globally harmonized system an introduction

Globally Harmonized System

An IntroductionStewart Sampson

Course Objectives• Know basic information about the

Globally Harmonized System• Appreciate the improvements inherent

in the Globally Harmonized System• Demystify the process and decrease

the intimidation when you start seeing the new labels and SDSs

Outline• WHMIS Overview• Globally Harmonized System basics

– Overview– Safety Data Sheets– Chemical classes– Labels

• Sample label• Summary/Evaluation

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Become Involved!

Look Back at WHMIS• What are the parts of WHMIS?• What are WHMIS’ strengths,

weaknesses?• What would you like to change in

WHMIS?

GHS Overview• System for standardizing and

harmonizing the classification and labeling of chemicals

• Existing laws are similar, but different enough to require multiple labels and safety data sheets for the same product both within Canada and in international trade

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Hazardous Chemical Facts

• 880,000 hazardous chemicals are currently used in the U.S.

• HCS affects 43 million workers in over 5 million workplaces.

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GHS Cost Facts• GHS will prevent 500 injuries/illnesses

and 43 deaths per year, equaling a total of $250 million in reduced health and safety risks.

• Costs per year will total $201 million dollars to comply with revisions to the HCS.

• Future net benefits are estimated at $556 million dollars per year.

Range of Current Toxicity Definitions

Range of Flammability Definitions

GHS Overview• Driven by the international mandate adopted in 1992

– Harmonization of classification and labelling of chemicals was one of six program areas that were endorsed by the UN to strengthen international efforts concerning the environmentally sound management of chemicals

• International Labor Organization studied the tasks required and concluded that there were four major existing systems that needed to be harmonized– UN Transport Recommendations – U.S. laws for Workplace, Consumer and Pesticides – European Union Dangerous Substance and Preparations

laws– Canadian laws for Workplaces, Consumers and Pesticides

Key Guiding Principles of the Harmonization Process

• Protection will not be reduced • Will be based on intrinsic properties

(hazards) of chemicals • All types of chemicals will be covered • All systems will have to be changed • Involvement of all stakeholders should

be ensured • Comprehensibility must be addressed

Benefits of the GHS• Improve the quality and consistency of

hazard information

Benefits of the GHS• Improve the quality and consistency of hazard

information• Enhance worker comprehension of hazards,

especially for low and limited-literacy workers• Reduce confusion in the workplace• Facilitate safety training• Enable workers to access the information more

efficiently• Reduce trade barriers and minimize burden of

multiple rules

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Challenges from the GHS• SDS for products not previously

required• Changes in physical and health

hazards (Retraining)• Revised PPE, Exposure Controls &

Emergency measures• Product re-labeling

– Even workplace labels???

UN Plans for the Workplace • Most of the GHS elements will be adopted,

including– GHS physical and health hazard criteria – Labels that have the harmonized core

information under the GHS (signal words, hazard statements and symbols, etc.)

– Safety Data Sheets• Employee training to help ensure effective

communication is also anticipated

GHS Status• European Union has adopted• US has adopted• Australia has adopted

US TimelineDate Requirement Who?December 1, 2013

Train employees on the new label elements and SDS format.

Employers

June 1, 2015*

December 1, 2015

Comply with all modified provisions, except:

Distributors may ship products labeled by manufacturers under the old system until December 1, 2015.

Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers

June 1, 2016 Update alternative workplace labeling and hazard communication program as necessary, and provide additional employee training for newly identified physical or health hazards.

Employers

Transition Period

Comply with either 29 CFR 1910.1200 (this final standard), or the current standard, or both.

All chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers

* This date coincides with the European Union implementation date for classification of mixtures.

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“Suggested” Canadian Schedule

• Proposed regulations by March 2013• Final regulations by January 2014• Implementation by July 2015 (close to

the US June implementation)

Components of the GHS• Hazard classification• Hazard communication

– Safety data sheets• Common structure• Common words

– Supplier labels• Common structure• Common words

Hazard Classification• Only the intrinsic hazardous properties of

substances and mixtures are considered• Involves the following 3 steps:

– Identification of relevant data regarding the hazards of a substance or mixture;

– Review of the data to ascertain the hazards associated with the substance or mixture;

– Decide whether the substance or mixture will be classified as a hazardous substance or mixture and the degree of hazard by comparison of the data with agreed hazard classification criteria (i.e. the GHS system)

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Pop Quiz: What are the WHMIS Hazard Categories?

