global regulatory update, january 2014

44
Regulatory GLOBAL UPDATE January 2014, Volume 4, Issue 1 Confederation of Indian Industry Inside ARTICLES AND UPDATES CII'S RECENT INITIATIVES l Indian Companies - Moving closer to a US Listing l Infrastructure Projects - Capitalization challenges l With infra, banking needing trillions, regulatory innovation critical l Corporate bond markets in India – Challenges and Opportunities l Corporate debt market – future prospects l Domestic and International Updates l New Appointments l CII's 9th International Corporate Governance Summit l Interaction with SEBI Chairman l CII Recommendations on Draft Rules under Companies Act, 2013 l CII Representation on Prohibitions and Restrictions Regarding Political Contributions l Comments on the Justice Sodhi Committee Report on Insider Trading Regulations l CII Representation on Need for Exemptions for Private Companies

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“Global Regulatory Update” is a compilation of global and domestic news, opinions on regulatory issues, CII initiatives and representations on regulatory issues. The Update is aimed at keeping CII membership apprised of developments in the international and domestic corporate governance and regulatory landscape.

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Page 1: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

RegulatoryGLOBAL

UPDATE

January 2014, Volume 4, Issue 1

Confederation of Indian Industry

InsideARTICLES AND UPDATES CII'S RECENT INITIATIVESlIndian Companies - Moving closer to a US Listing

lInfrastructure Projects - Capitalization challenges

lWith infra, banking needing trillions, regulatory innovation critical

lCorporate bond markets in India – Challenges and Opportunities

lCorporate debt market – future prospects

lDomestic and International Updates

lNew Appointments

lCII's 9th International Corporate Governance Summit

lInteraction with SEBI Chairman

lCII Recommendations on Draft Rules under Companies Act, 2013

lCII Representation on Prohibitions and Restrictions Regarding Political Contributions

lComments on the Justice Sodhi Committee Report on Insider Trading Regulations

lCII Representation on Need for Exemptions for Private Companies

Page 2: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

1

DISCLAIMER This Regulatory Update has been compiled with a view to update readers and CII membership of international as well as the domestic changes relevant to the domain of Corporate Governance & Regulatory Affairs. The compilation must not be taken as an exhaustive coverage of announcements and news nor should it be used as professional advice. Although, every endeavour has been made to provide exhaustive information, no claim would be entertained in the event any information/data/details/text is found to be inaccurate, incomplete, at variance with official data/information/details released through other sources prior or subsequent to release of the issue. CII does not necessarily subscribe to the views expressed in the items. These reflect the author's personal views and in the event of any violation of IPR by the subscribers, CII would not be held responsible in any manner. Further, no part of this Update may be reproduced, copied or used without the prior permission of CII.

Contents

Expert Speak

Ms. Roopa Kudva, Managing Director & CEO, . . . . . . . . . . . 19CRISIL Ltd on “With Infra, Banking NeedingTrillions, Regulatory Innovation Critical"

Mr Nirmal Jain, Chairman, India Infoline Limited on. . . . . . . 22 “Corporate Bond Markets in India – Challenges and Opportunities”

Mr Mohan Shenoi, President, Group Treasury and . . . . . . . . 25Global Markets Kotak Mahindra Bank on “Corporate Debt Market – Future Prospects”

NATIONAL UPDATES . . . . . 2

APPOINTMENTS . . . . . . . . . 9

GLOBAL UPDATES . . . . . . 10

lIndian Companies - . . . . 14

Moving Closer to a

US Listing

lInfrastructure . . . . . . . . 16

Projects -

Capitalization

Challenges

CII's Recent Initiatives

Events:

CII's 9th International Corporate Governance Summit . . . . 27

Interaction with SEBI Chairman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Representations:

CII Recommendations on Draft Rules under . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Companies Act, 2013

Prohibitions and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Political Contributions

Justice Sodhi Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Insider Trading Regulations

Need for Exemptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 for Private Companies

Restrictions Regarding

Report on

A host of developments are scheduled to take place in 2014.Here is a list of some of

the most important ones.

General Elections

India will have general elections for the 16th Lok Sabha. The current Lok Sabha will

complete its constitutional term on 31 May 2014.

Assembly Elections

The tenure of the assemblies of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Haryana,

Maharashtra, Odisha and Sikkim is due to expire during the year. These states

would have elections between May and December 2014.

Elections would also take place in the following countries:

February- Thailand

March- Colombia

April-Afghanistan, Iraq, South Africa

August -Turkey

October-Brazil

December-New Zealand

Appointments

Ms Janet Louise Yellen would be the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the

Federal Reserve System. The first woman to run the central bank of the United

States, she will assume office on 1 February 2014.

G-20 Summit

9th meeting of the G-20 heads of governments will be held in Brisbane, the capital

city of Queensland, Australia, on 15 and 16 November 2014. The hosting venue will be

the Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre.

l

l

l

Indonesia,

In The Coming Months…

Page 3: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

1

DISCLAIMER This Regulatory Update has been compiled with a view to update readers and CII membership of international as well as the domestic changes relevant to the domain of Corporate Governance & Regulatory Affairs. The compilation must not be taken as an exhaustive coverage of announcements and news nor should it be used as professional advice. Although, every endeavour has been made to provide exhaustive information, no claim would be entertained in the event any information/data/details/text is found to be inaccurate, incomplete, at variance with official data/information/details released through other sources prior or subsequent to release of the issue. CII does not necessarily subscribe to the views expressed in the items. These reflect the author's personal views and in the event of any violation of IPR by the subscribers, CII would not be held responsible in any manner. Further, no part of this Update may be reproduced, copied or used without the prior permission of CII.

Contents

Expert Speak

Ms. Roopa Kudva, Managing Director & CEO, . . . . . . . . . . . 19CRISIL Ltd on “With Infra, Banking NeedingTrillions, Regulatory Innovation Critical"

Mr Nirmal Jain, Chairman, India Infoline Limited on. . . . . . . 22 “Corporate Bond Markets in India – Challenges and Opportunities”

Mr Mohan Shenoi, President, Group Treasury and . . . . . . . . 25Global Markets Kotak Mahindra Bank on “Corporate Debt Market – Future Prospects”

NATIONAL UPDATES . . . . . 2

APPOINTMENTS . . . . . . . . . 9

GLOBAL UPDATES . . . . . . 10

lIndian Companies - . . . . 14

Moving Closer to a

US Listing

lInfrastructure . . . . . . . . 16

Projects -

Capitalization

Challenges

CII's Recent Initiatives

Events:

CII's 9th International Corporate Governance Summit . . . . 27

Interaction with SEBI Chairman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Representations:

CII Recommendations on Draft Rules under . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Companies Act, 2013

Prohibitions and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Political Contributions

Justice Sodhi Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Insider Trading Regulations

Need for Exemptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 for Private Companies

Restrictions Regarding

Report on

A host of developments are scheduled to take place in 2014.Here is a list of some of

the most important ones.

General Elections

India will have general elections for the 16th Lok Sabha. The current Lok Sabha will

complete its constitutional term on 31 May 2014.

Assembly Elections

The tenure of the assemblies of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Haryana,

Maharashtra, Odisha and Sikkim is due to expire during the year. These states

would have elections between May and December 2014.

Elections would also take place in the following countries:

February- Thailand

March- Colombia

April-Afghanistan, Iraq, South Africa

August -Turkey

October-Brazil

December-New Zealand

Appointments

Ms Janet Louise Yellen would be the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the

Federal Reserve System. The first woman to run the central bank of the United

States, she will assume office on 1 February 2014.

G-20 Summit

9th meeting of the G-20 heads of governments will be held in Brisbane, the capital

city of Queensland, Australia, on 15 and 16 November 2014. The hosting venue will be

the Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre.

l

l

l

Indonesia,

In The Coming Months…

Page 4: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

2 3

F u r t h e r t h e a m o u n t

corresponding to the Mark to

Market value of the Contract as on

the transfer date should be

e x c h a n g e d b e t w e e n t h e

Transferor and the Transferee,

with no cash flow being given to

the Remaining Party.

iv. Other Conditions:

The Transferor will be able to

novate the Contract subject to the

said contract being held by it for a

period of 6 months in case of the

original maturity date being for 1

year and for at least 9 months in

case the original maturity date is

beyond 1 year. The said condition

not being applicable in case the

Transferor is winding up its

business or is under liquidation.

The MCA has accorded statutory

s t a t u s t o t h e S e r i o u s F r a u d

Investigative Office ("SFIO") vide its

Press Release dated December 06,

2013.

As per the release the ministry would

also be taking steps to improve the

functioning of the SFIO by inducting

n e w t e c h n o l o g y a n d s k i l l e d

manpower. The government had

approved the establishment of the

SFIO in 2003 based on the Naresh

C h a n d r a c o m m i t t e e

recommendations. The SFIO is a multi-

disciplinary organization consisting of

experts from various fields including

the capital markets, financial sector,

tax, forensic audit, law, customs and

investigation.

By according the statutory status the

ministry hopes that the SFIO would be

empowered in taking the necessary

and effective action in ensuring

greater regulatory compliance and

protecting investor rights.

3. SFIO ACCORDED

STATUTORY STATUS

4. CLARIFICATION WITH

REGARD TO DISCLOSURES

TO BE MADE FOR POLITICAL

CONTRIBUTIONS MADE BY

COMPANIES

5. TRANSFER OF SHARES IN

FINANCIAL SECTOR-

RELAXATION OF

REGULATION

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs by its

circular dated 10 December 2013 has

issued a clarification with respect to

the companies that need to make

d i s c l o s u r e s o f t h e p o l i t i c a l

contributions made by them under

Section 182 (3) of the Companies Act

2013 ("Disclosure Section").

As per the circular, the companies

contributing amounts to the 'Electoral

Trust Company' who in turn make

contributions to political parties need

not make disclosures under the

Diclosure Section which they would

have to in the event of them making

the contributions directly to the

political parties. Further, alongside

companies making disclosures, the

clarification states that the Electoral

Trust Company would also be required

to make disclosures in their books of

accounts as regards the amounts

received from the companies for

political contribution along with

details of the amounts contributed by

them to the political parties.

The Reserve Bank of India ("RBI") by

its notification dated November 11,

2 0 1 3 h a s m o d i f i e d t h e f i l i n g

requirements in respect of the

transfer of shares from Residents to

Non - Residents where the investee

company is in the Financial Sector.

Earlier, for any such transfer to occur

between the parties there has to be a

No Objection Certificate (NOC) to be

obtained from the respective financial

sector regulator of the investee

company as well as transferor and

t r a n s f e r e e e n t i t i e s , w h i c h

requirement has now been dispensed

with i.e. to say that NOC's need not be

filed while submitting the form FC-TRS

to the AD bank.

However, any 'fit and proper/ due

diligence' requirement as regards the

non-resident investor as stipulated by

the respective financial sector

regulator shall have to be complied

with.

In light of the Ministry of Corporate

Affairs notifying 98 sections of the

new Companies Act, 2013 vide its

circular dated November 19, 2013 it has

brought about a clarification with

regard to the applicability of provision

of Section 372A of the Companies Act,

1956 which deals with inter-corporate

loans and investments, which inter

a l i a e x e m p t s g r a n t o f

l o a n / i n v e s t m e n t s b y h o l d i n g

companies to their wholly owned

subsidiaries.

This circular now clearly clarifies that

the old section of the Companies Act,

6. APPLICABILITY OF SECTION

372A PERTAINING LOANS

AND INVESTMENTS MADE

BY COMPANIES

NATIONAL

By :

1. Extension of ESOP

compliance deadline again

2. NOVATION OF OTC

DERIVATIVE CONTRACTS

SEBI has decided to extend the time

l ine for al ignment of existing

employee benefit schemes with the

SEBI (ESOS and ESPS) Guidelines,

1999, to June 30, 2014. SEBI had earlier

e x t e n d e d t h e d e a d l i n e t o 3 1

December 2013 from the 30 June 2013

mandate.

Accordingly, in Clause 35C (ii) of the

Equity Listing Agreement, the words

"December 31, 2013" shall be replaced

with "June 30, 2014".

The RBI has by its circular dated

December 9, 2013 permitted novation

o f O T C d e r i v a t i v e c o n t r a c t s

("Contract").

Highlights of the circular include:

i. N o v a t i o n : N o v a t i o n i . e .

replacement of one of the existing

parties ("Transferor") to the

Contract is possible subject to the

prior consent of the other party to

the Contract ("Remaining Party").

T h e n o v a t i o n p e r m i t s t h e

Transferor to transfer all his rights,

liabilities, duties and obligations to

a third party ("Transferee").

ii. Purpose of Novation: Novation

may be used for management of

counter-party exposure and

counter-party credit risk; and to

deal with events such as winding-

up of business by banks and in

cases of mergers/acquisitions.

iii. Mechanism for Novation: For

executing the novation the 3

parties namely the Transferor, the

Transferee and the Remaining

Party are to enter into a Tri Partite

Agreement by which the Contract

will stand extinguished and a new

contract having identical terms

and conditions as the Contract

including the terms pertaining to

notional amount and maturity

date shall hold good as between

the Transferee and the Remaining

Party.

The execution of the new contract

will release the Transferor from its

obligations and liabilities under the

Contract which would now be

reinstated in the new contract

executed between the Transferee

and the Remaining Party and

assumed by the Transferee under

the said contract.

Page 5: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

2 3

F u r t h e r t h e a m o u n t

corresponding to the Mark to

Market value of the Contract as on

the transfer date should be

e x c h a n g e d b e t w e e n t h e

Transferor and the Transferee,

with no cash flow being given to

the Remaining Party.

iv. Other Conditions:

The Transferor will be able to

novate the Contract subject to the

said contract being held by it for a

period of 6 months in case of the

original maturity date being for 1

year and for at least 9 months in

case the original maturity date is

beyond 1 year. The said condition

not being applicable in case the

Transferor is winding up its

business or is under liquidation.

The MCA has accorded statutory

s t a t u s t o t h e S e r i o u s F r a u d

Investigative Office ("SFIO") vide its

Press Release dated December 06,

2013.

As per the release the ministry would

also be taking steps to improve the

functioning of the SFIO by inducting

n e w t e c h n o l o g y a n d s k i l l e d

manpower. The government had

approved the establishment of the

SFIO in 2003 based on the Naresh

C h a n d r a c o m m i t t e e

recommendations. The SFIO is a multi-

disciplinary organization consisting of

experts from various fields including

the capital markets, financial sector,

tax, forensic audit, law, customs and

investigation.

By according the statutory status the

ministry hopes that the SFIO would be

empowered in taking the necessary

and effective action in ensuring

greater regulatory compliance and

protecting investor rights.

3. SFIO ACCORDED

STATUTORY STATUS

4. CLARIFICATION WITH

REGARD TO DISCLOSURES

TO BE MADE FOR POLITICAL

CONTRIBUTIONS MADE BY

COMPANIES

5. TRANSFER OF SHARES IN

FINANCIAL SECTOR-

RELAXATION OF

REGULATION

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs by its

circular dated 10 December 2013 has

issued a clarification with respect to

the companies that need to make

d i s c l o s u r e s o f t h e p o l i t i c a l

contributions made by them under

Section 182 (3) of the Companies Act

2013 ("Disclosure Section").

As per the circular, the companies

contributing amounts to the 'Electoral

Trust Company' who in turn make

contributions to political parties need

not make disclosures under the

Diclosure Section which they would

have to in the event of them making

the contributions directly to the

political parties. Further, alongside

companies making disclosures, the

clarification states that the Electoral

Trust Company would also be required

to make disclosures in their books of

accounts as regards the amounts

received from the companies for

political contribution along with

details of the amounts contributed by

them to the political parties.

The Reserve Bank of India ("RBI") by

its notification dated November 11,

2 0 1 3 h a s m o d i f i e d t h e f i l i n g

requirements in respect of the

transfer of shares from Residents to

Non - Residents where the investee

company is in the Financial Sector.

Earlier, for any such transfer to occur

between the parties there has to be a

No Objection Certificate (NOC) to be

obtained from the respective financial

sector regulator of the investee

company as well as transferor and

t r a n s f e r e e e n t i t i e s , w h i c h

requirement has now been dispensed

with i.e. to say that NOC's need not be

filed while submitting the form FC-TRS

to the AD bank.

However, any 'fit and proper/ due

diligence' requirement as regards the

non-resident investor as stipulated by

the respective financial sector

regulator shall have to be complied

with.

In light of the Ministry of Corporate

Affairs notifying 98 sections of the

new Companies Act, 2013 vide its

circular dated November 19, 2013 it has

brought about a clarification with

regard to the applicability of provision

of Section 372A of the Companies Act,

1956 which deals with inter-corporate

loans and investments, which inter

a l i a e x e m p t s g r a n t o f

l o a n / i n v e s t m e n t s b y h o l d i n g

companies to their wholly owned

subsidiaries.

This circular now clearly clarifies that

the old section of the Companies Act,

6. APPLICABILITY OF SECTION

372A PERTAINING LOANS

AND INVESTMENTS MADE

BY COMPANIES

NATIONAL

By :

1. Extension of ESOP

compliance deadline again

2. NOVATION OF OTC

DERIVATIVE CONTRACTS

SEBI has decided to extend the time

l ine for al ignment of existing

employee benefit schemes with the

SEBI (ESOS and ESPS) Guidelines,

1999, to June 30, 2014. SEBI had earlier

e x t e n d e d t h e d e a d l i n e t o 3 1

December 2013 from the 30 June 2013

mandate.

Accordingly, in Clause 35C (ii) of the

Equity Listing Agreement, the words

"December 31, 2013" shall be replaced

with "June 30, 2014".

The RBI has by its circular dated

December 9, 2013 permitted novation

o f O T C d e r i v a t i v e c o n t r a c t s

("Contract").

Highlights of the circular include:

i. N o v a t i o n : N o v a t i o n i . e .

replacement of one of the existing

parties ("Transferor") to the

Contract is possible subject to the

prior consent of the other party to

the Contract ("Remaining Party").

T h e n o v a t i o n p e r m i t s t h e

Transferor to transfer all his rights,

liabilities, duties and obligations to

a third party ("Transferee").

ii. Purpose of Novation: Novation

may be used for management of

counter-party exposure and

counter-party credit risk; and to

deal with events such as winding-

up of business by banks and in

cases of mergers/acquisitions.

iii. Mechanism for Novation: For

executing the novation the 3

parties namely the Transferor, the

Transferee and the Remaining

Party are to enter into a Tri Partite

Agreement by which the Contract

will stand extinguished and a new

contract having identical terms

and conditions as the Contract

including the terms pertaining to

notional amount and maturity

date shall hold good as between

the Transferee and the Remaining

Party.

The execution of the new contract

will release the Transferor from its

obligations and liabilities under the

Contract which would now be

reinstated in the new contract

executed between the Transferee

and the Remaining Party and

assumed by the Transferee under

the said contract.

Page 6: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

4 5

Key features of the ITP Regulations:

I. Eligibility criteria:

lNo past action by Authority:

The promoters, directors or

group company of the SME and

the SME itself should not be in

the list of wilful defaulters of

RBI. No winding up petition

against the SME should have

been admitted by a competent

court. The group companies or

subsidiaries of the SME and the

SME itself should not have been

referred to the Board for

I n d u s t r i a l a n d F i n a n c i a l

Reconstruction within a period

of five years prior to the date of

application. Also, no regulatory

action should have been taken

against the SME, its promoter

or director, by the prescribed

regulatory authority within a

period of five years prior to the

date of application;

lAudited Statements: The SME

should have at least one full

y e a r ' s a u d i t e d f i n a n c i a l

statements for the immediately

preceding financial year and

should not have completed a

period of more than ten years

since incorporation;

lRevenue of SME: The revenue

of the SME should not exceed

Rs. 1,000,000,000 (Rupees One

Billion Only) in any of the

previous financial years and the

paid-up capital of the SME

s h o u l d n o t e x c e e d I N R

250,000,000 (Rupees Two

Hundred Fifty Million Only) in

any of the previous financial

years; and

lMinimum Investments: SME is

required to meet any one of the

following criteria - (i) at least

one alternative investment

fund, venture capital fund or

o t h e r c a t e g o r y o f

8. SELF-REGULATORY

ORGANIZATION

REGULATIONS, 2013

INTRODUCED AND

ENACTED

9. FINANCING OF

"INFRASTRUCTURE

LENDING" SCOPE EXTENDED

SEBI by its circulars dated 7 January

2013 and 8 January 2013 have

introduced and enacted the Securities

and Exchange Board Of India (Self

R e g u l a t o r y O r g a n i z a t i o n s )

(Amendment) Regulations, 2013

("Regulations") which shall be

applicable to distributors engaged by

asset management companies of

mutual funds and distributors

engaged by portfolio managers from

8 January 2013.

The highlights of the Regulations

include the following:

i. New Definitions: New definitions

of "distributor" and "issuer" have

been introduced.

ii. I n t e r m e d i a r y : T h e e x i s t i n g

definition of "Intermediary" has

been substituted with a new

definition wherein an intermediary

will be as defined under the SEBI

(Intermediaries) Regulations,

2008 to now include asset

management companies within

the scope of the definition and will

exclude foreign institutional

investors, foreign venture capital

investors and mutual funds.

iii. D i s t r i b u t o r d e e m e d t o b e

Intermediary: For the purposes of

registration as a self regulatory

organization, a distributor is also

deemed to be an intermediary.

The RBI by its notification dated

November 29, 2013 has widened

the ambit of the Infrastructure

sub- sectors to include the

following:

1956 will rather apply then Section 186

of the New Companies Act, 2013

("New Act") until the section of the

New Act is notified. This query had

arisen in light of the fact that of the 98

notified sections Section 185 was one

of them but Section 186 was not and

whether it was the old act or the

corresponding provision in the new

one which had to be complied with.

MCA has clarified that the shares held

by a company or power exercisable by

it in another company in a 'fiduciary

capacity' shall not be counted for the

purpose of determining the holding-

subsidiary relationship in terms of the

provision of section 2(87) of the

Companies Act, 2013.

For the purpose of simplifying the

process of opening an account for

trading as well as a demat account, the

RBI by its circular dated December

2013 replaced the existing Beneficial

O w ne r - De p os i t ory Part i c i p ant

A g r e e m e n t s w i t h a c o m m o n

document namely the "Rights and

Obligations of the Beneficial Owner

a n d D e p o s i t o r y P a r t i c i p a n t "

("Document"). This will not only

harmonize the account opening

process but also rationalize the

number of signatures that the

investor is required to affix.

The DP has to provide a copy of the

Document to the beneficial owner and

has to ensure that any other voluntary

document executed is not conflicting

with the regulations and guidelines

prescribed by SEBI or such other

regulator.

CLARIFICATION WITH REGARD

TO HOLDING OF SHARES OR

EXERCISING POWER IN A

FIDUCIARY CAPACITY

7. SIMPLIFICATION OF DEMAT

ACCOUNT OPENING

PROCESS

i. Hotels with project cost of more

than Rs.200 crores each in any

place in India and of any star

rating; and

ii. Convention Centres with project

cost of more than Rs.300 crores

each.

1. Mutual Funds permitted to hold

Gold Certificates in physical form

The SEBI by its circular dated

October 18, 2013 has now allowed

mutual funds to hold Gold

certificates issued by banks in

respect of investments made by

Gold ETFs in Gold Deposit Scheme

in physical form as well. Earlier,

they were allowed to be held in

only dematerialised form.

2. SEBI allows direct listing of SME

on ITP

The SEBI has by its circular dated

October 24, 2013 allowed small

and medium enterprises to list

their securities without an Initial

Public Offering (IPO). It has

notified the SEBI (Listing of

Specified Securities on

Institutional Trading Platform)

Regulations, 2013 (ITP

Regulations) as a new Chapter to

the SEBI (Issue of Capital and

Disclosure Requirements)

Regulations, 2009 (ICDR

Regulations).

public financial institution as

defined under section 4A of the

Companies Act, 1956 must have

invested in its equity capital.

II. Process of Listing:

lInformation document: An

application to a recognised

stock exchange along with an

i n f o r m a t i o n d o c u m e n t

containing certain specific

disclosures relating to, inter

alia, description of business,

specified financial information,

r i s k f a c t o r s , a s s e t s a n d

properties, ownership of

beneficial owners, details of

directors, executive officers,

p r o m o t e r s a n d l e g a l

proceedings.

lRestriction on further issue of

securities: Listing of specified

securities on the ITP cannot be

accompanied by any issue of

securities to the public in any

manner. Further, the SME

cannot undertake an IPO while

its specified securities are listed

on the ITP.

III. Capital raising

The SME listed on ITP may raise

capital through private placement

or rights issue without an option

for renunciation of rights. Before

raising money through private

placement, SME should procure an

in-principle approval from the

investors/lenders approved by

SEBI should have invested a

minimum amount of INR

5,000,000 (Rupees Five Million

Only) in its equity shares; (ii) at

least one angel investor who is a

member of an association or

group of angel investors should

have invested a minimum

amount of INR 5,000,000

(Rupee s Five Million Only) in its

equity shares; (iii) the SME

should have received finance

from a scheduled bank for its

project financing or working

capital requirements and a

period of three years should

have passed from the date of

such financing and the funds so

received have been ful ly

util ized; (iv) a registered

merchant banker should have

exercised due diligence and has

invested not less than Rs.

5,000,000 (Rupees Five Million

Only) in its equity shares which

shall be locked in for a period of

three years from the date of

l i s t i n g ; ( v ) a q u a l i f i e d

institutional buyer should have

invested not less than INR

5,000,000 (Rupees Five Million

Only) in its equity shares which

shall be locked in for a period of

three years from the date of

listing; or (vi) a specialized

internat ional mult i lateral

agency or domestic agency or a

Page 7: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

4 5

Key features of the ITP Regulations:

I. Eligibility criteria:

lNo past action by Authority:

The promoters, directors or

group company of the SME and

the SME itself should not be in

the list of wilful defaulters of

RBI. No winding up petition

against the SME should have

been admitted by a competent

court. The group companies or

subsidiaries of the SME and the

SME itself should not have been

referred to the Board for

I n d u s t r i a l a n d F i n a n c i a l

Reconstruction within a period

of five years prior to the date of

application. Also, no regulatory

action should have been taken

against the SME, its promoter

or director, by the prescribed

regulatory authority within a

period of five years prior to the

date of application;

lAudited Statements: The SME

should have at least one full

y e a r ' s a u d i t e d f i n a n c i a l

statements for the immediately

preceding financial year and

should not have completed a

period of more than ten years

since incorporation;

lRevenue of SME: The revenue

of the SME should not exceed

Rs. 1,000,000,000 (Rupees One

Billion Only) in any of the

previous financial years and the

paid-up capital of the SME

s h o u l d n o t e x c e e d I N R

250,000,000 (Rupees Two

Hundred Fifty Million Only) in

any of the previous financial

years; and

lMinimum Investments: SME is

required to meet any one of the

following criteria - (i) at least

one alternative investment

fund, venture capital fund or

o t h e r c a t e g o r y o f

8. SELF-REGULATORY

ORGANIZATION

REGULATIONS, 2013

INTRODUCED AND

ENACTED

9. FINANCING OF

"INFRASTRUCTURE

LENDING" SCOPE EXTENDED

SEBI by its circulars dated 7 January

2013 and 8 January 2013 have

introduced and enacted the Securities

and Exchange Board Of India (Self

R e g u l a t o r y O r g a n i z a t i o n s )

(Amendment) Regulations, 2013

("Regulations") which shall be

applicable to distributors engaged by

asset management companies of

mutual funds and distributors

engaged by portfolio managers from

8 January 2013.

The highlights of the Regulations

include the following:

i. New Definitions: New definitions

of "distributor" and "issuer" have

been introduced.

ii. I n t e r m e d i a r y : T h e e x i s t i n g

definition of "Intermediary" has

been substituted with a new

definition wherein an intermediary

will be as defined under the SEBI

(Intermediaries) Regulations,

2008 to now include asset

management companies within

the scope of the definition and will

exclude foreign institutional

investors, foreign venture capital

investors and mutual funds.

iii. D i s t r i b u t o r d e e m e d t o b e

Intermediary: For the purposes of

registration as a self regulatory

organization, a distributor is also

deemed to be an intermediary.

