï-ºhôhü »P-m-ÁÝGÅ-Aïm-ÅôGÅ-¾-±ô¼-z-Bïm-qºÛü

1ü ŸzÅ-ŸÝ-Oæz-qº¤-¾Å-;-‚Å-qºÛ-¾m-hÝ-Mãm-¿km-zhÝm-yG-¼ï-¿e-zÞ¼-fôz-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzzü2ü M¾-Dz-wm-±ßm-hz¼-h¤G-G¤-G»Þ¾-ÅôGÅ-ºGô-z®ßGÅ-bï-¤Þ-¤fÞh-zMz-qü

OÛG-º²âGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-mP-JÀ-wôGÅ- Û̂-±h-GŸÛ-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-hP-¾G-zÇe¼-HÛ-¾Å-hôm-ÅôGÅ-º²Ûm-BôP-‚ïh-ÇePÅü

voyage

vulnerable

wage

wageadministration

1ü ¤±ô-ºIâ¾ü Vß-zŸÝhü2ü ¤Dº-ºIâ¾ü ¤Dº-zŸÝhü3ü ¤Dº-ºIâ¾-‚ïh-qü ¤±ô-ºIâ¾-‚ïh-qü

1ü z ï̧-¼ï-Tmü2ü zÆm-VßP-zºÛü

1ü JÀ-wôGÅü JÀ-ºzzü2ü G»Þ¾-ºHïh-qü

JÀ-wôGÅ-º²Ûm-BôP.ü

Administration 90 º²Ûm-BôP-ü¾Å-zhG-hP-¾Å-¤ÛºÛ-¤fÞm-±ôGÅ-wm-±ßm-hz¼-Çtô¼-GTôG-Gô-ÇkÝ¼-zMãh-z ô̧-¼ÛGÅ-Å¤ü ¾Å-;-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-¾-M¾-»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-JÀ-wôGÅ-±h-GŸÛ-Gbm-ºzïzÅ- Û̂-IôÅ-¤fÞmü

JÀ-wôGÅ- Û̂-±h-GŸÛ-ÅôGÅ-dôG-ŸÛz-‚ïh-¤Dm-FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-OÛG-º²âGÅ-ÁÛG

¾Å-¤Û-GÅ¼-qºÛ-hGôÅ-ºhÝm-DÅ-¾ïm-‚Å-qºÛ-Mã-¤±m-HÛÅ-hï-ÇS-»ôh-zŸÛm-qºÛ-¾Å-¤Û-n¤Å- Û̂-JÀ-wôGÅ-¾Å-¤P-z-vôh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü

z ô̧-IÔºÛ-¾Å-;ºÛ-Pô-zô-GTÛG-¤±ßPÅ-»Ûm-¼ÞP-¾Å-;ºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-hP-fôm-μÅ- Û̂-¼ÛGÅü ¾Å-;ºÛ-hÝÅ-»Þmü z ô̧-IÔÔ-¿e-zÞ-VGÅ-»Þ¾-ÅôGÅ-Û̂-Mã-¤±m-¾-zdïm-mÅ-JÀ-wôGÅ-¤P-ZÝP-GÛ-Eh-q¼ü

1ü mP-EÛ¤-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-¾Å-;ºÛ-JÀ-wôGÅ-»ôh-qºÛ-GP-¸G2ü JÀ-wôGÅ-PïÅ-Gbm-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-¤Ûm-q¼-Vß-±ôh-hP-ü ZÛ-¤üzhÝm-yG-GP-¼ÞP-GÛ-¾Å-»Þm-GŸÛ¼-z Þ̧P-GÛ-JÀ-ºzz-Vïh-¾Å-;-‚ïh-

wage agreement

wage board

wage compression

wage differential

wage earner

JÀ-wôGÅ-IôÅ-¤fÞmü

JÀ-wôGÅ-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü

z®Û¼-wôGÅ-fôh-L¾ü

JÀ-wôGÅ-z¼-Ehü

1ü JÀ-wôGÅ-Tmü2ü ZÛm-JÀºÛ-¾Å-¤Ûü

91Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü¤Dm-HÛ-GP-̧ G

¾Å-¤Û-GP-ŸÛG-¾-JÀ-hPÞ¾-vôh-±ß¾-HÛ-GŸÛ-dïm-¿e-zÞü

;¤-q-aÛº¤-GŸÝP-GÛÅ-¾Å-¤Û¼-vôh-MãºÛ-JÀ-wôGÅ-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-‚Å-q-¾Å-¿ËG-q-Çt¼-V-¤Û-VôG-qü

¾Å-¤Û-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-fôm-Bïh-mÝÅ-q-»¼-MÅ-GbôP-Vïh-¾Å-¤Û-hï-¾-vh-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼-ºw¼-¤ü

»Þ¾-¤Û¼-vôh-qºÛ-JÀ-wôGÅ- Û̂-OÛG-Æô¾-ÅôGÅ-GŸÝP-mÅ-Gbm-ºzïzÅ- Û̂-ºzh-¯ô¾ü

¾Å-¤Û-n¤Å-hP-hï-hG-Åô-Åô¼-fôz-qºÛ-JÀ-wôGÅ-zTÅ- Û̂-fô-GŸÝP.ü

ºy¾-hÝ-fôz-fzÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-¤fÞm-Aïm-hP-Å-¤ÛG-¿e-zÞ-GP-¼ÞP-GÛ-Vïh-ÇKÝG-zÇkh-qºÛ-Bï-zô-hG-GÛ-fôü

¤ï-ºDô¼-hP-uÛ-uôh-½ÀPÅ-ºDô¼-ÅôGÅ-¤-ÇÀïzÅ-z¼-hP-ü Ç̈m-q-Çeïm-GbàGÅ-Û̂-zP-¼Û¤-¤-ÇÀïzÅ-z¼-Bï-zô-n¤Å-ÇKÝG-»Þm-¼ÛP-Çkôh-ÅºÛ-DP-q-ŸÛG

wage formula

wage freeze

wage incentive

wage regulation

wage sheet

waiting list

waiting room

JÀ-wôGÅ-ºIô-ÇePÅü

Çt¼-VºÛ-z;G-Mü

Ç+Ý¾-ºhïzÅ-JÀ-wôGÅü

JÀ-wôGÅ-OÛG-Æô¾-Gbm-ºzïzÅü

JÀ-wôGÅ-fôz-GŸÝP.ü

ÇKÝG-fôü

ÇKÝG-DP.ü

Administration 92 º²Ûm-BôP-ü¼P-ZÛh-G¼-ºIôºÛ-Å¼-ºEï¼-VôG-TÛP-zl-¾m-w¼-vôh-±ß¼-¾ïm-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ-½ÀâP-ºyÛm-VßP-PÞ-ŸÛG

1ü º²Ûm-BôP-hP-ºfÞÅ-¤ÛºÛ-ºôÅ-ºhï¤Å-¿e-zÞ-¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-IôP-Eï¼-hP-ü IôP-Çkïü IôP-GÅïz-ÅôGÅ-hÝ¤-zÞ-VßP-PÞ¼-zGôÅ-qºÛ-Å-DÞ¾-‚ï-ƒG-qü2ü Ç̈m-DP-hÝ-¿e-BôP-hP-Ç̈m-HÛ-hGôÅ-¤Dô-ºi-zºÛ-mh-q-hÝ-¤-¤Z¤-Çkôh-‚ïh-Åü3ü FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-FÛ¤Å-DP-P¤ü»P-m-º±ô-º²Ûm-qºÛ-¿e-BôP-ºôG-GmÅ-qºÛ-yâ-GÝº¤-GP-̧ G

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-±ôP-DP-ÅôGÅ-ÅÞ-ºIï¤Å-Çtï¾-¤-‚Å-Çkôm-hÝ-T-hPôÅ-ºwôm-Vïm-n¤Å-ºWôG-ÅºÛ-DP-Vïm-ŸÛG

Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-¾-º‚ãP-ºHã¼-HÛ-Zïm-D-hP-Aïm-Pm-Gôh-VG-¿e-zÞ-¤Û-»ôP-zº¤-z¹ôG-qºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-zl-‚ïh-qü

1ü Zïm-dôG-q-ŸÛG-¾-ZïÅ-Tm-º²Ûm-z Þ̧P-¿e-zÞ-‚-MãºÛ-hzP-±h-vôh-q¼-FÛ¤Å-hqôm-HÛÅ-¤±m-dGÅ-z;ôh-qºÛ-»ÛG-Vü

walkie talkie set

ward

ware house

warn

warrant

¿~G-;Û-‡ôG-;Ûü

1ü ºGm-DôPÅü2ü mh-GÅô-DP.ü3ü ¿e-BôP-‚-»Þ¾ü

±ôP- ô̧P-hôÅ-DP.ü

Zïm-zl-GbôP-zü

1ü FÛ¤Å-ÅºÛ-z;º-ÁôG2ü Mã-¤±m-ºfh-¿kmü

93Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü2ü ¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-‚ïh-q¼-PôÅ-¾ïm-fÞz-qºÛ-Mã-¤±mü

z®ôP-MãºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-hï-hÝÅ-»Þm-PïÅ-Tm-mP-hÝ-Bôm-Áô¼-z-ÅôGÅ-º‚ãP-±ïü ;¤-q-aÛ-mÅ-z ô̧-zTôÅ-Å¤-zXï-±z-vôh-MãºÛ-»ÛG-fôG-bà-ºDôh-qºÛ-DÅ-¾ïm-h¤-zTºü

DP-qºÛ-Iâ- Þ̧¼-¿e-zÞ¼-ºWôG-qºÛ-ÁôG-Éâ¾-ÅôGÅ-¿kÝG-ÅºÛ-Çoôhü

Åô-m¤-ºhïzÅ-¾Å-hP-º²âGÅ-Cæm-ÅôGÅ-GP-GÛ-Vïh-hÝºP-zïh-¤ïh-hÝ-Hã¼-qºÛ-Å-Eôm-ŸÛG

;¤-q-aÛ-hG-GÛÅ-FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-HÛ-‚-z-hP-¤Û-¤P-GÛ-fôz-fP-ÅôGÅ-¾-ÇoP-¤ïh-lôG-¼ô¾-‚ïh-¤Ûm-ŸÛz-zÁï¼-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-Bï-zôº¤-Bï-zôºÛ-Çkïü

Mãm-Gbm-hÝ-z;ô¾-uôh-‚Å-qºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-º²Ûm-VÅ-hP-¤D¼-hPôÅ-ÅôGÅ-½‰ÛP-¸h-hÝ-ºIô-ÇePÅü

Å-GmÅ-hP-hÝÅ-‚ï-ƒG-q-TÛG-GÛ-½ÀâP-D¤Å- Û̂-GmÅ-±ß¾-bïü ±-IP-hP.ü¤Dº-½ÀâP-ü ZÛ-¤-ºV¼-¤Ûmü V¼-q-ºzz-¤Ûm-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-GmÅ-ÇePÅü

warranty

waste paperbasket

wasteland

watchdog

wear and tear

weather

ºGm-¾ïmü

ÁôG-Ç‰ÛGÅ-„ÀâG-Çoôhü

zïh-¤ïh-Å-ÇeôP.ü

‚-¼-zü

Ç+Ý¾-̧ hü

Gm¤-GÁÛÅü

Administration 94 º²Ûm-BôP-üZÛ-¤-hP.ü D-V¼ü ½ÀâP-ÅôGÅ- Û̂Å-ƒG-lôº¤-hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-D-hôG-G¤-h‚ÛzÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-¾-ºHã¼-z-GbôP-±ß¾ü

hGôÅ-¤Dô-¤ïh-qº¤-GŸm-¾Å-Ÿm-V-Vïï-zºÛ-Mã-¤±m-HÛÅü T-hPôÅ-Å¤-GP-¸G-GP-ŸÛG-xÛ¼-ºzÞh-qº¤-¾ôGÅ-ÅÞ-h‚ï-zü

¾Å-DÞPÅ-ÅôGÅ-ÅÞ-¾Å-¤Û-n¤Å-¾-zhÝm-¼ïºÛ-fôz-‚ºÛ-GÝP-ÅïP-ÅôGÅ-zïh-uôh-¤Û-GbôP-z¼- Þ̧¼-hÝ-Z¼-GÅôG-‚ïh-qü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-zhÝm-yG-GôP-¤ºÛ-Vz-ÆÛh- Û̂-G¾-VïºÛ-‚ãP-z-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-GmÅ-±ß¾-¤Dô-Oæz-‚Å-mÅ-½ÀâP-ºyÛm-zMãh-zhÝm-¼ïºÛ-ºV¼-Tm-iÛ¾-zOGÅ-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-hrh-ŸÛz-¾Å-¼Û¤-ŸÛG

¼ïÅ-G¸º-wÞ¼-zÞ-m¤-»Ûm-¾-IôÅ-±ôGÅ-mP-iÛ-zºÛ-hÝÅ-±ôh-Ç+zÅ-xôGÅ-ºG¾-±ôGÅ-qºÛ-iÛ-z-n¤Å-¾-GŸÝP-º²Ûm-ºGô-FÛh-qÅ-¾m-ºhïzÅ- Û̂-Gb¤-zÁhü

weathering

weedout

weekly off reserve

weekly report

weekly statement

º‚ãP-zºÛ-ÁÝGÅ-Aïmü

»Þ¼-Åï¾-‚ïh-qü

zhÝm-¼ïºÛ-fôz-ÅïP-GÅôG-ºWôG

zhÝm-¼ïºÛ-Ç‰m-fôü

zhÝm-¼ïºÛ-zOGÅ-Gb¤ü

95Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü1ü uÛ¼-zbP-Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ºyôh-zÇeïm-hP-¾ÞÅ-Åï¤Å- Û̂-zhï-fzÅü2ü Bï-zôº¤-hÝh-ºIô-n¤Å- Û̂-hGôÅ-¤Dô-zÇ+ôP-Vïh-hÝ-GŸÝP-mÅ-hq¾-º‚ô¼-¼¤ü »P-m-¾Å-hôm-D-»ôh-¾G-»ôh-Û̂-¼ôGÅ-¼¤-¤Dô-vôhü

ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GÛÅ-ºV¼-GŸÛ-hP.fh-;¼-hPÞ¾-HÛ-¼ôGÅ-Bô¼-zMãh-hïü ¤Pº-ºzPÅ-»ôPÅ-μôGÅ- Û̂-GŸÛ-¼Û¤-ºyôh-zÇeïm-hP.ü ÇÀôz-¢ôP.ü hq¾-º‚ô¼-HÛ-zhï-¯-n¤Å-GŸÝP-GÛ-fôG-¤ºÛ-¾Å-ºGm-»Ûm-q¼-PôÅ-º²Ûm-‚ïh-qºÛ-Vz-ÆÛh- Û̂-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-ÁÛG

¤±ô-hP-G®P-VßºÛ-Iâ-D¼-IâºÛ-hô-VÅ-ºWâG-ºhôm-‚ïh-ÅºÛ-ÇkÛPÅ-Vü

1ü Vz-ÆÛh-±ôGÅ-q-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-±ôGÅ-¤Û-n¤Å-GmÅ-hôm-G¾-VïºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-zIô-JÀïP-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-PïÅ-q¼-hÝ-±ôGÅ-zT¼-hP-ºôÅ-ÁôG-ºwïm-hÝ-ºWâG-MãºÛ-¾Å-ºGm-Tm-HÛ-GP-̧ G2ü Vz-ÆÛh- Û̂-±ôGÅ-q-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-±ôGÅ-¤Û-n¤Å-¾-GmÅ-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-fh-ºôÅ-ÁôG-WÛ-¿e¼-ºwïm-hGôÅ-¤Ûm-HÛ-»ÛG-fôG-z;ôh-Ezü

welfare

welfare state

wharf

whip

1ü zhï-ÇkÝG wm-zhïü2ü zhï-hômü ¼ôGÅ-Bô¼ü

zhï-hôm-M¾-Dzü

IâºÛ-ºzz-ÇeïGÅü

1ü mP-FÛ¤Å-qü2ü mP-FÛ¤Å-z;ôh-Ezü

Administration 96 º²Ûm-BôP-üÆÛh-GŸÝP-mÅ-FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ-GÅ¼-q-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-¤-‚Å-Çkôm-hÝü hïºÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-hP-ºV¼-GŸÛ-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-ŸÛz-yºÛ-ºIï¾-zXôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-GŸÝP-GÛ-Ç‰m-fôü

±ôP-DP-hP-±ôP-¾Å-ÅôGÅ-mÅ-±ôP-ô̧P-ºwôm-Vïm-Zô-±ôP-MG-¤Dmü

P¾- ô̄¾-¤fÞm-±ôGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-¾Å-Çoï-ºGm-º²Ûm-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-z;º-ºFô¾-¾¤ü ¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-¤ïh-q¼-¾Å-¤Û-n¤Å-mÅ-¼P-¤ôÅ- Û̂Å-¾Å-;-¤±¤Å-ºWôG-GÛ-Pô-Lô¾-‚ïh-ÇePÅü

1ü Bï-zô-n¤Å- Û̂-hô-ÇoP-ºGÝG-Vïh-±ôP-DP-GÛ-Áï¾-Oô¤-mP-hÝ-hPôÅ-qô-n¤Å-OÛG-GÁô¤-¾ïGÅ-q¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-Nå-¯¾ü2ü GŸm-HÛÅ-¿e-ÇoP-¤fôP-xôGÅ-¾-¤²ïÅ-qô-hP-„Àô-¾-zz-qô-»ôP-Vïh-®¤-¾Å-hPôÅ-ºƒï¾-HÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-GP-»P-¤Û-Çeôm-qºÛ-‚-GŸG

»ÛG-Ç+ôGÅ-mP-zTßG-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-z;ôh-qºÛ-D-‚P-xÛ¼-¤fôP-fÞz-qºÛ-ÇKïºÞ-DÞP-¿e-zÞ-»ôh-qºÛ-»ÛG-Ç+ôGÅ-ÁÛG

white paper

wholesaler

wildcat strike

window dressing

window envelope

»ÛG-V-h;¼-qôü

Çkïz-±ôP-MG-¤Dmü Çkïz-±ôP-qü

¼P-º±¤Å-Pô-Lô¾ü

1ü ±ôP-VÅ-OÛG-¯¾ü2ü ¤ï-¾ôP-mP-GÛ-OÛG-GÁô¤ü

ÇKïºÞ-DÞP-»ÛG-Ç+ôGÅü

97Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üZô-MãºÛ-;Ým-ÇÀôP-GP-»P-¤ïh-q¼-±ôP-DP-GÛ-Áï¾-Oô¤-hÝ-zOÛGÅ-qºÛ-±ôP- ô̧G-n¤Å-¾-¿e-Ç+ô¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG

xÛ-¾Å-JÀôG-Ç+Ýh-¤fÞh-¤Û-hGôÅ-q¼-½ÀâP-ºyÛm-HÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-¾-zdïm-mÅ-Bï-zô-wm-±ßm-hz¼-¾m-zl-GbôP-¾ïm-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ-ºyâ¾-¾Å-ÁÛG

¼P-GÛ-hPÞ¾-DP-zTßG-F-mÅ-hPÞ¾-ºhôm-qºÛ-‚-GŸG

hPÞ¾-DP- Û̄Å-FºÛ-zhG-qôÅ-hPÞ¾-¾ïm-q¼-hPÞ¾-DP-¾-vôh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-ÁôG-º²Ûm-ŸÛG

1ü Åï¤Å-ÁÝGÅ-Å¤-Ç‰ÛP-¼ÞÅ-Vïm-qôºÛ-PP-¾Å-;-‚ïh-¤Dmü2ü ºyâ¾-VÅ-¿e-zÞ-hÝÅ-»Þm-¼ÛP-qô¼-zïh-uôh-¾ïGÅ-qô-»ôh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qôü

z ô̧-IÔ-ÅôGÅ-ÅÞ-¾Å-¤Û-n¤Å- Û̂-¾Å-;ºÛ-V-Aïm-Bô-qô-hP-ü JÀ-wôGÅ-h¤º-qô-»ôh-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-±P-¤Å-¾Å-;-¤Û-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG

1ü ÇÀôz-yâG-n¤Å- Û̂-Vïh-hÝ-z ô̧Å-qºÛ-¢ôP-±m-hP-hï-hG-GÛ-¾m-ºƒÛ-ÅºÛ-ÇeôP-V-»ôh-qºÛ-hïz-TÛG

window-shopping

wireless set

withdrawal

withdrawal slip

work horse

work stoppage

workbook

ÇKïºÞ-DÞP-¤ÛG-Ç+ô¼ü

Ç+Ýh-¤ïh-½ÀâP-ºyÛmü

ºhôm-Fü

ºhôm-FºÛ-ÁôG-º²¼ü

1ü Ç‰ÛP-¼ÞÅ-Tmü2ü fÞz-Vï-zºÛ-hPôÅ-qôü

¾Å-;-¤±¤Å-ºWôG

1ü ¢ôP-hïzü2ü ¾Å-hïzü

Administration 98 º²Ûm-BôP-ü2ü GP-‚Å- Û̧m-qº¤-‚ïh-ºV¼-»ôh-qºÛ-¾Å-;-fô-ºGôh-‚ïh-ÅºÛ-hïzü

GŸÝP-GÛÅ-¾Å-¤ïh-Bï-zô-n¤Å-¾-±ôGÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-;-¿e-zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-‚ïh-hÝ-zTßG-mÅ-hïºÛ-¾Å-±z-bà-¸Å-GôÅ-º±ô-Vïh- Û̂-hPÞ¾-ÅôGÅ-vôh-MãºÛ-GŸÝP-GÛ-¾Å-¼Û¤-ŸÛG

hzÞ¾-ŸÛP-wôPÅ-qºÛ-¤Û-n¤Å-GmÅ-Çkôh-‚ïh-q-hP.ü hï-hG-GÛÛ-JÀ-wôGÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-¾Å- ô̄¾-HÛ-¾m-hÝ-D-¸Å-®¤-¢Ûm-qºÛ-GmÅü

±ôP-¾Å-¿e-zÞ-ºGô-º²âGÅ-Ç+zÅ- Û̂-±ôP-DP-hP-»ô-VÅ-ÅôGÅ-Zô-Mã-¾Å-GŸm-qºÛ-±ôP-¾Å-¤Þ-¤fÞh-‚ïh-q¼-¤Dô-zºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼-ŸÛG

uÛ-±ôGÅ-mP-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼-hP-hzP-V-ÅôGÅ-hï-®¤-¤ïh-q¼-Mãm-Gbm-P¾-ô̄¾-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-ÅÞ-ºWâG-qºÛ-Çkï-DG

1ü ºhï¤Å-OæG-‚Å-qºÛ-Bï-zôºÛ-±ôGÅ-q-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-ºyôh-zÇeïm-hP-ü ÁïÅ-»ômü FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-fh-hrh-ŸÛz-‚Å-qºÛ-Ç‰m-fôü

workfare

workhouse

working capital

working class

working paper

¾Å-hôh-º±ô-Çoômü

¿eô-¾Å-DP-ü

fzÅ-¾ïm-¤-¯ü

P¾- ô̄¾-I¾-¼Û¤ü

1ü ŸÛz-ºWâG-Ç‰m-fôü2ü JÀ-ºfÞÅ-VôG-¤Vmü

99Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü2ü ¼P-¾ô-zTß-iâG-¤-¾ôm-qºÛ-‚ÛÅ-q-ŸÛG-¾-JÀ-wôGÅ-Tm-HÛ-¾Å-;-vôh-qºÛ-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-HÛ-»ÛG-V-ŸÛG

h;º-Gmh-h¤-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-¾-ŸÛz-ºWâG-‚Å-bïü GP-hGº-TÛ-¾ïGÅ- Û̂-IôÅ-ºV¼-¾¤-Çeôm-‚ïh-qô¼-ºhï¤Å-OæG-‚Å-qºÛ-±ôGÅ-q-ŸÛG

OÛG-º²âGÅ-Å¤ü Bï-zô-‚ï-ƒG-q-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-hÝÅ-»Þm-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-mP-zOæz-hGôÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-;ºÛ-ºzô¼-±hü

1ü ºyâ¾-VÅ-hP-¾G-V-ÅôGÅ-zïh-uh-qºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-hPôÅ-qô-n¤Å-z ô̧-Cæm-m¤ü »P-m-z ô̧-zTôÅ-MG-ÅºÛ-GmÅü2ü GmÅ-hôm-m¤-zXôh-GŸÛ-‚ï-ƒG-q-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-Bï-zô-n¤Å-wm-±ßm-zÅ¤-±ß¾-hP-Z¤Å-¥ôP-zXï-¾ïm-HÛ-¾¤-mÅ-IôÅ-ÇkÝ¼-hP-¾G-zÇe¼-HÛ-¾Å-;¼-¤Z¤-ŸÝGÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-ºhÝÅ-±ôGÅü

Bï-zô-ŸÛG-¾-FÛ¤Å-DP-mÅ-ºhÛ-‚-ºhÛ-¤Ûm-HÛ-z;º-z;ôh-GmP-zºÛ-»ÛG-V-ŸÛG

1ü ºôh- ï̧¼-y-zôºÛ-Ez-ºHïh- Û̂-mÝÅ-q-¾-zdïm-mÅ-xÛ-GÅ¾-mP-GÅ¾-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-ºzÛG-fÞz-q-hP-hïºÛ-mP-GÛ-V-ÁÅ- Û̂-JÀôG-q¼-MG-fÞz-qºÛ-ºôh- ï̧¼-

working party

workload

workshop

writ

x-ray

¾Å-hôm-±ôGÅ-qü

¾Å-ºzô¼ü

1ü ¾Å-IÔÔ z ô̧-DP-ü2ü ¸z-¢ôP.ü

FÛ¤Å-DP-GÛ-z;º-ÁôG

1ü ÍïG-ÅÛ-ºyô-ºôhü2ü JÀôG-q¼ü

Administration 100 º²Ûm-BôP-üŸÛG2ü ºôh- ï̧¼-y-¤ôºÛ-mÝÅ-q-¾-zdïm-mÅ-¾ÞÅ-qôºÛ-mP-GÛ-V-ÁÅ-¿e-zÞ-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-xÛ-GÅ¾-mP-GÅ¾-HÛ-q¼-MG-MãºÛ-¾G-¯¾-ŸÛG

1ü DP-qºÛ-xÛºÛ-Å-ÇeôP- Û̄G-qÅ-¤fº-mÅ-zÇ+ô¼-z-ŸÛG2ü wÛ-‡Û-GÅÞ¤-Å¤-È-¾¤-Åïm-‡Û-¤Û-‡¼- 91.4 hP-¤Z¤-qºÛ-¼ÛP-±h-ºW¾-‚ïh- Û̂- Û̄-GŸÛ-ŸÛG

1ü h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-¾Å-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-Åô-ÅôºÛ-¾ô-ÇSôm-¤ºÛ-G¾-VïºÛ-‚ãP-z-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Ç+ô¼-ŸÛz-y-ºDôh-qºÛ-¾ô-¿e¼-fïPÅ-¼ï-q¼-ºIï¤Å-‚ïh-qºÛ-hïz-TÛG2ü ¤fô-¼Û¤-ÇÀôz-IÔÔºÛ-º²Ûm-¼Û¤-¤fº-¤-fôm-¤Dm-ÇÀôz-yâG-n¤Å-Û̂Å-ÇÀôz-IÔÔºÛ-hÝÅ-Ç+zÅ- Û̂-G¾-VïºÛ-‚ãP-z-ÅôGÅ-¾-xÛ-¤ÛG-hP-im-GÅôºÛ-Vïh-xôGÅ-OÛG-‚Å-qºÛ-hïzü