GHS Physical Hazards• Explosives • Flammable Gases • Flammable Aerosols • Oxidizing Gases • Gases Under Pressure • Flammable Liquids • Flammable Solids • Self-Reactive

Substances• Pyrophoric Liquids

• Pyrophoric Solids • Self-Heating

Substances • Substances which, in

contact with water emit flammable gases

• Oxidizing Liquids • Oxidizing Solids • Organic Peroxides • Corrosive to Metals

GHS Health Hazards• Acute Toxicity • Skin Corrosion/Irritation • Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation • Respiratory or Skin Sensitization • Germ Cell Mutagenicity • Carcinogenicity • Reproductive Toxicology • Target Organ Systemic Toxicity - Single Exposure • Target Organ Systemic Toxicity - Repeated Exposure • Aspiration Toxicity

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Physical Hazard Classes

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Health Hazard Classes

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So what’s missing???

Mixtures?• Physical hazard criteria assume that mixtures will

be tested for physical hazards• Health and environmental hazards

– Where test data are available for the mixture itself, the classification of the mixture will be based on that data

– Where test data are not available for the mixture itself, then the appropriate “bridging principles” should be used

– If test data are not available for the mixture itself, and the bridging principles cannot be applied, then use the calculation or cutoff values described in the specific endpoint to classify the mixture

Bridging Principles• Dilution: If a mixture is diluted with a diluent that has an equivalent or lower

toxicity, then the hazards of the new mixture are assumed to be equivalent to the original

• Batching: Hazards of the new batch are assumed to be equivalent to the previous batches

• Concentration of Highly Toxic Mixtures: If a mixture is severely hazardous, then a concentrated mixture is assumed to be severely hazardous

• Interpolation within One Toxic Category: Mixtures having component concentrations within a range where the hazards are known are assumed to have those known hazards

• Substantially Similar Mixtures: Slight changes in the concentrations of components are not expected to change the hazards of a mixture and substitutions involving toxicologically similar components are not expected to change the hazards of a mixture

• Aerosols: Assumed to have the same hazards as the tested, non-aerosolized form of the mixture unless the propellant affects the hazards upon spraying.

Hazard Communication Principles

• Information should be conveyed in more than one way– Text and symbols

• The comprehensibility of the components of the system should take account of existing studies and literature as well as any evidence gained from testing

• The phrases used to indicate degree (severity) of hazard should be consistent across the health, physical and environmental hazards

Hazard Communication Tools

• Labels • (Material) Safety data sheets

Safety Data Sheet Contents• Identification • Hazard(s) identification • Composition/ information

on ingredients• First-aid measures • Fire-fighting measures • Accidental release

measures • Handling and storage• Exposure controls/

personal protection

• Physical and chemical • Stability and reactivity • Toxicological information • Ecological information• Disposal considerations• Transport information• Regulatory information• Other information

In this order!!!!!

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So What Goes On A Label?WHMIS Workplace GHS

Pictograms

Which ones are different from WHMIS?

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Label Changes

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Sample GHS Label

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So What Do You Do Now?• Monitor industry news• Inventory your chemicals

– Purge unused, not needed chemicals• Prepare (now) compliant SDSs for all

products you may have

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So What Do You Do Now?• Prepare training courses for staff

– Differing intensities depending on duties– Many will just need a “So what’s different

from WHMIS?” approach– US concept: Is the exposure potential of

consumer products is greater or less than that of normal consumer use

Updating • Update labels, SDSs in an appropriate and

timely manner – Canada may set a maximum duration

• Updating should be carried out promptly on receipt of new and significant information– Information that changes the GHS classification

and leads to a change in the label information or information that may affect the SDS

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Break

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GHS Classification Method• Based on

– Categories– Flowcharts– Tables

• Endless tables!!!!

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Flowchart Sample

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So Let’s Start• Look at the chemical properties

handout for ethanol• This will form the basis of our work

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AlcoolSampson DistilleriesPO Box 697Halifax, Nova Scotia, CanadaB3J 2T8Emergency phone No: 1-901-424-8055

Remember the GHS Physical Hazards From Earlier? Which Ones Apply?

