higher education and globalization

Higher Education and Globalization: An Integrative Report

By Tereso S. Tuallo, Jr.

Arvin M. MontiverosMAT-SS

Introduction

Globalization is described as a complex process of creating worldwide networks of capital, technology, and information made possible through enhanced competition, stronger interconnection and greater interdependence.

Introduction

By compressing the time-space dimension (Harvey, 1989), globalization created environments functioning in real-time across the globe (Ohmae, 1990).

Globalization has affected all aspects of human life.

Introduction

In politics, it continues to threaten the legitimacy and influence of the nation-state (Held, et al.,1990).

In economics, it has deepened and expanded global trade.

It has also exposed the global village to systematic risks associated with the integration of the world economy.

Introduction

From a sociological perspective, globalization has established a veritable global civil society by galvanizing and linking various national non-governmental organizations on common issues of public action to counter the effects of globalization on various aspects of society (Brunner, 2011).

Introduction

In the cultural sphere, the establishment of global communication industries has threatened national values and traditions through the emergence of multiethnic and multicultural societies towards a global culture (Brunner, 2011).

Forces of Globalization

Globalization through international trade agreementsNations have recognized the

inevitability of economic globalization and have subjected themselves to the disciplines of trade agreements to reap the benefits of an integrated world market despite its social costs.


Global trade has also expanded because of international agreements that meant to reduce, if not remove trade barriers.

Forces of Globalization Expansion of knowledge and shift

towards a knowledge-based economyThe rapid growth and structural

transformation of developed economies have been attributed to an increasing share of the services sector.

A large portion of the services sector is dependent on skilled professionals and the utilization of knowledge.


Explosion of information and communications technologyKnowledge is not only expanding

exponentially, it is now easily accessible across the globe due to the rapid developments in ICT.


The advances in telecommunications and information technology have facilitated the delivery of educational services across national boundaries.

The Impact of Globalization on Higher Education

The globalization process has affected the enrollment, governance structure, functions, roles, and delivery of higher education across nations..

EnrollmentWith the expansion in educational

access, the number of learners around the world is projected to increase further and reach 159 million by the year 2025.

The demand for skilled workers in knowledge-based industries has boosted the demand for post secondary education.


Governance structureUniversities will have to change their

governance structure to give way to multidisciplinal and interdisciplinal modes of interaction in instruction and research.

Formation of research teams composed of individuals coming from various disciplines.


Governance structureThe benefits and costs of

internationalization of education can be viewed in terms of its impact on the: Inputs of educationOutputs of education


Functions and rolesChanging pattern in training needs to suit the

increasing demand of a knowledge-based economy for skilled workers

The need for retraining programs after graduation through continuing education

Reinventing HEIs to compete with institutions that provide distance learning, corporate universities, academic brokers and other new service providers (Salmi, 2000).


Delivery of higher educationThe problem of information overload

is apparently replacing the problems of shortage of information or slowness of its delivery in the past, influencing how higher education is now being delivered.


Delivery of higher educationWith the developments in ICT, other

modes of delivery have emerged including: Branch campuses Franchises Articulation Twinning Corporate program


Distance education Study abroad

programs (Lenn, 2001)

Delivery of higher educationOpening the educational sector of

countries in the ASEAN region may also contribute to the growing external pressures for the Philippines to evaluate the reasons why these countries considered the liberalization of their educational services.


Delivery of higher educationThe pressure for globalization in the

educational sector is not only coming from external forces but also from internal factors.

It is crucial that developing countries, like the Philippines, invest heavily in education in order to improve productivity and enhance their growth potentials.


Widening the educational divideThe impact of globalization on education

in developing countries becomes more pronounced by widening the knowledge gap brought about by technological divide.

Select universities participate in global education while the technologically handicapped institutions remain isolated and stagnant.


Widening the educational divideWith the liberalization in the

movement of persons, particularly highly skilled workers, developing countries will be confronted with brain drain and low educational quality brought about by globalization and the movement of professions and highly skilled workers.


With the enhancement of quality and further improvement in processes and access to education , HEIs may reap the tremendous opportunities offered by globalization and counter its accompanying enormous threats.

The issue of quality assurance , its sustainability and development in the context of a globalized environment in higher education, need to be studied carefully.

Conclusion

Government policies pertaining to the provision of educational services and movement of professionals should focus on developmental activities rather than purely regulatory.

Policies should be meant to improve professionals’ competence.

Conclusion

Studies should be expanded to continuously improve the quality of educational services. Benchmarking, accreditation, continuing

education and curriculum revision

Conclusion