1ü ŸÛP-¾Å-fôm-Bïh-h¤-±ôP-GÛ-Dï-ÇtôGÅü »P-m-¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¤fº-¤ºÛ-Iâz-ºƒÅ-¿e-zÞ-¾ïGÅ-q¼-ºhôm-qü2ü ¼P-ZÛh-‚ïh-ºhôh-¤ïh-qºÛ-¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-‚-Mã¼-DÅ-¾ïm-‚ïh-qº¤-GŸm-HÛÅ-‚ïh-q¼-z;G-

yard

yearbook

yield

1ü ÇKô-¼ü2ü ºhô¤-xïhü ÇK-WÛü

1ü ¾ô-hïzü2ü ÇÀôz-¤fºÛ-¾ô-hïzü

1ü fôm-ºzz-‚ãP-zü2ü zÅ¤-ÁïÅ-‚ïh-qü3ü w¤-DÞ¼-zü ¤Gô-ÇKÝ¼-zü


youth trainingscheme

zeal

zebra crossing

zenith

zoom lens

ºGôG-¤Û-‚ïh-qü3ü M¾-Dz-z¤-Bï-zô-ŸÛG-GÛ-zhG-hzP-hÝ-Hã¼-qºÛ-Å-DÞ¾-¾¤-hPôÅ-qô-¿e-zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-GŸm-HÛÅ-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅ-ºôG-w¤-qº¤-GŸm-¾-„ÀôÅ-GbôP-‚ïh-qü

¾Å-¤ïh-GŸôm-BïÅ-n¤Å-¾-¾Å-;ºÛ-Gô-Ç+zÅ-XïÅ-ºƒï¾-HÛ-¢ôP-zl¼-hP-¾Å-;ºÛ-Z¤Å-¥ôP-Çtï¾-fzÅ- Û̂-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-¾Å-ºV¼ü

¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-‚-ºhôh- Û̂Å-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-HÛ-vô-Åï¤Å-hP-P¼-ÁÝGÅü

Bï-zô-n¤Å- Û̂Å-M-¾¤-ºyïh-zTh-@P-zIôh-‚ïh-Å-h;¼-mG-fh-GÁÛz-bà-z;ôh-qºÛ-fÛG-dGÅ-ÁÛG

1ü ¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-uÛ-zôºÛ-fh- Û̂-ÇeïP-xôGÅ-bïü ¤Dº-h‚ÛPÅ-ÅÞ-ZÛ-¤º¤-¹-zºÛ-Mã-¾¤-¤fô-ÁôÅ- Û̂-GmÅü2ü hPôÅ-qôº¤-‚-GŸG-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-Vï-ÁôÅ-Å¤-Iâz-ºƒÅ-¤fô-ÁôÅ-¿km-qºÛ-hÝÅ-Ç+zÅü

q¼-MG-»Þ¾-HÛ-hPôÅ-qô-hïºÛ-G Þ̧GÅ-z½‰m-hïºÛ-ÇoP-±ß¾-Zï-ºHPÅ-OÛG-q¼-¤Dô-zºÛ-hP-Áï¾-ŸÛG

GŸôm-BïÅ-¢ôP-zl¼-ºV¼-GŸÛü

hP-Ÿïmü hP-zü

ºyïh-zTh-AP-¾¤ü

1ü hGÝP-ÇSôm-HÛ-h‚ÛPÅü2ü »P- ï̄ü

ºfïm-Áï¾ü ºfïm-μâ¤-hP-Áï¾ü

Medicine Ç¨mü103

zl-Vh-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-¾Å-ºV¼üTIBETAN TERMINOLOGY PROJECT

Ç¨m-HÛ-zl-VhüMEDICAL TERMS

hzÞÅ-Ç¨m-¯ÛÅ-DP.üMEN-TSE-KHANG / TMAI

Medicine 104 Ç¨müabducens nerve

accessory nerve

adenosis

arachniodmembrane

blood coagulation

brain stem

breech delivery

caesarean birth

¤ÛG-GŸôG-Vß-¯ü ¤ÛG-GŸôG-hzP-¯ü

GZº-zºÛ-Vß-¯ü

©ïm-zÞºÛ-mhü

M-h¼-z¼-¤ü

FG-ºEGÅü

>Àh-ŸzÅü

¿kôG-BïÅü

GÁGÅ-BïÅü

>Àh-qºÛ-Vß-¯º¤-hzP-¯-iâG-q-Çeïü¤ÛG- Þ̧¼-HÛ-Á-IÛ¤-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ- Þ̧¼-z¿eºÛ-Vß-¯-GZÛÅ- Û̂-¤ÛP.ü

Ç+ï-¤WÛP-hP-GZº-zºÛ-Á-IÛ¤-HÛ-Mãh-hÝ-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-Zï-ºhzÅ-Vß-¯-GZÛÅ- Û̂-¤ÛP.ü

¾ÞÅ- Û̂-©ïm-zÞºÛ-mhü

>Àh-BÛ-¼Û¤-q-GÅÞ¤-»ôh-q-¾Å-z¼-¤-Çeïü ºzÞ-Çkô¤-HÛ-i-z-¿e¼-VGÅ-q-hï-»Û-¤ÛP.ü

FG-ÇÀ-zºÛ-n¤-q-hï-G¼-qô¼-Hã¼-mÅ-¯-¾¤-hÝ-ºD¼-bï-Mã-¤Û-fÞz-q¼-Æ-z¼-Hã¼-qºÛ-hômü

>Àh-GŸÝP-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ->Àh-¸¤-üz¼->Àh-zTÅ- Û̂Å-Iâz-qºÛ->Àh-qºÛ-V-ÁÅ-¾-¸ï¼ü

yâ-GÝºÛ-@P-qº¤-¤Gô-ÇSôm-¾-fôm-mÅ-BïÅ-qºÛ-hômü

£æ¤-¤ºÛ-¿eô-z-GÁGÅ-mÅ-yâ-GÝ-z®Å-q-¾-‚ºôü

Medicine Ç¨mü105

¤Vï-z-ü

Ç+ï-©ïmü

¤FÛÅ-Cmü

¾ôP-mh-¿e-VÅü ¾ôP-Áï¾ü

¾ôP-GÛ-zdG-hrhü

¾ôP-GÁGÅü

vÛü

hÝGÅü

canine tooth

cervical lymph node

cholelithiasis

colonoscope

colonoscopy

colostomy

colostrum

compression therapy

¤hÝm-Åô-hP-ºI¤-Åô-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-z¼-¾-BïÅ-qºÛ-¯ï-nô-zºÛ-Åô-zŸÛºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

Ç+ïºÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-»ôh-qºÛ-©ïm-zÞ-¾- ï̧¼ü

hÐPÅ-¤-¤-ŸÝ-z-¤VÛm-q¼-GmÅ-q-¤FÛÅ-q¼-¾ËàP-z-hï-¤FÛÅ-qºÛ- Û̄-VGÅ-mÅ-ºiÛ¾-zºÛ-Cm-mh-TÛG

¾ôP-GºÛ-mP-GÛ-mh-¼ÛGÅ-¤ÛG-GÛÅ-¤fôP-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-ºôh-ºiïm-MãÅ-Ç+Ýh- Û̂-mh-zdG-»ô-VÅ-ÁÛG

¾ôP-Áï¾-HÛÅ-¾ôP-GºÛ-mh-¼ÛGÅ-¾-zdG-hrh-‚ïh-qºÛ-hômü

¿eô-z-mÅ-fh-;¼-zdô¾-bï-¾ôP-mÅ-zÁP-z-ºhôm-qºÛ-GÁGÅ-zTôÅü

zÞ-BïÅ-mÅ-ZÛm-hP-qôº¤-GZÛÅ-q¼-‚ãP-zºÛ-mÝ-Ÿô-fôG-¤ºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

hrh-¿SºÛ-»-H¾-mh-Åô-Åô¼-wm-qºÛ-μÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾ÞÅ- Û̂-mh-h¤ÛGÅ-ÇeïP-hÝ-zhÝG-qº¤üÅ¢¼-mÅ-m-¸ÞG-ÅôGÅ-ºy¾-hÝ-GTôG-q¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-zTôÅ-fzÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü

Medicine 106 Ç¨müzÅÛ¾-hÝGÅü

Ç‰ÛP-GÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-Z¤Å-qü

z¾-»ïü »ïºÞü

z¾-»ïü »ïºÞü

>Àh-qºÛ-Vß-¯ü

Åïm-BÛü Åïm-Áü

Vß-Cmü

¿KP-qºÛ-GZm-±hü

¾ÞG-GŸÝG

coolcompressiontherapy

coronary failure

cotton buds

cotton swabs

cranial nerves

cuticles

cyst

cystitis

deltoid muscle

Vß-hP-lô-IP-¤ô-ÅôGÅ-mh-h¤ÛGÅ-ÇeïP-hÝ-zhÝG-qº¤-¢¼-mÅ-m-¸ÞG-GTôG-q¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-zTôÅ-fzÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü

heart failure ¾-¿eôÅü

-cotton swabs ¾-¿eôÅü

ÁÛP-zÞ-¾-ÅôGÅ-qºÛ-Çoï-GTÛG-G¤üGZÛÅ-;¼-ÆÛm-z¾-ºW¤-qôÅ-h=ÛÅ-qºÛ-n-z-QôG-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ô-‚h-TÛG

V-zTß-GZÛÅ-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛ-G®ô-zô->Àh-qºÛ-M-h¼-HÛ-V-ÁÅ-Åô-Åô-mÅ-fh-;¼-HïÅ-qºÛ->Àh-qºÛ-Vß-¯º¤-hzP-¯ºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

¾G-q-hP-@P-qºÛ-Åïm-¤ôºÛ-¯-zºÛ-qGÅ-qºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

xÛ-»Û-Á-qGÅ-hP-mP-GÛ-hôm-Çoôh-mP-hÝ-Mãm-¿km-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-Vß-¿KP-¿e¼-BïÅ-qºÛ-Cmü

¿KP-q¼-±-z-ŸÝGÅ-mÅ-GZm-D-MÅ-qºÛ-mhü

hqÞP-qºÛ-¾ÞG-GŸÝG-Çeïü h‚ÛzÅ-ºi-zºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-zbGÅ-qºÛ-hqÞP-±ÛGÅ-

Medicine Ç¨mü107

©ïm-zÞ-Ç¨äG-qôü

M-h¼-xÛ-¤ü

Íô¾-Dïzü Íô¾-ÇKôºÛ-Dïzü

Åïm-BÛü Åïm-Áü

¤ÛG-ºƒÅü ¤ÛG-¼Û¾ü

GhôP-GÛ-Vß-¯ü

deltoidpectorallymph node

dura mater

epiglottis

eponychium

eyeball

facial nerve

mÅ-hqÞP-qºÛ-GhôP-¾-Åô¼-zŸÛ-GŸ¾-zºÛ-GmÅ-ÅÞ-¤VÛÅ-qºÛ-Á-Gmh-¾ÞG-GÛ-¤WâG-¤-hP-ºi-zºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

¾G-q-zAP-zÇ+Ý¤-‚Å-m-EÛ-FôÅ-q-¿e¼-¤Vm-DÞP-hÝ-Zï¼-Zï¼-‚ïh-q-hïºÛ-Ço-mÅ-Hïm-hÝ-Åôï¼-¿S-zT¾-zºÛ-Å¼-GmÅ-qºÛ-hqÞP-qºÛ-©ïm-zÞºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

k>Àh-BÛ-¼Û¤-q-GÅÞ¤-»ôh-q-¾Å-xÛ-PôÅ-bï-Æ-zºÛ-n¤-q-hï-»Û-¤ÛP.ü

¸Å-Ç+ô¤-ÅôGÅ-¤Ûh-Ç+zÅ-JÀô-»ÞºÛ-D-ºGïzÅ-q¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-¿Uï-»Û-wÞGÅ-ÅÞ-VGÅ-qºÛ-yâ¤-¼ÞÅ-¿Ëïz-¿Ëïz-h-ï»Û-¤ÛP.ü

cuticle ¾-¿eôÅü

ÇK¾¿km-ÆôG-VGÅ- Û̂-¤ÛG-ºzô¼-mP-hÝ-GmÅ-ÁÛP-ü ¤ÛG-ÁïÅ- Û̂-dïm-GŸÛ¼-Hã¼-qºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-¹â¤-¼Û¾-ºƒÅ-zÞ-¿e¼-VGÅ-qºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

Vß-¯-V-zTß-GZÛÅ-¾Å-zhÝm-q-Çeïü >Àh-GŸÛºÛ->Àh-¸¤-hP-Xï-ŸzÅ-GZÛÅ- Û̂-z¼-mÅ-fôm-q-hP-ü GhôP-GÛ-Á-IÛ¤-DG-hP-¿Uï-¯ï(¿UïºÛ-ÅÞ¤-V-GZÛÅ)ÅôGÅ-¾-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-ºGÝ¾-±ô¼-HÛ-Vß-¯-GZÛÅü