• Explosives • Flammable Gases • Flammable Aerosols • Oxidizing Gases • Gases Under Pressure • Flammable Liquids • Flammable Solids • Self-Reactive

Substances• Pyrophoric Liquids

• Pyrophoric Solids • Self-Heating

Substances • Substances which, in

contact with water emit flammable gases

• Oxidizing Liquids • Oxidizing Solids • Organic Peroxides • Corrosive to Metals

Ethanol Is Neither Solid Nor Gas

• Explosives • Flammable Aerosols • Flammable Liquids • Self-Reactive

Substances• Pyrophoric Liquids • Self-Heating

Substances

• Substances which, in contact with water emit flammable gases

• Oxidizing Liquids • Organic Peroxides • Corrosive to Metals

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Next Steps• Take the hazard categories one at a

time• Explosives

– Look at flowchart– Ethanol does not meet any of the criteria

Ethanol Hazards• Explosives • Flammable Liquids • Self-Reactive


Substances



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Flammable Liquid

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Ethanol Data• Flashpoint

– 9oC • Boiling point

– 78.3oC

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Flammable Liquid

Ethanol Hazards• Explosives • Flammable Liquids

– Category 2• Self-Reactive


Substances



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Danger

Highly flammable liquid and vapour




Substances



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Self-Reactive

Substance

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Trust me. Ethanol is not self-reactive

• Neither is it pyrophoric or self-heating• When I mix a drink, do I get fizz?

– Therefore not a substance which, in contact with water emits gases

• Can I put my drink in a paper cup?– Therefore not an oxidizing liquid

• Chemically, ethanol is not a peroxide• Can I buy beer in a can?

– Therefore not corrosive to metals




Substances



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Danger

Highly flammable liquid and vapour

GHS Health Hazards• Acute Toxicity • Skin Corrosion/Irritation • Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation • Respiratory or Skin Sensitization • Germ Cell Mutagenicity • Carcinogenicity • Reproductive Toxicology • Target Organ Systemic Toxicity - Single Exposure • Target Organ Systemic Toxicity - Repeated Exposure • Aspiration Toxicity

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Acute Toxicity• Look in

handout for:

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Ethanol • LD50

– Oral, mouse: 3450 mg/kg;– Oral, rabbit: 6300 mg/kg;– Oral, rat: 9000 mg/kg;– Oral, rat: 7060 mg/kg;

• LC50– Inhalation, mouse: 19 230 ppm/4H;– Inhalation, rat: 20000 ppm/10H;




Substances



Ethanol Hazards• Flammable Liquids

– Category 2• Acute Toxicity

– Category 5• Skin Corrosion/Irritation • Serious Eye

Damage/Eye Irritation • Respiratory or Skin

Sensitization • Germ Cell Mutagenicity

• Carcinogenicity • Reproductive

Toxicology • Target Organ Systemic

Toxicity - Single Exposure

• Target Organ Systemic Toxicity - Repeated Exposure

• Aspiration Toxicity

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Danger

Highly flammable liquid and vapourMay be harmful if swallowed

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Next Categories• Ethanol does not significantly damage

the skin or eyes• Ethanol does not cause sensitization• There is no reliable evidence of germ

cell mutagenicity



– Category 5• Skin Corrosion/Irritation • Serious Eye

Damage/Eye Irritation • Respiratory or Skin

Sensitization • Germ Cell Mutagenicity

• Carcinogenicity • Reproductive

Toxicology • Target Organ Systemic

Toxicity - Single Exposure



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Cancer and Reproduction• The International Agency for Research

on Cancer has classified alcohol as a Group 1 carcinogen– There is sufficient evidence for the

carcinogenicity of alcoholic beverages in humans

• Alcohol does cause Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

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Danger

Highly flammable liquid and vapourMay be harmful if swallowedMay cause cancerMay damage the unborn child (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder through ingestion)



– Category 5• Skin Corrosion/Irritation • Serious Eye Damage/Eye

Irritation • Respiratory or Skin

Sensitization • Germ Cell Mutagenicity • Carcinogenicity

– Category 1A

• Reproductive Toxicology – Category 1A

• Target Organ Systemic Toxicity - Single Exposure



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Target Organ Toxicity• Narcotic effects after single exposure

– Category 3• Narcotic effects after single exposure

– Cirrhosis of the liver– Diseases of the gastrointestinal,

cardiovascular, respiratory, and nervous systems

– Wide range of neurological changes, depression and other mental disorders

– Category 1

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Aspiration• Presumed to cause human aspiration

toxicity• Kinematic viscosity

– 0.57 mm/s at 40 oC



– Category 5• Skin Corrosion/Irritation • Serious Eye Damage/Eye

Irritation • Respiratory or Skin

Sensitization • Germ Cell Mutagenicity • Carcinogenicity

– Category 1A

• Reproductive Toxicology – Category 1A

• Target Organ Systemic Toxicity - Single Exposure – Category 1

• Target Organ Systemic Toxicity - Repeated Exposure – Category 1

• Aspiration Toxicity– Category 2

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Danger

Highly flammable liquid and vapourMay be harmful if swallowedMay cause cancerMay damage the unborn child (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder through ingestion)May cause drowsiness or dizzinessCauses damage to liver, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory, and nervous systemsthrough long or repeated exposureMay be harmful if swallowed and enters airways