The RBI by its notification dated

November 29, 2013 has widened

the ambit of the Infrastructure

sub- sectors to include the

following:

1956 will rather apply then Section 186

of the New Companies Act, 2013

("New Act") until the section of the

New Act is notified. This query had

arisen in light of the fact that of the 98

notified sections Section 185 was one

of them but Section 186 was not and

whether it was the old act or the

corresponding provision in the new

one which had to be complied with.

MCA has clarified that the shares held

by a company or power exercisable by

it in another company in a 'fiduciary

capacity' shall not be counted for the

purpose of determining the holding-

subsidiary relationship in terms of the

provision of section 2(87) of the

Companies Act, 2013.

For the purpose of simplifying the

process of opening an account for

trading as well as a demat account, the

RBI by its circular dated December

2013 replaced the existing Beneficial

O w ne r - De pos i t ory Part i c i pant

A g r e e m e n t s w i t h a c o m m o n

document namely the "Rights and

Obligations of the Beneficial Owner

a n d D e p o s i t o r y P a r t i c i p a n t "

("Document"). This will not only

harmonize the account opening

process but also rationalize the

number of signatures that the

investor is required to affix.

The DP has to provide a copy of the

Document to the beneficial owner and

has to ensure that any other voluntary

document executed is not conflicting

with the regulations and guidelines

prescribed by SEBI or such other

regulator.

CLARIFICATION WITH REGARD

TO HOLDING OF SHARES OR

EXERCISING POWER IN A

FIDUCIARY CAPACITY

7. SIMPLIFICATION OF DEMAT

ACCOUNT OPENING

PROCESS

i. Hotels with project cost of more

than Rs.200 crores each in any

place in India and of any star

rating; and

ii. Convention Centres with project

cost of more than Rs.300 crores

each.

1. Mutual Funds permitted to hold

Gold Certificates in physical form

The SEBI by its circular dated

October 18, 2013 has now allowed

mutual funds to hold Gold

certificates issued by banks in

respect of investments made by

Gold ETFs in Gold Deposit Scheme

in physical form as well. Earlier,

they were allowed to be held in

only dematerialised form.

2. SEBI allows direct listing of SME

on ITP

The SEBI has by its circular dated

October 24, 2013 allowed small

and medium enterprises to list

their securities without an Initial

Public Offering (IPO). It has

notified the SEBI (Listing of

Specified Securities on

Institutional Trading Platform)

Regulations, 2013 (ITP

Regulations) as a new Chapter to

the SEBI (Issue of Capital and

Disclosure Requirements)

Regulations, 2009 (ICDR

Regulations).

public financial institution as

defined under section 4A of the

Companies Act, 1956 must have

invested in its equity capital.

II. Process of Listing:

lInformation document: An

application to a recognised

stock exchange along with an

i n f o r m a t i o n d o c u m e n t

containing certain specific

disclosures relating to, inter

alia, description of business,

specified financial information,

r i s k f a c t o r s , a s s e t s a n d

properties, ownership of

beneficial owners, details of

directors, executive officers,

p r o m o t e r s a n d l e g a l

proceedings.

lRestriction on further issue of

securities: Listing of specified

securities on the ITP cannot be

accompanied by any issue of

securities to the public in any

manner. Further, the SME

cannot undertake an IPO while

its specified securities are listed

on the ITP.

III. Capital raising

The SME listed on ITP may raise

capital through private placement

or rights issue without an option

for renunciation of rights. Before

raising money through private

placement, SME should procure an

in-principle approval from the

investors/lenders approved by

SEBI should have invested a

minimum amount of INR

5,000,000 (Rupees Five Million

Only) in its equity shares; (ii) at

least one angel investor who is a

member of an association or

group of angel investors should

have invested a minimum

amount of INR 5,000,000

(Rupee s Five Million Only) in its

equity shares; (iii) the SME

should have received finance

from a scheduled bank for its

project financing or working

capital requirements and a

period of three years should

have passed from the date of

such financing and the funds so

received have been ful ly

util ized; (iv) a registered

merchant banker should have

exercised due diligence and has

invested not less than Rs.

5,000,000 (Rupees Five Million

Only) in its equity shares which

shall be locked in for a period of

three years from the date of

l i s t i n g ; ( v ) a q u a l i f i e d

institutional buyer should have

invested not less than INR

5,000,000 (Rupees Five Million

Only) in its equity shares which

shall be locked in for a period of

three years from the date of

listing; or (vi) a specialized

internat ional mult i lateral

agency or domestic agency or a

Page 8: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

6 7

II. Withdrawal of requirement

to upload bids on date-time

priority effective from

November 1, 2013 : In light of

the operational difficulties

being faced for making

allotment on date-time

priority basis, it has been

decided that the allotment in

the public issue of debt

securities should be made on

the basis of date of upload of

each application into the

electronic book of the stock

exchange. However, on the

date of oversubscription, the

allotments should be made

t o t h e a p p l i c a n t s o n

proportionate basis.

III. Disclosure of unaudited

financials with l imited

review report effective from

November 1, 2013: To avoid

hardships to frequent debt

issuers, listed issuers who are

in compliance with the listing

agreement, may disclose

unaudited financials with

limited review report in the

offer document, as filed with

the stock exchanges in

accordance with the listing

agreement, instead of

audited financials, for the

stub period, subject to

m a k i n g n e c e s s a r y

disclosures in this regard in

offer document including

risk factors.

IV. Disclosure of contact details

of Debenture Trustees in

Annual Report effective

from December 1, 2013: To

enable investors to forward

their grievances to the

debenture trustee, the

Listing Agreement for Debt

Securities has been amended

by inserting a clause which

requires that the companies,

which have listed their debt

securities, have to disclose

the name of the debenture

trustees with contact details

in their annual report and on

an ongoing basis, on their

website.

RBI UPDATES

1. RBI releases framework for setting

up of Wholly Owned Subsidiaries

by Foreign Banks in India

On the principles of reciprocity and

single mode of presence, the RBI on

November 6, 2013 released a policy

framework for setting up of Wholly

Owned Subsidiaries (WOS) by

foreign banks in India.

Overview of the Policy: The policy

gives the WOS's a treatment almost

at par with the national banks along

with providing incentives to those

which contribute to the Indian

economy. Measures have been

incorporated to contain the

expansion of the foreign banks

along with ensuring corporate

governance compliance.

Main Features of the Framework:

lInitial minimum paid-up capital or

minimum net worth for a WOS:

Initial minimum paid up voting

equity capital to be Rs. 5 billion for

new entrants. a minimum net worth

of Rs.5 billion in case of existing

foreign banks desiring to convert

into WOS.

l

m o d e : B a n k s w i t h c o m p l e x

structures, which do not provide

adequate disclosure in their home

jurisdiction, which are not widely

held, banks giving a preferential

claim to depositors of home country

in a winding up proceedings would

be permitted entry in India only

through the WOS mode.

lContinue as branches: Foreign

banks having commenced banking

business in India before August 2010

shall have the option to continue

their banking business through the

branch mode. However the nearly

national bank treatment incentive

would be given in case of the branch

converting into a WOS.

lR e s t r i c t i o n s o n f u r t h e r

entry/capital infusion: Setting up of

additional WOSs will be restricted

when the capital and reserves of the

WOSs and foreign bank branches in

India exceed 20% of the capital and

reserves of the banking system.

Banks allowed entry only in WOS

l

letter of comfort to be issued by the

parent to the RBI stating that it

would meet the liabilities of its

WOS.

lBoard Composition - (i) not less

than 2/3rd of the directors should be

non-executive directors; (ii) a

minimum of 1/3rd of the directors

should be independent of the

management of the subsidiary in

India, its parent or associates; (iii)

not less than 50% of the directors

s h o u l d b e I n d i a n n a t i o n a l s

/NRIs/PIOs.

lParental guarantee/ credit rating:

On arm's length basis the WOS

would be permitted to use parental

guarantee/ credit rating, for the

purpose of providing custodial

services and for their international

operations. However, the WOS

should not provide counter

guarantee to its parent for such

support.

lDiluting stake to 74% or less: WOSs

may, at their option, dilute their

stake to 74 per cent or less in

Parent to meet liability of WOS: A

time to the SME to delist from the

platform on occurrence of the

e v e n t s s p e c i f i e d i n t h i s

paragraph.

VI. Non-applicability of the Takeover

C o d e a n d t h e D e l i s t i n g

R e g u l a t i o n s : T h e S E B I

(Substantial Acquisition of Shares

and Takeovers) Regulations, 2011

(Takeover Code) shall not apply

to direct and indirect acquisition

of shares or voting rights in, or

control over, a company listed on

the ITP of a recognised stock

exchange. Similarly, the SEBI

(Delisting of Equity Shares)

Regulations, 2009 (Delisting

Regulations) shall not apply to

securities listed on the ITP of a

recognised stock exchange.

The ITP Regulations will enable

angel investors and venture

capital ists to explore this

opportunity and thereby seek an

easy and efficient exit and will

encourage a number of start-ups

and SMEs to explore the option of

getting their specified securities

listed on the ITP.

3. P R O C E D U R E F O R

TRANSMISSION OF SECURITIES

SIMPLIFIED

SEBI has by its circular dated

O c t o b e r 2 8 , 2 0 1 3 i s s u e d

guidelines for Share Transfer

Agents (STAs)/issuer companies

and depositories to make the

process for transmission of

securities efficient and investor

friendly.

lHighlights of the Guidelines:

vSecurities held in demat

form: In case of transmission

of securities held in demat

form and not having a

n o m i n e e t h e e x i s t i n g

threshold limit for such

account has been revised

from Rs. 1,00,000 (Rupees

One lakh only) to Rs.

5,00,000 (Rupees Five lakh

only).

vSecurities held in physical

form: In case of transmission

of securities held in a single

name with a nominee or

without a nominee for a

threshold l imit of Rs .

2,00,000 (Rupees Two lakh

only) per issuer company,

the company is transmit the

securities in accordance with

the rules as prescribed with

the guidelines. The issuer

c o m p a n y m a y i n i t s

discretion enhance the value

of the securities.

lRight of Nomination: STAs and

R e g i s t r a r s t o p u b l i c i z e

nomination as an additional

right available to investors.

4. I S S U E S P E R T A I N I N G T O

PRIMARY ISSUANCE OF DEBT

SECURITIES RESOLVED

The SEBI by its circular dated

October 29, 2013 has addressed

several issues relating to issuance

of debt securities which are as

follows:

I. D i s c l o s u r e a n d

standardization of Cash

F l o w s e f f e c t i v e f r o m

December 1, 2013: The cash

flows emanating from the

debt securities shall be

m e n t i o n e d i n t h e

P r o s p e c t u s / D i s c l o s u r e

Document, by way of an

illustration. Further, it has

also been decided that if the

coupon payment date and

redemption date of the debt

securities, is falling on a

Sunday or a holiday, it shall

be made on the next working

day or on the previous

working day respectively.

recognised stock exchange and

also a shareholders approval by

s p e c i a l r e s o l u t i o n a n d

subsequently the allotment of

securities has to be completed

within two months of obtaining

such approval. Such an in-principle

approval from the recognised

stock exchange is also required

prior to a rights issue.

IV. Lock-in of promoter shareholding

At least 20% of the post listing

capital is required to be held by the

promoters of the SME which shall

be locked-in for a period of three

years from the date of listing on the

ITP.

Ticket size: The minimum trading lot

on the ITP has been set at INR

1,000,000 (Rupees One Million

Only).

V. Exit from the ITP

lSME listed on the ITP may exit

from it if: (i) its shareholders

approve such exit through a

special resolution with 90% of

total votes and the majority of

non-promoter votes in favour of

such proposal; (ii) the recognised

stock exchange where its shares

are listed approves such exit.

lFurther, an SME listed on the ITP

shall exit from it if: (i) the

specified securities have been

listed on ITP for a period of ten

years; (ii) the SME has paid-up

capita l of more than INR

250,000,000 (Rupees Two

Hundred Fifty Million Only); (iii)

the SME has revenue of more

than INR 3,000,000,000 (Rupees

Three Billion Only) as per the last

audited financial statement; or

( i v ) t h e S M E h a s m a r k e t

capitalization of more than INR

5,000,000,000 (Rupees Five

Billion Only). However, the stock

exchange may grant 18 months'

Page 9: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

6 7

II. Withdrawal of requirement

to upload bids on date-time

priority effective from

November 1, 2013 : In light of

the operational difficulties

being faced for making

allotment on date-time

priority basis, it has been

decided that the allotment in

the public issue of debt

securities should be made on

the basis of date of upload of

each application into the

electronic book of the stock

exchange. However, on the

date of oversubscription, the

allotments should be made

t o t h e a p p l i c a n t s o n

proportionate basis.

III. Disclosure of unaudited

financials with l imited

review report effective from

November 1, 2013: To avoid

hardships to frequent debt

issuers, listed issuers who are

in compliance with the listing

agreement, may disclose

unaudited financials with

limited review report in the

offer document, as filed with

the stock exchanges in

accordance with the listing

agreement, instead of

audited financials, for the

stub period, subject to

m a k i n g n e c e s s a r y

disclosures in this regard in

offer document including

risk factors.

IV. Disclosure of contact details

of Debenture Trustees in

Annual Report effective

from December 1, 2013: To

enable investors to forward

their grievances to the

debenture trustee, the

Listing Agreement for Debt

Securities has been amended

by inserting a clause which

requires that the companies,

which have listed their debt

securities, have to disclose

the name of the debenture

trustees with contact details

in their annual report and on

an ongoing basis, on their

website.

RBI UPDATES

1. RBI releases framework for setting

up of Wholly Owned Subsidiaries

by Foreign Banks in India

On the principles of reciprocity and

single mode of presence, the RBI on

November 6, 2013 released a policy

framework for setting up of Wholly

Owned Subsidiaries (WOS) by

foreign banks in India.

Overview of the Policy: The policy

gives the WOS's a treatment almost

at par with the national banks along

with providing incentives to those

which contribute to the Indian

economy. Measures have been

incorporated to contain the

expansion of the foreign banks

along with ensuring corporate

governance compliance.

Main Features of the Framework:

lInitial minimum paid-up capital or

minimum net worth for a WOS:

Initial minimum paid up voting

equity capital to be Rs. 5 billion for

new entrants. a minimum net worth

of Rs.5 billion in case of existing

foreign banks desiring to convert

into WOS.

l

m o d e : B a n k s w i t h c o m p l e x

structures, which do not provide

adequate disclosure in their home

jurisdiction, which are not widely

held, banks giving a preferential

claim to depositors of home country

in a winding up proceedings would

be permitted entry in India only

through the WOS mode.

lContinue as branches: Foreign

banks having commenced banking

business in India before August 2010

shall have the option to continue

their banking business through the

branch mode. However the nearly

national bank treatment incentive

would be given in case of the branch

converting into a WOS.

lR e s t r i c t i o n s o n f u r t h e r

entry/capital infusion: Setting up of

additional WOSs will be restricted

when the capital and reserves of the

WOSs and foreign bank branches in

India exceed 20% of the capital and

reserves of the banking system.

Banks allowed entry only in WOS

l

letter of comfort to be issued by the

parent to the RBI stating that it

would meet the liabilities of its

WOS.

lBoard Composition - (i) not less

than 2/3rd of the directors should be

non-executive directors; (ii) a

minimum of 1/3rd of the directors

should be independent of the

management of the subsidiary in

India, its parent or associates; (iii)

not less than 50% of the directors

s h o u l d b e I n d i a n n a t i o n a l s

/NRIs/PIOs.

lParental guarantee/ credit rating:

On arm's length basis the WOS

would be permitted to use parental

guarantee/ credit rating, for the

purpose of providing custodial

services and for their international

operations. However, the WOS

should not provide counter

guarantee to its parent for such

support.

lDiluting stake to 74% or less: WOSs

may, at their option, dilute their

stake to 74 per cent or less in

Parent to meet liability of WOS: A

time to the SME to delist from the

platform on occurrence of the

e v e n t s s p e c i f i e d i n t h i s

paragraph.

VI. Non-applicability of the Takeover

C o d e a n d t h e D e l i s t i n g

R e g u l a t i o n s : T h e S E B I

(Substantial Acquisition of Shares

and Takeovers) Regulations, 2011

(Takeover Code) shall not apply

to direct and indirect acquisition

of shares or voting rights in, or

control over, a company listed on

the ITP of a recognised stock

exchange. Similarly, the SEBI

(Delisting of Equity Shares)

Regulations, 2009 (Delisting

Regulations) shall not apply to

securities listed on the ITP of a

recognised stock exchange.

The ITP Regulations will enable

angel investors and venture

capital ists to explore this

opportunity and thereby seek an

easy and efficient exit and will

encourage a number of start-ups

and SMEs to explore the option of

getting their specified securities

listed on the ITP.

3. P R O C E D U R E F O R

TRANSMISSION OF SECURITIES

SIMPLIFIED

SEBI has by its circular dated

O c t o b e r 2 8 , 2 0 1 3 i s s u e d

guidelines for Share Transfer

Agents (STAs)/issuer companies

and depositories to make the

process for transmission of

securities efficient and investor

friendly.

lHighlights of the Guidelines:

vSecurities held in demat

form: In case of transmission

of securities held in demat

form and not having a

n o m i n e e t h e e x i s t i n g

threshold limit for such

account has been revised

from Rs. 1,00,000 (Rupees

One lakh only) to Rs.

5,00,000 (Rupees Five lakh

only).

vSecurities held in physical

form: In case of transmission

of securities held in a single

name with a nominee or

without a nominee for a

threshold l imit of Rs .

2,00,000 (Rupees Two lakh

only) per issuer company,

the company is transmit the

securities in accordance with

the rules as prescribed with

the guidelines. The issuer

c o m p a n y m a y i n i t s

discretion enhance the value

of the securities.

lRight of Nomination: STAs and

R e g i s t r a r s t o p u b l i c i z e

nomination as an additional

right available to investors.

4. I S S U E S P E R T A I N I N G T O

PRIMARY ISSUANCE OF DEBT

SECURITIES RESOLVED

The SEBI by its circular dated

October 29, 2013 has addressed

several issues relating to issuance

of debt securities which are as

follows:

I. D i s c l o s u r e a n d

standardization of Cash

F l o w s e f f e c t i v e f r o m

December 1, 2013: The cash

flows emanating from the

debt securities shall be

m e n t i o n e d i n t h e

P r o s p e c t u s / D i s c l o s u r e

Document, by way of an

illustration. Further, it has

also been decided that if the

coupon payment date and

redemption date of the debt

securities, is falling on a

Sunday or a holiday, it shall

be made on the next working

day or on the previous

working day respectively.

recognised stock exchange and

also a shareholders approval by

s p e c i a l r e s o l u t i o n a n d

subsequently the allotment of

securities has to be completed

within two months of obtaining

such approval. Such an in-principle

approval from the recognised

stock exchange is also required

prior to a rights issue.

IV. Lock-in of promoter shareholding

At least 20% of the post listing

capital is required to be held by the

promoters of the SME which shall

be locked-in for a period of three

years from the date of listing on the

ITP.

Ticket size: The minimum trading lot

on the ITP has been set at INR

1,000,000 (Rupees One Million

Only).

V. Exit from the ITP

lSME listed on the ITP may exit

from it if: (i) its shareholders

approve such exit through a

special resolution with 90% of

total votes and the majority of

non-promoter votes in favour of

such proposal; (ii) the recognised

stock exchange where its shares

are listed approves such exit.

lFurther, an SME listed on the ITP

shall exit from it if: (i) the

specified securities have been

listed on ITP for a period of ten

years; (ii) the SME has paid-up

capita l of more than INR

250,000,000 (Rupees Two

Hundred Fifty Million Only); (iii)

the SME has revenue of more

than INR 3,000,000,000 (Rupees

Three Billion Only) as per the last

audited financial statement; or

( i v ) t h e S M E h a s m a r k e t

capitalization of more than INR

5,000,000,000 (Rupees Five

Billion Only). However, the stock

exchange may grant 18 months'

Page 10: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

8 9

available information" (essentially,

i n f o r m a t i o n t o w h i c h n o n -

discriminatory public access would

be available). A list of types of

information that may ordinarily be

regarded as pr ice sens i t ive

information has also been provided.

4 Trading in listed securities when in

possession of UPSI would be

prohibited except in certain

s i t u a t i o n s p r o v i d e d i n t h e

regulations.

5 Insiders who are liable to possess

UPSI all round the year would have

the option to formulate pre-

scheduled trading plans. In such

cases, the new UPSI that may come

into their possession without

having been with them when

formulating the plan would not

impede their ability to trade.

Trading plans would, however, be

required to be disclosed to the stock

exchanges and have to be strictly

adhered to.

6 Conducting due diligence on listed

companies would be permissible for

purposes of transactions entailing

an obligation to make an open offer

under the Takeover Regulations. In

all other cases, due diligence would

be permissible subject to making

t h e d i l i g e n c e f i n d i n g s t h a t

constitute UPSI generally available

prior to the proposed trading. In all

cases, the board of directors would

need to opine that permitting the

conduct of due diligence is in the

best interests of the company, and

would a lso have to ensure

execution of non-disclosure and

non-dealing agreements.

7 Trades by promoters, employees,

directors and their immediate

relatives would need to be disclosed

internally to the company. Trades

within a calendar quarter of a value

beyond Rs. 10 lakhs or such other

amount as SEBI may specify, would

be required to be disclosed to the

stock exchanges.

8 Every entity that has issued

securities which are listed on a stock

exchange or which are intended to

be so listed would be required to

formulate and publish a Code of Fair

Disclosure governing disclosure of

events and circumstances that

would impact price discovery of its

securities.

9 Every listed company and market

intermediary i s required to

formulate a Code of Conduct to

regulate, monitor and report

t rad ing in secur i t ies by i ts

employees and other connected

persons. All other persons such as

auditors, law firms, accountancy

firms, analysts, consultants etc.

who handle UPSI in the course of

business operations may formulate

a code of conduct and the existence

of such a code would evidence the

ser iousness with which the

organization treats compliance

requirements.

10Companies would be entitled to

require third-party connected

persons who are not employees to

disclose their trading and holdings

in securities of the company.

APPOINTMENTS

l

l

l

l

l

l

l

Ms Usha Ananthasubramanian has been appointed as CMD of Bharatiya Mahila Bank

Mr Deepak Kapoor has been appointed as India Chairman, PwC

Mr Ajit Prakash Shah has been appointed as Chairman of Law Commission of India

Mr Nitish Kapoor has been appointed as Managing Director, Reckitt Benckiser India

M r N e e r a j S a h a i h a s b e e n appointed as President, Standard & Poor's Ratings Services

Ms Arundhati Bhattacharya has been appointed as Managing Director, SBI

M r M i k e Ye a g e r h a s b e e n appointed as Chairman, Cairn India

l

l

l

l

l

l

Mr P Madhusudan appointed as CMD, Rashtriya Ispat Nigam

Ms Sushma Singh has been appointed as Chief Information Commissioner (CIC), India

Mr Sumit Bose has been appointed as Finance Secretary, Finance Ministry, GOI

Mr D Shivakumar has been appointed as CEO, PepsiCo India

Mr Shaktikanta Das has been appointed as Special Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs, GOI

Mr C V R Rajendran has been appointed as Chairman and Managing Director, Andhra Bank

l

l

l

l

l

Ms Usha Sangwan has been appointed as Managing Director, LIC

Mr P. K. Malhotra has been appointed as Secretary (Additional Charge), Department of Legal Affairs, Ministry of Law and Justice, GOI

Mr Pradeep Kumar has been appointed as Managing Director (Corporate Banking), SBI

Mr P Madhusudan has been appointed as Chairman and Managing Director, Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited (RINL)

Ms Sunita Sharma has been appointed as MD & CEO of LIC Housing Finance Ltd

ADRs/GDRs shall be as prescribed by Government of India;

lThe capital raised abroad could be utilised for retiring outstanding overseas debt or for bona fide operations abroad including for acquisitions;

lIn case the funds raised are not utilised as stipulated, the company shall repatriate the funds to India within 15 days and such money shall be deposited only with AD Category-I banks and will be used for eligible purposes;

3. Waiver of NOC requirement under Foreign Direct Investment in Financial Sector - Transfer of Shares

The RBI by its Circular dated November 11, 2013 has decided to waive the requirement of NoC(s) to be filed along with form FC-TRS in case of transfer of shares from Residents to Non-Residents where the investee company is in the financial services sector. However, any 'fit and proper/ due diligence' requirement as regards the non-resident investor as stipulated by the respective financial sector regulator shall have to be complied with.

4. Foreign investment in India - participation by SEBI registered FIIs, QFIs and SEBI registered long term investors in credit enhanced bonds

The RBI by its circular dated November 11, 2013 has now permitted Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs), Qualified Foreign Investors (QFIs) and long term investors registered with SEBI, Multilateral Agencies, Pension/ Insurance/ Endowment Funds, foreign Central Banks to invest in the credit enhanced bonds up to a limit of USD 5 billion within the overall limit of USD 51 billion earmarked for corporate debt.

Justice Sodhi Committee on Insider Trading Regulations submits report to SEBI

The High Level Committee to Review the SEBI (Prohibition of Insider T r a d i n g ) R e g u l a t i o n s , 1 9 9 2 constituted under the Chairmanship of Justice (Shri.) N.K. Sodhi, former chief justice of Karnataka and Kerala High Courts and former presiding officer of the Securities Appellate Tribunal, submitted its report to SEBI Chairman, Shri U.K. Sinha, on December 7, 2013 at Chandigarh.

The Committee has made a range of recommendations to the legal framework for prohibition of insider trading in India and has focused on making this area of regulation more predictable, precise and clear by s u g g e s t i n g a c o m b i n a t i o n o f principles-based regulations and rules that are backed by principles. The Committee has also suggested that each regulatory provision may be backed by a note on legislative intent.