Medicine 108 Ç¨müfemoral lymphnode

femur head

gastric ulcer

gastritis

glabella

glossopharyngealnerve

gunshot wound

haemorrhage

©ïm-zÞÞ-£æ¾-¤Gôü

Íô-fô-¼Û¾-zÞü Åï-z-¼ÞÅü

wô-zºÛ-©ü wô-Ç¨äG

wô-zºÛ-GZm-±hü

ÇÛ̈m-hƒG

Iï-¿UïºÛ-hzP-¯ü

wÞG-qºÛ-©ü ¸ÞG-QâºÛ-©ü

FG-Áô¼-zü ¯-D-Áô¼-zü

qÞÅ-¤ôºÛ-xÛ-¸Þ¼-HÛ-±ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-¤±¤Å-mÅ-»¼-z½ÀºÛ-xÛ-¸Þ¼-hÝ-¤fô-GP-hP-Åô¼-GÅÞ¤-GŸ¾-¤±¤Å-ÅÞ-GmÅ-qºÛ-©ïm-zÞºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

z½À-@P-GÛ-»¼-Çoï-hrÛºÛ-ºDô¼-¤ÛG-hP-ºyh-qºÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-Åï-zºÛ-ºƒÅ-zÞ-¿e¼-¼Û¾-qô¼-»ôh-q-hïºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

wô-zºÛ- Û̄-qGÅ-¾-©-‚ãP-zºÛ-mh-TÛG

wô-zºÛ- Û̄-qGÅ-¾-GZm-±h-MÅ-mÅ-Ÿï-¤ï¼-¾PÅ-q-hP.ü »Ûh-G-ºVßÅ-qüô̧Å-XïÅ-wô-z-Ç~ôÅ-ÁÛP-m- Þ̧G-¾P-q-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-mh-dGÅ-»ôh-qºÛ-wô-mh-TÛG

ÇÛ̈m-¤-G»Å-G»ôm-GZÛÅ-z¼-HÛ-V-ÁÅ- Û̂-¤ÛP.ü

K>Àh-qºÛ-Vß-¯-V-zTß-GZÛÅ-¾Å-hGÝ-q-Çeïü¿Uï-¯-hP-Iï-z¼-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-¿Uï-IïºÛ-Vß-¯-GZÛÅ- Û̂-¤ÛP.ü

¤ï-¤hº-º¤-¤±ôm-HÛ- ï̄-¤ôÅ-fh-;¼-Ç+¼-DÞP-¿e¼-wÞG-qºÛ-©-¾- ï̧¼ü

©Å-Bôm-¼ÛGÅ-ˆÛÅ-ºw¼-¯-Vh-hï-FG-º²GÅ-qü

Medicine Ç¨mü109

heart failure

heartburn

heat stroke

hemiplegia

hydronephrosis

hyoid bone

hyperthyrodism

Ç‰ÛP-GÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-Z¤Å-qü

ƒP-±ü

±-ºzôG

GŸôGÅ-zÁ¾ü GŸôGÅ-ºxïÅü

¤D¾-¤-Vß-Áô¼-qü

¿Uïï-¯ºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qü

¿~-©ïm-‚ïh-¾Å-¿ËG-qü

hôm-¿SºÛ-»-H¾-Ç‰ÛP-GÛÅ-¾ÞÅ-qô-º±ô-dïm-Vïh-hGôÅ-¤DôºÛ-¸ÞPÅ-FG-±ß¾-zŸÛm-ºDô¼-GbôP-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

wô-z-hP-¤Ûh-q-ºƒï¾-¤±¤Å-ÅÞ-wô-zºÛ-Vß-Bå¼-¾PÅ-qÅ-ƒP-DôG-¾-±-Á¼-MG-qü

ZÛ-¤-¾-ÅôGÅ-q-±-zºÛ-iôh-zÇeïm-iGÅ-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-im-¤ïh-zM¾-zü

½ÀâP-mh-¾ÞÅ- Û̂-GŸôGÅ-xïh-¾-ŸÝGÅ-mÅ-hï-xôGÅ- Û̂-¯-hP-MãÅ-q-Ç+¤-q¼-‚Å-bïü m-¸ÞG-hP-±ô¼-z-¤ïh-q¼-G»ô-ºGÝ¾-HÛ-‚-z-Z¤Å-bï-¾Å-GP-¾ºP-¢ô¼-¤Û-mÝÅ-q-Ÿ-zºÛ-mh-TÛG Ç¨m-GŸÝP-hÝü GŸôGÅ-xïh-Ç+¤-q-±ô¼-¤ïh-‚-z-Z¤Åü

GTÛm-ºiïm-Ç~ä-GÝ-ºGGÅ-qÅ-GTÛm-±ß¾-zŸÛm-Mã-¤Û-fÞz-q¼-¤D¾-¤¼-Vß-zÅGÅ-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

¿Uï-»Û-¯-z¼-GmÅ-ÁÛP-¿UïºÛ-Á-IÛ¤-¾-¼¤-ºhïGÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-©ÛG-¿UGÅ-hP-ºi-zºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

Iï-©ïm-HÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-ºwï¾-zº¤-MÅ-iGÅ-q-¾Å-zBïh-qºÛ-mh-¼ÛGÅ-ÁÛG

Medicine 110 Ç¨mühypoglossal

hypothyroidism

incisor tooth

infertility

inguinal lymphnode

interstitial fluid

intravenousinjection

jugular notch

kidney failure

1ü ¿Uï-ºôG-GÛ-Vß-¯ü2ü ¿UïºÛ-ºôG-GÛü

¶-©ïm-‚ïh-¾Å-Ÿm-qü

¤hÝm-Åôü

¼zÅ-Vhü ¤Pº-¤Û-ºDô¼-zºÛ-Bômü

Çoï-DÞh-©ïm-zÞü Çoï-ÅºÛ-©ïm-zÞü

wÞP-GÁï¼ü

¯-Dzü

Ç+ï-ÇeôP-®¼-DÞP.ü

¤D¾-¤ºÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-Z¤Å-qü

1ü ‚-hP-ü ¿eô-ºIôü mÝ-GÅôºÛ-ÆôG-VGÅ-ˆÛ-¿UïºÛ-ºôG-bà-»ôh-qºÛ-hzP-¯-ŸÛG2ü ¿UïºÛ-ºôG-bà-»ôh-qºÛü

Iï-©ïm-‚ïh-¾Å-Ÿm-qº¤-ZÝP-iGÅ-q-¾Å-zBïh-qºÛ-mh-¼ÛGÅ-ÁÛG

»-¤G¾-hP-¤-¤G¾-GZÛÅ- Û̂-¤hÝm-hÝ-BïÅ-ÁÛP-ü ̧ -¤-ÅôGÅ-ºVº-z-hP-üGTôh-qü Gb¤-¬-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-¤hÝm-ÅôºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

yâ-GÝ-ºDô¼-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛm-m¤-Bômü

Çoïï-Å-DÞh-hï-¿eô-z-hP-z½ÀºÛ-z¼-hÝ-»ôh-qºÛ-©ïm-zÞºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

¾ÞÅ- Û̂-y-wÞP-z¼-m-GmÅ-qºÛ-Vß-GÁï¼-HÛ-¤ÛP.ü

Çkôh-¯¼-Ç¨m-Dz-MG-qºÛ-hômü

-suprasternal notch ¾-¿eôÅü

renal failure ¾-¿eôÅü

Medicine Ç¨mü111

kyphosis

leucorrhea

leukemia

linea nigra

lipemia

lipoma

lordosis

h-Lm-mP-GÝG

GÅÞ-zï¾ü

FG-ºƒÅü

£æ¤-fÛG

FG-ŸG-ºwï¾-zü

±Û¾-Cmü

h-Lm-xÛ¼-hHïü

½ÀâP-mh-¼ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-h‚ï-z-ZÛ-ÁÝºÛ-»-H¾-ŸÛG-Çeïü ½ÀâP-mh-ÇK¾-±ÛGÅ-¾-ŸÝGÅ-mÅ-¾ÞÅ-qô-GŸÝ-¿e¼-mP-hÝ-GÝG-q¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

zÞh-¤ïh- Û̂-D¤Å-h;¼-qôºÛ-Ç‰ÛGÅ-¤-GÅP-¾¤-mÅ-hÝÅ-¤Ûm-hÝ-º²GÅ-qºÛ-º‚¼-zG-Tm-HÛ-GÁï¼-DÞ-h;¼-qôºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

FG-wÞP-h;¼-qô-¤-¼ÞP-z¼-ºwï¾-iGÅ-q-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-FG-GÛ-ºƒÅ-mh-TÛG

zÞh-¤ïh-¾-¤P¾-£æ¤-qºÛ-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-¿eô-z¼-GŸÝP-fÛG-mG-qô-ŸÛG-‚ãP-z-hï-»Û-¤ÛP.ü

FG-mP-ŸG-GÛ-n¤-q-ºwï¾-zºÛ-mh-TÛG

¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-±Û¾-ºwï¾-mÅ-Cm-hÝ-ºiÛ¾-zºÛ-mh-TÛG

½ÀâP-mh-¼ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-h‚ï-z-ZÛ-ÁÝºÛ-»-H¾-ŸÛG-Çeïü ½ÀâP-mh-MãPÅ-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÅÞ-G®ô-zô¼-ŸÝGÅ-mÅ-ƒP-GÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-ºzÞ¼-ŸÛP-ü ¿eG-qºÛ-ŸzÅ-ˆÛ-GZº-zºÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-fÞP-fÞP-qô¼-Hã¼-mÅ-¿eG-q-hHï-z¼-Hã¼-q-ŸÛG-Gôü Ç¨m-GŸÝP-hÝü h-Lm-xÛ¼-hHï-ƒP-ºzÞ¼-GZº-z-fÞP.ü

Medicine 112 Ç¨mü

lymph

lymph node

lymphadenitis

lymphadenopathy

lymphedema

lymphoma

ŸïÅ-GÅÞPÅ-Åôü

©ïm-Ç~äG-mP-hÝ-Mã-zºÛ-¤hôG-¤ïh-hÐPÅ-GÅ¾-HÛ-GÁï¼-DÞ-ŸÛG-Çeïü hïºÛ-mP-y-wÞP-hG(FG-wÞP-h;¼-qô-hPü hÐPÅ-¤ü FG-wÞP-h¤¼-qôºÛ-V-ÁÅ-)»ôh-TÛP-ü hïÅ-m-±-hP-GZm-D¼-GhôP-¾ïm-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ôhü

h‚ÛzÅ-ºi-zºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-zbGÅ-qºÛ-¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-Ç+ï-¤WÛP-hP-ü ¤Vm-ºôG Çoï-Åü¤ÛG- Þ̧¼-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-»Þ¾-hÝ-GmÅ-qºÛ-Vß-GÁï¼-HÛ-¾Å-‚ïh-¤Dm-±Û¾-HÛ-¼ÛGÅ-¤hôG-ÇSô-mG-Tm-HÛ-¤ÛP.ü hï-mÛ-©ïm-zÞºÛ-GÁï¼-DÞ-hP-FG-wÞP-h;¼-qôºÛ-º‚ãP-DÞPÅ-»Ûmü

©ïm-zÞ¼-GZm-D-MÅ-qºÛ-mhü

©ïm-zÞ-n¤Å-Mãm-¿km-¤-»Ûm-q¼-»Þm-¼ÛP-CPÅ-ÁÛP-Vï¼-MÅ-qºÛ-hômü

©ïm-zÞºÛ-¤-¾G-¾-Bôm-»ôh-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-¾ÞÅ- Û̂-GmÅ-PïÅ-Tm-¾-Vß-zÅGÅ-q-hP-wÞP-Iâz-CPÅ-qºÛ-mh-TÛG hï-¾-©ïm-Ç~äG-ºGGÅ-qºP- ï̧¼ü

©ïm-zÞºÛ-wÞP-Iâz-n¤Å-¤-¼ÞP-z¼-ºwï¾-

©ïm-GÁï¼ü

©ïm-zÞü

©ïm-zÞºÛ-GZm-±hü

©ïm-zÞ-CPÅ-qü

©ïm-zÁï¼-ºGG-qü

©ïm-ºƒÅü ©ïm-zÞºÛ-ºƒÅü

Medicine Ç¨mü113

mÅ-Cm-hÝ-ºiÛ¾-zºÛ-Pô-zô-CPÅ-q-Æ-ŸÛP-ºiÛ¾-z-GbÛP-¾- Þ̧G-»ôh-TÛP-ºwï¾-ºƒÛ-VßP-zºÛ-ºƒÅ-mh-TÛG

hÐPÅ-¤-¤-ŸÝ-zºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-¾ÞÅ- Þ̧PÅ-hôm-Çoôh- Û̂-GmÅ-PïÅ-¤ïh-hÝ-GôP-zÞ¼-ºiÛ¾-mÅü ¾ÞÅ- Þ̧PÅ- Û̂-hÐPÅ-¤ºÛ-zTßh-μÅ-n¤Å-ºWÛz-ºfïm-‚ïh-q-hP-h-hÝP-FG-¯-hP-©ïm-zÞ-zMãh-mÅ-GmÅ-GŸm-hÝ-¤Vïh-ºIô-zºÛ-mh-Pm-ŸÛG

VïÅ-¤fô-¼Û¤-HÛ-ÇK¾-¿km-FG-iôm-ÆôG-VGÅ- Û̂-¼ÛGÅ-bï-¤ºÛ-ºô-¤-¾-zdïm-mÅ-º±ô-z¼-‚ïh-q-hP.ü ¾ÞÅ-¾-z-ÇtäÅ-Ez-qü VïÅ-h¤º-¼Û¤-HÛ-ÆôG-VGÅ-DG-TÛG-ÇKô-P-¾Å-BïÅ-q-¤-GbôGÅ-GŸm-f¤Å-Th-¤P¾-¾Å-BïÅ-qºôü

mÝ-¤¼-GZm-±h-MÅ-mÅ-CPÅ-ÁÛP-¸ÞG-G¸ï¼-Vï-zºÛ-mh-TÛG

‚ÛÅ-q-¾-¤P-Vï-z-»ôP-zºÛ-GZm-¼Û¤Å-±zÅ-Vïm-bïü G¸ÞGÅ-qô-»ôPÅ-¾-fô¼-q-h¤¼-qô-ÅÛz-ÅÛz-hôm-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

