Global: 9/30/2015 • Instructional Objective: Exam Review • Question: How did the Printing Press impact

Europe; What were the Key ideas of Machiavelli?

• CCS: 2; 5• Homework: #7: Due: Exam #1: Thursday.

Homework #8: Friday: Pages 353 – 357 2/3 1/3• Key Words: Literacy; “Ends Justify the Means” • Renaissance Pages in Text: 344 – 352 – use these

as resource for your exam...

I. Why in Italy at this Time?

• Revival of Commerce and Town Building was more intense in Italy

• Italy’s location in the center of the Mediterranean was key!

• Feudalism had less of a grip on Italy

• Presence of antiquity (Ancient Rome) was stronger in Italy than elsewhere in Europe

The Commercial Revolution

• Dramatic recovery of European commerce (Crusades impact)

• Important industries flourish in Northern Italy

• The significance of printing and mining as new industries

• The fifteenth-century banking empire of the Medici family in Florence

The Commercial Revolution

• Beginnings of capitalism in Europe• Money is actually used as a way to buy and

sell goods...not just bartering...• Italian City States become centers of

commerce/wealthy patrons will support the Arts.

• Trade is centered in Italy...

The Commercial Revolution

• Profit-making became more important than Church doctrine (it was “OK” to make a living!)

• To overcome guilt, profit-makers indulge in philanthropy (Public Art)

• Guilds had great influence on Italian City states

Machiaveli

• Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527)-- “The Prince”

• The goal of the prince must be power

• Cynical view of human nature

• Fear is a better motivator than affection

• Politics as the art of deception

Machiavelli

• Leaders cannot be “handcuffed” by religion or morality...

• You need to do what is necessary to achieve your goal.

• Assume that people are dishonest and disloyal, and act accordingly...

• Look to history for what works best, not what you think the people want.

• It is better to be feared than it is to be loved.

VII. Renaissance Education and Philosophy (cont)

• First influenced secondary education

• Extreme vanity of Renaissance scholars

• The importance of law and rhetoric in Renaissance education

• Classical political ideals were cultivated

• Knowledge needed to be useful

The Printing Press: Critical Invention!

• Invented in 1440 by Johannes Gutenberg.

• Explosion of printed materials--By 1500, 40,000 titles printed and between 8-10 million copies

• The impact of movable-type printing presses: research and literacy

• Spread of Ideas...