Some of the salient features of the proposed regulations are set out below:-

1 While enlarging the definition of "insider", the term "connected person" has been defined more clearly and immediate relatives are presumed to be connected persons, w i t h a r i g h t t o r e b u t t h e presumption. The term "immediate relative" would cover close relatives w h o a r e e i t h e r f i n a n c i a l l y dependent or consult an insider in c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t r a d i n g i n securities.

2 Insiders would be prohibited from communicating, providing or allowing access to UPSI unless required for discharge of duties or for compliance with law.

3 The regulations would bring greater

c lar i ty on what const i tutes

"unpublished price sensit ive

information" ("UPSI") by defining

what const itutes "general ly

accordance with the existing FDI

policy. In the event of dilution, they

would have to list themselves.

l The issue of permitting WOSs to enter into M&A transactions with any private sector bank in India would be considered after a review of the extent of foreign investment in Indian banks and functioning of foreign banks in India.

2. Amendment to the existing policy for issue of shares by unlisted Indian companies

The RBI by its Circular dated November 8, 2013 has allowed unlisted Indian companies to raise capital abroad by accessing the Global Depository Receipts/ Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds route for a period of 2 years subject to the conditions stated in the said circular.

Conditions for Investment:

lUnlisted Indian companies are required to list abroad only on e x c h a n g e s i n I O S C O / F A T F compliant jurisdictions or those jurisdictions with which SEBI has signed bilateral agreements;

lThe issuing of ADRs/ GDRs shall be subject to the sectoral cap, entry route, minimum capitalisation norms, pricing norms, etc. as per the notified FDI regulations;

lThe number of underlying equity shares offered for issuance of ADRs/GDRs to be kept with the local custodian shall be determined upfront and ratio of ADRs/GDRs to equity shares shall be decided upfront based on applicable FDI pricing norms of equity shares of unlisted company;

lThe unlisted Indian company is required to comply with the instructions on downstream investment;

lThe criteria of eligibility of unlisted company raising funds through

M&A by WOS:

Page 11: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

8 9

available information" (essentially,

i n f o r m a t i o n t o w h i c h n o n -

discriminatory public access would

be available). A list of types of

information that may ordinarily be

regarded as pr ice sens i t ive

information has also been provided.

4 Trading in listed securities when in

possession of UPSI would be

prohibited except in certain

s i t u a t i o n s p r o v i d e d i n t h e

regulations.

5 Insiders who are liable to possess

UPSI all round the year would have

the option to formulate pre-

scheduled trading plans. In such

cases, the new UPSI that may come

into their possession without

having been with them when

formulating the plan would not

impede their ability to trade.

Trading plans would, however, be

required to be disclosed to the stock

exchanges and have to be strictly

adhered to.

6 Conducting due diligence on listed

companies would be permissible for

purposes of transactions entailing

an obligation to make an open offer

under the Takeover Regulations. In

all other cases, due diligence would

be permissible subject to making

t h e d i l i g e n c e f i n d i n g s t h a t

constitute UPSI generally available

prior to the proposed trading. In all

cases, the board of directors would

need to opine that permitting the

conduct of due diligence is in the

best interests of the company, and

would a lso have to ensure

execution of non-disclosure and

non-dealing agreements.

7 Trades by promoters, employees,

directors and their immediate

relatives would need to be disclosed

internally to the company. Trades

within a calendar quarter of a value

beyond Rs. 10 lakhs or such other

amount as SEBI may specify, would

be required to be disclosed to the

stock exchanges.

8 Every entity that has issued

securities which are listed on a stock

exchange or which are intended to

be so listed would be required to

formulate and publish a Code of Fair

Disclosure governing disclosure of

events and circumstances that

would impact price discovery of its

securities.

9 Every listed company and market

intermediary i s required to

formulate a Code of Conduct to

regulate, monitor and report

t rad ing in secur i t ies by i ts

employees and other connected

persons. All other persons such as

auditors, law firms, accountancy

firms, analysts, consultants etc.

who handle UPSI in the course of

business operations may formulate

a code of conduct and the existence

of such a code would evidence the

ser iousness with which the

organization treats compliance

requirements.

10Companies would be entitled to

require third-party connected

persons who are not employees to

disclose their trading and holdings

in securities of the company.

APPOINTMENTS

l

l

l

l

l

l

l

Ms Usha Ananthasubramanian has been appointed as CMD of Bharatiya Mahila Bank

Mr Deepak Kapoor has been appointed as India Chairman, PwC

Mr Ajit Prakash Shah has been appointed as Chairman of Law Commission of India

Mr Nitish Kapoor has been appointed as Managing Director, Reckitt Benckiser India

M r N e e r a j S a h a i h a s b e e n appointed as President, Standard & Poor's Ratings Services

Ms Arundhati Bhattacharya has been appointed as Managing Director, SBI

M r M i k e Ye a g e r h a s b e e n appointed as Chairman, Cairn India

l

l

l

l

l

l

Mr P Madhusudan appointed as CMD, Rashtriya Ispat Nigam

Ms Sushma Singh has been appointed as Chief Information Commissioner (CIC), India

Mr Sumit Bose has been appointed as Finance Secretary, Finance Ministry, GOI

Mr D Shivakumar has been appointed as CEO, PepsiCo India

Mr Shaktikanta Das has been appointed as Special Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs, GOI

Mr C V R Rajendran has been appointed as Chairman and Managing Director, Andhra Bank

l

l

l

l

l

Ms Usha Sangwan has been appointed as Managing Director, LIC

Mr P. K. Malhotra has been appointed as Secretary (Additional Charge), Department of Legal Affairs, Ministry of Law and Justice, GOI

Mr Pradeep Kumar has been appointed as Managing Director (Corporate Banking), SBI

Mr P Madhusudan has been appointed as Chairman and Managing Director, Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited (RINL)

Ms Sunita Sharma has been appointed as MD & CEO of LIC Housing Finance Ltd

ADRs/GDRs shall be as prescribed by Government of India;

lThe capital raised abroad could be utilised for retiring outstanding overseas debt or for bona fide operations abroad including for acquisitions;

lIn case the funds raised are not utilised as stipulated, the company shall repatriate the funds to India within 15 days and such money shall be deposited only with AD Category-I banks and will be used for eligible purposes;

3. Waiver of NOC requirement under Foreign Direct Investment in Financial Sector - Transfer of Shares

The RBI by its Circular dated November 11, 2013 has decided to waive the requirement of NoC(s) to be filed along with form FC-TRS in case of transfer of shares from Residents to Non-Residents where the investee company is in the financial services sector. However, any 'fit and proper/ due diligence' requirement as regards the non-resident investor as stipulated by the respective financial sector regulator shall have to be complied with.

4. Foreign investment in India - participation by SEBI registered FIIs, QFIs and SEBI registered long term investors in credit enhanced bonds

The RBI by its circular dated November 11, 2013 has now permitted Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs), Qualified Foreign Investors (QFIs) and long term investors registered with SEBI, Multilateral Agencies, Pension/ Insurance/ Endowment Funds, foreign Central Banks to invest in the credit enhanced bonds up to a limit of USD 5 billion within the overall limit of USD 51 billion earmarked for corporate debt.

Justice Sodhi Committee on Insider Trading Regulations submits report to SEBI

The High Level Committee to Review the SEBI (Prohibition of Insider T r a d i n g ) R e g u l a t i o n s , 1 9 9 2 constituted under the Chairmanship of Justice (Shri.) N.K. Sodhi, former chief justice of Karnataka and Kerala High Courts and former presiding officer of the Securities Appellate Tribunal, submitted its report to SEBI Chairman, Shri U.K. Sinha, on December 7, 2013 at Chandigarh.

The Committee has made a range of recommendations to the legal framework for prohibition of insider trading in India and has focused on making this area of regulation more predictable, precise and clear by s u g g e s t i n g a c o m b i n a t i o n o f principles-based regulations and rules that are backed by principles. The Committee has also suggested that each regulatory provision may be backed by a note on legislative intent.

Some of the salient features of the proposed regulations are set out below:-

1 While enlarging the definition of "insider", the term "connected person" has been defined more clearly and immediate relatives are presumed to be connected persons, w i t h a r i g h t t o r e b u t t h e presumption. The term "immediate relative" would cover close relatives w h o a r e e i t h e r f i n a n c i a l l y dependent or consult an insider in c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t r a d i n g i n securities.

2 Insiders would be prohibited from communicating, providing or allowing access to UPSI unless required for discharge of duties or for compliance with law.

3 The regulations would bring greater

c lar i ty on what const i tutes

"unpublished price sensit ive

information" ("UPSI") by defining

what const itutes "general ly

accordance with the existing FDI

policy. In the event of dilution, they

would have to list themselves.

l The issue of permitting WOSs to enter into M&A transactions with any private sector bank in India would be considered after a review of the extent of foreign investment in Indian banks and functioning of foreign banks in India.

2. Amendment to the existing policy for issue of shares by unlisted Indian companies

The RBI by its Circular dated November 8, 2013 has allowed unlisted Indian companies to raise capital abroad by accessing the Global Depository Receipts/ Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds route for a period of 2 years subject to the conditions stated in the said circular.

Conditions for Investment:

lUnlisted Indian companies are required to list abroad only on e x c h a n g e s i n I O S C O / F A T F compliant jurisdictions or those jurisdictions with which SEBI has signed bilateral agreements;

lThe issuing of ADRs/ GDRs shall be subject to the sectoral cap, entry route, minimum capitalisation norms, pricing norms, etc. as per the notified FDI regulations;

lThe number of underlying equity shares offered for issuance of ADRs/GDRs to be kept with the local custodian shall be determined upfront and ratio of ADRs/GDRs to equity shares shall be decided upfront based on applicable FDI pricing norms of equity shares of unlisted company;

lThe unlisted Indian company is required to comply with the instructions on downstream investment;

lThe criteria of eligibility of unlisted company raising funds through

M&A by WOS:

Page 12: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

10 11

Merger Review process

simplified- European

Commission

The European Commission (EC) has

announced rules to restructure

procedure for mergers which shall be

effective from 1 January, 2014. The

significant changes include bringing

more mergers under review and

significantly reducing the information

required for merger review by asking a

number of questions upfront.

The amendments introduced by the

new framework include changes at

two levels mainly being :

(i) R e g u l a t o r y F r a m e w o r k

Amendments: The regulatory

framework which governed the

mergers are eligible for review

under the simplified review

procedure wherein the now the

scope of mergers eligible for

review has been widened in cases

where the activities of the parties

overlap horizontally, and their

combined market share of

activities of parties constitute 20%

instead of the earlier 15% of the

market share; and in case their

activities overlapping vertically

and their market share is

constitutive of 30% instead of

earlier 25% of the aggregate

market share shall be subject to

review.

(ii) Procedural Amendments: the

regulat ions pertaining the

formalities (i.e. the filing and

i n f o r m a t i o n s u b m i t t i n g

requirements to be complied

with) for each of the mergers

under review. The amendments

have been designed primarily to

reduce the volume of information

required to be provided by the

p a r t i e s . A d d i t i o n a l l y , t h e

Commission now asks for certain

information upfront, so as to

reduce the number of questions it

has to ask the parties later on in

the review.

The amendments have also

permitted the parties to seek

waiver from the Commission in

respect of furnishing information

pertaining to (i) acquisitions

made during the last 3 years by

group undertakings active in

affected markets; (ii) estimates of

the total size of the market in

terms of sales value and volume;

and (iii) details of the most

i m p o r t a n t c o - o p e r a t i v e

agreements engaged in by the

parties to the concentration in

affected markets.

The package comprises amended

versions of the (i) Notice on

Simplified Procedure and (ii)

Commiss ion Implement ing

Regulation and its accompanying

Annex 1 (Form CO), Annex 2

(Short Form CO), and Annex 3

(Form RS).

The representatives of France and the

United States of America have on 14

November, 2013 signed a bilateral

Inter-Governmental Agreement (IGA)

intended to implement the Foreign

Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA)

which was a flagship legislation

introduced by the US in 2010 to

France and USA sign the FATCA

tax information

By :

GLOBAL

According to the Amendment, these

requirements on minimum registered

capital will be abolished, unless the

law, administrative regulations or

decisions of the State Council provide

otherwise for companies in certain

industrial sectors. Thus, theoretically

speaking, investors can now establish

a company with a registered capital of

one RMB.

On capital contributions, prior to the

Amendment, the investor of a

company had to contribute at least

20% (15% for FIEs) of the registered

capital within 3 months upon the

issuance of the first Business License

of the company and the remaining

amount had to be paid in within 2

years. According to the Amendment,

such deadlines for capital contribution

China amends company law

On 28 December 2013, the Standing

Committee of the People's Congress

adopted a resolution to approve the

Amendment to the PRC Company Law

("Amendment"). The Amendment will

become effective on 1 March 2014. It

refers to changes of the capital

contribution of companies in China

with the aim to ease the financial

burdens on investors for establishing

companies in China. According to the

current PRC Company Law, the

minimum registered capital of a

limited liability company shall be RMB

30,000 or RMB 100,000 (in case the

company is wholly owned by one

shareholder). For a company limited

by shares, the minimum registered

capital shall be RMB 5 million.

no longer exist, unless the law,

ad min istrat ive re gulat ions or

decisions of the State Council provide

otherwise for certain companies.

Now, the amount of the paid-in

registered capital is no longer subject

to registration with the competent

AIC and it also will not be a must to

engage a certified public accountant

to issue a capital verification report for

the capital contribution. Furthermore,

in the past, the amount of cash

contribution shall not be less than 30%

of the total amount of registered

c a p i t a l o f a c o m p a n y . S u c h

requirement on minimum cash

contribution has also been abolished

by the Amendment.

combat offshore tax evasion by US

persons. The key points of the IGA

are:

(i) "Most favoured nation' clause to

be adopted to favour the french

financial institutions;

(ii) Exemption related to employee

savings plans and a special status

to the asset management

industry that can ensure absence

of US investors and non-

p a r t i c i p a t i n g i n s t i t u t i o n a l

customers;

(iii) Exemption for certain local banks

with an almost exclusively local

client base which could be

b e n e f i c i a l t o t h e F r e n c h

institutions especially in light of

the mutual banking model;

(iv) Insurance products and pension

funds dedicated to retirement

planning to receive special

exemptions under FATCA.

These exemptions are likely to affect

the sectors including the banking, life

insurance and asset management

industries along with certain holding

companies as well as hedging, finance

and treasury centers of non-financial

groups which could also be impacted

depending on the nature of their

activities.

Thus, the IGA is intended to simplify

the requirements but will require

Page 13: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

10 11

Merger Review process

simplified- European

Commission

The European Commission (EC) has

announced rules to restructure

procedure for mergers which shall be

effective from 1 January, 2014. The

significant changes include bringing

more mergers under review and

significantly reducing the information

required for merger review by asking a

number of questions upfront.

The amendments introduced by the

new framework include changes at

two levels mainly being :

(i) R e g u l a t o r y F r a m e w o r k

Amendments: The regulatory

framework which governed the

mergers are eligible for review

under the simplified review

procedure wherein the now the

scope of mergers eligible for

review has been widened in cases

where the activities of the parties

overlap horizontally, and their

combined market share of

activities of parties constitute 20%

instead of the earlier 15% of the

market share; and in case their

activities overlapping vertically

and their market share is

constitutive of 30% instead of

earlier 25% of the aggregate

market share shall be subject to

review.

(ii) Procedural Amendments: the

regulat ions pertaining the

formalities (i.e. the filing and

i n f o r m a t i o n s u b m i t t i n g

requirements to be complied

with) for each of the mergers

under review. The amendments

have been designed primarily to

reduce the volume of information

required to be provided by the

p a r t i e s . A d d i t i o n a l l y , t h e

Commission now asks for certain

information upfront, so as to

reduce the number of questions it

has to ask the parties later on in

the review.

The amendments have also

permitted the parties to seek

waiver from the Commission in

respect of furnishing information

pertaining to (i) acquisitions

made during the last 3 years by

group undertakings active in

affected markets; (ii) estimates of

the total size of the market in

terms of sales value and volume;

and (iii) details of the most

i m p o r t a n t c o - o p e r a t i v e

agreements engaged in by the

parties to the concentration in

affected markets.

The package comprises amended

versions of the (i) Notice on

Simplified Procedure and (ii)

Commiss ion Implement ing

Regulation and its accompanying

Annex 1 (Form CO), Annex 2

(Short Form CO), and Annex 3

(Form RS).

The representatives of France and the

United States of America have on 14

November, 2013 signed a bilateral

Inter-Governmental Agreement (IGA)

intended to implement the Foreign

Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA)

which was a flagship legislation

introduced by the US in 2010 to

France and USA sign the FATCA

tax information

By :

GLOBAL

According to the Amendment, these

requirements on minimum registered

capital will be abolished, unless the

law, administrative regulations or

decisions of the State Council provide

otherwise for companies in certain

industrial sectors. Thus, theoretically

speaking, investors can now establish

a company with a registered capital of

one RMB.

On capital contributions, prior to the

Amendment, the investor of a

company had to contribute at least

20% (15% for FIEs) of the registered

capital within 3 months upon the

issuance of the first Business License

of the company and the remaining

amount had to be paid in within 2

years. According to the Amendment,

such deadlines for capital contribution

China amends company law

On 28 December 2013, the Standing

Committee of the People's Congress

adopted a resolution to approve the

Amendment to the PRC Company Law

("Amendment"). The Amendment will

become effective on 1 March 2014. It

refers to changes of the capital

contribution of companies in China

with the aim to ease the financial

burdens on investors for establishing

companies in China. According to the

current PRC Company Law, the

minimum registered capital of a

limited liability company shall be RMB

30,000 or RMB 100,000 (in case the

company is wholly owned by one

shareholder). For a company limited

by shares, the minimum registered

capital shall be RMB 5 million.

no longer exist, unless the law,

ad min istrat ive re gulat ions or

decisions of the State Council provide

otherwise for certain companies.

Now, the amount of the paid-in

registered capital is no longer subject

to registration with the competent

AIC and it also will not be a must to

engage a certified public accountant

to issue a capital verification report for

the capital contribution. Furthermore,

in the past, the amount of cash

contribution shall not be less than 30%

of the total amount of registered

c a p i t a l o f a c o m p a n y . S u c h

requirement on minimum cash

contribution has also been abolished

by the Amendment.

combat offshore tax evasion by US

persons. The key points of the IGA

are:

(i) "Most favoured nation' clause to

be adopted to favour the french

financial institutions;

(ii) Exemption related to employee

savings plans and a special status

to the asset management

industry that can ensure absence

of US investors and non-

p a r t i c i p a t i n g i n s t i t u t i o n a l

customers;

(iii) Exemption for certain local banks

with an almost exclusively local

client base which could be

b e n e f i c i a l t o t h e F r e n c h

institutions especially in light of

the mutual banking model;

(iv) Insurance products and pension

funds dedicated to retirement

planning to receive special

exemptions under FATCA.

These exemptions are likely to affect

the sectors including the banking, life

insurance and asset management

industries along with certain holding

companies as well as hedging, finance

and treasury centers of non-financial

groups which could also be impacted

depending on the nature of their

activities.

Thus, the IGA is intended to simplify

the requirements but will require

Page 14: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

12 13

Belgium: Competition

Authority Issues Guidelines For

Dawn Raids

The Belgian Competition Authority

("BCA") has announced that when

i n v e s t i g a t i n g v i o l a t i o n s o f

competition law, they can carry out

unannounced on-site inspections at

the premises of undertakings,

associations of undertakings and

natural persons. Such inspections are

known as dawn raids. The following

points should be noted:

lBCA can start the inspection as

s o o n a s t h e u n d e r t a k i n g

concerned receives the orders

i ssued by the compet i t ion

prosecutor and the investigating

magistrate. It is not obliged to

await the arrival of external

counsel. In practice, however, the

BCA will usually wait 30 minutes in

order to allow external counsel to

reach the premises.

l

increasingly crucial when it comes

to proving potential violations of

competition law. The guidelines

explain in detail the methods the

BCA applies to search for such

documents and data.

The guidelines provide much-needed

insight into the various methods used

to search for electronic documents

and data during a dawn raid and

appear to apply the best practices for

seizing digital data established by the

Brussels Court of Appeal in its

judgment of 18 April 2013. Pursuant to

this judgment, the documents must

be selected in the company's

presence. Secondly, the selection

should be made using keywords,

which should be closely connected to

the practices under investigation.

Hence, general keywords covering a

wide array of subjects are not allowed.

In addit ion, the se lect ion of

documents on the basis of keywords

Electronic data and documents are should be double checked using

another set of keywords and spot

checks. Finally, the company should

be given sufficient time to review the

selection, taking into account the

c o m p l e x i t y o f t h e c a s e . T h e

prosecutors should permanently

delete documents deemed to fall

outside the scope of the investigation.

On 2 December 2013, the State Council

issued a 2013 version of Catalogue of

Investment Projects that Require

Government Verification. Now, only

investments of US$1 billion or more, or

that involve sensitive countries or

industries, still require verification by

Chinese governmental authorities.

Other outbound investments are

subject on ly to record f i l ing

requirements. The Catalogue is

currently effective; however, the

a u t h o r i t i e s m a y w a i t u n t i l

implementing rules have been issued

before applying the Catalogue in

practice.

China: approval requirements

for outbound investment

projects relaxed

www.verus.net.in

New DelhiE-177 Lower Ground FloorEast of Kailash New Delhi 110065

E: [email protected]

T: +91 11 26215601 / 02

F: +91 11 26215603

Kolkata10 Old Post Office StreetGround FloorKolkata 700001

E: [email protected]

T: +91 33 22308909

F: +91 33 22487823

HyderabadChamber#103 Ground Floor 6-3-252/A/10 Sana Apartments, ErramanzilHyderabad 500082

E: [email protected]

T: +91 40 39935766

Winner: Best Newcomers: India Business Law Journal Awards2012

Mumbai24 M. C. C. LaneFortMumbai 400023

E: [email protected]

T: +91 22 22834130 / 01

F: +91 22 22834102

India member firm of:

CONTACT

Krishnayan Sen / Dipankar Bandyopadhyay

[email protected]

significant efforts to maintain

compliance necessary for foreign

financial institutions.

On November 8, 2013, the US

Department of Justice (USDOJ)

announced that SAC Capital Advisors

LP, SAC Capital Advisors LLC, CR

Intrinsic Investors, Sigma Capital

Management (collectively 'SAC

Companies') that are responsible for

the management of a group of

affiliated hedge funds has agreed to

plead guilty to charges of insider

trading. SAC has agreed to an

additional penalty of US$1.184 billion

and to terminate its investment

advisory business. The earlier penalty

of US$616 million have already been

agreed to be paid.

As alleged, from 1999 to 2010,

n u m e r o u s e m p l o y e e s o f S A C

Companies obtained and traded non-

public information or recommended

trades based on information of more

than 20 publically traded companies

across multiple sectors to SAC

Portfolio Managers.

The Competit ion and Markets

Authority (CMA) has replaced the

existing competition

agencies namely the Office of Fair

Trad ing and the Compet i t ion

Commission for becoming United

Kingdom's exclusive authority to

regulate competition. The CMA will

not only replicate the powers of its

predeceasing authorities but assume

new ones as well including:

i. I n v e s t i g a t i v e P o w e r s : To

invest igate into suspected

i n f r i n g e m e n t s i n c l u d i n g

i n t e r r o g a t i n g i n d i v i d u a l s

associated with businesses over

which the suspicion cloud looms.

Largest ever US Insider Trading

Case settlement

United Kingdom gets a new

competition authority

ii. Order Interim Measures: CMA has

wider powers to pass interim

orders including requiring a

company under suspicion to

suspend or terminate relevant

businesses under investigation.

iii. Merger Control: CMA will have a

right to order the reversal of

integration of businesses that

have already occurred.

The conclusion of the Comprehensive

Economic Trade Agreement ("CETA")

between Canada and the European

Union has finally made the four year

old negotiations between the two

parties see the light of the day.

Though the CETA structure is already

in place, formalit ies including

conversion of the agreement into the

treaty languages and complying with

the legal formalities could take

another 24 months.

Scope of CETA:

i. Agronomy: Seeming to be the

most critical of the issues and a

possible "deal-breaker", the

agrarian front saw Canada

pressing for diverting from the

ground rule of fair trade and

seeking a significant increase in

the quota of beef and pork, in

return EU increasing the cheese

imports from Canada.

ii. Investments: After the EU

negotiators pressed for key

i s s u e s i n c l u d i n g g a i n i n g

investment access to Canadian

banking and removal of EU

investment reviews under the

Investment Canada Act has now

reaped to the EU banks doing

business in relation to deposits

excluding that the Canadian

banks still be in ownership of the

Class A banks.

Canada- EU trade agreement

liberalizes existing trade

practices

iii. Government Approval: The

Government concessions that

can be procured now have

exceeded those already existing

under the NAFTA. EU Companies

can now bid on the federal

government contracts and

reciprocal rights have been

convened on the Canadian

companies to bid on contracts

tendered by all EU institutions, as

well as with all 28 member

countries and their regional and

local governments.

iv. Trade-in Services: Reciprocal

preferential access to sectors

including information technology

workers, professionals (e.g.

a c c o u n t a n t s , e n g i n e e r s ) ,

i n v e s t o r s , e n v i r o n m e n t a l

services, scientific/technical

personnel, and workers in the

energy distribution sector have

been introduced under the CETA.

Therefore the outcome may not have

satisfied all the stakeholders on each

of the issues, but the parties have

understood that the agreement

necessarily has positive impact on

each of their economic sectors.

The Minister of Industry has

announced a public consultation on

the Canada Business Corporations Act

with a view to improving the

governance of corporations subject to

the statute.The key areas identified

for consultation include executive

compensation, shareholder rights,

s h a r e h o l d e r a n d b o a r d

communication, securities transfers,

corporate transparency, combating

bribery and corruption, diversity of

boards and management, the use of

the legis lat ion's arrangement

provisions, and corporate social

responsibility. The comment period is

open until March 11, 2014.

Canadian corporate governance

under review

Page 15: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

12 13

Belgium: Competition

Authority Issues Guidelines For

Dawn Raids

The Belgian Competition Authority

("BCA") has announced that when

i n v e s t i g a t i n g v i o l a t i o n s o f

competition law, they can carry out

unannounced on-site inspections at

the premises of undertakings,

associations of undertakings and

natural persons. Such inspections are

known as dawn raids. The following

points should be noted:

lBCA can start the inspection as

s o o n a s t h e u n d e r t a k i n g

concerned receives the orders

i ssued by the compet i t ion

prosecutor and the investigating

magistrate. It is not obliged to

await the arrival of external

counsel. In practice, however, the

BCA will usually wait 30 minutes in

order to allow external counsel to

reach the premises.

l

increasingly crucial when it comes

to proving potential violations of

competition law. The guidelines

explain in detail the methods the

BCA applies to search for such

documents and data.