>Àh-q-hP-MãPÅ-q-GZÛÅ-¾-xÛ-mÅ-Gbà¤-‚ïh- Û̂-qGÅ-q-¼Û¤-q-GÅÞ¤-»ôh-q-hï-¾-¸ï¼ü

ºƒÅ-CPÅü

ºô-ºfÞP-ÆôG-VGÅü mÝ-GÅô-ÆôG-VGÅü

mÝ-¤ºÛ-GZm-±hü

Åï-zÞü ÅÛz-zÛ-¯ï-Gïü

>Àh-qºÛ-M-h¼ü

malignanttumor

mammal

mastitis

measles

meninges

Medicine 114 Ç¨müglabella ¾-¿eôÅü

zÞ-Çoôh-¾-GZm-±h-MÅ-qü

>Àh-qºÛ-z¼-HÛ-V-ÁÅ-hï-¾- ï̧¼ü

¤Û-ÅôGÅ-ºô-ºfÞP-ÆôG-VGÅ-n¤Å-¾-‚ÛÅ-qºÛ-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-Åô-ÇS-xÛ-GZÛÅ-Bï-ŸÛP.üÇS-¤-¾-mÝ-Åô-ŸïÅ- ï̧¼-z-hP.ü xÛ-¤-¾-¸-‚ïh-h¤-zdm-Åô-ŸïÅ- ï̧¼-zÅ-ÇS-¤ºÛ-¤ÛP-Pô.ü

D-Ç~äG-mP-GÛ-Mz-ºI¤-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-BïÅ-qºÛ-Åô-@P-TßP-¼GÅ-qºÛ-¸Å-ÅôGÅ-¿kh-‚ïh-hïü ¤Û-¾-hï-ºi-ºI¤-Åô-ÇeïP-ºôG-iâG-¼ï-zTß-GZÛÅ-»ôhü

zÞh-¤ïh-¾-¤P¾-ºDô¼-mÅ-¤P¾-GmÅ-¾-¤±m-¤-hôh-qºÛ-fôG-¤ºÛ-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-Ÿï-¤ï¼-¾PÅ-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

ºi-zºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-zbGÅ-qºÛ-GZm-¼Û¤Å-zTô-zMh-ˆÛ-»-H¾-ŸÛG-ÇeïüPô-zô-GZm-¼Û¤Å-n-zºÛ-¯-hP-hïºÛ-Zï-ºDô¼-hÝ-ŸÝGÅ-ÁÛP-n-zºÛ-fh-ˆÛ-¯-n¤Å-wÞÅ-ºhïzÅ-q-¿e¼-CPÅ-q-hP-GZm-±h-MÅ-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

ÇÛ̈m-hƒG

¤P¾-BÛºÛ-GZm-±hü

z¼->Àhü

ÅïºÞü mÝ-Åôü ºô-Åôü

ºI¤-Åôü

ºFÛ-mhü £æ¤-dGÅü

n-¯-wÞÅ-ºhïzÅü

mesophyron

metritis

mid brain

milk teeth/dediduousteeth/babyteeth/fall teeth

moral tooth

morningsickness

mumps

Medicine Ç¨mü115

Ç‰ÛP-GÛ-FG-¯-ºGGÅ-mÅ-Ç‰ÛP-GÛ-Á-IÛ¤Å-DG-GTÛG-¾-¸ÞPÅ-FG-ZÝP-iGÅ-qÅ-Ç‰ÛP-GÛ-y-wÞP-hG-Z¤Å-q¼-Hã¼-qºÛ-mhü

f¾-lÝ¾-¾¤-Ç~G-z®ôG-GÛ-¼ÛGÅ-¾-Ÿï-ÇoP-Bï-zºÛ-Åï¤Å-D¤Å- Û̂-m-±-ŸÛG

ÇoºÛ-mP-hÝ-Ç¨m-„ÀâGÅ-mÅ-Ço-hP-¤±ß¾-q-ºGGÅ-q-ÅôGÅ-m¤-±ôP-»m-HÛ-mh-zÅ¾-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-¢ôP-‚ïh- Û̂-¤ÛP.ü

ÇoºÛ-mP-hÝ-Á-lôG-BïÅ-mÅ-CPÅ-bï-Ço-zÞG-ºGGÅ-qºÛ-mh-¼ÛGÅ-ÁÛG

morning sickness ¾-¿eôÅü

GZm-D-MG-qº¤-FG-GÛ-ºDô¼-MãG-Ÿm-qÅ-¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-y-wÞP-n¤Å-ÁÛ-z¼-Hã¼-qºÛ-hômü

¤D¾-¤¼-GZm-±h-MÅ-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

hÐPÅ-¤-¤-ŸÝ-zºÛ-Ç‰ÛGÅ-¤-hï-ZÛh-¤D¾-¤ºÛ-GmÅ-ÅÞ-iÛ-VßºÛ-iôh-ˆÛÅ-z®ôÅ-bï-lïºÞ¼-Hã¼-qºÛ-hômü

Ç‰ÛP-FG-Mã-z-¤Û-Ç‰ô¤Å-qü

z®ôG-ºWÛGÅü

Ço-¢ôPü Ço-zÁ¾ü

Á-¾Þü ÇoºÛ-Á-¿ËG

ºFÛ-mhü £æ¤-dGÅü

wÞP-ºiâ¾ü

¤D¾-±hü ¤D¾-¤ºÛ-GZm-±hü

¤D¾-lôü wÞG-lïü

myocardialinfarction

mysophobia

nasal cleansing

nasal polyposis

nausiagravidarum

necrosis

nephritis

nephrolithiasis

Medicine 116 Ç¨mü±ô¼-‚ïh-hzP-qô-n¤Å-ˆÛ-ºGÝ¾-zBôh-¾-Ç‰ô¤-OÛG-hP-ü xÛ-¼ô¾-»Þ¾-¾-ºyôh-q¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-¤Û-hP-ÆôG-VGÅ-hG-GÛ-¾ÞÅ-m-hzP-¯ºÛ-y-wÞP-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛ-¤-¾G-¤VÛÅ-Åô-TôG-GÛ-¤ÛP.ü

hzP-¯ºÛ-ºGÝ¾-Bôh-mÝÅ-q-hô-¤-Ç‰ô¤-q-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-mh-TÛG-Çeïü fP-Vh-TÛP-ü¸ÞPÅ-Ÿm-qü zXïh-PÅ-Vï-zü ¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-GmÅ-PïÅ-¤ïh-hÝ-m-¸ÞG-»ôh-qü ¤Gô-m-ŸÛP-¤Gô-»Þ-ºDô¼-z-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-mh-dGÅ-¤Pôm-q-ŸÛG-Gôü

hzP-¯ºÛ-DôPÅ-ÅÞ->Àh-¯-hP-ü ÇK¾-GŸÝP-ü hôm-Çoôh-ÅôGÅ-¾-Ez-qºÛ-¯-h;¼-n¤Å-¾-mh-wôG-qº¤-mÝÅ-q-¾-GïGÅ-fïzÅ-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

hzP-¯ºÛ-¤-¾G-GÛ-±m-¼ÛG

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-HÛÅ-¾ô-m-Lm-q¼-Hã¼-zºÛ-¤±m-¤ô¼-GTÛm-»P-Åï-»P-Åï-GbôP-hGôÅ-qü

¾ÞÅ-±ô-VïÅ-qºÛ-mh-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü

>Àh-qºÛ-Vß-¯-V-zTß-GZÛÅ-¾Å-GÅÞ¤-q-Çeïü ¤ÛG-ºGÝ¾-z-hP.M¾-¤ôºÛ-z®Û¼-Gmôm-hï-zŸÛm-¤ÛG-¿UÛzÅ-D-º‚ïh-q-

nervous system

neurasthenia

neuropathy

neuroscience

nocturia

obesity

oculomotornerve

hzP-¯ºÛ-¤-¾G

½ÀâP-¸hü

¯-h;¼-HÛ-mhü hzP-¯ºÛ-mhü

hzP-¯ºÛ-±m-¼ÛG

¤±m-GTÛmü

±ô-VïÅü ±ô-mhü

¤ÛG-ºGÝ¾-hzP-¯ü

Medicine Ç¨mü117

ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ôh-qºÛ-¤ÛG-¼Û¾-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-¤ÛG-ºGÝ¾-Vß-¯-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü

k>Àh-qºÛ-Vß-¯-V-zTß-GZÛÅ-¾Å-hP-qôºÛ-¤ÛP-Çeïü Ço-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-iÛ-¤-Çoô¤-‚ïh-ˆÛ-Vß-¯-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü

>Àh-qºÛ-Vß-¯-GZÛÅ-q-Çeïü ¤ÛG-GÛ-iÔ-BÛ-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-¤fôP-‚ïh-Vß-¯-GZÛÅ- Û̂-¤ÛP.ü

½ÀÛG-ºƒÅ-¾-GZm-±h-MÅ-mÅ-Vï¼-CPÅ-q-hP-m- Þ̧G-MG-qºÛ-mhü

zÞ-¤ïh- Û̂-zÅ¤-ÅïºÞ-mP-hÝ-‚ãP-zºÛ-Vß-ºzÞ¼-HÛ-Cmü

Ç‰ÛP-iG-bà-ºw¼-zº¤-Ç‰ÛP-GÛ-ºw¼-±ß¾-Mãm-¿km-¾Å-ºhÅ-qü

G»¾-ÇeôP-zMz-q-hP-‚-ªP-Çeï-AôP-Áh-‚ïh-qºÛ-hômü »P-m-G»¾-mÛ-G»¾-ÇeôP-MG-qºÛ-hôm-hP-ü ªP-mÛ-‚-ªP-Çeï-AôP-Áh-‚ïh-q-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-±ÛG-¸Þ¼-zÇkÝÅ-qºôü

ƒP-GÛ-PôÅ-ÅÞ-mÝ-Á-G»Å-G»ôm-GZÛÅ-Û̂-¤ÛP.ü

olfactory nerve

optic nerve

orchitis

ovarian cyst

palpitation

pandiculation

pectoralismuscle

Çoô¤-‚ïh-hzP-¯ü

¤fôP-‚ïh-hzP-¯ü

½ÀÛG-ºƒÅ-GZm-±hü

zÅ¤-ÅïºÛ-Vß-Cmü

Ç‰ÛP-G»ÞG Ç‰ÛP-zlÝPÅü

G»¾-ªP.ü JÀ¾-ªP.ü

ƒP-GÛ-mÝ-Á

Medicine 118 Ç¨müwô-¤±m-HÛ-MãÅ-qºÛ-Gz-¤ÛP-Çeïü hïÅ-Z¾-qô-‚ïh-qºÛ-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-wô-¤±m-OïPÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-‚ïh-qºôü

Åô¼-¤ôÅ-¾ÞÅ-ÇeïP-hÝ-Áïh-Vï-VßP-Ç‰ô¤Å-q¼-lïG-Çeï-m-±-zdG-fzÅ-ÁÛG

Ç‰ÛP-mh-h‚ï-z-zhÝm-HÛ-»-H¾-ŸÛG-ÇeïüPô-zô-Ç‰ÛP-¾-Vß-Åï¼-ºzz-TÛP-GÅôG-qÅ-Ç‰ÛP-ZÛh-Vï¼-MÅ-q-ŸÛG-»Ûmü

Ç‰ÛP-ÁÝm-¾-GZm-±h-MÅ-qºÛ-mhü

Ç‰ÛP-GÛ-xÛ-¼Þ-G»ôGÅ-qºÛ-½Àm-GÁï¼-º‚¼-zG-Tm-HÛ-ÁÝm-BÛ-Æz-¤ô-¼Û¤-q-GZÛÅ-Tm-hï-»Û-¤ÛP.ü

Iôh-ÁºÛ-mP-¿kïzÅ-ÅÞ-±ß¼-º‚¼-zºÛ-BÛ-¿tGÅ-hP-ü wô-¾ôP-Mã-¤-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-ÇKP-¿kïzÅ-ÅÞ-w¼-G»ôGÅ-qºÛ-BÛ-¿tGÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü

Iôh-BÛ-¾-GZm-±h-MÅ-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

¤ÛÛ-¾-‚ÛÅ-q-mÅ-h¼-¤ºÛ-z¼-ÇS-XïÅ-ÅÞ-Åô-fïPÅ-GZÛÅ-Bï-Mã-»ôh-q-¾Åü ¾ô-m-iâG-mÅ-zMh-¾-Åôm-±ï-mÝ-Åô-n¤Å-zÞh-mÅ-ÁÝ¾-hÝ-¬-‚ïh-ˆÛ-¤hÝm-Åô-zMh-hP.ü ¤²ïÅ-‚ïh-ˆÛ-¤Vï-z-zŸÛü ¥G-

penilesuspensoryligament

percussion

pericardialeffusion

pericarditis

pericardium

peritoneum

peritonitis

permanentteeth

MãP-qü

zï¤-bô¾ü

Ç‰ÛP-Vßü

Ç‰ÛP-BÛºÛ-GZm-±hü

Ç‰ÛP-BÛÛü Ç‰ÛP-¿tGÅü

Iôh-BÛü

Iôh-BÛºÛ-GZm-±hü

zdm-Åôü

Medicine Ç¨mü119

‚ïh-ˆÛ-ºI¤-Åô-zTß-iâG ¤fºÛ-Åô-VßP-zŸÛ-zTÅ-zÇkô¤Å-zdm-Åô-IPÅ-ÅÞ¤-Tß-Åô-GZÛÅ-»ôhü

¿ËG-bà-@P-P¼-¾-‚ãP-zºÛ-Çkôh-¯¼-GZm-±h-MÅ-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

