GLOBALIZATION &

EDUCATIONA.HAFIZ.MCAROLINE THAMCHARLENE MARIANNE RUKIMINMIKO LAU WEE NA

GLOBALIZATION & THE INCORPORATION OF

EDUCATION

HERE WE HAVE DRAW OUT SOME OF THE PROFOUND IMPLICATIONS OF GLOBALIZATION FOR EDUCATION AND THE WORK OF EDUCATORS. ARISING OUT OF THE GLOBALIZATION PROCESS THERE HAS BEEN AN INCREASED PRESENCE OF CORPORATIONS AND BRANDING IN EDUCATION. WE ALSO LOOK AT SOME OF THE ISSUES SURROUNDING GLOBALIZATION AND EDUCATION.

Implications of Globalization for Education

Globalisation

Globalisation refers to the increasing flow of technology, finance, trade, knowledge, people, values, and ideas across borders (Knight & Wit, 1997)

Implication of Globalization for Education

Globalization has created various challenges in the implementation of education in Malaysia.Among the challenges are:•The needs of life –long learning•The use of information and telecommunication technology•Education Management•Development of student’s Identity•Quality of Teacher

First Challenge: Life-long Learning

UNESCO suggested to reorganize the ways in nurturing potential human resources through formal and informal education. More training and education institutes are built for working adults because of this approach. This can help the adult in developing their own potential so that they can help in contributing to the country. (Hussein Ahmad, 2001).

Why life-long learning existed:•Gives opportunities to adults who are lack of higher education to obtain necessary skills which is useful towards the society and work.•To obtain higher level of working skills.•To obtain necessary skills to become a more efficient citizen and to become a smart consumer.•To develop understanding from various problems existed in the society and actively participate in it in order to achieve social justice.•Develop good attitude through the use of free time creatively to obtain knowledge.•Develop independent study.•Help adults understand their relationship with the society better.•Help adults in planning their career and help them to achieve their goals•Develop individual hidden strength

3rd Long-term Planning (2001-2010) & “Dasar Wawasan Negara” emphasis on nurturing knowledgeable workers through Life-long Learning . It is also to:

•Provide and give encouragement in ICT training with emphasis on various skills•Develop innovative training program to fulfill the requirement of the industry•Develop e-Latihan program•Develop a friendly environment for learning in all public services’ agency•Encourage research and development in adult’s education•To encourage usage of school, community college, mosque, and, community hall for life-long learning program. •Launching of national campaign on the importance of life-long learning.

Besides, people in Malaysia emphasize on the importance of education which lead to many people to further their studies at a higher level and to learn different kinds of skills.

The opening of Open University Malaysia and Life-long learning Centre have given opportunities for those who are interested to further their studies .

Second Challenge: Innovation in Curriculum Implementation

Ohmae(1995) stated that the development of ICT and globalization have produce a new paradigm in all organization, including learning institution. Like any other country, Malaysia cannot avoid from having the same challenge due to globalization.

Hallinger(1998) strongly stated that globalization encourage the shift of paradigm in most of the countries in order to seek for the meaning of quality education and offered courses. This is due to concern that we will lose our competitiveness if changes are not made to the curriculum.

Education in Malaysia has gone through some radical changes starting from the 1990’s due to the changes in global level.

Changes in curriculum in term of teaching and learning have been introduced:•Bestari School•SchooleNet Project•Smart Lab Project•Vista School Project

Curriculum in Malaysia is revise so that it is relevant. The curriculum in Malaysia is to produce students that prepares to face global competition in terms of:

•Having life-long learning culture•Having the ability to communicate in mother tongue and international language•Can master ICT skill for working and daily needs•Ready in term of cognitive for complex and challenging assignment , solve problems and gain new experience•Become a responsible citizen in term of social, politic and culture

Malaysia use English to teach Science and Mathematic in primary and secondary school so student will be prepared to face globalization. The development of Science and Technology in English are important in order to have access to knowledge and information in those field.

Other languages are introduced in school so students are prepared to face the global world and become a global player. The challenges that face by the learning institute in implementing the innovative curriculum is the readiness of teacher to implement with dedication.

Harvey (1990) listed down some factor effecting the readiness of teachers in implementing the changes:•Lack of Capability•Not beneficial•Increasing working load•No support from management•Love to be alone•Different level of knowledge and skills•Drastic changes

Computer is the prime media to get and to spread knowledge, skills and way to perform evaluation. Computer software and facilities are provided by Ministry of Education and “Pembelajaran Berbantu Komputer” is operating fast in school using software.

•Exercise software•Tutorial software•Stimulation software•Games software•Problem-solving software

The use of this aids make teaching meaningful because the teaching is more student based. Teacher act is a problem solver. Johnson(1986) explained that ICT usage is applicable to all subject. The use of computer software also drive student to think critically and produce a meaningful learning.

EDUCATION MANAGEMENT

EDUCATION MANAGEMENT has experienced a fairly radical transformation in development of a globalized world, especially in the use of telecommunications technology and computing. 

Some innovations have been implemented in the education management in Malaysia, especially at school level to improve efficiency in education management. Some new term has been applied which known as the Pengurusan Maklumat Sekolah (School Management Information System).

Application of this system has facilitated the school administration perform routine tasks such as:

EDUCATION MANAGEMENT1. To assist school managers and facilitate decision making.2. Improving the efficiency of management and administration.3. Reducing the burden of managers in a variety of tasks.4. Improving the efficiency of file management system.5. Simplify and save time in collecting, processing and store data such as student attendance report.6. Improving efficiency in the provision of grades / marks examination students.7. Placement of students in the class.8. Making the distribution of teachers teaching schedule.9. Construction of teachers schedule.10. Make distribution of financial resources, textbooks, and so on.11. Keeps data on stocks and inventories as well as various business the schools handled routinely, that handle by administration and teachers.