The guidelines provide much-needed

insight into the various methods used

to search for electronic documents

and data during a dawn raid and

appear to apply the best practices for

seizing digital data established by the

Brussels Court of Appeal in its

judgment of 18 April 2013. Pursuant to

this judgment, the documents must

be selected in the company's

presence. Secondly, the selection

should be made using keywords,

which should be closely connected to

the practices under investigation.

Hence, general keywords covering a

wide array of subjects are not allowed.

In addit ion, the se lect ion of

documents on the basis of keywords

Electronic data and documents are should be double checked using

another set of keywords and spot

checks. Finally, the company should

be given sufficient time to review the

selection, taking into account the

c o m p l e x i t y o f t h e c a s e . T h e

prosecutors should permanently

delete documents deemed to fall

outside the scope of the investigation.

On 2 December 2013, the State Council

issued a 2013 version of Catalogue of

Investment Projects that Require

Government Verification. Now, only

investments of US$1 billion or more, or

that involve sensitive countries or

industries, still require verification by

Chinese governmental authorities.

Other outbound investments are

subject on ly to record f i l ing

requirements. The Catalogue is

currently effective; however, the

a u t h o r i t i e s m a y w a i t u n t i l

implementing rules have been issued

before applying the Catalogue in

practice.

China: approval requirements

for outbound investment

projects relaxed

www.verus.net.in

New DelhiE-177 Lower Ground FloorEast of Kailash New Delhi 110065

E: [email protected]

T: +91 11 26215601 / 02

F: +91 11 26215603

Kolkata10 Old Post Office StreetGround FloorKolkata 700001

E: [email protected]

T: +91 33 22308909

F: +91 33 22487823

HyderabadChamber#103 Ground Floor 6-3-252/A/10 Sana Apartments, ErramanzilHyderabad 500082

E: [email protected]

T: +91 40 39935766

Winner: Best Newcomers: India Business Law Journal Awards2012

Mumbai24 M. C. C. LaneFortMumbai 400023

E: [email protected]

T: +91 22 22834130 / 01

F: +91 22 22834102

India member firm of:

CONTACT

Krishnayan Sen / Dipankar Bandyopadhyay

[email protected]

significant efforts to maintain

compliance necessary for foreign

financial institutions.

On November 8, 2013, the US

Department of Justice (USDOJ)

announced that SAC Capital Advisors

LP, SAC Capital Advisors LLC, CR

Intrinsic Investors, Sigma Capital

Management (collectively 'SAC

Companies') that are responsible for

the management of a group of

affiliated hedge funds has agreed to

plead guilty to charges of insider

trading. SAC has agreed to an

additional penalty of US$1.184 billion

and to terminate its investment

advisory business. The earlier penalty

of US$616 million have already been

agreed to be paid.

As alleged, from 1999 to 2010,

n u m e r o u s e m p l o y e e s o f S A C

Companies obtained and traded non-

public information or recommended

trades based on information of more

than 20 publically traded companies

across multiple sectors to SAC

Portfolio Managers.

The Competit ion and Markets

Authority (CMA) has replaced the

existing competition

agencies namely the Office of Fair

Trad ing and the Compet i t ion

Commission for becoming United

Kingdom's exclusive authority to

regulate competition. The CMA will

not only replicate the powers of its

predeceasing authorities but assume

new ones as well including:

i. I n v e s t i g a t i v e P o w e r s : To

invest igate into suspected

i n f r i n g e m e n t s i n c l u d i n g

i n t e r r o g a t i n g i n d i v i d u a l s

associated with businesses over

which the suspicion cloud looms.

Largest ever US Insider Trading

Case settlement

United Kingdom gets a new

competition authority

ii. Order Interim Measures: CMA has

wider powers to pass interim

orders including requiring a

company under suspicion to

suspend or terminate relevant

businesses under investigation.

iii. Merger Control: CMA will have a

right to order the reversal of

integration of businesses that

have already occurred.

The conclusion of the Comprehensive

Economic Trade Agreement ("CETA")

between Canada and the European

Union has finally made the four year

old negotiations between the two

parties see the light of the day.

Though the CETA structure is already

in place, formalit ies including

conversion of the agreement into the

treaty languages and complying with

the legal formalities could take

another 24 months.

Scope of CETA:

i. Agronomy: Seeming to be the

most critical of the issues and a

possible "deal-breaker", the

agrarian front saw Canada

pressing for diverting from the

ground rule of fair trade and

seeking a significant increase in

the quota of beef and pork, in

return EU increasing the cheese

imports from Canada.

ii. Investments: After the EU

negotiators pressed for key

i s s u e s i n c l u d i n g g a i n i n g

investment access to Canadian

banking and removal of EU

investment reviews under the

Investment Canada Act has now

reaped to the EU banks doing

business in relation to deposits

excluding that the Canadian

banks still be in ownership of the

Class A banks.

Canada- EU trade agreement

liberalizes existing trade

practices

iii. Government Approval: The

Government concessions that

can be procured now have

exceeded those already existing

under the NAFTA. EU Companies

can now bid on the federal

government contracts and

reciprocal rights have been

convened on the Canadian

companies to bid on contracts

tendered by all EU institutions, as

well as with all 28 member

countries and their regional and

local governments.

iv. Trade-in Services: Reciprocal

preferential access to sectors

including information technology

workers, professionals (e.g.

a c c o u n t a n t s , e n g i n e e r s ) ,

i n v e s t o r s , e n v i r o n m e n t a l

services, scientific/technical

personnel, and workers in the

energy distribution sector have

been introduced under the CETA.

Therefore the outcome may not have

satisfied all the stakeholders on each

of the issues, but the parties have

understood that the agreement

necessarily has positive impact on

each of their economic sectors.

The Minister of Industry has

announced a public consultation on

the Canada Business Corporations Act

with a view to improving the

governance of corporations subject to

the statute.The key areas identified

for consultation include executive

compensation, shareholder rights,

s h a r e h o l d e r a n d b o a r d

communication, securities transfers,

corporate transparency, combating

bribery and corruption, diversity of

boards and management, the use of

the legis lat ion's arrangement

provisions, and corporate social

responsibility. The comment period is

open until March 11, 2014.

Canadian corporate governance

under review

Page 16: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

14 15

Financial Action Task Force (FATF)

compliant, or those with whom

Securities and Exchange Board of

India (SEBI) has a bilateral agreement.

That gives Indian unlisted companies a

choice of over 100 jurisdictions

including those of the U.S., U.K.,

Singapore and Hong Kong.

The money raised via an overseas

listing can only be utilised to repay

overseas debt or fund acquisitions

abroad. In case the funds are not

utilised for these two purposes, they

would have to be remitted back to

India within 15 days and deposited

with an RBI recognised authorised

dealer.

further in order to keep pace with and

to restore U.S.'s leading position in

overseas listings, in April 2012, the U.S.

Enacted the Jumpstart Our Business

Startups ('JOBS') Act. This Act which

received the assent of President

Obama was a significant step that

provided a thrust to simplifying

listings in the US.

One of the aims of the JOBS Act was to

increase the number of companies

electing to complete an IPO and to

provide those companies with a

transition period to the public

markets, allowing them to focus

resources on growth of their

businesses and reduce financial,

corporate governance and other

r e g u l a t o r y r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r

'emerging growth companies' (EGCs),

a new class of issuer. An EGC is a

company that had gross revenues of

less than USD1 billion during most

recently completed fiscal year.

The JOBS Act has brought about

several changes to make a new IPO

playing field for several companies.

These provisions have reduced the

costs and risks associated with IPO in

emerging growth companies in three

distinct areas; namely in the IPO

process, in the IPO Registration

Statement Disclosure requirement

and in the Post IPO Reporting

requirements.

The fact that JOBS Act now permits

companies to make a confidential

submission of the IPO Registration

Statement with the SEC has indeed

helped companies that are reluctant

to publicly disclose proprietary

information, market data and financial

data

In terms of the IPO Registration

Statement Disclosure Requirements,

only two years of audited financial

statements and two years of selected

financial data is now required as

compared to the earlier requirement

to file three years of audited financial

statements and five years of selected

financial data. The rules related to

Executive Compensation Disclosure

have also been relaxed for EGCs.

The reporting requirements with

respect to financial statements,

selected financial information and

audit firm rotation apply equally even

in case of Post IPO Reporting

Requirements

The process of planning and executing

an IPO is time-intensive and, typically

t a k e s s e v e r a l m o n t h s f r o m

organisational meeting to closing,

though the exact time taken can vary

widely and depends on the complexity

of the transaction, the company's

readiness prior to embarking on the

IPO process, market conditions and

many other factors. Some of the

frequently encountered hurdles in the

IPO process relate to legal and tax

structuring, governance, having

adequate reporting tools and

management team's availability.

In summary, though the JOBS Act is

only a year old, early results show it is

having an impact by providing an "on-

ramp" to public markets for smaller

companies. Given the initiative by the

Ministry of Finance for overseas

listing, and the favourable response to

the JOBS Act, there is an opportunity

for increased number of companies to

make use of the initial two year

window for accessing the U.S. Capital

Market.

Mr. Gaurav VohraDirector

Accounting Advisory Services KPMG, India

Authored by:

The U.S. capital markets have long

been a favoured destination for

companies wishing to raise capital or

to establish a trading presence for

their securities. A U.S. listing can help

foreign private issuers (FPIs) to

significantly improve their chances to

attract capital. Several companies in

India, especially in new age sectors

such as information technology and

financial services, made good use of

this opportunity and listed their

securities in the U.S. market.

However, in the recent past the pace

of overseas listings reduced primarily

due changes in the financial and

regulatory environment in the U.S.

which lead to increased cost of

compliance. In particular, some of the

key challenges include being subject

to the U.S. regulatory environment,

increased cost of compliance on

account of provisions of the Sarbanes

Oxley Act and the r igorous

accounting, disclosure and review by

the Securities Exchange Commission

(SEC).

Another reason for lack lustre

overseas listings was an impediment

in the Indian regulations which

required companies to list first in India

before they could list overseas. To this

end, the Ministry of Finance in India

has issued a press release on 27

September 2013 on allowing unlisted

companies to raise capital abroad

without the requirement of prior or

simultaneous listing in India, allowing

Indian companies to capitalise on this

demand for diversification from

investors. The approval for listing is

however subject to the condition that

the Stock Exchanges would have to be

Internat ional Organisat ion of

Securities Commissions (IOSCO) or

Indian Companies- Moving Closer to a US Listing Indian Companies- Moving Closer to a US Listing

Page 17: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

14 15

Financial Action Task Force (FATF)

compliant, or those with whom

Securities and Exchange Board of

India (SEBI) has a bilateral agreement.

That gives Indian unlisted companies a

choice of over 100 jurisdictions

including those of the U.S., U.K.,

Singapore and Hong Kong.

The money raised via an overseas

listing can only be utilised to repay

overseas debt or fund acquisitions

abroad. In case the funds are not

utilised for these two purposes, they

would have to be remitted back to

India within 15 days and deposited

with an RBI recognised authorised

dealer.

further in order to keep pace with and

to restore U.S.'s leading position in

overseas listings, in April 2012, the U.S.

Enacted the Jumpstart Our Business

Startups ('JOBS') Act. This Act which

received the assent of President

Obama was a significant step that

provided a thrust to simplifying

listings in the US.

One of the aims of the JOBS Act was to

increase the number of companies

electing to complete an IPO and to

provide those companies with a

transition period to the public

markets, allowing them to focus

resources on growth of their

businesses and reduce financial,

corporate governance and other

r e g u l a t o r y r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r

'emerging growth companies' (EGCs),

a new class of issuer. An EGC is a

company that had gross revenues of

less than USD1 billion during most

recently completed fiscal year.

The JOBS Act has brought about

several changes to make a new IPO

playing field for several companies.

These provisions have reduced the

costs and risks associated with IPO in

emerging growth companies in three

distinct areas; namely in the IPO

process, in the IPO Registration

Statement Disclosure requirement

and in the Post IPO Reporting

requirements.

The fact that JOBS Act now permits

companies to make a confidential

submission of the IPO Registration

Statement with the SEC has indeed

helped companies that are reluctant

to publicly disclose proprietary

information, market data and financial

data

In terms of the IPO Registration

Statement Disclosure Requirements,

only two years of audited financial

statements and two years of selected

financial data is now required as

compared to the earlier requirement

to file three years of audited financial

statements and five years of selected

financial data. The rules related to

Executive Compensation Disclosure

have also been relaxed for EGCs.

The reporting requirements with

respect to financial statements,

selected financial information and

audit firm rotation apply equally even

in case of Post IPO Reporting

Requirements

The process of planning and executing

an IPO is time-intensive and, typically

t a k e s s e v e r a l m o n t h s f r o m

organisational meeting to closing,

though the exact time taken can vary

widely and depends on the complexity

of the transaction, the company's

readiness prior to embarking on the

IPO process, market conditions and

many other factors. Some of the

frequently encountered hurdles in the

IPO process relate to legal and tax

structuring, governance, having

adequate reporting tools and

management team's availability.

In summary, though the JOBS Act is

only a year old, early results show it is

having an impact by providing an "on-

ramp" to public markets for smaller

companies. Given the initiative by the

Ministry of Finance for overseas

listing, and the favourable response to

the JOBS Act, there is an opportunity

for increased number of companies to

make use of the initial two year

window for accessing the U.S. Capital

Market.

Mr. Gaurav VohraDirector

Accounting Advisory Services KPMG, India

Authored by:

The U.S. capital markets have long

been a favoured destination for

companies wishing to raise capital or

to establish a trading presence for

their securities. A U.S. listing can help

foreign private issuers (FPIs) to

significantly improve their chances to

attract capital. Several companies in

India, especially in new age sectors

such as information technology and

financial services, made good use of

this opportunity and listed their

securities in the U.S. market.

However, in the recent past the pace

of overseas listings reduced primarily

due changes in the financial and

regulatory environment in the U.S.

which lead to increased cost of

compliance. In particular, some of the

key challenges include being subject

to the U.S. regulatory environment,

increased cost of compliance on

account of provisions of the Sarbanes

Oxley Act and the r igorous

accounting, disclosure and review by

the Securities Exchange Commission

(SEC).

Another reason for lack lustre

overseas listings was an impediment

in the Indian regulations which

required companies to list first in India

before they could list overseas. To this

end, the Ministry of Finance in India

has issued a press release on 27

September 2013 on allowing unlisted

companies to raise capital abroad

without the requirement of prior or

simultaneous listing in India, allowing

Indian companies to capitalise on this

demand for diversification from

investors. The approval for listing is

however subject to the condition that

the Stock Exchanges would have to be

Internat ional Organisat ion of

Securities Commissions (IOSCO) or

Indian Companies- Moving Closer to a US Listing Indian Companies- Moving Closer to a US Listing

Page 18: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

16

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

17

Which costs to be capitalised?

Feasibility studies

'Accounting Standard 10: Accounting

for Fixed Assets' provides guidance on

recognition of costs for capitalization.

The Accounting Standard defines

'fixed asset' as an asset held with the

intention of being used for the

purpose of producing or providing

goods or services and is not held for

sale in the normal course of business.

The Standard further states that the

cost of an item of fixed asset should

comprise all directly attributable costs

incurred to bring the asset to its

working condition for its intended

use.

The Standard gives limited guidance

on what constitutes "directly

attributable costs" but gives a few

examples of such costs:

a) site preparation;

b) initial delivery and handling costs;

c) installation cost, (like special

foundations for plant); and

d) professional fees, (like fees of

architects and engineers).

Following are some costs that are

common to most infrastructure

projects and an analysis on their

eligibility for capitalization:

G e n e r a l l y , c o m p a n i e s i n c u r

expenditure in carrying out a

feasibility study before deciding

whether to invest in a project or in

deciding which project to pursue.

Generally, expenses incurred for

feasibility assessment should be

expensed as incurred because they

are not linked to a specific item of

capital project. However, the cost of

c a p i t a l p r o j e c t d o e s i n c l u d e

expenditure that is incurred only if an

asset is acquired, such as a fee paid to

a broker or agent only if a suitable

property is identified and purchased.

Labour costs

Operating lease costs

Start-up and commissioning

costs

Labour costs typically are a large

component of many infrastructure

projects, and it is appropriate that the

internal effort expended by technical

engineers and other in-house

specialists be included in the cost of

assets built.

O f t e n t h e r e a r e p r a c t i c a l

complications in determining how

much internal labour to capitalise.

Common difficulties exist when, for

example, a resource pool is used for

more than one project or when there

are overlaps between construction

and maintenance activities. Strong

project management and time

recording systems therefore are

important in tracking such costs and in

ensuring that the proportion relating

to construction and extension of

infrastructure can be measured

reliably.

If a project is constructed on land that

is leased under an operating lease,

then the operating lease costs

incurred during the construction

period can be capitalised as part of the

cost of the project if these costs are

directly attributable to bringing the

asset to its working condition for its

intended use.

Training

The cost of training staff is not

capitalised. Even if staff training is

included as part of a larger contract

with a third party in connection with

the acquisition or construction of

capital asset, it is appropriate that the

training cost component of the

contract to be expensed as the

training occurs.

The expenditure incurred on start-up

and commissioning of the project,

including the expenditure incurred on

t r i a l r u n s , a n d e x p e r i m e n t a l

production, is usually capitalised as an

indirect element of the construction

cost. However, it is of foremost

importance to first establish that

those activities are necessary to bring

the asset to its working condition.

Borrowing costs are interest and

other costs incurred by an entity in

connection with the borrowing of

funds. They include interest and

commitment charges on bank

borrowings and other short-term and

long-term borrowings, exchange

differences on foreign currency

borrowings and other related costs.

Borrowing costs are eligible for

capitalization only when they are

i n c u r r e d o n f u n d s b o r r o w e d

specifically for the purpose of the

concerned project. If the funds are

borrowed generally and used for the

purpose of the capital project, the

amount of borrowing costs eligible for

capitalization should be determined

by applying a capitalization rate to the

expenditure on that asset.

Capitalization of borrowing costs

should start only when the project

work is in progress, even if the

borrowing costs are being incurred

before the commencement of project

work.

Borrowing costs

Infrastructure Projects - Capitalization ChallengesInfrastructure Projects - Capitalization Challenges

The infrastructure sector in India is

developing at a rapid pace and is

attracting attention and capital from

both domestic and foreign players

alike. This includes not only public

utilities such as roads, bridges,

tunnels, hospitals, airports, railways,

telecom and power but also real

e s t a t e , b o t h r e s i d e n t i a l a n d

c o m m e r c i a l . A p a r t f r o m t h e

regulatory, technical and commercial

issues that infrastructure projects

face, there are also a number of

significant accounting challenges.

These accounting issues come up

since the transactions and events that

take place as part of these projects are

complex in nature and the Indian

accounting framework sometimes

does not cover the unique aspects of

such transactions. As a result,

accountants are left to assumptive

interpretation and judgment to

conclude on such financial reporting

issues.

In any infrastructure project,

capitalization of costs is one of the

most crucial areas of accounting.

Simply put, capitalization means

inclusion of a cost incurred in the value

of a fixed asset. As the concept of

'Earnings Before Interest, Tax,

Depreciation and Amortisation' gains

popularity, companies increasingly

desire to capitalize as many costs as

possible. This has a favourable impact,

effectively reclassifying expenditure

from operating expenses (within

'Earnings Before Interest, Tax,

Depreciation and Amortisation') to

depreciation (outside 'Earnings

Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and

Amortisation'). Accountants shoulder

the respons ib i l i ty to ba lance

management's inclination towards

capitalization and adherence to

accounting principles.

T h e k e y a c c o u n t i n g i s s u e s

infrastructure projects face during the

construction and development

phases are:

lWhich costs are to be capitalized?

lTill when are these costs to be

capitalized?

Page 19: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

16

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

17

Which costs to be capitalised?

Feasibility studies

'Accounting Standard 10: Accounting

for Fixed Assets' provides guidance on

recognition of costs for capitalization.

The Accounting Standard defines

'fixed asset' as an asset held with the

intention of being used for the

purpose of producing or providing

goods or services and is not held for

sale in the normal course of business.

The Standard further states that the

cost of an item of fixed asset should

comprise all directly attributable costs

incurred to bring the asset to its

working condition for its intended

use.

The Standard gives limited guidance

on what constitutes "directly

attributable costs" but gives a few

examples of such costs:

a) site preparation;

b) initial delivery and handling costs;

c) installation cost, (like special

foundations for plant); and

d) professional fees, (like fees of

architects and engineers).

Following are some costs that are

common to most infrastructure

projects and an analysis on their

eligibility for capitalization:

G e n e r a l l y , c o m p a n i e s i n c u r

expenditure in carrying out a

feasibility study before deciding

whether to invest in a project or in

deciding which project to pursue.

Generally, expenses incurred for

feasibility assessment should be

expensed as incurred because they

are not linked to a specific item of

capital project. However, the cost of

c a p i t a l p r o j e c t d o e s i n c l u d e

expenditure that is incurred only if an

asset is acquired, such as a fee paid to

a broker or agent only if a suitable

property is identified and purchased.

Labour costs

Operating lease costs

Start-up and commissioning

costs

Labour costs typically are a large

component of many infrastructure

projects, and it is appropriate that the

internal effort expended by technical

engineers and other in-house

specialists be included in the cost of

assets built.

O f t e n t h e r e a r e p r a c t i c a l

complications in determining how

much internal labour to capitalise.

Common difficulties exist when, for

example, a resource pool is used for

more than one project or when there

are overlaps between construction

and maintenance activities. Strong

project management and time

recording systems therefore are

important in tracking such costs and in

ensuring that the proportion relating

to construction and extension of

infrastructure can be measured

reliably.

If a project is constructed on land that

is leased under an operating lease,

then the operating lease costs

incurred during the construction

period can be capitalised as part of the

cost of the project if these costs are

directly attributable to bringing the

asset to its working condition for its

intended use.

Training

The cost of training staff is not

capitalised. Even if staff training is

included as part of a larger contract

with a third party in connection with

the acquisition or construction of

capital asset, it is appropriate that the

training cost component of the

contract to be expensed as the

training occurs.

The expenditure incurred on start-up

and commissioning of the project,

including the expenditure incurred on

t r i a l r u n s , a n d e x p e r i m e n t a l

production, is usually capitalised as an

indirect element of the construction

cost. However, it is of foremost

importance to first establish that

those activities are necessary to bring

the asset to its working condition.

Borrowing costs are interest and

other costs incurred by an entity in

connection with the borrowing of

funds. They include interest and

commitment charges on bank

borrowings and other short-term and

long-term borrowings, exchange

differences on foreign currency

borrowings and other related costs.

Borrowing costs are eligible for

capitalization only when they are

i n c u r r e d o n f u n d s b o r r o w e d

specifically for the purpose of the

concerned project. If the funds are

borrowed generally and used for the

purpose of the capital project, the

amount of borrowing costs eligible for

capitalization should be determined

by applying a capitalization rate to the

expenditure on that asset.

Capitalization of borrowing costs

should start only when the project

work is in progress, even if the

borrowing costs are being incurred

before the commencement of project

work.

Borrowing costs

Infrastructure Projects - Capitalization ChallengesInfrastructure Projects - Capitalization Challenges

The infrastructure sector in India is

developing at a rapid pace and is

attracting attention and capital from

both domestic and foreign players

alike. This includes not only public

utilities such as roads, bridges,

tunnels, hospitals, airports, railways,

telecom and power but also real

e s t a t e , b o t h r e s i d e n t i a l a n d

c o m m e r c i a l . A p a r t f r o m t h e

regulatory, technical and commercial

issues that infrastructure projects

face, there are also a number of

significant accounting challenges.

These accounting issues come up

since the transactions and events that

take place as part of these projects are

complex in nature and the Indian

accounting framework sometimes

does not cover the unique aspects of

such transactions. As a result,

accountants are left to assumptive

interpretation and judgment to

conclude on such financial reporting

issues.

In any infrastructure project,

capitalization of costs is one of the

most crucial areas of accounting.

Simply put, capitalization means

inclusion of a cost incurred in the value

of a fixed asset. As the concept of

'Earnings Before Interest, Tax,

Depreciation and Amortisation' gains

popularity, companies increasingly

desire to capitalize as many costs as

possible. This has a favourable impact,

effectively reclassifying expenditure

from operating expenses (within

'Earnings Before Interest, Tax,

Depreciation and Amortisation') to

depreciation (outside 'Earnings

Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and

Amortisation'). Accountants shoulder

the respons ib i l i ty to ba lance

management's inclination towards

capitalization and adherence to

accounting principles.

T h e k e y a c c o u n t i n g i s s u e s

infrastructure projects face during the

construction and development

phases are:

lWhich costs are to be capitalized?

lTill when are these costs to be

capitalized?

Page 20: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

18 19

India's infrastructure and banking

sectors will require a total Rs 10.4

trillion from the bond market over the

next 5 years.

That's about Rs 2.1 trillion a year or 50%

more than what was mopped up by

these sectors in the last fiscal.

Which begs the question, how will

such humongous amounts be raised?

I believe this can be done only through

regulatory support in three areas:

deepening of India's corporate bond

m a r k e t i n c l u d i n g t h r o u g h

innovations, developing credit-

enhancement mechanisms for

infrastructure projects and building

investor appetite for banks' non-

equity capital.

We will need to complement this by

facilitating greater foreign investor

participation and more liberal norms

for long-term investors, apart from

addressing issues of low trading

volumes, issuer concentration and a

weak securitisation market.

On the innovation side, there have

been several encouraging initiatives

this year, such as the first 50-year

rupee bond and the first inflation-

indexed debentures by Indian

companies, five Basel III compliant

issues by banks, and the launch of two

infrastructure debt funds (See box on

page 21).

The requirement & the

challenges

Let us first look at the investment

needs. CRISIL Research presages a

total investment of Rs 26.4 trillion in

the infrastructure sector over the next

five years. Four sectors need the bulk

of this money: the power sector Rs 8.4

trillion, roads Rs 6.3 trillion, railways

Rs 4.3 trillion and urban infra Rs 4

trillion.

About Rs 8.1 trillion of the funding will

be through equity, while debt funding

would be around Rs 18.3 trillion.

While banks will continue to be the

largest financiers of the infrastructure

sector contributing Rs 8.7 trillion,

another Rs 2.6 trillion need to be

raised through external commercial

borrowings. The remaining Rs 7 trillion

With Infra, Banking Needing Trillions, Regulatory Innovation Critical

With Infra, Banking Needing Trillions, Regulatory Innovation CriticalIndia's development over the next five years hinges on how the policy and rules framework facilitates the corporate bond market

Foreign exchange differences

Abnormal wastages

Administration and other

general overhead costs

Companies have an option to

c a p i t a l i z e f o r e i g n e x c h a n g e

differences arising on all long term

borrowings either as an adjustment to

the cost of a related depreciable asset

or by accumulating these differences

in a Foreign Currency Monetary Item

Translation Difference Account, if the

borrowing does not relate to a

depreciable asset.

