Global warming

GLOBAL WARMING History

• Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and

its projected continuation.• Global surface temperature increased 0.74 °C during the 100 years

ending in 2005. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concludes "most of the observed increase in globally averaged

temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in greenhouse gas concentrations" via an

enhanced greenhouse effect.

Causes of Global Warming

• Rapid Industrialization• Deforestation• Get fossil fuels • Greenhouse effect • Car fumes

About problems• Only in the central European Russia, for example,

67,000 square kilometers (16,556,060 acres) of forests were cleared between the end of the 17th century to the start of the 20th century.

• 70 million barrels per day produced in the world.• Car rolls from 0,6 to 1,7 kg / hour of carbon monoxide,

and trucks from 1,5 to 2,8 kg /gshs

Greenhouse effect

• It is the process by which absorption and emission of infrared radiation by atmosphere gases warm a planet's lower atmosphere and surface

• Naturally occuring greenhouse gases have a mean warming effect of about 33 °C, without which Earth would be uninhabitable

El Ninos effect• El Ninos are not caused by global warming. Clear

evidence exists from a variety of sources (including archaeological studies) that El Ninos have been present for hundreds, and some indicators suggest maybe millions, of years. However, it has been hypothesized that warmer global sea surface temperatures can enhance the El Ninos phenomenon, and it is also true that El Ninos have been more frequent and intense in recent decades.Recent climate model results that simulate the 21st century with increased greenhouse gases (using the IPCC IS92a greenhouse gas increase scenario) suggest that El Ninos are likely to become more common in the future.

Effects Of Global Warming

• Increase in sea levels • Increase in the intensity of

extreme weather events • Significant changes to the amount

and pattern of precipitation.• Modifications of trade routes• Glacier retreat• Mass species extinctions• Increases in the ranges of disease

vectors• Will endangered several species of

animals

Mitigation Of Global Warming

Mitigation of global warming involves taking actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to enhance sinks aimed at reducing the extent of global warming. This is in distinction to adaptation to global warming which involves taking action to minimize the effects of global warming

Global Warming or Global Cooling the

Threat for the Future?• Thomas R. Karl, Richard W. Knight, David R. Easterling, Robert G. Quayle who serve

on the scientific staff of the National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), in Asheville, NorthCarolina. Thomas "The challenge to the climatologist is to separate any meaningful signals from ever-present noise, and to discern, if possible, whether there is indeed at work the sometimes slow and subtle hand of significant change. The second task, which is even harder, is to identify, unequivocally, the cause," according to the scientists was the focus of their study."Before such questions can be answered, we need to remind ourselves that'climate', as it is defined for a specific region and time, includes more than the simple average of weather conditions. Either random events or long- term persistent change, or more often combinations of them, can bring about significant swings in a variety of climate indicators from one time period to the next. Examples include a year dominated by severe drought and the next excessively wet; a series of bitterly cold winters followed by winters more mild; one scorching summer preceded by a summer pleasantly warm; years with numerous severe storms followed by years with few severe storms. The temptation at each time and place is often to attribute any of these temporal and sometimes local variations to a wider and more pervasive change in climate..."

Global warming politiC

• Developed and developing countries have made different arguments over who should bear the burden of economic costs for cutting emissions. Developing countries often concentrate on per capita emissions, that is, the total emissions of a country divided by its population.Per capita emissions in the industrialized countries are typically as much as ten times the average in developing countries.This is used to make the argument that the real problem of climate change is due to the profligate and unsustainable lifestyles of those living in rich countries.On the other hand, commentators from developed countries point out that total carbon emissions,carrying capacity, efficient energy use and civil and political rights are very important issues. World population is the number of humans per unit area. However the land is not the same everywhere. Not only the quantity of fossil fuel use but also the quality of energy use is a key debate point. For example, efficient energy use supporting technological change might help reduce excess carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere. The use of fossil fuels for conspicuous consumption and excessive entertainment are issues that can conflict with civil and political rights. People in developed countries argue that history has proven the difficulty of implementing fair rationing programs in different countries because there is no global system of checks and balances or civil liberties.

• The Kyoto Protocol, which came into force in 2005, sets legally binding emission limitations for most developed countries.Developing countries are not subject to limitations. This exemption led the U.S. and Australia to decide not to ratify the treaty,although Australia did finally ratify the treaty in December 2007.Debate continued at the Copenhagen climate summit and the Cancún climate summit.

THE END