>Àh-BÛ-¼Û¤-q-GÅÞ¤-»ôh-q-¾Å-mP-PôÅ-ÅÞ-VGÅ-qºÛ->Àh-BÛ-hï-»Û-¤ÛP.ü »P-m->Àh-q-¾-qGÅ-q-¼Û¤-q-GÅÞ¤-zÇem-q-¾Å-Ÿô-hP-ºô-¤ºÛ-D-¾-vÛÅ-¤Å-G»ôGÅ-q-¿e¼- Û̂->Àh-q-Gbà¤-‚ïh- Û̂-qGÅ-q-¼Û¤-q-hP-qôºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

pituitary gland ¾-¿eôÅü

>Àh-GŸÝP-GÛ-¤Å-ŸzÅ-ÅÞ-mÝ-¤-zŸÛm-ºxPÅ-mÅ-GmÅ-qºÛ-¸GÅ-fôm-¤-¾G-GÛ-©ïm-zÞ-G®ô-zô-hï-¾-¸ï¼ü

ƒP-DôG-GÛ-mP-¿kïzÅ-hP-JÀô-zºÛ-¤fº-ºDô¼-hÝ-»ôh-qºÛ-½Àm-GÁï¼-º‚¼-zG-Tm-HÛ-BÛ-¿tGÅ-¼Û¤-q-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü

ƒP-DôG-GÛ-mP-¿kïzÅ-ÅÞ-±ß¼-º‚¼-zºÛ-BÛ-¿tGÅ-¼Û¤-q-hP-ü JÀô-zºÛ-¿kïzÅ-PôÅ-ÅÞ-w¼-º‚¼-zºÛ-BÛ-¿tGÅ-¼Û¤-q-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-z¼-¤±¤Å-º‚¼-zG-Tm-HÛ-Vß-GÁï¼-¸GÅ-hôm-‚ïh-qºÛ-GmÅ-hï-¾-

phlebitis

pia mater

pituitary body

pituitary gland

pleura

pleural cavity

Çkôh-¯ºÛ-GZm-±hü

>Àh-qºÛ-mP-BÛü M-h¼-mP-¤fºü

>Àh-mÝü ©ïm-zÞºÛ-Xï-qôü

>Àh-mÝü ©ïm-zÞºÛ-Xï-qôü

ƒP-BÛü

ƒP-BÛºÛ-GÅP.ü

Medicine 120 Ç¨müGôü

ƒP-GÛ-BÛ-DôG-mP-Vß-GÁï¼-¤P-hÝ-ºwï¾-mÅ-ƒP-DôG-mP-Vß-zÅGÅ-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

mh-ÆÛm-y-¤ôºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-JÀô-z¼-GZm-±h-wôG-mÅ-±-z-MÅ-q-hP-ü ƒP-zÇk¤-qü hzÞGÅ-º‚Ûm-h;º-z-ÅôGÅ-Û̂-mh-dGÅ-»ôh-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

poliomyelitis ¾-¿eôÅü

‚ÛÅ-qºÛ-¯-IÛz-ˆP- ï̧¼-zºÛ-GZm-ÆÛm->Àh-q-hP-MãPÅ-q¼-ŸÝGÅ-mÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-qô-xïh-h¤-‚ÛPÅ-Ÿ-¼ïPÅ-VGÅ-qºÛ-GZm-¼Û¤Å- Û̂-mh-TÛG

BïÅ-qºÛ-D¤Å-h;¼-qô-ºwï¾-VïÅ-qü

qÞÅ-¤ôºÛ-Mz-xôGÅ-;ôP-ˆôP-GÛ-n¤-q¼-GmÅ-qºÛ-NÛh-DÞP-P¤-‚Ûm-DÞG-ˆP-¸ï¼-z-hïºÛ-¤ÛP-ü

ÇKz-DÞP-GÛ-±Û¾-GÅïz-bà-GmÅ-qºÛ-V-±h-VßP-ŸÛP-IPÅ-iâG-G¤-zhÝm-»ôh-qºÛ-©ïm-zÞºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

NÛh-DÞG-mÅ-fÞ¼-hÝ-Åô¼-zŸÛ-ºW¾-zºÛ-

pleuraleffussion

pneumonia

polio

poliomyelitis

polyspermia

popliteal fossa

popliteal lymphnode

popliteal vein

IP-BÛºÛ-h¤Þ-Vßü ƒP-Vßü

JÀô-±hü JÀô-zºÛ-GZm-±hü

‚ÛÅ-qºÛ-¯-IÛzü

‚ÛÅ-qºÛ-¯-IÛzü

DÞ-ºwï¾ü

NÛh-DÞG

NÛh-DÞG-©ïm-zÞü

ÇKz-¯-mG-qôü

Medicine Ç¨mü121

¤±¤Å-ÅÞ-GmÅ-qºÛ-Gb¼-¯-ŸÛG-Çeïühï-Gb¼-m-¤VÛm-q-Vï¼-MÅ-q-hP-üÇK¾-GŸÝP-¼ïPÅ-mÅ-¿eG-hHï-VGÅ-qü hrÛ-@ïh-G¸ï¼-zü ¤P¾-FG-º‚¤Å-q-zTÅ-¾-wmü

morning sickness ¾-¿eôÅü

JÀô-z¼-Vß-zÅGÅ-qºÛ-mhü

heartburn ¾-¿eôÅü

EÛ-«ôm-HÛÅ-hPôÅ-ÅÞ-Åô-zbz-qº¤-hïºÛ-D-½ÀPÅ-wôG-qºÛ-hÝh-ºIô-mÅ-¤Û-¾-ºGôÅ-qºÛ-mh-TÛG-Çeïü ¤Gô-m-z-hP.ü IP-ÁÝ¤-MG-qü ±ÛG-q-¸-züh;¼-VºÛ-ºôh-¤hPÅ-¤Û-ºEôG-qüVß-¤fôP-hÝÅ-hPPÅ-qü EÛ-Ç+h-ºhôm-q-ÅôGÅ-EÛ-uôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

GŸP-h;¼-mG-GÛ-mP-¿kïzÅ-Í-¾ôP-D-mÅ-xÛ¼-¾ÞG-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

¾ÞÅ-qô¼-zlz-ºI¤Å-Áô¼-z-hP.üz½Àm-ÇeïP-hÝ-Z¾-zº¤-ºhÝG-iGÅ-qüVß-»Û-¾Å-¤P-‚Å-q-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-Aïm-

ºFÛ-mhü

JÀô-Vßü JÀô-zºÛ-Vß-¸GÅü

ƒP-±ü

EÛ-hÝG ¤Vï-hÝG

GŸP-¾ÞG

¤D¾-¤ºÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-Z¤Å-qü

pregnancysickness

pulmonaryedema

pyrosis

rabies

rectal prolapse

renal failure

Medicine 122 Ç¨mü¾Å-¤D¾-¤ºÛ-mÝÅ-q-Z¤Å-mÅ-FG-GÛ-hÐPÅ-Ç‰ÛGÅ-±ß¾-zŸÛm-º‚ïh-¤Û-mÝÅ-qºÛ-mhü

Iï-zºÛ-G»Å-G»ôm-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-GmÅ-qºÛ-¤Gô-wm-±ßm-GŸÝ-zºÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-Tm-HÛ-Ç+ïºÛ-Á-Gmh-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü

mh-ºGôG-¤-¾G-GÛ-V-ÁÅ-hP-ü ¤-¤G¾-ºôG-bà-GmÅ-qºÛ-©ïm-zÞºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

¤Å-¤Vß-hP-¤-¾ï-¿Uï- ï̄-zTÅ-mÅ-©ïm-GÁï¼-mP-hÝ-ºiïm-q-hP-ü G®P-Åï¾-‚ïh-XïÅ-Ç+ïºÛ-yh-VGÅ-©ïm-zÞºÛ-mP-xÛ¼-GbôP-‚ïh-qºÛ-¤-¤G¾-hP-¿Uï-¯ºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-z¼-HÛ-Á-IÛ¤-HÛ-xÛ-PôÅ-m-GmÅ-qºÛ-©ïm-zÞºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

OôG-¼ÞÅ- Û̂-GÁôP-hÝ-GmÅ-qºÛ-©ïm-zÞºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

ƒP-¼ÞÅ-ˆÛ-¯ï-hP-OôG-¼ÞÅ-G»Å-G»ôm-GZÛÅ-z¼-HÛ-ÇeôP-VºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-±ÛGÅ-¤±¤Å-z¼-¾-GmÅ-ÁÛP.ü ±ÛGÅ-q-n¤Å-wm-±ßm-º‚ô¼-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-º‚¼-zG-Tm-HÛ-Vß-GÁï¼-

MP-Á-‚ïh-¾Åü

¤-¤G¾-ºôG-GÛ-©ïm-zÞü

¤-¾ï-ºôG-GÛ-©ïm-zÞü

OôG-¼ÞÅ-ÇeïP-GÛ-©ïm-zÞü

Ç+ï-ÇeôP-®-¼-DÞP.ü

zh-;m-º‚ô¼-‚ïhü ¸ÞPÅ-Vßü

sternocleidom-astoid

sub mandibularlymph node

sub mentallymph node

supraclavicularlymph node

suprasternalnotch

synovial fluid

Medicine Ç¨mü123

hï-»Û-¤ÛP.ü

G®ô-zô-©-D-mÅ-DôP-hÝ-ŸÝGÅ-qºÛ-GZm-mh-MãP-q¼-zzÅ-qü z¸ÞP-zÅ-ˆP-¤Û-fÞz-q¼-¿eG-q-hHï-Hï¼-ºIô-züºVÛ-zºÛ-±ï-º²â¤-qºÛ-n¤-ºHã¼-¿e¼-ÇoP-zºÛ-mh-iG-qô-ŸÛG-Gôü

Iï-©ïm-HÛÛÛÛÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-±ß¾-zŸÛm-»ôP-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-zï-ÇozÅ- Û̂-Ç+Ý¾-Mãü

n-zºÛ-mP-½ÀâP-ŸÝGÅ-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-ºÞ¼-ºÞ¼-HÛ-O-IGÅ-qü

¤Gô-Ç+ï-»m-¾G-wÞh-qºÛ-V-ÁÅ-bïü ¤Û-hP-ÆôG-VGÅ- Û̂-hôm-¿S-Çoôh-iâG-GmÅ-ÅºÛ-‚P-DôG-GÛÛ-¤ÛP.ü

hqÞP-qºÛ-f¾-GôP-Çeï-yG-qºÛ-ÇeïP-m-GZº-Á-mG-qô-GZÛÅ- Û̂-¤ÛP.ü

Vß-¯-º¤-hzP-¯-¿S-q-Çeïü @m-HÛ-h Û̂¾-hÝ-»ôh-qºÛ-¿Uï-¤ÛG-Ço-hP-n-z-zTÅ-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-GhôP-q-¾-±ô¼-z-º‚Ûm-q-hP-ü ¸-¤-ÅôGÅ-¿kh-q¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-Vß-¯-GÅÞ¤-¤hô-¼ÛÅ-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü

¤ÛG-ÇeïP-GÛ-Á-IÛ¤-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-Hïm-

º²â¤-zÞ-¿eG-hHïü ½ÀâP-mh-Í-¶d-mü

¿~-©ïm-Ç+Ý¾-Mãü

‘

n-z-ºÞ¼-zü

‚P-DôG

GZº-Á-mG-qôü

hzP-¯-GÅÞ¤-¤hô-¼ÛÅü

¤ÛG-ºGÝ¾-hzP-¯ü

tetanus

thyroidstimulatinghormone

tinnitus

torso

trapeziusmuscle

trigeminal nerve

trochlear nerve

Medicine 124 Ç¨müz¿eºÛ-Vß-¯-GZÛÅü

¤P¾-GmÅ-zÞ-hP-Á-¤-GZÛÅ-ºƒï¾-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-¿eï-zºÛ-fG-q-hï-¾-Gôü

GTÛm-ºiïm-Ç~ä-GÝºÛ-mP-GÛ-lïºÞü

mh-qºÛ-iÛ-Vßº¤-GTÛm-q¼-zdG-hrh-‚ïh-qü

GTÛm-q-z ô̧-GÅôG-fôm-GÅÞ¤-‚ïh-qºÛ-¤D¾-¤-hP-ü Mã-IôG ¿KP-qü Vß-Åô-n¤Å- Û̂Å-Iâz-qºÛ-¤-¾G

¤D¾-¤-hP-Mã-IôG ¿KP-q-Vß-Åô-zTÅ-GTÛm-DÞP-¤-¾G-GÛÛ-GZm-Dü

¤D¾-¤-zMãh-mÅ-GTÛm-¿KP-q¼-GÅôG-TÛP-Vß-Åô-mÅ-fôm-qºÛ-z¼-HÛ-mh-¾-zdG-hrh-Ç¨m-zTôÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-±m-DG