The balance in Foreign Currency

Monetary Item Translation Difference

Account is subsequently amortised

through the profit and loss account

over the life of the borrowing.

Companies are allowed to continue

such capitalization even subsequent

to the completion of construction of a

qualifying asset, unlike borrowing

costs which are required to be

charged to the profit or loss account

subsequent to construction.

Abnormal amounts of wasted

material, labour and other resources

to be expensed as incurred instead of

being capitalized. A determination of

what should be considered abnormal

is subjective, but some of the factors

to consider include the level of

technical difficulty involved with the

construction, the scale of the project,

the estimates and timelines included

in the project planning, and the usual

construction process for that type of

project.

Administration and other general

overhead expenses are usually

excluded from the cost of fixed assets

because they do not relate to a

specific fixed asset. However, in some

circumstances, such expenses may be

s p e c i f i c a l l y a t t r i b u t a b l e t o

construction of a project or to the

Mr. Akil MasterDirector

Accounting Advisory Services KPMG, India

Authored by:

and generally an engineer's certificate

to the effect of its completion is

obtained. In many cases the interval

between the date a project is ready to

c o m m e n c e c o m m e r c i a l

use/production and the date at which

commercial use/production actually

begins is prolonged, all expenses

incurred during this period are

charged to the profit and loss

statement.

The date of capitalization should be

carefully determined since it is critical

from the accounting perspective as all

expenditures cease to be capitalized

and depreciation of the asset

commences.

The size and duration of infrastructure

projects makes it crucial for a

c o m p a n y t o u n d e r s t a n d t h e

accounting issues these projects face

and their impact on the financial

statements. Therefore systems and

processes need to be prepared to deal

with these accounting challenges in

order to manage the complexities

effectively.

To summarise…

acquisition of a fixed asset or bringing

it to its working condition, may be

included as part of the cost of the

construction project or as a part of the

cost of the fixed asset

Some other common issues which

need careful analysis before deciding

on capitalization are as follows:

lProject support costs - Companies

incur costs to build houses, roads,

water and electricity facilities and

other utilities to support the living

conditions of employees, labour

and general public in the locality

near the project.

lRedevelopment cost - Cost

i n c u r r e d i n a c t i v i t i e s l i k e

negotiation with the tenant to exit

the property (including lease

cancellation cost), obtaining

necessary regulatory approvals

for change in use, redeployment

c o s t o f u s e d a s s e t s , s i t e

restoration cost, etc.

lGovernment incentive - Capital

projects receive grants in the form

of land lease at nominal rentals or

in the form of tax exemption.

lLiquidated damages - Penalties

received from project contractors

for delay in achieving agreed

milestones.

Capitalization of costs should end

when the asset is ready for its

intended use. In case of infrastructure

projects, this happens when the

project is ready for commercial use

Till when are these costs to be

capitalized?

EXPERT SPEAK

Page 21: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

18 19

India's infrastructure and banking

sectors will require a total Rs 10.4

trillion from the bond market over the

next 5 years.

That's about Rs 2.1 trillion a year or 50%

more than what was mopped up by

these sectors in the last fiscal.

Which begs the question, how will

such humongous amounts be raised?

I believe this can be done only through

regulatory support in three areas:

deepening of India's corporate bond

m a r k e t i n c l u d i n g t h r o u g h

innovations, developing credit-

enhancement mechanisms for

infrastructure projects and building

investor appetite for banks' non-

equity capital.

We will need to complement this by

facilitating greater foreign investor

participation and more liberal norms

for long-term investors, apart from

addressing issues of low trading

volumes, issuer concentration and a

weak securitisation market.

On the innovation side, there have

been several encouraging initiatives

this year, such as the first 50-year

rupee bond and the first inflation-

indexed debentures by Indian

companies, five Basel III compliant

issues by banks, and the launch of two

infrastructure debt funds (See box on

page 21).

The requirement & the

challenges

Let us first look at the investment

needs. CRISIL Research presages a

total investment of Rs 26.4 trillion in

the infrastructure sector over the next

five years. Four sectors need the bulk

of this money: the power sector Rs 8.4

trillion, roads Rs 6.3 trillion, railways

Rs 4.3 trillion and urban infra Rs 4

trillion.

About Rs 8.1 trillion of the funding will

be through equity, while debt funding

would be around Rs 18.3 trillion.

While banks will continue to be the

largest financiers of the infrastructure

sector contributing Rs 8.7 trillion,

another Rs 2.6 trillion need to be

raised through external commercial

borrowings. The remaining Rs 7 trillion

With Infra, Banking Needing Trillions, Regulatory Innovation Critical

With Infra, Banking Needing Trillions, Regulatory Innovation CriticalIndia's development over the next five years hinges on how the policy and rules framework facilitates the corporate bond market

Foreign exchange differences

Abnormal wastages

Administration and other

general overhead costs

Companies have an option to

c a p i t a l i z e f o r e i g n e x c h a n g e

differences arising on all long term

borrowings either as an adjustment to

the cost of a related depreciable asset

or by accumulating these differences

in a Foreign Currency Monetary Item

Translation Difference Account, if the

borrowing does not relate to a

depreciable asset.

The balance in Foreign Currency

Monetary Item Translation Difference

Account is subsequently amortised

through the profit and loss account

over the life of the borrowing.

Companies are allowed to continue

such capitalization even subsequent

to the completion of construction of a

qualifying asset, unlike borrowing

costs which are required to be

charged to the profit or loss account

subsequent to construction.

Abnormal amounts of wasted

material, labour and other resources

to be expensed as incurred instead of

being capitalized. A determination of

what should be considered abnormal

is subjective, but some of the factors

to consider include the level of

technical difficulty involved with the

construction, the scale of the project,

the estimates and timelines included

in the project planning, and the usual

construction process for that type of

project.

Administration and other general

overhead expenses are usually

excluded from the cost of fixed assets

because they do not relate to a

specific fixed asset. However, in some

circumstances, such expenses may be

s p e c i f i c a l l y a t t r i b u t a b l e t o

construction of a project or to the

Mr. Akil MasterDirector

Accounting Advisory Services KPMG, India

Authored by:

and generally an engineer's certificate

to the effect of its completion is

obtained. In many cases the interval

between the date a project is ready to

c o m m e n c e c o m m e r c i a l

use/production and the date at which

commercial use/production actually

begins is prolonged, all expenses

incurred during this period are

charged to the profit and loss

statement.

The date of capitalization should be

carefully determined since it is critical

from the accounting perspective as all

expenditures cease to be capitalized

and depreciation of the asset

commences.

The size and duration of infrastructure

projects makes it crucial for a

c o m p a n y t o u n d e r s t a n d t h e

accounting issues these projects face

and their impact on the financial

statements. Therefore systems and

processes need to be prepared to deal

with these accounting challenges in

order to manage the complexities

effectively.

To summarise…

acquisition of a fixed asset or bringing

it to its working condition, may be

included as part of the cost of the

construction project or as a part of the

cost of the fixed asset

Some other common issues which

need careful analysis before deciding

on capitalization are as follows:

lProject support costs - Companies

incur costs to build houses, roads,

water and electricity facilities and

other utilities to support the living

conditions of employees, labour

and general public in the locality

near the project.

lRedevelopment cost - Cost

i n c u r r e d i n a c t i v i t i e s l i k e

negotiation with the tenant to exit

the property (including lease

cancellation cost), obtaining

necessary regulatory approvals

for change in use, redeployment

c o s t o f u s e d a s s e t s , s i t e

restoration cost, etc.

lGovernment incentive - Capital

projects receive grants in the form

of land lease at nominal rentals or

in the form of tax exemption.

lLiquidated damages - Penalties

received from project contractors

for delay in achieving agreed

milestones.

Capitalization of costs should end

when the asset is ready for its

intended use. In case of infrastructure

projects, this happens when the

project is ready for commercial use

Till when are these costs to be

capitalized?

EXPERT SPEAK

Page 22: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

20 21

Recent innovations

India's first 50-year bond

India's first NBFC

Infrastructure Debt Fund

In early July this year, CRISIL

assigned its 'CRISIL AA+/Stable'

rating to Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd's

(M&M's) Rs 500 crore, 50-year non-

convertible debenture issue -- the

first 50-year, plainvanilla rupee-

denominated instrument by an

Indian corporate. The issue

u n d e r s c o r e d t h e i n c r e a s i n g

confidence of investors in corporate

India's long-term prospects. CRISIL

believes investors such as pension

funds and insurance companies can

use such long-tenure instruments to

better align the duration of their

portfolios. The salient features of

the instrument are a tenure of 50

years with bullet redemption,

interest rate of 9.55% per annum,

annual payment of interest, and no

call or put option

In another landmark development in

July this year -- which will enhance

the avai labi l ity of funds for

infrastructure projects through the

Indian debt markets -- CRISIL

assigned its CRISIL AAA/Stable

rating to the Rs 500 crore debenture

issue of India Infradebt Ltd. The

company, which received its licence

in February 2013, is India's first

infrastructure debt fund set up as a

non-banking financial company

under the guidelines issued by the

Reserve Bank of India. An IDF-NBFC

is a new vehicle designed to

facilitate the flow of low-cost, long-

term funds from domestic and

global debt investors to capital-

intensive infrastructure projects.

Late in June, CRISIL assigned its

CRISIL AA+/Stable rating to the Rs

500 crore Tier-II bonds of United

Bank of India. This was the first Tier-

II capital instrument issued in India

u n d e r t h e B a s e l - I I I c a p i t a l

regulations. Five more public sector

undertakings followed suit. The

Reserve Bank of India had advised

the implementation of Basel-III

capital regulations for Indian banks

from April 1, 2013, based on the final

guidelines issued in May 2012. CRISIL

be l ieves the guidel ines wi l l

structurally strengthen India's

banking sector by enhancing the

quantity and quality of capital.

India's first Basel-III compliant

Tier-II bonds

Additionally, with the introduction

of a capital conservation buffer,

banks will be in a better position to

absorb potential losses during

financial crises.

In May this year, CRISIL assigned its

CRISIL AAA/Stable rating to Larsen &

Toubro Ltd's (L&T's) Rs 100 crore

inflation-linked capital-indexed non-

convertible debenture issue, the

first of its kind in the country. These

debentures, which were issued in

the same month, were unique in that

they offered inflation-adjusted

returns to investors based on the

movement in the wholesale price

index (WPI) over the tenure of the

instrument. While the real interest

rate is fixed, the instruments

provide for annual indexation of the

principal, leading to a variable

interest payout. At the end of the

tenure, the redemption value will be

the principal adjusted for the

prevail ing WPI, subject to a

prescribed floor and cap. The salient

features of the debentures are a

tenure of 10 years with bullet

redemption and a real yield of 1.65

per cent per annum.

India's first inflation-indexed

debentures

Ms. Roopa KudvaManaging Director & CEO

CRISIL Ltd

Authored by:

will have to come from the corporate

bond market.

Currently, bond market funding for

infrastructure is primarily indirect, in

the sense that 5 specialised financial

institutions issued nearly 60 per cent

of Rs 1.3 trillion bonds raised in the last

fiscal to fund infrastructure. Another

25 per cent bonds were raised by

central and state government public

sector enterprises.

Only 15 per cent of the funding was

available directly to the private sector

issuers. It is for this segment of the

market that regulatory attention is

needed, with the objective to

encourage direct access of private

infrastructure projects to the bond

market.

This will be possible by focusing on

credit-enhanced structures such as

partial guarantees, securitisation of

annuity and toll collections for

operational roads, and of property tax

receivables of municipal corporations.

Another to-do is to ensure successful

scale-up of the recently launched

infrastructure debt funds (IDFs) in the

form of NBFCs. Two such IDF-NBFCs

have already been launched, both of

which have been rated by CRISIL.

Banks, on the other hand, will seek to

raise Rs 3.4 trillion in non-equity

capital till March 31, 2018. We have

already seen a decent beginning on

this front, with five banks raising Rs 60

billion by issuing Tier II bonds -- all of

which were rated by CRISIL.

But the key challenge will be in raising

money through Tier I non-equity

instruments due to their riskier

features of coupon discretion and

principal loss absorption at specified

capital thresholds.

So to build investor appetite for such

instruments, guidelines for long-term

investors will need to include eligibility

for Tier I instruments.

The regulatory facilitation so far

lIRDA has created headroom for

insurer investments in AA-rated

corporate bonds by clubbing

investment limits in government

s e c u r i t i e s w i t h A A A - r a t e d

corporate bonds.

lIRDA has also taken many enabling

steps, such as approving the issue

of NCDs of India Infradebt Ltd to be

reckoned as investment in

infrastructure sector by insurers.

lThe Employees' Provident Fund

Organisation, India's largest

investor with a corpus of Rs

5,46,000 crore, has made its

investment policy a little more

inclusive by adding more names for

investment in bonds.

lRecently, the Reserve Bank of

India (RBI) proposed allowing

banks to offer partial credit

enhancements to corporate bonds

by way of providing credit and

l i q u i d i t y f a c i l i t i e s t o t h e

corporates, and not by way of

guarantee. Guidelines in this

regard are expected shortly.

lThe RBI has also allowed foreign

institutional investors (FIIs),

qualified foreign investors and

long-term investors registered

with the Securities and Exchange

Board of India - such as sovereign

w e a l t h f u n d s , m u l t i l a t e r a l

agencies, pension/ insurance/

endowment funds and foreign

central banks to invest up to $5

billion in credit-enhanced bonds

issued locally by Indian companies.

In the circular, the RBI said the $5

billion limit would be part of the

overall $51 billion quota for

corporate debt investment by FIIs.

Meanwhile, the bond market stirs

Recent issuance trends have been

encouraging and follow policymakers'

efforts to remove impediments.

Fiscal 2012 saw a 31% increase in

issuances to Rs 2,51,000 crore over

fiscal 2011, while in the last fiscal, they

rose 39% to Rs 3,50,000 crore. The

number of issuers, too, increased

from 182 to 267 in the period.

However, adverse domestic business

environment, currency volatility and

high interest rates have led to a

decline in issuance volume in the first

half of the current fiscal by 13% to Rs

1.22 trillion as regular issuers stepped

back.

Yet, even though the total issuance

volume fell, there is visible growth in

both the number of issuers and

issuances. This is because private

sector issuers have been accessing the

bond market despite adverse

conditions.

To be sure, there are other enabling

factors, too, today. With 24,000 firms

rated by local rating agencies - the

largest number in the world-

availability of credible information and

analysis in the public domain has never

been so high.

All of the above, I believe, are signs of

a structural strengthening of India's

bond market. Truly, an inflection

point could be at hand -- conditions

enabling.

Page 23: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

20 21

Recent innovations

India's first 50-year bond

India's first NBFC

Infrastructure Debt Fund

In early July this year, CRISIL

assigned its 'CRISIL AA+/Stable'

rating to Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd's

(M&M's) Rs 500 crore, 50-year non-

convertible debenture issue -- the

first 50-year, plainvanilla rupee-

denominated instrument by an

Indian corporate. The issue

u n d e r s c o r e d t h e i n c r e a s i n g

confidence of investors in corporate

India's long-term prospects. CRISIL

believes investors such as pension

funds and insurance companies can

use such long-tenure instruments to

better align the duration of their

portfolios. The salient features of

the instrument are a tenure of 50

years with bullet redemption,

interest rate of 9.55% per annum,

annual payment of interest, and no

call or put option

In another landmark development in

July this year -- which will enhance

the avai labi l ity of funds for

infrastructure projects through the

Indian debt markets -- CRISIL

assigned its CRISIL AAA/Stable

rating to the Rs 500 crore debenture

issue of India Infradebt Ltd. The

company, which received its licence

in February 2013, is India's first

infrastructure debt fund set up as a

non-banking financial company

under the guidelines issued by the

Reserve Bank of India. An IDF-NBFC

is a new vehicle designed to

facilitate the flow of low-cost, long-

term funds from domestic and

global debt investors to capital-

intensive infrastructure projects.

Late in June, CRISIL assigned its

CRISIL AA+/Stable rating to the Rs

500 crore Tier-II bonds of United

Bank of India. This was the first Tier-

II capital instrument issued in India

u n d e r t h e B a s e l - I I I c a p i t a l

regulations. Five more public sector

undertakings followed suit. The

Reserve Bank of India had advised

the implementation of Basel-III

capital regulations for Indian banks

from April 1, 2013, based on the final

guidelines issued in May 2012. CRISIL

be l ieves the guidel ines wi l l

structurally strengthen India's

banking sector by enhancing the

quantity and quality of capital.

India's first Basel-III compliant

Tier-II bonds

Additionally, with the introduction

of a capital conservation buffer,

banks will be in a better position to

absorb potential losses during

financial crises.

In May this year, CRISIL assigned its

CRISIL AAA/Stable rating to Larsen &

Toubro Ltd's (L&T's) Rs 100 crore

inflation-linked capital-indexed non-

convertible debenture issue, the

first of its kind in the country. These

debentures, which were issued in

the same month, were unique in that

they offered inflation-adjusted

returns to investors based on the

movement in the wholesale price

index (WPI) over the tenure of the

instrument. While the real interest

rate is fixed, the instruments

provide for annual indexation of the

principal, leading to a variable

interest payout. At the end of the

tenure, the redemption value will be

the principal adjusted for the

prevail ing WPI, subject to a

prescribed floor and cap. The salient

features of the debentures are a

tenure of 10 years with bullet

redemption and a real yield of 1.65

per cent per annum.

India's first inflation-indexed

debentures

Ms. Roopa KudvaManaging Director & CEO

CRISIL Ltd

Authored by:

will have to come from the corporate

bond market.

Currently, bond market funding for

infrastructure is primarily indirect, in

the sense that 5 specialised financial

institutions issued nearly 60 per cent

of Rs 1.3 trillion bonds raised in the last

fiscal to fund infrastructure. Another

25 per cent bonds were raised by

central and state government public

sector enterprises.

Only 15 per cent of the funding was

available directly to the private sector

issuers. It is for this segment of the

market that regulatory attention is

needed, with the objective to

encourage direct access of private

infrastructure projects to the bond

market.

This will be possible by focusing on

credit-enhanced structures such as

partial guarantees, securitisation of

annuity and toll collections for

operational roads, and of property tax

receivables of municipal corporations.

Another to-do is to ensure successful

scale-up of the recently launched

infrastructure debt funds (IDFs) in the

form of NBFCs. Two such IDF-NBFCs

have already been launched, both of

which have been rated by CRISIL.

Banks, on the other hand, will seek to

raise Rs 3.4 trillion in non-equity

capital till March 31, 2018. We have

already seen a decent beginning on

this front, with five banks raising Rs 60

billion by issuing Tier II bonds -- all of

which were rated by CRISIL.

But the key challenge will be in raising

money through Tier I non-equity

instruments due to their riskier

features of coupon discretion and

principal loss absorption at specified

capital thresholds.

So to build investor appetite for such

instruments, guidelines for long-term

investors will need to include eligibility

for Tier I instruments.

The regulatory facilitation so far

lIRDA has created headroom for

insurer investments in AA-rated

corporate bonds by clubbing

investment limits in government

s e c u r i t i e s w i t h A A A - r a t e d

corporate bonds.

lIRDA has also taken many enabling

steps, such as approving the issue

of NCDs of India Infradebt Ltd to be

reckoned as investment in

infrastructure sector by insurers.

lThe Employees' Provident Fund

Organisation, India's largest

investor with a corpus of Rs

5,46,000 crore, has made its

investment policy a little more

inclusive by adding more names for

investment in bonds.

lRecently, the Reserve Bank of

India (RBI) proposed allowing

banks to offer partial credit

enhancements to corporate bonds

by way of providing credit and

l i q u i d i t y f a c i l i t i e s t o t h e

corporates, and not by way of

guarantee. Guidelines in this

regard are expected shortly.

lThe RBI has also allowed foreign

institutional investors (FIIs),

qualified foreign investors and

long-term investors registered

with the Securities and Exchange

Board of India - such as sovereign

w e a l t h f u n d s , m u l t i l a t e r a l

agencies, pension/ insurance/

endowment funds and foreign

central banks to invest up to $5

billion in credit-enhanced bonds

issued locally by Indian companies.

In the circular, the RBI said the $5

billion limit would be part of the

overall $51 billion quota for

corporate debt investment by FIIs.

Meanwhile, the bond market stirs

Recent issuance trends have been

encouraging and follow policymakers'

efforts to remove impediments.

Fiscal 2012 saw a 31% increase in

issuances to Rs 2,51,000 crore over

fiscal 2011, while in the last fiscal, they

rose 39% to Rs 3,50,000 crore. The

number of issuers, too, increased

from 182 to 267 in the period.

However, adverse domestic business

environment, currency volatility and

high interest rates have led to a

decline in issuance volume in the first

half of the current fiscal by 13% to Rs

1.22 trillion as regular issuers stepped

back.

Yet, even though the total issuance

volume fell, there is visible growth in

both the number of issuers and

issuances. This is because private

sector issuers have been accessing the

bond market despite adverse

conditions.

To be sure, there are other enabling

factors, too, today. With 24,000 firms

rated by local rating agencies - the

largest number in the world-

availability of credible information and

analysis in the public domain has never

been so high.

All of the above, I believe, are signs of

a structural strengthening of India's

bond market. Truly, an inflection

point could be at hand -- conditions

enabling.

Page 24: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

22 23

secondary market expansion and

going by these numbers, the

current situation needs to improve

drastically.

Why do Indian companies not access

the debt markets regularly? One of the

reasons has to do with a mindset issue

amongst Indian promoters. A

combination of a strong equity culture

and persistently high and rising

interest rates has biased the promoter

community against large scale

issuance of fixed-rate securities. Some

of the other factors are:

a. Tax Arbitrage claims its pound of

flesh

Along with the development of a

sound and efficient bond market,

the taxation system should keep

p a c e a n d e n s u r e i t c a n

accommodate structural changes.

Unfortunately, the current tax

system has also contributed to the

limited participation in corporate

bond markets by creating an

artificial incentive to invest in

equity or debt Mutual Funds as

opposed to direct bonds.

Interest earned on investment in

bonds is taxed at Maximum

Marginal Rate (MMR), while

dividends on equity are tax free.

Further, the benefits of indexation

and lower capital gains tax on Debt

mutual funds creates a tax

disadvantage for corporate and

individuals while investing directly

in bonds.

b. Bank monopoly crowds out

smaller players

The lack of depth in debt market

leaves large companies dependent

upon the banking system, giving

them a quasi-monopoly position.

Banks, then, have less and more

Many challenges plaguing the

sector

costly capital to lend to the small

and medium-size enterprises.

Ultimately, this raises the overall

cost of financing as other debt

instruments take cues from bank

rates and deters corporate

borrowers from tapping debt

markets.

c. Absence of a sound credit rating

ecosystem

One of the most important

elements missing in India is a

robust, transparent, easy-to-

access credit rating industry, which

makes bond markets attractive

and accessible. A well-supervised

and established credit rating

industry can provide investors with

information, comfort and relative

surety regarding the type of

securities they are trading in. This

will undoubtedly lead to more

issuances as well as secondary

market transactions. Further, the

benefits would accrue to non-AAA

rated bonds as well, thereby

deepening the market.

d. Other systemic weaknesses

Factors such as lack of benchmark

securities, shallow secondary

market, lack of market participants

other than banks and insurance

companies, etc conspire to make

the bond market unattractive for

private issuers as well as investors.

The regulator is cognizant of these

challenges and seems to be taking

steps to alleviate the situation. A few

positive developments include

removal of the Rs.70,000Cr cap on

outstanding government issuances,

reduction in withholding tax to 5%for

FIIs/QIBs, deregulation of interest

rates on savings account and

increasing FII limits, to mention a few.

The woods are lovely, dark and

deep, but I have miles to go

before I sleep...

There has also been talk of including

India in the JPMorgan Government

Bond Emerging Markets Index. This

could be a game-changer for flows

into Indian bonds as this index is

tracked by an AUM of almost USD

240bn, potentially attracting between

USD 20-40bn a year to India.

However, a lot still needs to be done

to bring Indian debt markets at a level

comparable to global markets. Some

of these steps may be as follows:

a. Unified Trading Platform

SEBI recently underscored the

need for unified trading platform

for deepening the corporate debt

market, and said it is working with

all stakeholders, including the

Reserve Bank of India (RBI), to

usher in such a facility. Just as

government securities have the

Clearing Corporation of India Ltd.

(CCI) platform to report and settle

a transaction, the corporate bond

market also requires a unified

platform, SEBI Chairman Mr U.K.

Sinha said recently. Underlining

the need for integration, he cited

the case of commercial papers and

certificate of deposits, saying the

settlements happen in one

particular stock exchange, while

t h e r e p o r t i n g h a p p e n s

Corporate Bond Market in India – Challenges and Opportunities

Corporate Bond Market in India – Challenges and Opportunities

C

Size a reflection of maturity?

orporate Bond markets play a

crucial role in the development of

an economy, by efficiently allocating

capital across the economy, providing

diversification of risk to the investor

community and also strengthening

the stability of the investment

ecosystem.

It is a well-known fact that the

Government and Corporate Bond

market in India lag not only the

developed world but also China and

other Asian countries. According to

the Asian arm of the Securities

Industry and Financial Markets

Association, the total size of the bond

market in India at about USD 100bn in

2012 is approx. 25% of the Chinese

bond market and 69% of the Korean

bond market.

Another interesting statistic is the

bond outstanding to GDP ratio. India,

which is Asia's third largest economy,

has a ratio of merely 5.5%. This puts us

behind every country in Asia (apart

from Indonesia). To put this in

perspective, China that has a bond-to-

GDP ratio of about 24%. A CII survey

suggests our ratio may rise from

approx. 5.5% to 15% by the end of the

12th Plan, but that is tough to imagine.

a. Indian corporate bonds fare poorly

Indian Corporate Bond market

fare even worse when compared

to Government bonds. India's

corporate bond issuance is less

than one-fifth of China's and less

than one-quarter of Korea's

corporate bond market. Corporate

securities comprise only 20% of the

total amount of outstanding

bonds in India, with a mere 5% of

that raised through Public Issues.

b. Dismal secondary market volumes

An analysis of secondary market

trading also paints a sad picture for

Indian corporate bonds. In FY13,

the ratio of total volumes traded to

outstanding debt was 0.57 times

for corporate debt and 1.58 times

for Government Securities. The

volume to debt ratio is regarded as

a measure of the potential for

Page 25: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

22 23

secondary market expansion and

going by these numbers, the

current situation needs to improve

drastically.

Why do Indian companies not access

the debt markets regularly? One of the

reasons has to do with a mindset issue

amongst Indian promoters. A

combination of a strong equity culture

and persistently high and rising

interest rates has biased the promoter

community against large scale

issuance of fixed-rate securities. Some

of the other factors are:

a. Tax Arbitrage claims its pound of

flesh

Along with the development of a

sound and efficient bond market,

the taxation system should keep

p a c e a n d e n s u r e i t c a n

accommodate structural changes.