(Rahmad Sukor, 2006)

IDENTITY FORMATION

All educational institutions face the challenge of putting children moral right on track according to the local casting performance education programs at the school. Aspects that need to be examined are:

1. TEACHER’S PERSONALITY: Teachers should show a positive figure, especially during the process of teaching and learning. As a teacher, he/she should shows these characteristics, honest, trustworthy, well mannered, caring, gentle, willing to help others and willing to sacrifice . It is necessary to be the role model of the students. Teachers also need to show they are religious.

IDENTITY FORMATION

2. SCHOOL CULTURE: School culture practices the attitude of trustworthy, perseverance, love of excellence, love, helping each other, politeness morality and practice of religion are life- elements that need to be polish and practiced constantly. These aspects should be given serious attention by the school administration.

3. SCHOOL CURRICULUM ACTIVITIES: Activities such as uniform bodies, associations, clubs and sport events can give impact to the development of students personality. Under the teacher monitoring, it can enrich positive value towards teamwork, self-reliance, mutual help and discipline.

DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHER’S PROFESIONALISME

Teachers are the key assets to ensure the development of education to effectively implemented in school. Teachers need to have a quality that is contemporary and relevant to his/ her period. 

Robiah Sidin (1994) suggests several criteria need to be owned by teachers so that they are ready and able to withstand the changes of period. Among the features that need to be held are:

1. Able to lead the changes in schools where the teachers worked2. Targeting the high productivity in the career3. Always follow the passage of time4. Understanding the technology5. Has the nature of courage, to try something new and innovative new ideas

DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHER’S PROFESIONALISME

Omar Hashim (1991) stated that:

“What are some skills that should be gain by the teacher as a preparation of this 21st century ?....Teachers should have supplies, adequacy in terms of skills or even knowledge. 21st Century Educators must be versatile and agile in some skills including the ability to use electronic media and computers to improve their teaching effectiveness.” 

DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHER PROFESIONALISME

(Ornstein & Hunkins, 1988) , the main challenge to improve in teaching career professionalism is the concentration teachers themselves to the implementation of tasks related to a particular innovation. Many studies have been conducted to this issue. Those who had made the studies are, Habib Mat Som (2005), Katz (1972), Hall and Loucks (1978), Fuller (1975) and Anderson (1997). 

PRESENCE OF CORPORATIONS IN HIGHER EDUCATION MALAYSIA Scholarships Malaysian Quality Agency (MQA) PTPTN fund Other universities (twinning programmes) Quality Assurance Department (QAD) National Quality Framework (NQF) National Accreditation Board (LAN) National Council

SCHOLARSHIPS PROGRAMMES MARA Scholarship program- To provide financial aid for universities to

qualified bumiputera students in the fields of science, technology, professional, expertise , management and others in order to increase their participation in the trade and industry sectors.

Sunway University College A-Level Scholarships- dedicated to the pursuit of excellence in

academic and extra-curricular activities (ECA). They encourage potential applicants to be part of this momentous opportunity.

MQA- The MQA will be responsible for undertaking the

rating of academic programmes of private and public universities.

- quality assurance and certification of programmes for higher education in both the public and private universities and colleges.

PTPTN-  a financial aid program to help students gain entry

to Higher Level Institutions of Education in Public (IPTA) and Private (IPTS) sector.  

Twinning programme- students registers with both the local private

education institutions and the foreign university (dual registration)

- twinning programme for TESL, Doctor & etc

Quality Assurance Department (QAD) - to ensure quality and standards of all the aspects

of work of public higher education are safeguarded and enhanced.

National Quality Framework (NQF)- to further streamline and standardize the

programmes being offered. National Accreditation Board (LAN)- approve and regulate all programmes before they

are offered to the public. National Council- is a consultative body, whose aims among others

are to discuss and approve policies and regulations relating to higher education.

BRANDING IN EDUCATION

In Malaysia, there is not much evidence of branding in primary and secondary school.

But, higher institutions do have branding in education.

Why?

REASONS FOR BRANDINGTo attract foreign

students to our

country

To increase

enrolment in tertiary educationTo ensure

that tertiary education

was responsive to market demand

to develop and

modernize the services

industry

SOME STEPS TAKEN FOR BRANDINGIncrease the number of

local students by providing

more PTPTN loans

The Government set up education promotion offices

in foreign countries

Visa arrangement for foreign students was simplified

quality and standards of public higher

education are

safeguarded and

enhanced

INCREASE THE NUMBER OF LOCAL STUDENTS BY PROVIDING MORE PTPTN LOANS

More chance for locals embarking in tertiary education

Institutes will have more students – rise to fame (having lots of students will contribute to the reputation of the institute as being the best etc..)

THE GOVERNMENT SET UP EDUCATION PROMOTION OFFICES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

Example: British Council MalaysiaGuides students to study abroad – UK, US,

Aust, NZProvides IELTS exam details as well as

study aids

Malaysia should also provide something like this in other countries…

VISA ARRANGEMENT FOR FOREIGN STUDENTS WAS SIMPLIFIED

Foreign students can stay in Malaysia for longer period compared to tourists

Process to obtain visa is easier for students Foreign students can also have part-time jobs

QUALITY AND STANDARDS OF PUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION ARE SAFEGUARDED AND ENHANCED

MQA under LAN to accredit courses in higher education institutes

Quality check MS ISO 9001, QAD Can increase reputation of institute if there are

achievements

ACTUALLY THERE ARE A LOT MORE WAYS OF BRANDING IN EDUCATION

PREPARED BY…

Thank you for paying attention…

..o.0..??