¤P¾-HÛ-mP-¿kïzÅ-ºW¤-ºiïh-Á-IÛ¤-hP-ü ¤P¾-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-wÞP-Iâz-¾-Cm-ºiÛ¾-zºÛ-mh-TÛG

zÞ-Çoôh-±P-¼ºÛ-mP-mÅ-¤±m-¤ºÛ-D¼-º²¼-»ôP-zº¤-¾ÞG-»ôP-zºÛ-mh-ˆÛ-¤ÛP-ü

umbilical cord

ureterolithiasis

urinalysis

urinary system

urinary tractinfection

urologydepartment

uterine fibroids

uterineprolapse

¿eï-fG

¾¤-lïü

Vß-zdG

GTÛm-DÞP-¤-¾G

GTÛm-¾¤-GZm-Dü

GTÛm-¼ÛG-±m-DG

¤P¾-Cm-Éï¤-qôü

zÞ-Çoôh-¾ÞG-qü

Medicine Ç¨mü125

metritis ¾-¿eôÅü

@m-wÞG-hˆÛ¾-mÅ-¿UïºÛ-PôÅ-ÅÞ-h‚ÛzÅ-mÝ-¤-¿e¼-¤¼-ºxP-z-hï-¾-¿Uï-VßP-¸ï¼ü

>Àh-qºÛ-Vß-¯-V-zTß-GZÛÅ-¾Å-zTß-q-Çeïü >Àh-qºÛ-Xï-ŸzÅ-mÅ-Ç+ïºÛ-mP-zMãh-hï-Ç‰ÛP-¾-ÅôGÅ-q-DôP-qºÛ-mP-GÛ-hôm-Çoôh-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-¯-h;¼-G®ô-Vï-z-zTß-GÅÞ¤-HÛ-zÇkÝÅ-¤ÛP.ü

1ü MãPÅ-qºÛ-ÇK¾-DÞP-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ->Àh-Vß-º²Ûm-qºÛ->Àh-ÁG-zŸÛ-¾Å-GP-¼ÞP-TÛG-GÛ-¤ÛP.ü2ü DôG-Vïm-mÅ-FG-±ß¼-¾ïm-hP-FG-¯-¼-w¼-GbôP-‚ïh-qºÛ-Ç‰ÛP-GÛ-DôG-VßP-GP-¼ÞP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¤ÛP.ü

xÛ-»Û-»Þ¾-ÇoP-»ô-ºEô¤-‚ïh-q-ÇeïïüÁïÅ-q-¸-¸Û¼-Hã¼-TÛP-ºIô-zºÛ-±ï-Å-GŸÛ-»ô-ŸÛP-ºEô¤-qºÛ-Z¤Å-ÇoP-‚ãP-z-¾-‚ºôü

Vß-¯-zMh-q-Çeïü mP-n-mÅ-Ç+h-ˆÛ-O-hP-hô-¤Z¤-qºÛ-zl-¾m->Àh-q¼-Aï¾-ºiïm-‚ïh-qºÛ-n-z-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-O-¾ïm-Vß-¯-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü

¤P¾-BÛºÛ-GZmü

¿Uï-VßP.ü

hrPÅ-fG-Vß-¯ü

1ü >Àh-ÁG2ü Ç‰ÛP-GÛ-DôG-VßP.ü Ç‰ÛP-ÁG-VßP-zü

¸Û-ºEô¤ü ¤Gô-ºDô¼ü

O-º²Ûm-hzP-¯ü

uteritis

uvula

vagus nerve

ventricle

vertigo

vestibulocochlearnerve

Medicine 126 Ç¨mü±Ð-hP-‚ï-¤-ÅôGÅ-¤ï¼-zÆôÅ-qºÛ-XïÅ-ÅÞ-mh-h¤ÛGÅ-ÇeïP-hÝ-zhÝG-hGôÅ-qºÛ-hÝGÅ- Û̂-¤ÛPü

»-¤G¾-hP-¤-¤G¾-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-wÞGÅ-ÅÞ-BïÅ-qºÛ-¤fºÛ-Åô-VßP-zŸÛºÛ-¤ÛP.Çeïüzdm-Åô-Åô-GZÛÅ-qô-mÅ-¤fº-¤¼(h¼-¤-¾ô-16 mÅ-21 z¼-hÝ-)BïÅ-qºÛ-Åô-»Ûmü

½ÀâP-mh-¿kP-qºÛ-dGÅ-ÁÛG-Çeïü D-GhPÅ-ÁÛP-Ç+h-O-hP-zTÅ-hzÞGÅ-xÛ¼-º‚Ûm-qºÛ-¾ÞÅ- Û̂-n¤-ºHã¼-ŸÛG

warmcompressiontherapy

wisdom tooth

yawn

iôh-hÝGÅü

¤fº-Åôü Ç~äG-Åôü

G»¾-ÇeôP.ü JÀ¾-zü

Appendix I ¸Þ¼-¢¼-hP-qôü 127

PRINCIPLES FOR EVOLUTION OF TERMINOLOGY APPROVEDBY THE COMMISSION FOR SCIENTIFIC AND

TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY

MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT(Department of Education)

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

1. ‘International terms’ should be adopted in their current English forms, as faras possible, and transliterated in Hindi and other Indian Languages accord-ing to their genius. The following should be taken as examples of interna-tional terms:a) Names of elements and compounds, e.g. Hydrogen, Carbondioxide etc.b) Units of weights, measures and physical quantities e.g. dyne, calorie, am-

pere etc.c) Terms based on proper names e.g. marxism (Karl Marx), braille (Braille),

boycott (Capt. Boycott), guillotine (Dr. Guillotin), gerrymander (Mr.Gerry), ampere (Mr. Ampere), fahrenheit scale (Mr. Fahrenheit), etc.

d) Binomial nomenclature in such sciences as Botany, Zoology, Geology,etc.

e) Constants, e.g.; π, g, etc.f) Words like Radio, Petrol, Radar, Electron, Proton, Neutron, etc., which

have gained practically world-wide usageg) Numerals, symbols, signs and formulae used in mathematics and other

sciences e.g., sin, cos, tan, log etc. (Letters used in mathematical opera-tions should be in Roman or Greek alphabets)

2. The symbols will remain in international form written in Roman script, butabbreviations may be written in Nagari and standardised form, specially forcommon weights and measures, e.g. the symbol ‘cm’ for centimeter will beused as such in Hindi, but the abbreviation in Nagari may be ls.eh. This willapply to books for children and other popular works only, but in standardworks of science and technology, the international symbols only, like cm.,should be used.

3. Letters of Indian scripts may be used in geometrical figures e.g., d, [k, x or

v, c, l but only letters of Roman and Greek alphabets should be used intrignometrical relations e.g., sin A, cos B etc.

4. Conceptual terms should generally be translated.

128 ¸Þ¼-¢¼-hP-qôü Appendix I

5. In the selection of Hindi equivalents simplicity, precision of meaning and easyintelligibility should be born in mind. Obscurantism and purism may be avoided.

6. The aim should be to achieve maximum possible identity in all Indian lan-guages by selecting terms:

a) common to as many of the regional languages as possible, andb) based on Sanskrit roots.

7. Indigenous terms, which have come into vogue in our languages for certaintechnical words of common use, as rkj for telegraph/telegram, egk}hi forcontinent, Mkd for post etc., should be retained.

8. Such loan words from English, Portuguese, French etc., as have gained widecurrency in Indian languages should be retained e.g., ticket, signal, pension,police, bureau, restaurant, deluxe etc.

9. Transliteration of International terms into Devanagari Script: The trans-literation of English terms should not be made so complex as to necessitatethe introduction of new signs and symbols in the present Devanagari char-acters. The Devanagari rendering of English terms should aim at maximumapproximation to the standard English pronunciation with such modifica-tions as prevalent amongst the educated circle in India.

10. Gender: The International terms adopted in Hindi should be used in themasculine gender, unless there are compelling reasons to the contrary.

11. Hybrid formation: Hybrid forms in technical terminologies e.g., xjafVr for‘guaranteed’ Dykfldh for ‘classical’, dksM+dkj for ‘codifier’, etc., are normaland natural linguistic phenomena and such forms may be adopted in practicekeeping in view the requirements for technical terminology, viz., simplicity,utility and precision.

12. Sandhi and Samasa in technical terms: Complex forms of Sandhi may beavoided and in cases of compound words, hyphen may be placed in betweenthe two terms, because this would enable the users to have an easier andquicker grasp of the word structure of new terms. As regards,vkfno`f} in San-skrit-based words, it would be desirable to use vkfno`f} in prevalent Sanskrittatsama words e.g., O;kogfjd, yk{kf.kd etc. but may be avoided in newly coinedwords.

13. Halanta: Newly adopted terms should be correctly rendered with the use of‘hal’ wherever necessary.

14. Use of Pancham Varna: The use of vuqLokj may be preferred in place ofiape o.kZ, but in words like ‘lens’, ‘patent’ etc., the transliteration should beysUl] isVsUV and not ysal]isVsaV or isVs.V.


M-G¼-hzÞÅ-GŸÝP-GÛ-±m-¼ÛG-hP-ºyâ¾-¾Å-̂ Û-zl-Vh-uÛ-Ez-DP-GÛ-±m-¼ÛG-hP-ºyâ¾-¾Å-f-Ç‰h-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-̂ Û-̄ -º²Ûm-DG(zôh-zNå¼-¼GÅ-zÇkÝÅü)

1ü M¾-uÛºÛ-¤ÛP-±ÛG-GP-ºôÅ-q-n¤Å-»ôPÅ-Ez-ÍÛm-±ÛG-¼P-Åô¼-ºWôG-Mã-hP-ÈÛm-hÛº¤-»P-mü M-G¼-HÛ-Ç+h-»ÛG-GŸm-Åô-ÅôºÛ-¼P-GÁÛÅ-¿e¼-HÛ-O-Nå¼-GÁ¤-GÅ¾-¿e¼-‚-Mãü; D¤Å-μÅ-hP-ºhÝÅ-μÅ- Û̂-¤ÛP.ü hqï¼-mü hydrogen, carbon dioxide ¿e-zÞ-hP.üD ±h-ºW¾-zºÛ-¤ÛP-±ÛG dyne, calorie, ampere (km, kg) ÅôGÅüG GP-̧ G-hP-»Þ¾-¾ÞP-ÅôGÅ-̂ Û-hPôÅ-¤ÛP-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-¤ÛP-±ÛG marxism (Karl Marx),

braille (Braille), boycott (Capt. Boycott), guillotine (Dr. Gullotine),

gerry-mander (Mr. Gerry), ampere (Mr. Ampere), fahrenheit scale (Mr.

Fahrenheit), etc.

P ¤ÛP- Þ̧¼-GZÛÅ-zÇkïzÅ-qºÛ-f-Ç‰hü botany, zoology, geology.

T ºHã¼-¤ïh-¤±ôm-dGÅ- π, g, ¿e-zÞüV º²¤-JÀÛP-uÛ-»ôPÅ-¾-Ez-Vï-zºÛ-±ÛG radio, petrol, radar, electron, proton, neutron.

W Û̄Å-hP-±m-¼ÛG-DG-GÛ-IPÅ-hP.ü ¤±ôm-dGÅü dGÅü Vô-G-ÅôGÅ-hqï¼-mü sin,

cos, tan, log ÅôGÅ-hP-(hï-¤±ßPÅ- Û̄Å-¼ÛG-bà-zïh-uôh-qºÛ-»Û-Gï-n¤Å- Roman,

Greek GP-¼ÞP-»Ûm-hGôÅ)2ü ±h-ºW¾-zºÛ-M¾-uÛºÛ-¤±ôm-dGÅü cm ¿e-zÞ-h‚Ûm-»ÛG-bà-ºƒÛ-hGôÅ-ˆP.ü zÇkÝÅ-»ÛG-n¤Å-

Gbm-ºzïzÅ- Û̂Å-m-G-¼Û-»Û-Gï¼- ls.eh. ¿e-zÞ-ºƒÛ-VôG ºôm-ˆP-ºhÛ-hG-‚ÛÅ-q-hP-¤P-±ôGÅ- Û̂-z;ô¾-uôh-Vïh-®¤-¾Å-±m-¼ÛG-hP-ºyâ¾-¼ÛG-ÅôGÅ-̂ Û-±h-¿km-ºƒÛ-̄ ô¤-mP-M¾-uÛºÛ-¤±ôm-dGÅ-bïü cm Dô-m-ºƒÛ-hGôÅü

130 ¸Þ¼-¢¼-hP-qôü Appendix I

3ü fÛG-̄ ÛÅ-̂ Û-z;ôh-q¼-M-G¼-HÛ-»ÛG-¼ÛGÅ-mÅ- d, [k, x º¤- v, c, l ¿e-zÞ-ºƒÛ-VôG-TÛP.ü ̧ Þ¼-GÅÞ¤- Û̄Å-¼ÛG-bà-hqï¼-mü sin A, cos B ¿e-zÞ-¼ô-¤m-»Û-Gï-Dô-m-ºƒÛ-uôh-‚ïh-hGôÅü

4ü ºV¼-ÇoP-GÛ-f-Ç‰h-n¤Å-uÛ¼-zbP-hôm-Nå¼-‚ïh-hGôÅü5ü ÈÛm-hÛ-Ç+h-hôh-Gh¤-Åï¾-Ç+zÅ-ÇezÅ-zhï-zü hôm-¤Û-ºFâ¾-zü Gô-dôGÅ-ÇÀ-z-zTÅ-¾-hô-ÇoP-

hGôÅ-¾ü ½‰ÛP-Ÿïm-¤FïGÅ-z Þ̧P-GÛ-ºhÝ-ÁïÅ-ÇtôP-hGôÅü6ü M-G¼-HÛ-Ç+h-¼ÛGÅ-DG-GÛ-f-Ç‰h-GTÛG-¤fÞm-»ôP-z¼-h¤ÛGÅ-bïü

; M-G¼-HÛ-Ç+h-¼ÛGÅ-GP-¤P-mP-xôGÅ-¤fÞm-hÝ-zïh-uôh-‚ïh-q-hP.üD ¾ïGÅ-¢¼-HÛ-‚ÛPÅ-¾-GŸÛ-zTô¾-GP-fÞz-‚ïh-hGôÅü

7ü uÛ¼-zbP-z;ô¾-Ez-Vï-zºÛ-¼P-Ç+h- Û̂-zl-Vh-hqï¼-mü telegraph/telegram ¾- rkj hP-continent ¾- egk}hi] post ¾- Mkd] ¿e-zÞ-n¤Å-¼P-Åô¼-ºWôG-Mãü