Keep away from heat/sparks/open flameNo smokingKeep container tightly closedGround bond container and receiving equipmentUse explosion-proof electrical equipmentUse non-sparking toolsTake precautionary measures against static dischargeObtain special instructions before useDo not breathe vapoursDo not eat or drink when using this productDo not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understoodCall a poison control centre if swallowed or if you feel unwellDo not induce vomitingIn case of fire, use Type B or ABC fire extinguisherStore in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.Store locked upDispose of contents and container in accordance with laws

Fill weight: 40 ozDate: December 31, 2012Expiration date: January 1, 2013

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More Pictograms???

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Danger




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And the Safety Data Sheet?• Just more of the same• But there are fewer restrictions on the

SDSs than there are on the labels

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What about NFPA/HMIS?

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The Issue!!

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Canada “Gossip”• Dates

– Proposed regulations by March 2013– Final regulations by January 2014– Implementation by July 2015 (close to the

US June implementation)

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Canada “Gossip”• Classification

– Keep Biohazardous infectious materials– Adopt the OSHA unique hazards

• Separating “hazards not otherwise classified” (HNOC) into two categories: health and physical (HHNOC and PHNOC)

• Different definition for combustible dust – Serious eye damage and eye irritation

• Only category 2– Disclosure requirement at 0.1% for

carcinogenicity (1.0% in the U.S.)

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Canada “Gossip”• Label

– Labels will look different• No more hatched border • Red borders on GHS pictograms

– Labels must be updated within 180 days with new info

– Both English and French to appear on labels

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Danger




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DangerHighly flammable liquid and vapourMay be harmful if swallowedMay cause cancerMay damage the unborn child (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder through ingestion)May cause drowsiness or dizzinessCauses damage to liver, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory, and nervous systemsthrough long or repeated exposureMay be harmful if swallowed and enters airways

Liquide et vapeurs très inflammablesPeut être nocif en cas d'ingestionPeut provoquer le cancerPeut nuire au fœtus (syndrome d'alcoolisation fœtale par ingestion)Peut provoquer somnolence ou vertigesProvoque des lésions au foie, gastro-intestinal, systemsthrough cardio-vasculaire, respiratoire et nerveux long ou une exposition répétéePeut être nocif en cas d'ingestion et de pénétration dans les voies


Conserver à l'écart de la chaleur / des étincelles / flamme nueDéfense de fumerConserver le récipient bien ferméLiaison équipotentielle du récipient et du matériel de réception au solUtilisez des appareils antidéflagrants électriqueUtilisez des outils anti-étincellesPrendre des mesures de précaution contre les décharges électrostatiquesSe procurer les instructions spéciales avant l'utilisationNe pas respirer les vapeursNe pas manger ou boire lors de l'utilisation de ce produitNe pas manipuler avant toutes les précautions ont été lues et comprisesAppeler un centre anti-poison en cas d'ingestion ou en cas de malaiseNe pas faire vomirEn cas d'incendie, utiliser de type B ou ABC extincteurStocker dans un endroit bien ventilé. Tenir au frais.Garder sous clefÉliminer le contenu et le récipient en conformité avec les lois


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Canada “Gossip”• Safety Data Sheet

– Retain the information requirement of initial supplier (Canadian manufacturer or importer)

– Ingredients only contributing to the physical hazards need not be listed

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Canada “Gossip”• Safety Data Sheet (cont’d)

– Ingredients that present a health hazard must be disclosed on the SDS even if no toxicity data is available.

– Inform customers of any new information immediately

– SDSs must be updated within 90 days – 3 year MSDS review period

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Canada “Gossip”• Possible list of classified hazardous

substances • Disclose risk to the ozone layer and

aquatic environment • Structured training program

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So What Do You Do Now?• Prepare to do the following

– Sourcing Updated Supplier SDSs– Evaluating SDS Changes– Using New Information– Training– Distributing SDS to Employees

How Did We Do?Course Objectives

• Know basic information about the Globally Harmonized System

• Appreciate the improvements inherent in the Globally Harmonized System

• Demystify the process and decrease the intimidation when you start seeing the new labels and SDSs

globally harmonized system an introduction

Documents

labelling of chemicals

hazardous chemicals

types of chemicals

ghs overviewsystem

harmonized systemdemystify

harmonized systemappreciate

classification processes

ghs cost factsghs