Unfortunately, the current tax

system has also contributed to the

limited participation in corporate

bond markets by creating an

artificial incentive to invest in

equity or debt Mutual Funds as

opposed to direct bonds.

Interest earned on investment in

bonds is taxed at Maximum

Marginal Rate (MMR), while

dividends on equity are tax free.

Further, the benefits of indexation

and lower capital gains tax on Debt

mutual funds creates a tax

disadvantage for corporate and

individuals while investing directly

in bonds.

b. Bank monopoly crowds out

smaller players

The lack of depth in debt market

leaves large companies dependent

upon the banking system, giving

them a quasi-monopoly position.

Banks, then, have less and more

Many challenges plaguing the

sector

costly capital to lend to the small

and medium-size enterprises.

Ultimately, this raises the overall

cost of financing as other debt

instruments take cues from bank

rates and deters corporate

borrowers from tapping debt

markets.

c. Absence of a sound credit rating

ecosystem

One of the most important

elements missing in India is a

robust, transparent, easy-to-

access credit rating industry, which

makes bond markets attractive

and accessible. A well-supervised

and established credit rating

industry can provide investors with

information, comfort and relative

surety regarding the type of

securities they are trading in. This

will undoubtedly lead to more

issuances as well as secondary

market transactions. Further, the

benefits would accrue to non-AAA

rated bonds as well, thereby

deepening the market.

d. Other systemic weaknesses

Factors such as lack of benchmark

securities, shallow secondary

market, lack of market participants

other than banks and insurance

companies, etc conspire to make

the bond market unattractive for

private issuers as well as investors.

The regulator is cognizant of these

challenges and seems to be taking

steps to alleviate the situation. A few

positive developments include

removal of the Rs.70,000Cr cap on

outstanding government issuances,

reduction in withholding tax to 5%for

FIIs/QIBs, deregulation of interest

rates on savings account and

increasing FII limits, to mention a few.

The woods are lovely, dark and

deep, but I have miles to go

before I sleep...

There has also been talk of including

India in the JPMorgan Government

Bond Emerging Markets Index. This

could be a game-changer for flows

into Indian bonds as this index is

tracked by an AUM of almost USD

240bn, potentially attracting between

USD 20-40bn a year to India.

However, a lot still needs to be done

to bring Indian debt markets at a level

comparable to global markets. Some

of these steps may be as follows:

a. Unified Trading Platform

SEBI recently underscored the

need for unified trading platform

for deepening the corporate debt

market, and said it is working with

all stakeholders, including the

Reserve Bank of India (RBI), to

usher in such a facility. Just as

government securities have the

Clearing Corporation of India Ltd.

(CCI) platform to report and settle

a transaction, the corporate bond

market also requires a unified

platform, SEBI Chairman Mr U.K.

Sinha said recently. Underlining

the need for integration, he cited

the case of commercial papers and

certificate of deposits, saying the

settlements happen in one

particular stock exchange, while

t h e r e p o r t i n g h a p p e n s

Corporate Bond Market in India – Challenges and Opportunities

Corporate Bond Market in India – Challenges and Opportunities

C

Size a reflection of maturity?

orporate Bond markets play a

crucial role in the development of

an economy, by efficiently allocating

capital across the economy, providing

diversification of risk to the investor

community and also strengthening

the stability of the investment

ecosystem.

It is a well-known fact that the

Government and Corporate Bond

market in India lag not only the

developed world but also China and

other Asian countries. According to

the Asian arm of the Securities

Industry and Financial Markets

Association, the total size of the bond

market in India at about USD 100bn in

2012 is approx. 25% of the Chinese

bond market and 69% of the Korean

bond market.

Another interesting statistic is the

bond outstanding to GDP ratio. India,

which is Asia's third largest economy,

has a ratio of merely 5.5%. This puts us

behind every country in Asia (apart

from Indonesia). To put this in

perspective, China that has a bond-to-

GDP ratio of about 24%. A CII survey

suggests our ratio may rise from

approx. 5.5% to 15% by the end of the

12th Plan, but that is tough to imagine.

a. Indian corporate bonds fare poorly

Indian Corporate Bond market

fare even worse when compared

to Government bonds. India's

corporate bond issuance is less

than one-fifth of China's and less

than one-quarter of Korea's

corporate bond market. Corporate

securities comprise only 20% of the

total amount of outstanding

bonds in India, with a mere 5% of

that raised through Public Issues.

b. Dismal secondary market volumes

An analysis of secondary market

trading also paints a sad picture for

Indian corporate bonds. In FY13,

the ratio of total volumes traded to

outstanding debt was 0.57 times

for corporate debt and 1.58 times

for Government Securities. The

volume to debt ratio is regarded as

a measure of the potential for

Page 26: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

24 25

Corporate Debt Market – Future ProspectsCorporate Debt Market – Future Prospects

Development of the corporate debt

market has always been a focus area

for the regulators as this is seen as an

important segment to address

corporate funding needs. With the

increasing focus on the infrastructure

sector and its requirement for long

term funds, it is felt that corporate

debt market can play an important

role here.

G i v e n t h i s b a c k g r o u n d , t h e

Government set up the R H Patil

c o m m i t t e e t o c o m e u p w i t h

recommendations for development

of the corporate debt market. The

Committee in the year 2006 came out

with a series of recommendations to

address many of the issues pertaining

to the market structure, regulations,

trading infrastructure etc. Many of

these recommendat ions were

implemented by the regulators over

the last few years. Some of these

steps have started yielding dividends

as the corporate debt market has seen

robust growth in the last few years. In

the years 2011-12 and 2012-13, based on

data from CRISIL, corporate debt

issuances surged 31% and 39%

respectively over the previous years.

The reasons for the surge have been

attributed to steps like simplification

of the issuance process, changes in

investment norms for insurance

companies and provident funds,

growth in mutual fund assets etc.

However despite this growth, the

market still has a long way to go.

Firstly, in terms of size the corporate

bond market as estimated by CRISIL is

still only 14% of GDP compared with 40-

70% for developed market. Secondly,

issuances are largely in short and

medium term buckets with long term

issuances far and few between.

Thirdly, the market is dominated by

higher credit quality issuers and

issuers from the BFSI segment. The

share of issuers of rating AA - and

above has increased over the last few

years. Corporate debt market

continues to be out of reach for the

infrastructure sector.

The issues that are hindering the

growth of the corporate debt market

are both macro and micro.

Macro-level issues

To understand the macro issues there

is a need to analyze the sources of

household savings in India.

Source: RBI

Amount (Rsbn) as on 31 March 2013 Percent

Banks 5,966 54.4

Non- banking deposits 204 1.9

Insurance Companies 1,795 16.4

Provident Funds 1,596 14.6

Shares & debentures 344 3.1

Claims on Government -90 -0.8

Trade Debt(Net) 32 0.3

Currency 1,121 10.2

TOTAL 10,969 100.0

Table i

somewhere else. Removal of these

anomalies will go a long way in

increasing the depth in the debt

markets.

b. Benchmark yield curve aids fair

pricing, increases confidence

Benchmark yield curve and rates

define the structure of interest

rates, influence investors' future

e x p e c t a t i o n s a b o u t r a t e

fluctuations, and are used as

hedging tools. A liquid benchmark

at every level of the yield curve

reflects the risk-free rate and

enables more transparent and

efficient pricing of risk in primary

as well as secondary markets. Low

liquidity in secondary markets

result in volatility and even small

trades can move the market price

significantly. Needless to say, this

acts as a deterrent for serious

investors. Fair pricing in secondary

market will lead to realistic,

transparent price discovery and

trading, leading to more market

participation.

c. Introduce Futures, Interest rate

and currency swaps, derivatives

In addition to the secondary

market, we also need to develop a

event of a counterparty default,

the terminated transactions are

valued and netted under close-out

netting. India could learn from this

and incorporate a localised version

of the same.

a. There has been some growth in the

corporate debt market in terms of

both primary issuances and

secondary market activity.

b. However, primary issuances are

still dominated by the private

placement segment and further,

the financial sector is more active

here.

c. The GSec market still dominates

the overall debt market and the

volumes traded are still a little less

than 10 times that in the corporate

debt market.

d. The focus must be on improving

liquidity in the corporate debt

market as this is a prerequisite for

more interest in the primary

segment.

e. While the regulator has taken

some steps, it can reduce the tax

arbitrage by bringing the taxation

on corporate bonds at par with

equity or listed debt, thereby

encouraging far more companies

to come to the market, and far

more investors from considering

direct bond investments.

Summary

bond futures market as it helps

primary dealers and market

participants to hedge risks. Bond

futures will promote large volume

active calls on the market, facilitate

the growth of OTC derivatives

market and contribute to its

stability and security.

Low liquidity has also led to high

and dysfunctional Bid-Ask spreads,

which amount to 10 bps on

average, compared to less than

3bps in China. A well-oiled

secondary market with access to

derivatives should wipe out these

a n o m a l i e s . I n v e s t o r s n e e d

derivatives in order to hedge,

speculate and offset risk, which in

turn enhances liquidity. Interest-

rate swaps, currency swaps and

credit derivatives are important

parts of international debt markets

and India should take the

experience of the developed world

and introduce them as well.

d. Close-out netting

An important factor in global debt

markets is the recognition of close-

out netting, which is a well-

established practice in the most

advanced financial markets. In the Mr Nirmal Jain

ChairmanIndia Infoline Limited

Authored by:

Page 27: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

24 25

Corporate Debt Market – Future ProspectsCorporate Debt Market – Future Prospects

Development of the corporate debt

market has always been a focus area

for the regulators as this is seen as an

important segment to address

corporate funding needs. With the

increasing focus on the infrastructure

sector and its requirement for long

term funds, it is felt that corporate

debt market can play an important

role here.

G i v e n t h i s b a c k g r o u n d , t h e

Government set up the R H Patil

c o m m i t t e e t o c o m e u p w i t h

recommendations for development

of the corporate debt market. The

Committee in the year 2006 came out

with a series of recommendations to

address many of the issues pertaining

to the market structure, regulations,

trading infrastructure etc. Many of

these recommendat ions were

implemented by the regulators over

the last few years. Some of these

steps have started yielding dividends

as the corporate debt market has seen

robust growth in the last few years. In

the years 2011-12 and 2012-13, based on

data from CRISIL, corporate debt

issuances surged 31% and 39%

respectively over the previous years.

The reasons for the surge have been

attributed to steps like simplification

of the issuance process, changes in

investment norms for insurance

companies and provident funds,

growth in mutual fund assets etc.

However despite this growth, the

market still has a long way to go.

Firstly, in terms of size the corporate

bond market as estimated by CRISIL is

still only 14% of GDP compared with 40-

70% for developed market. Secondly,

issuances are largely in short and

medium term buckets with long term

issuances far and few between.

Thirdly, the market is dominated by

higher credit quality issuers and

issuers from the BFSI segment. The

share of issuers of rating AA - and

above has increased over the last few

years. Corporate debt market

continues to be out of reach for the

infrastructure sector.

The issues that are hindering the

growth of the corporate debt market

are both macro and micro.

Macro-level issues

To understand the macro issues there

is a need to analyze the sources of

household savings in India.

Source: RBI

Amount (Rsbn) as on 31 March 2013 Percent

Banks 5,966 54.4

Non- banking deposits 204 1.9

Insurance Companies 1,795 16.4

Provident Funds 1,596 14.6

Shares & debentures 344 3.1

Claims on Government -90 -0.8

Trade Debt(Net) 32 0.3

Currency 1,121 10.2

TOTAL 10,969 100.0

Table i

somewhere else. Removal of these

anomalies will go a long way in

increasing the depth in the debt

markets.

b. Benchmark yield curve aids fair

pricing, increases confidence

Benchmark yield curve and rates

define the structure of interest

rates, influence investors' future

e x p e c t a t i o n s a b o u t r a t e

fluctuations, and are used as

hedging tools. A liquid benchmark

at every level of the yield curve

reflects the risk-free rate and

enables more transparent and

efficient pricing of risk in primary

as well as secondary markets. Low

liquidity in secondary markets

result in volatility and even small

trades can move the market price

significantly. Needless to say, this

acts as a deterrent for serious

investors. Fair pricing in secondary

market will lead to realistic,

transparent price discovery and

trading, leading to more market

participation.

c. Introduce Futures, Interest rate

and currency swaps, derivatives

In addition to the secondary

market, we also need to develop a

event of a counterparty default,

the terminated transactions are

valued and netted under close-out

netting. India could learn from this

and incorporate a localised version

of the same.

a. There has been some growth in the

corporate debt market in terms of

both primary issuances and

secondary market activity.

b. However, primary issuances are

still dominated by the private

placement segment and further,

the financial sector is more active

here.

c. The GSec market still dominates

the overall debt market and the

volumes traded are still a little less

than 10 times that in the corporate

debt market.

d. The focus must be on improving

liquidity in the corporate debt

market as this is a prerequisite for

more interest in the primary

segment.

e. While the regulator has taken

some steps, it can reduce the tax

arbitrage by bringing the taxation

on corporate bonds at par with

equity or listed debt, thereby

encouraging far more companies

to come to the market, and far

more investors from considering

direct bond investments.

Summary

bond futures market as it helps

primary dealers and market

participants to hedge risks. Bond

futures will promote large volume

active calls on the market, facilitate

the growth of OTC derivatives

market and contribute to its

stability and security.

Low liquidity has also led to high

and dysfunctional Bid-Ask spreads,

which amount to 10 bps on

average, compared to less than

3bps in China. A well-oiled

secondary market with access to

derivatives should wipe out these

a n o m a l i e s . I n v e s t o r s n e e d

derivatives in order to hedge,

speculate and offset risk, which in

turn enhances liquidity. Interest-

rate swaps, currency swaps and

credit derivatives are important

parts of international debt markets

and India should take the

experience of the developed world

and introduce them as well.

d. Close-out netting

An important factor in global debt

markets is the recognition of close-

out netting, which is a well-

established practice in the most

advanced financial markets. In the Mr Nirmal Jain

ChairmanIndia Infoline Limited

Authored by:

Page 28: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

26 27

CII's 9th International Corporate Governance Summit focuses

on the need to adapt to changing social & political structures

The 9th International Corporate

Governance Summit, organized on

20th December at Mumbai, was

inaugurated by Mr. U K Sinha,

Chairman, Securities & Exchange

Board of India (SEBI). During the

Inaugural Address, Mr Sinha drew

attention to the strong upsurge

towards democracy, accountability

and transparency across the world in

the last five years. He advised the

corporates not to ignore these social

and political happenings in the larger

society as corporates are also

governed by the same considerations

and guiding principles that govern the

rest of society. Explaining this further,

Mr Sinha said, "Adding to this is the US

financial crisis where it was found that

many corporations acted recklessly,

took too much risk, went for short

term gains, had lax monitoring and

had policies not in the best interest of

shareholders. These have led to

shareholder impatience and the

strengthening of regulatory actions

against corporates".

Chairman, SEBI also announced that

the new set of corporate governance

guidelines for listed companies were

being finalized and were expected to

be announced shortly. Mr. Sinha also

referred to international corporate

governance practices with the

intention of driving the need to be in

L to RMr P R Ramesh, Chairman, Deloitte India; Mr Chandrajit Banerjee, Director General, CII; Mr U K Sinha, Chairman, Securities & Exchange Board of India; Mr K V Kamath, Past President and Chairman, Council on Corporate Governance & Regulatory Affairs, CII; at the 9th International Corporate Governance Summit held on 20th December 2013 at Mumbai.

CII's Recent InitiativesCII's Recent InitiativesThe following observations can be made from the data in table i:

lIndia remains a primarily a bank driven market despite the growth of the mutual fund and insurance sectors in the last few years. With the increasing focus on financial inclusion, the share of banks as a source of savings is bound to stay high.

lThe growth in mutual funds has also been largely led by equity, liquid and short term funds. The share of mutual fund money devoted to medium and long term bond funds is still not significant.

lThe insurance and PF segments are restr icted to the organized segments of the market and thus have their own limitations.

lD i r e c t r e t a i l i n v e s t m e n t i n corporate debt has been and will continue to be miniscule and cannot be the driver for corporate debt growth.

lWhile foreign investment in Indian debt remains an option, there are certain concerns in increasing dependency on this segment. This will be discussed in detail in the following sections.

Thus any strategy for growth of the corporate debt market has to consider the role of banks in this segment and the issues faced by them in this regard. Some of these issues are structural in nature and have their roots in long standing problems faced at the macroeconomic level.

Fiscal deficit:

The Indian government has a track record of running high fiscal deficits over the years. While fiscal deficit had marginally reduced in the early and mid-2000s, following the crisis of 2008 the government had to resort to fiscal stimulation to keep the economy afloat. The net impact of the high fiscal deficit is a classic "crowding out" effect.Thus with the biggest pool of domestic savings having only limited participation in the corporate debt market, the growth of the market is muted to that extent.

High reserve requirements:

Banks have to invest 23% of their liabilities in government securities as part of their Statutory Liquidity Reserve (SLR) requirements. This not only pre-empts the bank's funds but also increases the bank's overall cost of funds, given the lower yields on government securities as compared to the cost of bank deposits. This severely restricts the ability of banks to participate in corporate debt, especially the high quality credit. The same holds true for investments by insurance companies and provident funds also who are mandated to invest in government securities as per their regulatory requirements.

Current account deficit:

The current account deficit also restricts the ability of the country to rely on investments by foreign investors in Indian debt. As long as the country is running a current account def ic i t , the currency remains vulnerable to any external shock and consequent withdrawal of foreign investors from the domestic debt market. The sharp depreciation of the rupee in mid-2013 following the Fed taper fears and the selloff by FIIs will make the regulators cautious about completely opening up the Indian debt market to foreigners.

Micro-level issues

At a micro level, there are certain preferences of both borrowers and lenders that also act as deterrents for the development of a corporate debt market. Borrowers, especially the weaker credits, prefer to borrow directly from banks by way of loans even if it involves paying a slightly higher cost. This is because loans give corporates the flexibility to negotiate terms with a single lender not only at the time of taking the loan but also at a later date if there is a need to restructure the loan.

From the bank's perspective the single biggest benefit that loans provide is that they need not be marked to market unlike corporate debt. This helps protect the bank's

Profit & Loss when interest rates are volatile. In addition, provisioning norms in case of loans provide flexibility to the banks while in case of corporate debt any kind of default gets reflected in the mark to market immediately. This issue will partly get addressed once banks start marking to market the loan portfolios also. However t i l l that t ime banks participation in corporate debt may be restricted to top credits only.

Banks also have constraints in terms of the tenor of the structure of their liabilities which are largely short and medium term in nature. Thus banks do not have the ability to invest in long term debt to fund the infrastructure sector.

Any steps taken for the development of the corporate debt market cannot be to the exclusion of the banking system as banks are the biggest channels of disintermediation. However banks themselves are constrained because of both macro level and micro level issues/ At the macro level, till the government addresses the twin deficit problem, this will be one of the biggest drags on t h e b a n k i n g s y s t e m i n t h e i r participation in the debt market. In addition, because of preferences of both banks and corporates, the corporate debt market will initially show growth only for top rated credits and for short to medium maturities. Only when these segments fully develop, we are likely to see growth in the infrastructure debt segment.

Conclusions

Mr Mohan Shenoi, PresidentGroup Treasury and Global Markets

Kotak Mahindra Bank

Authored by:

Disclaimer: The views expressed in the article are personal and do not reflect the views of Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd.

Page 29: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

26 27

CII's 9th International Corporate Governance Summit focuses

on the need to adapt to changing social & political structures

The 9th International Corporate

Governance Summit, organized on

20th December at Mumbai, was

inaugurated by Mr. U K Sinha,

Chairman, Securities & Exchange

Board of India (SEBI). During the

Inaugural Address, Mr Sinha drew

attention to the strong upsurge

towards democracy, accountability

and transparency across the world in

the last five years. He advised the

corporates not to ignore these social

and political happenings in the larger

society as corporates are also

governed by the same considerations

and guiding principles that govern the

rest of society. Explaining this further,

Mr Sinha said, "Adding to this is the US

financial crisis where it was found that

many corporations acted recklessly,

took too much risk, went for short

term gains, had lax monitoring and

had policies not in the best interest of

shareholders. These have led to

shareholder impatience and the

strengthening of regulatory actions

against corporates".

Chairman, SEBI also announced that

the new set of corporate governance

guidelines for listed companies were

being finalized and were expected to

be announced shortly. Mr. Sinha also

referred to international corporate

governance practices with the

intention of driving the need to be in

L to RMr P R Ramesh, Chairman, Deloitte India; Mr Chandrajit Banerjee, Director General, CII; Mr U K Sinha, Chairman, Securities & Exchange Board of India; Mr K V Kamath, Past President and Chairman, Council on Corporate Governance & Regulatory Affairs, CII; at the 9th International Corporate Governance Summit held on 20th December 2013 at Mumbai.

CII's Recent InitiativesCII's Recent InitiativesThe following observations can be made from the data in table i:

lIndia remains a primarily a bank driven market despite the growth of the mutual fund and insurance sectors in the last few years. With the increasing focus on financial inclusion, the share of banks as a source of savings is bound to stay high.

lThe growth in mutual funds has also been largely led by equity, liquid and short term funds. The share of mutual fund money devoted to medium and long term bond funds is still not significant.

lThe insurance and PF segments are restr icted to the organized segments of the market and thus have their own limitations.

lD i r e c t r e t a i l i n v e s t m e n t i n corporate debt has been and will continue to be miniscule and cannot be the driver for corporate debt growth.

lWhile foreign investment in Indian debt remains an option, there are certain concerns in increasing dependency on this segment. This will be discussed in detail in the following sections.

Thus any strategy for growth of the corporate debt market has to consider the role of banks in this segment and the issues faced by them in this regard. Some of these issues are structural in nature and have their roots in long standing problems faced at the macroeconomic level.

Fiscal deficit:

The Indian government has a track record of running high fiscal deficits over the years. While fiscal deficit had marginally reduced in the early and mid-2000s, following the crisis of 2008 the government had to resort to fiscal stimulation to keep the economy afloat. The net impact of the high fiscal deficit is a classic "crowding out" effect.Thus with the biggest pool of domestic savings having only limited participation in the corporate debt market, the growth of the market is muted to that extent.

High reserve requirements:

Banks have to invest 23% of their liabilities in government securities as part of their Statutory Liquidity Reserve (SLR) requirements. This not only pre-empts the bank's funds but also increases the bank's overall cost of funds, given the lower yields on government securities as compared to the cost of bank deposits. This severely restricts the ability of banks to participate in corporate debt, especially the high quality credit. The same holds true for investments by insurance companies and provident funds also who are mandated to invest in government securities as per their regulatory requirements.

Current account deficit:

The current account deficit also restricts the ability of the country to rely on investments by foreign investors in Indian debt. As long as the country is running a current account def ic i t , the currency remains vulnerable to any external shock and consequent withdrawal of foreign investors from the domestic debt market. The sharp depreciation of the rupee in mid-2013 following the Fed taper fears and the selloff by FIIs will make the regulators cautious about completely opening up the Indian debt market to foreigners.

Micro-level issues

At a micro level, there are certain preferences of both borrowers and lenders that also act as deterrents for the development of a corporate debt market. Borrowers, especially the weaker credits, prefer to borrow directly from banks by way of loans even if it involves paying a slightly higher cost. This is because loans give corporates the flexibility to negotiate terms with a single lender not only at the time of taking the loan but also at a later date if there is a need to restructure the loan.

From the bank's perspective the single biggest benefit that loans provide is that they need not be marked to market unlike corporate debt. This helps protect the bank's

Profit & Loss when interest rates are volatile. In addition, provisioning norms in case of loans provide flexibility to the banks while in case of corporate debt any kind of default gets reflected in the mark to market immediately. This issue will partly get addressed once banks start marking to market the loan portfolios also. However t i l l that t ime banks participation in corporate debt may be restricted to top credits only.

Banks also have constraints in terms of the tenor of the structure of their liabilities which are largely short and medium term in nature. Thus banks do not have the ability to invest in long term debt to fund the infrastructure sector.

Any steps taken for the development of the corporate debt market cannot be to the exclusion of the banking system as banks are the biggest channels of disintermediation. However banks themselves are constrained because of both macro level and micro level issues/ At the macro level, till the government addresses the twin deficit problem, this will be one of the biggest drags on t h e b a n k i n g s y s t e m i n t h e i r participation in the debt market. In addition, because of preferences of both banks and corporates, the corporate debt market will initially show growth only for top rated credits and for short to medium maturities. Only when these segments fully develop, we are likely to see growth in the infrastructure debt segment.

Conclusions

Mr Mohan Shenoi, PresidentGroup Treasury and Global Markets

Kotak Mahindra Bank

Authored by:

Disclaimer: The views expressed in the article are personal and do not reflect the views of Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd.

Page 30: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

28 29

Transparency, Accountability, Minority Protection are the

three Growth Mantras of SEBI: U K Sinha, Chairman, SEBI

CII National Council was addressed by Mr U K Sinha, Chairman, SEBI on 15th November 2013 at Mumbai. The address was followed by an insightful interaction with the captains of the industry present at the meeting.

During his address, Mr U K Sinha underscored that the three growth m a n t r a s - T r a n s p a r e n c y , Accountability and Minority - are the pivot of SEBI Regulations. He said that capital market can contribute to growth of the economy only if these principles are not compromised with. He urged the industry to implement regulations in letter and spirit pointing out that 11000 companies are in violation of the clause pertaining to shareholder pattern and around 900 companies in violation of the corporate governance clause of the Listing Agreement, asserting the need to implement regulations both in letter and spirit.

Speaking about the state of the primary market, Chairman, SEBI a t t r i b u t e d t h e s i g n i f i c a n t improvement in the corporate bond market in the past couple of years to the investment by Employees' Provident Fund Organisation in the bond markets due to liberalization of investor class. He emphasized the importance of inflow of pension money into the equity market for it to take the next big leap. Mr Sinha further advised that over-dependence on Foreign Institutional Investors can be rectified only by mobilizing domestic investors into equity market. He called upon the industry to channelize retirement savings into the market, which would help stabilize the volatility in the market.

Mr Sinha also praised the report on the Financial Sector Legislative Reforms Commission (FSLRC) for its f o c u s o n f o r m u l a t i o n o f comprehensive consumer protection

Earlier welcoming Mr U K Sinha, Mr S Gopalakrishnan, President, re-iterated that CII continues to unflinchingly focus on adoption of good corporate governance by Indian industry. He also mentioned while CII has constituted a Council on Financial Sector Development to study the subject of regulatory oversight - particularly in cases, where there are potential overlaps and also the recommendations of the FSLRC, he also sought SEBI chairman's guidance on the stated subject.