8ü ÍÛm-WÛ-hP.ü qô¼-Tß-GÛ wÛ-¼ïm-TÛ-ÅôGÅ-Ç+h-»ÛG-GŸm-mÅ-G»¼-zº¤-O-¼P-Åô¼-zŸG-qºÛ-±ÛG-z;ô¾-Ez-Vï-z-hqï¼-mü ticket, signal, pension, police, bureau, restau-

rant, deluxe ¿e-zÞ-n¤Å-¼P-Åô¼-ºWôG-Mãü9ü M¾-uÛºÛ-zl-Vh-¼P-Åô¼-zŸG-q-n¤Å-hïz-m-G-¼Û-»Û-Gï¼-O-zNå¼-‚ïh-Ç+zÅü ±h-¿km-HÛ-O-GP-

Zï-hP-M-G¼-HÛ-ÁïÅ-»ôm-Tm-HÛ-¤Û-w¾-¤ô-Vï¼-IGÅ-Vï-z-hP-zÇeàm-bï-ÇezÅ-GP-zhï-‚ïh-q-¾Åü O-dGÅ-GÅ¼-z-¤P-qô-Çoôm-¤Û-hGôÅ-q-‚-Mãü

10ü hGôÅ-G¾-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-Tm-¤-GbôGÅ-M¾-uÛºÛ-zl-Vh-¼P-Åô¼-zŸG-q-n¤Å-wô-±ÛG-Dô-m¼-ºƒÛ-Mãü

11ü xïh-xïh-ºƒï¾-HÛ-f-Ç‰h-hqï¼-mü xjafVr = guaranteed, Dykfldh = classical, dksM+dkj =codifier ÅôGÅ-Ç+h- Û̂-¼P-ºIôÅ-hP-¤fÞm-q-»Ûm-qÅü ÇezÅ-zhï-z-hP.ü zïh-uôh-Vï-zü»ÛG-±ôGÅ-VßP-z-zTÅ-¾-¯-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-zl-Vh- Û̂-hGôÅ-¤Dô-¿e¼-ºWôG-Mãü


12ü zl-Vh-GÅ¼-z ô̧ºÛ-Ç+zÅ-hGôÅ-¤ïh-¤Gô-½‰ôG-Vï-zºÛ-±ÛG-zÇkÝh-hP-zÇkÝÅ-±ÛG-ÅôGÅ-¤Û-hGôÅ-q¼ü¤Z¤-hÝ-Çkïz-MãºÛ-±ÛG-GÛ-V-ÁÅ-ÇS-xÛºÛ-hz¼-£ï¾-dGÅ-(-)z;ôh-m-ÁïÅ-dôGÅ-ÇÀ-z¼-wm-PïÅü

13ü ¼P-Åô¼-zŸG-qºÛ-±ÛG-GÅ¼-q-n¤Å-¾-O-z®m-qºÛ-xÛ¼-ÆôG-¤ïh- Û̂-dGÅ-GP-¾-TÛ-ºôÅ-MG-hGôÅü

14ü XïÅ-ÅÞ-P-¼ô-zïh-uôh-‚-Mã-Gh¤-D-z¸P-»P- lens hP- patent ÅôGÅ-ºƒÛ-Ç+zÅ-ysal]isVsaV] isVs.V ¤Ûm-q¼- ysUl] isVsUV¿e-zÞ-ºƒÛ-hGôÅüü

GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR CREATING TECHNICAL TERMS

1. A term should have only one technical meaning, preferably—precisionof meaning.

2. A concept should have only one term to refer to it. 3. Related concepts should have related/similar terms 4. Similar concepts should have similar terms 5. A term should preferably have similar forms in related (major) languages—

especially Indian languages 6. A term should be flexible to develop further terms out of it 7. Terms have greater derivational potentialities should be preferred 8. Terms should be simple and enphonious—easy to understand and use. 9. A term should be transparent (self explanatory) to the extent possible10. There should be consistency in terms of a given branch of knowledge11. A term should be short ( precise) and incorporate the salient features of

meaning; long compounds should be avoided12. Colloquial and regional language sources may be explored and given due

weight for coining terms13. Classical sources may be exploited for coining terms14. Existing words of the language must be tested15. Before being finally accepted, a term should be tested with the issues16. International terms may be borrowed with necessary modifications to suit

the phonalogical and morphological structure of the language.

132 ¸Þ¼-¢¼-GZÛÅ-qü Appendix II

zôh-zlü

»P-½ÀâP.üÈï-¾Û-»¤ü¾Û-fÛ-»¤üzï-¼Û-¾Û-»¤ü±-¾-mG-qôümG-μÅü ;¼-zômüï̧-½ÀâP-üÆôG-º²Ûm-½ÀâP.ü º±ô-½ÀâP.üwÞ-¾ô-¼Ûmümï-½ÀâP.üzÞ¾-μÅüh;¼-G»ºüÈ-»P.üÅÛ-¾Û-;ômüºôh- Û̂-¤-¤ü¤Þ- Û̧ü±Ð-½ÀâP.üÍ¼-Gômü GZÝG-½ÀâP.ühÝG-Åï¾-h;¼-qôüh;¼-Á¤ü TôP-ŸÛüÅÛ-;m- Û̂-»¤ü

lÝ¾-IPÅü

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

D¤Å-μÅü

Hydrogen

Helium

Lithium

Beryllium

Boron

Carbon

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Fluorine

Neon

Sodium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silicon

Phosphorus

Sulphur

Chlorine

Argon

Potassium

Calcium

Scandium

¤±ôm-dGÅü

H

He

Li

Be

B

C

N

O

F

Ne

Na

Mg

Al

Si

P

S

Cl

Ar

K

Ca

Sc

D¤Å-μÅ-hÝÅ-ºDô¼-¼ïºÞ-¤ÛG Periodic Table of Elements

Appendix III ¸Þ¼-¢¼-GÅÞ¤-qü 133

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

Titanium

Vanadium

Chromium

Manganese

Iron

Cobalt

Nickel

Copper

Zinc

Gallium

Germanium

Arsenic

Selenium

Bromine

Krypton

Rubidium

Strontium

Yttrium

Zirconium

Niobium

Molybdenum

Technetium

Ruthenium

Rhodium

Palladium

Silver

Cadmium

Indium

Ti

V

Cr

Mn

Fe

Co

Ni

Cu

Zn

Ga

Ge

As

Se

Br

Kr

Rb

Sr

Y

Zr

Nb

Mo

Te

Ru

Rh

Pd

Ag

Cd

In

‡ñ-‡ïï-mÛ-»¤ü¶ï-mÛ- Û̂-»¤ü;ô-¿UGÅü¤ïP-¿UGÅü¿UGÅü;ô-z×¾üGÁº-±ïü GÁº-h;¼ü¸PÅübÛ-±üJËï-¾Û-»¤üW¼-¤ï-mÛ-»¤üz-„ÀüÅï-¾ï-mÛ-»¤üzÞ¼ô-¤ÛmüÇ~Å-½ÀâP-ü¼Þ-zÛ- Û̂-»¤üÇœôm-Á¤ü»Û-‡-¼Û-»¤ü²Û¼-;ô-mÛ-»¤ümïºô-zÛ-»¤ü¤ô-¾Û-z- Û̂-m¤ü‡ïG-aï-ÁÛ-»¤ü¼Þ-fï-mÛ-»¤ü¼ô- Û̂-»¤üq-¾ï- Û̂-»¤ühPÞ¾übÛ-±Ð-BïÅü Dï-^-¤Û-»¤ü¤fÛP-¿UGÅü

134 ¸Þ¼-¢¼-GÅÞ¤-qü Appendix III

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

Tin

Antimony

Tellurium

Iodine

Xenon

Cesium

Barium

Lanthanum

Cerium

Praseodymium

Neodymium

Promethium

Samarium

Europium

Gadolinium

Terbium

Dysprosium

Holmium

Erbium

Thulium

Ytterbium

Lutetium

Hafnium

Tantalum

Tungsten

Rhenium

Osmium

Iridium

Sn

Sb

Te

I

Xe

Cs

Ba

La

Ce

Pr

Nd

Pm

Sm

Eu

Gd

Tb

Dy

Ho

Er

Tm

Yb

Lu

Hf

Ta

W

Re

Os

Ir

(¿UGÅ-)=Ûmü¤ÛG-Ç̈mü‡ï-¾Þ-¼Û-»¤ü¿~-±Ðü²ïm-½ÀâP.üÅï-ÅÛ-»¤üzï-¼Û-»¤ü¾ïm-fï-m¤üÅï-¼Û-»¤ü Å-¿ËºÛ-G»P-μÅüq-¼×-ÅÛºô- Û̂-¤Û-»¤ümÛºô- Û̂-¤Û-»¤üqô¼-¤ï-fÛ-»¤üÅ-¤-¼Û-»¤ü»Þ-¼ô-qÛ-»¤üGh-hô-¾Û-mÛ-»¤übØ¼-zÛ-»¤üï̂-qô¼-ÅÛ-»¤üÈô¾-¤Û-»¤üÍï¼-zÛ-»¤üfÞ-¾Û-»¤ü»Û-‡¼-zÛ-»¤ü¾Þ-‡ï-ÁÛ-»¤üÈz-mÛ-»¤übm-b-¾¤ü‡P-ÅÛ-‡mü¼ï-mÛ-»¤üÍô-ÅÛ-¤Û-»¤üÍÛ-¼Û- Û̂-»¤ü


78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

Platinum

Gold

Mercury

Thallium

Lead

Bismuth

Polonium

Astatine

Radon

Francium

Radium

Actinium

Thorium

Protactinium

Uranium

Neptunium

Plutonium

Americium

Curium

Berkelium

Californium

Einsteinium

Fermium

Mendelevium

Nobelium

Lawrencium

Rutherfordium

Dubnium

Pt

Au

Hg

Tl

Pb

Bi

Po

At

Rn

Fr

Ra

Ac

Th

Pa

U

Np

Pu

Am

Cm

Bk

Cf

Es

Fm

Md

No

Lw/Lr

Rf

Db

GÅï¼-h;¼-qôüGÅï¼ühPÞ¾-Vßüfï¾-¾Û-»¤üŸ-ZïüzÛ-ÅÛ-¤-füqô-¾ô-mÛ-»¤üÍÅï-‡ï-‡ÛmüPz-½ÀâP.üw-¼×m-ÅÛ-»¤ü¼ï- Û̂-»¤üÍïG-‡Û-mÛ-»¤üfô-¼Û-»¤üqÞ-¼ô-‡ïG-‡Û-mÛ-»¤ü»Þ-¼ï-mÛ-»¤ü¤±ô-¿ËºÛ-mô¼-zÞüqÞ-¾Þ-‡ô-mÛ-»¤üÍ-¤ï-¼Û-ÅÛ-»¤üEã-¼Û-»¤üz¼-;ï-¾Û-»¤ü;ï-¾Û-wô¼-mÛ-»¤üÍïm-Å-ï‡ñm-mÛ-»¤üw¼-¤Û-»¤ü¤ïm- ï̂-¾ï-¶Û-»¤ümô-zï-¾Û-»¤ü¾×-¼ïm-ÅÛ-»¤ü¼Þ-f¼-wô¼- Û̂-»¤ü^z-mÛ-»¤ü

136 ¸Þ¼-¢¼-GÅÞ¤-qü Appendix III

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

Seaborgium

Bohrium

Hassium

Meitnerium

Darmstadtium

Roentgenium

Ununbium

Ununtrium

Ununquadium

Ununpentium

Ununhexium

Sg

Bh

Hs

Mt

Ds

Rg

Uub

Uut

Uuq

Uup

Uuh

Å×Û-zô¼-WÛ-»¤üzô-¼Û-»¤üÈ-ÅÛ-»¤ü¤×Ûh-mï-¼Û-»¤üh©-Åï-bïh-ÁÛ-»¤ü¼ôm-Gï-mÛ-»¤üD¤Å-μÅ- 112 qüD¤Å-μÅ- 113 qüD¤Å-μÅ- 114 qüD¤Å-μÅ- 115 qüD¤Å-μÅ- 116 qü


1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

1 ºWôP-h‚ÛzÅü 2 ¤hÝP-h‚ÛzÅü 3 Ç‰ÛP-h‚ÛzÅü 4 ÇKôP-h‚ÛzÅü 5 ÇKôP-G¸ÞGÅ-¿kôG-¤ü6 ¤D¾-G¸ÞGÅü 7 Eï¤-zÞºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü 8 ¾Û-»¼-h‚ÛzÅü 9 ¤hº-¯ïºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü10 wÞz-h‚ÛzÅü 11 ÅôG-h‚ÛzÅü 12 ¤hÝP-¯ïºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü 13 ¯ï-Ç‰àP.ü 14 ¯ï-lÝ¤ü15 Ç~¼-h‚ÛzÅü 16 ¯ï-¤ô-Ç‰àP-¼ÛP.ü 17 ¾ô-¤-¤Gô-ZG 18 ¤WâG-ºi-V-¿kmü 19 ¯ï-nômü20 G®ßG-nôm-y-¤ôü 21 ï̄-ZG 22 Ç‰ÛP-G Þ̧GÅ-¿kôG-¤ü 23 ¹â¤-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü 24 ¿Uï-h‚ÛzÅü25 ¤hÝP-G¸ÞGÅ-¿kôG-¤ü 26 ºWôP-m¼ü 27 Oô-h‚ÛzÅü 28 Dz-h‚ÛzÅü

¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü

138 ¸Þ¼-¢¼-zŸÛ-qü Appendix IV

glossary_of_standardised_terms_5

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