Mr Adi Godrej, Immediate Past President, CII highlighted the need to create an environment that promotes "ease of raising capital" along with "ease of doing business" in India. The stringency of delisting regulations was also brought to the Regulator's notice. Mr Uday Kotak, Chairman, CII Financial Sector Development Council pointed to the need to correct the tendency of Indian investors to divert savings in not-so transparent markets (gold and real estate) that block a significant amount of funds which could have otherwise flowed into a more transparent equity market.

laws. He also appreciated the proposed interaction between i n d u s t r y a n d r e g u l a t o r s f o r formulation of regulations envisaged in the report.

Mr Sinha also spoke on the state of regulatory architecture being influenced by the state of affairs in other economies, the role and functioning of the other regulators in the country and the interface between the two. He stated, "Globally the investors are in a state of unrest and this is intensifying. The usage of technology i s adding to th is intensification. While this is helping strengthening of shareholders' democracy, even small violations don't go unnoticed". He also added that the Regulators around the world have started to lay emphasis on transparency and more accountability with regulations being framed extending to other jurisdictions as well. On the impact of such extra-territorial regulations on Indian companies, Mr Sinha, urged the industry to make a representation to the Government on the issues arising because of these regulations.

Mr U K Sinha, Chairman, SEBI addressing the Fourth meeting of the CII National Council for 2013-14 held on 15 November 2013 at Mumbai

sync with the rest of the world and for

corporates to go beyond how

business is done in India and adopt

international best practices in a

globalised world.

Responding to the submission by Mr

Chandrajit Banerjee, Director General,

CII that the regulations should not be

framed keeping the outliers in mind,

Mr Sinha responded that non-

compliance was becoming quite

rampant. Chairman, SEBI also pointed

out that many companies are not

complying with the Listing Agreement

- Clause 40A on minimum public

shareholding and Clause 49 on

Corporate Governance and that SEBI

would we well within its right to take

action against them.

The Summit was chaired by Mr K V

Kamath, Past President and Chairman,

National Council on Corporate

Governance & Regulatory Affairs, CII.

While delivering the Theme Address,

Mr Kamath advised that corporate

governance is a naturally evolving

process and should be internalized. He

further added that the regulatory

nudge in the offing may turn out to be

a hard shout to turn such practices

from mere form to due processes.

A joint CII- Deloitte publication titled

' G l o b a l Tr e n d s i n C o r p o r a t e

Governance - since the financial crisis'

was released by Mr. U K Sinha at the

Summit. The paper gives an overview

not only of the national trends but also

g l o b a l t r e n d s i n c o r p o r a t e

governance.

P o s t t h e I n a u g u r a l S e s s i o n ,

discussions were held on effective

boardroom behavior and how to

manage diverse stakeholders'

expectations. The panel comprising

Mr Y M Deosthalee, Chairman &

Managing Director, L&T Finance

Holdings; Mr Y H Malegam, Chairman -

Emeritus, S B Billimoria & Co; Mr Leo

Puri, Managing Director, UTI Asset

Management Co. Ltd and Mr Shailesh

Haribhakti, Professional Independent

Director shared their experiences in

an insightful discussion moderated by

Dr Janmejaya Sinha, Chairman - Asia

Pacific, Boston Consulting Group.

With the renewed focus of the

Companies Act, 2013 on disclosures

and governance practices, discussions

during the Panel titled 'Board

Governance and Challenges in the

Current Environment' focused on how

companies can take a strategic

approach to the challenge of

complying with the new corporate

governance requirements and use

compliance efforts to build greater

business value. Panel members - Mr

Keki Mistry, Vice Chairman & CEO,

HDFC; Mr Arun Nanda, Non Executive

Director, Mahindra & Mahindra; Ms

Dipti Neelakantan, Managing Director

& Group COO, J M Financial and Mr

Bharat Vasani, Chief, Legal & Group

General Counsel, Tata Sons Ltd -

explained the combined impact of the

provisions of the new Companies Act

and SEBI Regulations on listed

companies and how these divergent

provisions could be reconciled. Mr P R

Ramesh, Chairman, Deloitte India

moderated this insightful interaction.

The Panel led by Mr Suresh Senapaty,

Executive Director & CFO, WIPRO and

comprising Mr Dipankar Chatterji;

Senior Partner, L B Jha & Co; Mr Amit

Ta n d o n , M a n a g i n g D i r e c t o r ,

Institutional Investment Advisory

Services and Mr Abhay Gupte, Senior

Director, Deloitte India, deliberated if

the disclosure requirements were

excessive and obscuring meaningful

information and also on the possibility

of reforms in these requirements.

The Summit saw a high level of

participation from senior industry

representatives, compliance and audit

practitioners, institutional investors

and other stakeholders.

Page 31: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

28 29

Transparency, Accountability, Minority Protection are the

three Growth Mantras of SEBI: U K Sinha, Chairman, SEBI

CII National Council was addressed by Mr U K Sinha, Chairman, SEBI on 15th November 2013 at Mumbai. The address was followed by an insightful interaction with the captains of the industry present at the meeting.

During his address, Mr U K Sinha underscored that the three growth m a n t r a s - T r a n s p a r e n c y , Accountability and Minority - are the pivot of SEBI Regulations. He said that capital market can contribute to growth of the economy only if these principles are not compromised with. He urged the industry to implement regulations in letter and spirit pointing out that 11000 companies are in violation of the clause pertaining to shareholder pattern and around 900 companies in violation of the corporate governance clause of the Listing Agreement, asserting the need to implement regulations both in letter and spirit.

Speaking about the state of the primary market, Chairman, SEBI a t t r i b u t e d t h e s i g n i f i c a n t improvement in the corporate bond market in the past couple of years to the investment by Employees' Provident Fund Organisation in the bond markets due to liberalization of investor class. He emphasized the importance of inflow of pension money into the equity market for it to take the next big leap. Mr Sinha further advised that over-dependence on Foreign Institutional Investors can be rectified only by mobilizing domestic investors into equity market. He called upon the industry to channelize retirement savings into the market, which would help stabilize the volatility in the market.

Mr Sinha also praised the report on the Financial Sector Legislative Reforms Commission (FSLRC) for its f o c u s o n f o r m u l a t i o n o f comprehensive consumer protection

Earlier welcoming Mr U K Sinha, Mr S Gopalakrishnan, President, re-iterated that CII continues to unflinchingly focus on adoption of good corporate governance by Indian industry. He also mentioned while CII has constituted a Council on Financial Sector Development to study the subject of regulatory oversight - particularly in cases, where there are potential overlaps and also the recommendations of the FSLRC, he also sought SEBI chairman's guidance on the stated subject.

Mr Adi Godrej, Immediate Past President, CII highlighted the need to create an environment that promotes "ease of raising capital" along with "ease of doing business" in India. The stringency of delisting regulations was also brought to the Regulator's notice. Mr Uday Kotak, Chairman, CII Financial Sector Development Council pointed to the need to correct the tendency of Indian investors to divert savings in not-so transparent markets (gold and real estate) that block a significant amount of funds which could have otherwise flowed into a more transparent equity market.

laws. He also appreciated the proposed interaction between i n d u s t r y a n d r e g u l a t o r s f o r formulation of regulations envisaged in the report.

Mr Sinha also spoke on the state of regulatory architecture being influenced by the state of affairs in other economies, the role and functioning of the other regulators in the country and the interface between the two. He stated, "Globally the investors are in a state of unrest and this is intensifying. The usage of technology i s adding to th is intensification. While this is helping strengthening of shareholders' democracy, even small violations don't go unnoticed". He also added that the Regulators around the world have started to lay emphasis on transparency and more accountability with regulations being framed extending to other jurisdictions as well. On the impact of such extra-territorial regulations on Indian companies, Mr Sinha, urged the industry to make a representation to the Government on the issues arising because of these regulations.

Mr U K Sinha, Chairman, SEBI addressing the Fourth meeting of the CII National Council for 2013-14 held on 15 November 2013 at Mumbai

sync with the rest of the world and for

corporates to go beyond how

business is done in India and adopt

international best practices in a

globalised world.

Responding to the submission by Mr

Chandrajit Banerjee, Director General,

CII that the regulations should not be

framed keeping the outliers in mind,

Mr Sinha responded that non-

compliance was becoming quite

rampant. Chairman, SEBI also pointed

out that many companies are not

complying with the Listing Agreement

- Clause 40A on minimum public

shareholding and Clause 49 on

Corporate Governance and that SEBI

would we well within its right to take

action against them.

The Summit was chaired by Mr K V

Kamath, Past President and Chairman,

National Council on Corporate

Governance & Regulatory Affairs, CII.

While delivering the Theme Address,

Mr Kamath advised that corporate

governance is a naturally evolving

process and should be internalized. He

further added that the regulatory

nudge in the offing may turn out to be

a hard shout to turn such practices

from mere form to due processes.

A joint CII- Deloitte publication titled

' G l o b a l Tr e n d s i n C o r p o r a t e

Governance - since the financial crisis'

was released by Mr. U K Sinha at the

Summit. The paper gives an overview

not only of the national trends but also

g l o b a l t r e n d s i n c o r p o r a t e

governance.

P o s t t h e I n a u g u r a l S e s s i o n ,

discussions were held on effective

boardroom behavior and how to

manage diverse stakeholders'

expectations. The panel comprising

Mr Y M Deosthalee, Chairman &

Managing Director, L&T Finance

Holdings; Mr Y H Malegam, Chairman -

Emeritus, S B Billimoria & Co; Mr Leo

Puri, Managing Director, UTI Asset

Management Co. Ltd and Mr Shailesh

Haribhakti, Professional Independent

Director shared their experiences in

an insightful discussion moderated by

Dr Janmejaya Sinha, Chairman - Asia

Pacific, Boston Consulting Group.

With the renewed focus of the

Companies Act, 2013 on disclosures

and governance practices, discussions

during the Panel titled 'Board

Governance and Challenges in the

Current Environment' focused on how

companies can take a strategic

approach to the challenge of

complying with the new corporate

governance requirements and use

compliance efforts to build greater

business value. Panel members - Mr

Keki Mistry, Vice Chairman & CEO,

HDFC; Mr Arun Nanda, Non Executive

Director, Mahindra & Mahindra; Ms

Dipti Neelakantan, Managing Director

& Group COO, J M Financial and Mr

Bharat Vasani, Chief, Legal & Group

General Counsel, Tata Sons Ltd -

explained the combined impact of the

provisions of the new Companies Act

and SEBI Regulations on listed

companies and how these divergent

provisions could be reconciled. Mr P R

Ramesh, Chairman, Deloitte India

moderated this insightful interaction.

The Panel led by Mr Suresh Senapaty,

Executive Director & CFO, WIPRO and

comprising Mr Dipankar Chatterji;

Senior Partner, L B Jha & Co; Mr Amit

Ta n d o n , M a n a g i n g D i r e c t o r ,

Institutional Investment Advisory

Services and Mr Abhay Gupte, Senior

Director, Deloitte India, deliberated if

the disclosure requirements were

excessive and obscuring meaningful

information and also on the possibility

of reforms in these requirements.

The Summit saw a high level of

participation from senior industry

representatives, compliance and audit

practitioners, institutional investors

and other stakeholders.

Page 32: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

30 31

Sixth Tranche:

The sixth tranche covers draft rules on

Cost Audit.

S o m e h i g h l i g h t s o f t h e C I I

recommendations are as follows:

lCII strongly recommended

approval of the draft as placed on

the MCA website for further

implementation. The following

justifications were provided to

support this:

vThe classification of companies

in Strategic sectors, those

R e g u l a t e d b y a n o t h e r

Regulator, etc are the correct

m e t h o d o f d e t e r m i n i n g

applicability of cost Audit.

vThe rules are a fair recognition

of the fact that for many

i n d u s t r i e s , m a n d a t i n g

maintenance of cost records

and directing an audit of such

accounts is a futile, costly and

time-consuming exercise. The

provisions which were clearly

anachronistic in the post-

liberalization era have been

r i g h t l y l i b e r a l i z e d .

L i b e r a l i z a t i o n i s t h u s

pragmatic, progressive and in

keeping with the times.

vCost Audit is not relevant for

most sectors and Ministry's

Draft Cost Rules have correctly

captured the areas and

industries which are strategic

a n d h a v e a r e g u l a t o r y

oversight requirement and

having a material impact in

economic value chain.

vW h e n C o s t R e c o r d

maintenance Rules were

introduced during the licensing

regime a few decades back,

they might have served a

different purpose. They may

still be useful where issues of

Government subsidies are

involved.

vBenefits of cost management

can be achieved even without

cost audit which only results in

duplication of efforts.

vMaintenance of cost records in

l i n e w i t h C o m p a n y ' s

requirements should come out

from the company's need,

objectives and intended use.

This may, at best, be a Board

approved process rather than a

mandated rule.

vThe attempt to set up around

C o s t r u l e s a r e g u l a t o r y

environment similar to the one

in the area of f inancia l

accounting and reporting was

basically flawed because it

missed the fundamental

difference between Financial

A c c o u n t i n g r e c o r d s a n d

reporting and Cost Accounting

records and their reporting.

vCost Audit does not carry much

value for businesses, investors

and customers and it does not

e n h a n c e t h e c h a n c e o f

detecting errors, frauds and

misappropriation since "it is a

duplication of a part of financial

auditing process," nothing

more.

vFurther, considering the time

and resources involved in

complying with cost audit

orders, the regulations hardly

served any valuable purpose

and such audit even does not

add any value to the Company.

vThe idea behind the collection

of data from the corporates is

also not clear. Furnishing such

statistics does not serve any

purpose to public at large.

vMandatory cost audit in India

has not enhanced the level of

t r u s t o f i n v e s t o r s a n d

preparers of such financial

statements. It has not brought

those benefits expected by

regulators. Cost audit has no

relevance to the income tax

authority together with other

government authorities and

they only refer to financial

audit. Even the concerned

G o v t . d e p t t s w h i c h a r e

regulating prices under the

Essential Commodities Act

have their own format for cost

related information.

vIt also has little or no impact in

minimising the perceived risks

of investors with respect to

financial statement numbers,

and the process of cost audit

does not impact their choice of

investment decision.

lExcept in case of companies

engaged in Strategic Industry, the

rule provides for a uniform

turnover threshold of 100 crores.

Considering the capital intensive

requirements of business, a

higher turnover threshold of 500

crores should be provided

lMandating cost audit for all

companies of a sector may be

reconsidered.

H i g h l i g h t s o f C I I

recommendations on tranches 1

and 2 were published in the

October issue of the CII Global

Regulatory Update.

CII Recommendations on Draft Rules under rd th

Companies Act, 2013 (3 -6 Tranches)

C I I h a s s u b m i t t e d d e t a i l e d

recommendations on the draft rules

prepared under various provisions of

the Companies Act, 2013. The Act

re l ies heavi ly on subordinate

legislation for the implementation of

these sections.

The third tranche covers draft rules on

Deposits, SFIO and National Financial

Regulatory Authority

S o m e h i g h l i g h t s o f t h e C I I

recommendations are as follows:

lThere should be a mechanism to

ensure that in certain cases, NFRA

and the inspected firm will agree

on the need for and nature of

remedial actions to be taken by

the firm.

lConsent Mechanism should be

provided under the NFRA Rules

lThe expression 'person resident

outside India' should also be

expressly excluded from the

definition of what constitutes

deposits given that this category

covers all the persons falling

under the purview of the Foreign

Exchange Management Act, 1999

and rules and regulations made

thereunder (the "FEMA").

Additionally, exemption to 'SEBI

registered Alternate Investment

Funds' may also be considered

The last and fourth tranche covers

draft rules on IEPF Authority.

S o m e h i g h l i g h t s o f t h e C I I

recommendations are as follows:

lShares should not be required to

be transferred to IEPF even if the

Third Tranche:

Fourth Tranche:

dividend in respect of those

s h a r e s i s t r a n s f e r r e d o n

completion of seven years from

the date of declaration and the

amount of dividend has remained

unclaimed.

The fifth tranche covers draft rules on

Winding up.

S o m e h i g h l i g h t s o f t h e C I I

recommendations are as follows:

lThe National Company Law

Tr ibunal and the National

Company Law Appellate Tribunal

to be established and constituted

under the National Company Law

Tribunal Rules, 2013 and the

National Company Law Appellate

Tribunal Rules 2013, respectively,

to govern and monitor the

Winding up procedure - needs

more clarity in terms of definite

timelines for setting up the

Company Law Tribunal and the

Company Law Appellate Tribunal,

else, the whole purpose of

implementing the procedural and

substantive Rules would get

defeated.

lThe number and geographical

spread of benches needs to be

carefully considered as access to

justice should not be hampered

by logistics.

lDraft Rules are not clear as to

how liquidation proceedings of

companies which may not have

any assets will be taken up,

h a n d l e d a n d e v e n t u a l l y

dissolved. This needs to be

provided

Fifth Tranche:

lIt would be helpful if the Central

Government initiates the action

f o r e m p a n e l m e n t o f

profess ionals who can be

appointed as Provisional /

Company Liquidator. Similarly,

the panel of professionals who

c a n a s s i s t t h e C o m p a n y

Liquidator should be created by

the Tribunal and not left to the

Company Liquidator.

lIn case of winding up of a

company, the sums towards

wages or salary referred in

Section 325 (3) (b) (i) of the draft

Rules, required to be payable to

the employees for a period of two

years preceding the winding up

order: should be reduced to 6

months, keeping in view the

i n v o l v e m e n t o f m u l t i p l e

stakeholders and a share could be

offered to each of them to settle

their respective claims.

lPart VII of the National Company

Law Tribunal Rules, 2013, deals

with the matters earlier dealt by

the Company Law Board, wherein

all the cases on such date pending

with the Company Law Board or

s u c h B e n c h e s s h a l l s t a n d

transferred to the respective

b e n c h e s o f t h e Tr i b u n a l

exercising respective territorial

jurisdiction as if the case had been

originally filed in the Tribunal or

its Bench. The Rules needs more

clarity in terms of the appellate

a u t h o r i t y f o r t h e c a s e s

adjudicated by the Company Law

Board prior to the formulation of

the National Company Law

Tr ibunal and the National

Company Law Appellate Tribunal

Page 33: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

30 31

Sixth Tranche:

The sixth tranche covers draft rules on

Cost Audit.

S o m e h i g h l i g h t s o f t h e C I I

recommendations are as follows:

lCII strongly recommended

approval of the draft as placed on

the MCA website for further

implementation. The following

justifications were provided to

support this:

vThe classification of companies

in Strategic sectors, those

R e g u l a t e d b y a n o t h e r

Regulator, etc are the correct

m e t h o d o f d e t e r m i n i n g

applicability of cost Audit.

vThe rules are a fair recognition

of the fact that for many

i n d u s t r i e s , m a n d a t i n g

maintenance of cost records

and directing an audit of such

accounts is a futile, costly and

time-consuming exercise. The

provisions which were clearly

anachronistic in the post-

liberalization era have been

r i g h t l y l i b e r a l i z e d .

L i b e r a l i z a t i o n i s t h u s

pragmatic, progressive and in

keeping with the times.

vCost Audit is not relevant for

most sectors and Ministry's

Draft Cost Rules have correctly

captured the areas and

industries which are strategic

a n d h a v e a r e g u l a t o r y

oversight requirement and

having a material impact in

economic value chain.

vW h e n C o s t R e c o r d

maintenance Rules were

introduced during the licensing

regime a few decades back,

they might have served a

different purpose. They may

still be useful where issues of

Government subsidies are

involved.

vBenefits of cost management

can be achieved even without

cost audit which only results in

duplication of efforts.

vMaintenance of cost records in

l i n e w i t h C o m p a n y ' s

requirements should come out

from the company's need,

objectives and intended use.

This may, at best, be a Board

approved process rather than a

mandated rule.

vThe attempt to set up around

C o s t r u l e s a r e g u l a t o r y

environment similar to the one

in the area of f inancia l

accounting and reporting was

basically flawed because it

missed the fundamental

difference between Financial

A c c o u n t i n g r e c o r d s a n d

reporting and Cost Accounting

records and their reporting.

vCost Audit does not carry much

value for businesses, investors

and customers and it does not

e n h a n c e t h e c h a n c e o f

detecting errors, frauds and

misappropriation since "it is a

duplication of a part of financial

auditing process," nothing

more.

vFurther, considering the time

and resources involved in

complying with cost audit

orders, the regulations hardly

served any valuable purpose

and such audit even does not

add any value to the Company.

vThe idea behind the collection

of data from the corporates is

also not clear. Furnishing such

statistics does not serve any

purpose to public at large.

vMandatory cost audit in India

has not enhanced the level of

t r u s t o f i n v e s t o r s a n d

preparers of such financial

statements. It has not brought

those benefits expected by

regulators. Cost audit has no

relevance to the income tax

authority together with other

government authorities and

they only refer to financial

audit. Even the concerned

G o v t . d e p t t s w h i c h a r e

regulating prices under the

Essential Commodities Act

have their own format for cost

related information.

vIt also has little or no impact in

minimising the perceived risks

of investors with respect to

financial statement numbers,

and the process of cost audit

does not impact their choice of

investment decision.

lExcept in case of companies

engaged in Strategic Industry, the

rule provides for a uniform

turnover threshold of 100 crores.

Considering the capital intensive

requirements of business, a

higher turnover threshold of 500

crores should be provided

lMandating cost audit for all

companies of a sector may be

reconsidered.

H i g h l i g h t s o f C I I

recommendations on tranches 1

and 2 were published in the

October issue of the CII Global

Regulatory Update.

CII Recommendations on Draft Rules under rd th

Companies Act, 2013 (3 -6 Tranches)

C I I h a s s u b m i t t e d d e t a i l e d

recommendations on the draft rules

prepared under various provisions of

the Companies Act, 2013. The Act

re l ies heavi ly on subordinate

legislation for the implementation of

these sections.

The third tranche covers draft rules on

Deposits, SFIO and National Financial

Regulatory Authority

S o m e h i g h l i g h t s o f t h e C I I

recommendations are as follows:

lThere should be a mechanism to

ensure that in certain cases, NFRA

and the inspected firm will agree

on the need for and nature of

remedial actions to be taken by

the firm.

lConsent Mechanism should be

provided under the NFRA Rules

lThe expression 'person resident

outside India' should also be

expressly excluded from the

definition of what constitutes

deposits given that this category

covers all the persons falling

under the purview of the Foreign

Exchange Management Act, 1999

and rules and regulations made

thereunder (the "FEMA").

Additionally, exemption to 'SEBI

registered Alternate Investment

Funds' may also be considered

The last and fourth tranche covers

draft rules on IEPF Authority.

S o m e h i g h l i g h t s o f t h e C I I

recommendations are as follows:

lShares should not be required to

be transferred to IEPF even if the

Third Tranche:

Fourth Tranche:

dividend in respect of those

s h a r e s i s t r a n s f e r r e d o n

completion of seven years from

the date of declaration and the

amount of dividend has remained

unclaimed.

The fifth tranche covers draft rules on

Winding up.

S o m e h i g h l i g h t s o f t h e C I I

recommendations are as follows:

lThe National Company Law

Tr ibunal and the National

Company Law Appellate Tribunal

to be established and constituted

under the National Company Law

Tribunal Rules, 2013 and the

National Company Law Appellate

Tribunal Rules 2013, respectively,

to govern and monitor the

Winding up procedure - needs

more clarity in terms of definite

timelines for setting up the

Company Law Tribunal and the

Company Law Appellate Tribunal,

else, the whole purpose of

implementing the procedural and

substantive Rules would get

defeated.

lThe number and geographical

spread of benches needs to be

carefully considered as access to

justice should not be hampered

by logistics.

lDraft Rules are not clear as to

how liquidation proceedings of

companies which may not have

any assets will be taken up,

h a n d l e d a n d e v e n t u a l l y

dissolved. This needs to be

provided

Fifth Tranche:

lIt would be helpful if the Central

Government initiates the action

f o r e m p a n e l m e n t o f

profess ionals who can be

appointed as Provisional /

Company Liquidator. Similarly,

the panel of professionals who

c a n a s s i s t t h e C o m p a n y

Liquidator should be created by

the Tribunal and not left to the

Company Liquidator.

lIn case of winding up of a

company, the sums towards

wages or salary referred in

Section 325 (3) (b) (i) of the draft

Rules, required to be payable to

the employees for a period of two

years preceding the winding up

order: should be reduced to 6

months, keeping in view the

i n v o l v e m e n t o f m u l t i p l e

stakeholders and a share could be

offered to each of them to settle

their respective claims.

lPart VII of the National Company

Law Tribunal Rules, 2013, deals

with the matters earlier dealt by

the Company Law Board, wherein

all the cases on such date pending

with the Company Law Board or

s u c h B e n c h e s s h a l l s t a n d

transferred to the respective

b e n c h e s o f t h e Tr i b u n a l

exercising respective territorial

jurisdiction as if the case had been

originally filed in the Tribunal or

its Bench. The Rules needs more

clarity in terms of the appellate

a u t h o r i t y f o r t h e c a s e s

adjudicated by the Company Law

Board prior to the formulation of

the National Company Law

Tr ibunal and the National

Company Law Appellate Tribunal

Page 34: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

32 33

not only to a political party but also to

such other person to whom the

contribution is made.

On a strict reading of the provisions of

the 2013 Act, it is evident that the

name of the political party to whom

the contribution is made is necessarily

required to be disclosed. However, if a

contribution is made to an Electoral

Trust or any other person and not to a

political party directly, the manner of

disclosure is not specified in the 2013

Act. It may be pertinent to note that as

per section 293A of the 1956 Act, in

case of indirect political contribution,

a company could possibly disclose the

name of the person to whom the

money is given. However, the

disclosure requirement under section

182 of the 2013 Act has become stricter

as the name of the political party to

which the money is contributed has to

be necessarily mentioned.

Thus, while political contribution can

be made indirectly to a third party, this

e n a b l i n g p r o v i s i o n d o e s n o t

correspond with the disclosure

requirements.

Given the fact that contributions can

be made only to political party

registered under section 29A of the

Representation of People Act, 1951 or

for their benefit indirectly, it is humbly

submitted that the disclosure

requirement with respect to the name

of the political party be made non-

obligatory. Companies be required to

disclose the amount of contribution

made to a political party or for a

political purpose in the Profit & Loss

Account without being required to

disclose the name of the party or

person.

While this would take care of requisite

disclosure, it would also place the

company in a comfortable position vis-

à-vis demands from various political

parties for contributions.

I n a n y c a s e , S e c t i o n 2 9 C o f

Representation of People's Act states

that the treasurer of a political party or

any other person authorised by the

political party in this behalf shall, in

each financial year, prepare a report in

respect of the contribution in excess

of twenty thousand rupees received

by such political party from any person

in that financial year. Furthermore,

under Section 29-C of the RPA, it is

made mandatory for the political

parties to submit to the Election

Commission a list of donations they

received of over Rs. 20,000 in Form 24-

A and where such a political party fails

to submit a report then such political

party shall not be entitled to any tax

relief under that Act.

In view of the above, it is submitted

that the requirement on part of the

company to disclose the name of the

recipient of political contribution in

the Profit & Loss Account of the

Company be dispensed with.

Section 182 provides that political

contributions can be made by a

company either directly or indirectly

to a political party. All contributions

made for a political purpose, whether

directly or indirectly would qualify as

political contributions, in terms of sub-

section (1) of section 182 of the

Companies Act, 2013 ("the 2013 Act").

Unlike corresponding section 293A of

the Companies Act, 1956 ("the 1956

Act"), section 82 of the 2013 Act does

not explicitly provide made for any

political purpose. However that a

c o n t r i b u t i o n a h a r m o n i o u s

interpretation of Sub can be Sub-

section (1) and Sub section (2) of the

2013 Act, shows that to a third party

which can reasonably be regarded as

likely to affect public support for a

political party or for a publication f

contribution made by a company for

the advantage of a political party or

will be covered under the section 182

p o l i t i c a l c o n t r i b u t i o n , t h e

requirements of section 182 of the

2013 Act become applicable. The

requirements under section 182 of the

2013 Act. Once an amount qualifies as

a include a ceiling on the amount of

contributions that can be made by a

company and disclosure about the

contr ibut ion made by such a

company.

H o w e v e r , t h e d i s c l o s u r e

requirements under sub-sub-section

(3) of section 182 of the 2013 Act are

significantly different from those

under the corresponding provisions

under sub-section (4) of section 293A

of the 1956 Act. The relevant extracts

are as under:

"182(3) of the Companies Act, 2013

Every company shall disclose in its

profit and loss account any amount or

amounts contributed by it to any

political party during the financial year

to which that account relates, giving

particulars of the total amount

contributed and the name of the party

to which such amount has been

contributed.

293A(4) of the Companies Act, 1956

Every company shall disclose in its

profit and loss account any amount or

amounts contributed by it to any

political party or for any political

purpose to any person during the

financial year to which that account

relates, giving particulars of the total

amount contributed and the name of

the party or person to which or to

whom such amount has been

contributed."

Sub-section (3) of section 182 of the

2013 Act above only refers to the

disclosure of the name of the political

party, to be disclosed in the profit and

loss account of a company, whereas

under the 1956 Act reference is made

THE COMPANIES ACT, 2013

PROHIBITIONS AND RESTRICTIONS REGARDING POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Views and Suggestions

Page 35: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

32 33

not only to a political party but also to

such other person to whom the

contribution is made.

On a strict reading of the provisions of

the 2013 Act, it is evident that the

name of the political party to whom

the contribution is made is necessarily

required to be disclosed. However, if a

contribution is made to an Electoral

Trust or any other person and not to a

political party directly, the manner of

disclosure is not specified in the 2013

Act. It may be pertinent to note that as

per section 293A of the 1956 Act, in

case of indirect political contribution,

a company could possibly disclose the

name of the person to whom the

money is given. However, the

disclosure requirement under section

182 of the 2013 Act has become stricter

as the name of the political party to

which the money is contributed has to

be necessarily mentioned.

Thus, while political contribution can

be made indirectly to a third party, this

e n a b l i n g p r o v i s i o n d o e s n o t

correspond with the disclosure

requirements.

Given the fact that contributions can

be made only to political party

registered under section 29A of the

Representation of People Act, 1951 or

for their benefit indirectly, it is humbly

submitted that the disclosure

requirement with respect to the name

of the political party be made non-

obligatory. Companies be required to

disclose the amount of contribution

made to a political party or for a

political purpose in the Profit & Loss

Account without being required to

disclose the name of the party or

person.

While this would take care of requisite

disclosure, it would also place the

company in a comfortable position vis-

à-vis demands from various political

parties for contributions.

I n a n y c a s e , S e c t i o n 2 9 C o f

Representation of People's Act states

that the treasurer of a political party or

any other person authorised by the

political party in this behalf shall, in

each financial year, prepare a report in

respect of the contribution in excess

of twenty thousand rupees received

by such political party from any person

in that financial year. Furthermore,

under Section 29-C of the RPA, it is

made mandatory for the political

parties to submit to the Election

Commission a list of donations they

received of over Rs. 20,000 in Form 24-

A and where such a political party fails

to submit a report then such political

party shall not be entitled to any tax

relief under that Act.

In view of the above, it is submitted

that the requirement on part of the

company to disclose the name of the

recipient of political contribution in

the Profit & Loss Account of the

Company be dispensed with.

Section 182 provides that political

contributions can be made by a

company either directly or indirectly

to a political party. All contributions

made for a political purpose, whether

directly or indirectly would qualify as

political contributions, in terms of sub-

section (1) of section 182 of the

Companies Act, 2013 ("the 2013 Act").

Unlike corresponding section 293A of

the Companies Act, 1956 ("the 1956

Act"), section 82 of the 2013 Act does

not explicitly provide made for any

political purpose. However that a

c o n t r i b u t i o n a h a r m o n i o u s

interpretation of Sub can be Sub-

section (1) and Sub section (2) of the

2013 Act, shows that to a third party

which can reasonably be regarded as

likely to affect public support for a

political party or for a publication f

contribution made by a company for

the advantage of a political party or

will be covered under the section 182

p o l i t i c a l c o n t r i b u t i o n , t h e

requirements of section 182 of the

2013 Act become applicable. The

requirements under section 182 of the

2013 Act. Once an amount qualifies as

a include a ceiling on the amount of

contributions that can be made by a

company and disclosure about the

contr ibut ion made by such a

company.

H o w e v e r , t h e d i s c l o s u r e

requirements under sub-sub-section

(3) of section 182 of the 2013 Act are

significantly different from those

under the corresponding provisions

under sub-section (4) of section 293A

of the 1956 Act. The relevant extracts

are as under:

"182(3) of the Companies Act, 2013

Every company shall disclose in its

profit and loss account any amount or

amounts contributed by it to any

political party during the financial year

to which that account relates, giving

particulars of the total amount

contributed and the name of the party

to which such amount has been

contributed.

293A(4) of the Companies Act, 1956

Every company shall disclose in its

profit and loss account any amount or

amounts contributed by it to any

political party or for any political

purpose to any person during the

financial year to which that account

relates, giving particulars of the total

amount contributed and the name of

the party or person to which or to

whom such amount has been

contributed."

Sub-section (3) of section 182 of the

2013 Act above only refers to the

disclosure of the name of the political

party, to be disclosed in the profit and

loss account of a company, whereas

under the 1956 Act reference is made

THE COMPANIES ACT, 2013

PROHIBITIONS AND RESTRICTIONS REGARDING POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Views and Suggestions

Page 36: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

34 35

Need for Exemptions for Private Companies

The Companies Act, 2013 has

p r e s c r i b e d v a r i o u s s t r i n g e n t

provisions for companies including

private companies. These include

many new concepts included for the

first time in law and also provisions

that were not applicable to private

companies under the 1956 Act. Some

of these include rotation of auditors,

directors, provisions relating to loans

and investments, insider trading, etc.

CII is of the opinion that private

companies - which are neither

subsidiaries of listed companies nor

have substantial borrowings (as may

be defined) from banks or financial

institutions - should be exempt from

some of the stringent provisions of

the Act. Applicability of these

provisions, as are listed hereunder,

tantamount to treating such private

companies at par with other public

interest entities.

It is humbly submitted that such class

of private companies, as may be

prescribed, be kept out of the purview

of the following sections, either

through exemption notifications

under section 462 or through the

Companies Rules , as may be

appropriate:

1 Reference to a private company in this document means a private company, which is neither a subsidiary of a listed company nor has substantial borrowings (as per thresholds that may be specified) from banks or other financial institutions.

Section Provision Rationale162 Further Issue of Share Capital Considering the limited number of members a private company can

have, imposition of these restrictions would only create unnecessarycompliances and procedural delays for private companies.

92 Annual Return The information required to be provided is too detailed and toocumbersome for a private company to furnish.

101-109 Provisions regarding GeneralMeetings public companies and other public interest entities, in case of

private companies, these would only cause unnecessary delayswithout commensurate benefits.

While the procedures set out under these sections serve a purpose for

110 Postal Ballot In view of the limited membership of the private companies, thisrequirement may be unnecessary.

134 (3) Statements required to be The statements are too detailed and for a private company too attached to the report of the cumbersome to furnish. Board of Directors

137 Copies of financial statements Profit & Loss Accounts of private companies were not treated as to be filed with the Registrar public document under the 1956 Act and such a privilege should be

continued under the new law.

139 Rotation of auditors In case of companies with no public interest, the requirement isunnecessary.

149 (1) Requirement to have a In case of companies with no public interest, the requirement is Woman Director on Board unnecessary. Boards of private companies should have the

prerogative to decide upon its directorships.

152, Requirements to file consent, In case of companies with no public interest, these requirements are

161, retirement by rotation, filling of unnecessary.

162 casual vacancy, additional directors

lThe definition of connected person is too wide and should be streamlined. The definition puts a responsibility on the company to cover the connected persons (eg. a judge who is hearing a case or government official who is processing file of the company i n v o l v i n g p r i c e s e n s i t i v e information, lenders of the company) also under the internal code of conduct of the company governing dealing in securities, w h i c h i s a d m i n i s t r a t i v e l y impossible. The company cannot t a k e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r compliance of company's code by such connected persons like government officials, bank officials, other lenders of the company etc. The term 'officer' should be defined to mean Key Managerial Personnel under the Companies Act, 2013 i.e. Chief Executive Officer, Managing Director, Manager, Company Secretary, whole-time director and Chief Financial Officer. Other senior officers of the company should not be covered.

lGenerally available information should only mean any information which is available in public domain and it should not include any research and analysis based thereon since research and analysis is subjective and is not generally available information.

lThe current wording of the clause defining Immediate relative leads to an interpretation that 'spouse' is compulsorily covered under the definition of 'immediate relative'. There is a need to clarify that 'spouse' will be covered in the definition of 'immediate relative' only when she is financially dependent on the person or consults him/her. Otherwise not.

lIt should be clarified that "trading" d o e s n o t i n c l u d e p l e d g e ,

mortgage, exercise of ESOP, gift, etc. There needs to be a specific exemption to these. For example in the case of securities pledged by an insider, while the act of pledging securities is under control of an Insider, the actual sale of shares by the lender (against the pledge) who more likely is a non-insider is not in his hands. Therefore the consequent sale which is not under the control of an Insider should not be regulated.

lThe requirements for disclosure of due diligence findings should be r e s t r i c t e d t o t r a n s a c t i o n s involving stake sale by way of equity shares. Due diligence may reveal various findings, which may also contain confidential business information. If all findings are made publ ic, i t may cause irreparable harm to the business of the company. In the event the transaction does not go through, for which the due diligence is done, there should be a provision of some time limit. Cooling period of say 6 months, is required to be prescribed so that the party who had done due diligence, shall not be banned forever from trading in the shares of the company.

lThe onus of showing that the c o n n e c t e d p e r s o n w a s i n possession of unpublished price sensitive information at the time of trading should be on the person leveling the charge.

lApproval of the trading plan of an insider by the compliance officer would not be appropriate and thus the basis of any such approval should be self declaration by the concerned insider. Also, such trading plan should be only submitted to the compliance officer and the requirement of making the trading plan available

in public domain through stock exchanges should be deleted. The regulations need to be modified to require disclosure of Trading Plan only for Designated Insiders holding more than 2% of voting power. Sale of shares arising from exercise of Stock Options under Employee Stock Option Schemes of companies should be kept outside the purview of 'Trading Plans'.

lM a k i n g t h e t r a d i n g p l a n irrevocable and mandating the insider to deal in terms thereof, is unfair. It is suggested that trading plans once disclosed shall be amenable to revisions, subject to happening of certain situations, requisite internal approvals like approval of the Compliance Officer.

" The disclosure obligations under the Regulations should not cover all employees and be restricted to the insiders who are reasonably expected to have access to any unpublished price sensit ive information or are in possession of any such information. If at all each and every employee is sought to be covered under the disclosure requirements, suitable threshold say Rs. 10 lacs in value, may be prescribed.

lConnected persons' should be excluded from the purview of internal insider trading code of companies. The Regulations should differentiate between an act of insider trading under the Regulations and mere errors or t e c h n i c a l v i o l a t i o n s b y a n employee under the company's Code of Conduct. Whether mere errors or technical violations by employees under the Code of Conduct are required to be reported to SEBI needs to be clarified.

Comments on the Justice Sodhi Committee Report on Insider Trading Regulations

Page 37: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

34 35

Need for Exemptions for Private Companies

The Companies Act, 2013 has

p r e s c r i b e d v a r i o u s s t r i n g e n t

provisions for companies including

private companies. These include

many new concepts included for the

first time in law and also provisions

that were not applicable to private

companies under the 1956 Act. Some

of these include rotation of auditors,

directors, provisions relating to loans

and investments, insider trading, etc.

CII is of the opinion that private

companies - which are neither

subsidiaries of listed companies nor

have substantial borrowings (as may

be defined) from banks or financial

institutions - should be exempt from

some of the stringent provisions of

the Act. Applicability of these

provisions, as are listed hereunder,

tantamount to treating such private

companies at par with other public

interest entities.

It is humbly submitted that such class

of private companies, as may be

prescribed, be kept out of the purview

of the following sections, either

through exemption notifications

under section 462 or through the

Companies Rules , as may be

appropriate:

1 Reference to a private company in this document means a private company, which is neither a subsidiary of a listed company nor has substantial borrowings (as per thresholds that may be specified) from banks or other financial institutions.

Section Provision Rationale162 Further Issue of Share Capital Considering the limited number of members a private company can

have, imposition of these restrictions would only create unnecessarycompliances and procedural delays for private companies.

92 Annual Return The information required to be provided is too detailed and toocumbersome for a private company to furnish.

101-109 Provisions regarding GeneralMeetings public companies and other public interest entities, in case of

private companies, these would only cause unnecessary delayswithout commensurate benefits.

While the procedures set out under these sections serve a purpose for

110 Postal Ballot In view of the limited membership of the private companies, thisrequirement may be unnecessary.

134 (3) Statements required to be The statements are too detailed and for a private company too attached to the report of the cumbersome to furnish. Board of Directors

137 Copies of financial statements Profit & Loss Accounts of private companies were not treated as to be filed with the Registrar public document under the 1956 Act and such a privilege should be

continued under the new law.

139 Rotation of auditors In case of companies with no public interest, the requirement isunnecessary.

149 (1) Requirement to have a In case of companies with no public interest, the requirement is Woman Director on Board unnecessary. Boards of private companies should have the

prerogative to decide upon its directorships.

152, Requirements to file consent, In case of companies with no public interest, these requirements are

161, retirement by rotation, filling of unnecessary.

162 casual vacancy, additional directors

lThe definition of connected person is too wide and should be streamlined. The definition puts a responsibility on the company to cover the connected persons (eg. a judge who is hearing a case or government official who is processing file of the company i n v o l v i n g p r i c e s e n s i t i v e information, lenders of the company) also under the internal code of conduct of the company governing dealing in securities, w h i c h i s a d m i n i s t r a t i v e l y impossible. The company cannot t a k e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r compliance of company's code by such connected persons like government officials, bank officials, other lenders of the company etc. The term 'officer' should be defined to mean Key Managerial Personnel under the Companies Act, 2013 i.e. Chief Executive Officer, Managing Director, Manager, Company Secretary, whole-time director and Chief Financial Officer. Other senior officers of the company should not be covered.

lGenerally available information should only mean any information which is available in public domain and it should not include any research and analysis based thereon since research and analysis is subjective and is not generally available information.

lThe current wording of the clause defining Immediate relative leads to an interpretation that 'spouse' is compulsorily covered under the definition of 'immediate relative'. There is a need to clarify that 'spouse' will be covered in the definition of 'immediate relative' only when she is financially dependent on the person or consults him/her. Otherwise not.

lIt should be clarified that "trading" d o e s n o t i n c l u d e p l e d g e ,

mortgage, exercise of ESOP, gift, etc. There needs to be a specific exemption to these. For example in the case of securities pledged by an insider, while the act of pledging securities is under control of an Insider, the actual sale of shares by the lender (against the pledge) who more likely is a non-insider is not in his hands. Therefore the consequent sale which is not under the control of an Insider should not be regulated.

lThe requirements for disclosure of due diligence findings should be r e s t r i c t e d t o t r a n s a c t i o n s involving stake sale by way of equity shares. Due diligence may reveal various findings, which may also contain confidential business information. If all findings are made publ ic, i t may cause irreparable harm to the business of the company. In the event the transaction does not go through, for which the due diligence is done, there should be a provision of some time limit. Cooling period of say 6 months, is required to be prescribed so that the party who had done due diligence, shall not be banned forever from trading in the shares of the company.

lThe onus of showing that the c o n n e c t e d p e r s o n w a s i n possession of unpublished price sensitive information at the time of trading should be on the person leveling the charge.

lApproval of the trading plan of an insider by the compliance officer would not be appropriate and thus the basis of any such approval should be self declaration by the concerned insider. Also, such trading plan should be only submitted to the compliance officer and the requirement of making the trading plan available

in public domain through stock exchanges should be deleted. The regulations need to be modified to require disclosure of Trading Plan only for Designated Insiders holding more than 2% of voting power. Sale of shares arising from exercise of Stock Options under Employee Stock Option Schemes of companies should be kept outside the purview of 'Trading Plans'.

lM a k i n g t h e t r a d i n g p l a n irrevocable and mandating the insider to deal in terms thereof, is unfair. It is suggested that trading plans once disclosed shall be amenable to revisions, subject to happening of certain situations, requisite internal approvals like approval of the Compliance Officer.

" The disclosure obligations under the Regulations should not cover all employees and be restricted to the insiders who are reasonably expected to have access to any unpublished price sensit ive information or are in possession of any such information. If at all each and every employee is sought to be covered under the disclosure requirements, suitable threshold say Rs. 10 lacs in value, may be prescribed.

lConnected persons' should be excluded from the purview of internal insider trading code of companies. The Regulations should differentiate between an act of insider trading under the Regulations and mere errors or t e c h n i c a l v i o l a t i o n s b y a n employee under the company's Code of Conduct. Whether mere errors or technical violations by employees under the Code of Conduct are required to be reported to SEBI needs to be clarified.

Comments on the Justice Sodhi Committee Report on Insider Trading Regulations

Page 38: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

36

ADVERTISEMENT FOR CII'S GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

The Global Regulatory update is now in its second year. After successfully bringing out 12 issues, the monthly

newsletter has been revamped and bears a fresh look.

We invite you to get associated with CII Global Regulatory Update by way of creating your own space in the update:

CATEGORY Members Non-Members

Back Cover Page (Inside) ` 50,000 55,000

Full Page 30,000 35,000

Half Page 20,000 25,000

Section Sponsorship Also available; you may contact the undersigned.e.g xyz (Company name) presents “Global Udate”

Benefits include an advertisement, write up about the contributor and logo)

`

` `

` `

corporate

For further queries:Prabhat Negi

Corporate Governance & Regulatory Affairs DepartmentConfederation of Indian Industry

The Mantosh Sondhi Centre23 Institutional Area, Lodi Road, New Delhi - 110 003

Tel: 011-41506492 Fax: 011-24615693 Email: [email protected]

37

The newsletter is circulated to the entire membership of CII; direct membership of over 7000 organisations from the

private as well as public sectors, including SMEs and MNCs, and an indirect membership of over 90,000 companies

from around 400 national and regional sectoral associations.

T

160 (1) Requirement to deposit In case of companies with no public interest, the requirement is Rs 1 lakh along with the proposal unnecessary.signifying candidature of a person other than the retiring director to stand for directorship

170 Register of directors and key This requirement entails unnecessary compliance.managerial personnel and theirshareholding, filing of return with RoC

173 (3) Requirement of giving 7 days’ Private companies are closely held and managed by family members. notice for a meeting of the Further these are not obligated to appoint independent directors. In Board view thereof, this requirement would be cumbersome and restrictive.

180 Restrictions on power of the Since shareholders in a private company are usually its directorsBoard and their relatives, such restrictions are unnecessary in case of

companies with no public interest.

185 Loans to Directors, etc. In case of companies with no public interest, the requirement whichprohibits giving loans to directors, not even with shareholders’approval, is restrictive.

186 Loans and investments by a Private Companies with no public interest should be allowed tocompany operate in accordance with their internal policies and should not be

obligated to follow the same compliances as are applicable to other public companies.

188 Related Party Transactions In private companies with no public interest, such requirement arerather cumbersome. Further, such restrictions could lead to deadlockswhere the directors and their relatives are shareholders too and thusprevented from voting on the transactions.

195 Prohibition on Insider Trading The consequence of applying principles of prohibition of forwarding of Securities trading or insider trading to unlisted companies, which do not have

published information can affect their ability to raise funds. SEBI has on3rd October, 2013 vide notification issued under Section 16 and 28 ofthe Securities Contract Regulation Act, 1956 clearly demonstrated thatthe option agreements, wherein the valuation is determined based onprice sensitive information of unlisted companies, where there is nopublication of such information required, do not get affected.

Additionally, it may be noted that ‘insider trading’ is not relevant fromthe perspective of a private company and unlisted public company(except where such public company intends to get its shares listed) asthe shares of such companies are not traded on any stock exchange,and the person, who has any price sensitive information, cannot usesuch information in ‘deal in such securities’.

203 Appointment of Key Managerial In case of non-public interest entities, company should have thePersonnel discretion to decide whether to appoint KMPs or not depending on the

scale of operations.

245 Class Action Given the shareholding pattern of the private companies under review,this level of investor protection would not be required and would onlyprotract resolution of matters.

Section Provision Rationale

Page 39: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

36

ADVERTISEMENT FOR CII'S GLOBAL REGULATORY UPDATE

The Global Regulatory update is now in its second year. After successfully bringing out 12 issues, the monthly

newsletter has been revamped and bears a fresh look.

We invite you to get associated with CII Global Regulatory Update by way of creating your own space in the update:

CATEGORY Members Non-Members

Back Cover Page (Inside) ` 50,000 55,000

Full Page 30,000 35,000

Half Page 20,000 25,000

Section Sponsorship Also available; you may contact the undersigned.e.g xyz (Company name) presents “Global Udate”

Benefits include an advertisement, write up about the contributor and logo)

`

` `

` `

corporate

For further queries:Prabhat Negi

Corporate Governance & Regulatory Affairs DepartmentConfederation of Indian Industry

The Mantosh Sondhi Centre23 Institutional Area, Lodi Road, New Delhi - 110 003

Tel: 011-41506492 Fax: 011-24615693 Email: [email protected]

37

The newsletter is circulated to the entire membership of CII; direct membership of over 7000 organisations from the

private as well as public sectors, including SMEs and MNCs, and an indirect membership of over 90,000 companies

from around 400 national and regional sectoral associations.

T

160 (1) Requirement to deposit In case of companies with no public interest, the requirement is Rs 1 lakh along with the proposal unnecessary.signifying candidature of a person other than the retiring director to stand for directorship

170 Register of directors and key This requirement entails unnecessary compliance.managerial personnel and theirshareholding, filing of return with RoC

173 (3) Requirement of giving 7 days’ Private companies are closely held and managed by family members. notice for a meeting of the Further these are not obligated to appoint independent directors. In Board view thereof, this requirement would be cumbersome and restrictive.

180 Restrictions on power of the Since shareholders in a private company are usually its directorsBoard and their relatives, such restrictions are unnecessary in case of

companies with no public interest.

185 Loans to Directors, etc. In case of companies with no public interest, the requirement whichprohibits giving loans to directors, not even with shareholders’approval, is restrictive.

186 Loans and investments by a Private Companies with no public interest should be allowed tocompany operate in accordance with their internal policies and should not be

obligated to follow the same compliances as are applicable to other public companies.

188 Related Party Transactions In private companies with no public interest, such requirement arerather cumbersome. Further, such restrictions could lead to deadlockswhere the directors and their relatives are shareholders too and thusprevented from voting on the transactions.

195 Prohibition on Insider Trading The consequence of applying principles of prohibition of forwarding of Securities trading or insider trading to unlisted companies, which do not have

published information can affect their ability to raise funds. SEBI has on3rd October, 2013 vide notification issued under Section 16 and 28 ofthe Securities Contract Regulation Act, 1956 clearly demonstrated thatthe option agreements, wherein the valuation is determined based onprice sensitive information of unlisted companies, where there is nopublication of such information required, do not get affected.

Additionally, it may be noted that ‘insider trading’ is not relevant fromthe perspective of a private company and unlisted public company(except where such public company intends to get its shares listed) asthe shares of such companies are not traded on any stock exchange,and the person, who has any price sensitive information, cannot usesuch information in ‘deal in such securities’.

203 Appointment of Key Managerial In case of non-public interest entities, company should have thePersonnel discretion to decide whether to appoint KMPs or not depending on the

scale of operations.

245 Class Action Given the shareholding pattern of the private companies under review,this level of investor protection would not be required and would onlyprotract resolution of matters.

Section Provision Rationale

Page 40: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

NotesNotes

Page 41: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

NotesNotes

Page 42: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

Notes

Page 43: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

Notes

Page 44: Global Regulatory Update, January 2014

Confederation of Indian Industry

The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) works to create and sustain an environment conducive to

the development of India, partnering industry, Government, and civil society, through advisory and

consultative processes.

CII is a non-government, not-for-profit, industry-led and industry-managed organization, playing a

proactive role in India's development process. Founded over 119 years ago, India's premier business

association has over 7100 members, from the private as well as public sectors, including SMEs and

MNCs, and an indirect membership of over 90,000 enterprises from around 257 national and regional

sectoral industry bodies.

CII charts change by working closely with Government on policy issues, interfacing with thought

leaders, and enhancing efficiency, competitiveness and business opportunities for industry through

a range of specialized services and strategic global linkages. It also provides a platform for

consensus-building and networking on key issues.

Extending its agenda beyond business, CII assists industry to identify and execute corporate

citizenship programmes. Partnerships with civil society organizations carry forward corporate

initiatives for integrated and inclusive development across diverse domains including affirmative

action, healthcare, education, livelihood, diversity management, skill development, empowerment

of women, and water, to name a few.

The CII Theme for 2013-14 is Accelerating Economic Growth through Innovation, Transformation,

Inclusion and Governance. Towards this, CII advocacy will accord top priority to stepping up the

growth trajectory of the nation, while retaining a strong focus on accountability, transparency and

measurement in the corporate and social eco-system, building a knowledge economy, and broad-

basing development to help deliver the fruits of progress to all.

With 63 offices, including 9 Centres of Excellence, in India, and 7 overseas offices in Australia, China,

Egypt, France, Singapore, UK, and USA, as well as institutional partnerships with 224 counterpart

organizations in 90 countries, CII serves as a reference point for Indian industry and the international

business community.

Confederation of Indian Industry

The Mantosh Sondhi Centre

23, Institutional Area, Lodi Road, New Delhi – 110 003 (India)

T: 91 11 45771000 / 24629994-7 F: 91 11 24626149

E: [email protected] W: www.cii.in

Reach us via our Membership Helpline: 00-91-11-435 46244 / 00-91-99104 46244

CII Helpline Toll free No: 1800-103-1244