1In these disorders, the glomerular capillaries are primarily involved.Antigen-antibody complexes form in the blood and become trapped in the glomerular capillaries, inducing an infammatory response.Immunoglobulin G (IgG) can be detected in glomerular capillary walls.Proteinuriaematuria!ecreased "#$Alteration in excretion of sodium % leading to edema and &'(Acute glomerulonephritis is the infammation of the glomeruli which causes the )idneys to malfunctionIt is also called Acute 'ephritis, "lomerulonephritis and Post-*treptococcal "lomerulonephritisIncubation period is + to , wee)sInfectious*treptococcalNonstreptococcal postinfectious glomerulonephritis -acterial.iralParasiticNoninfectiousMultisystem systemic diseasesPrimary glomerular diseasesHematuria- dar) brown or smo)y urineEdema - starts in the eye lids and face then the lower and upper limbs then becomes generali/ed0 may be migratory AzotemiaProteinuria %1,.2 g of proteinuria per day(Hypertension3 usually mild to moderateIn more severe form of disease patients complain of headache, malaise and fank pain.Elderly patientmay experience 3- circulatory overload with dyspnea - engorged neck vein- cardiomegaly - pulmonary edemaSerum IgAElectron Microscopy and Immunofourescent AnalysisKindney BiopsyBase line measurements-4 5rea -4 6reatinine- 5rinalysis %7*5(3 a( 5rine microscopy %red cell cast( b( proteinuria ypertensive encephalopathy, heart failure and acute pulmonary edema may occur in severe casesAcute renal necrosis due to in8ury of capillary or capillary thrombosis proper hygieneprompt medical assessment for necessary antibiotic therapy should be sought when infection is suspectedprophylactic immuni/ations&reat the underlying infections when acute "' is associated with chronic infections. Antimicrobial therapyAntibiotics %eg, penicillin( are used to control local symptoms and to prevent spread of infection to close contacts.Antimicrobial therapy does not appear to prevent the development of "', except if given within the 9rst ,: hours.Loop diuretic therapy;oop diuretics may be reective diuresis will begin resulting in decreased edema and blood pressure.=ther nursing intervention focus about-A(!isease process -(reparation for safe and e>ective self care home.-6( ?xplanations of laboratory and other diagnostic examinations&he condition is characteri/ed by irreversible and progressive glomerular and tubulointerstitial 9brosis, ultimately leading to a reduction in the glomerular 9ltration rate %"#$( and retention of uremic toxins. If disease progression is not halted with therapy, the net result is chronic )idney disease %6@!(, end-stage renal disease %?*$!(, and cardiovascular disease. &he diagnosis of 6@! can be made without )nowledge of the speci9c cause. 'early all forms of acute glomerulonephritishave a tendency toprogress to chronic glomerulonephritis. &he progression from acute glomerulonephritis to chronic glomerulonephritis is variable. Bhereas complete recovery of renal function is the rule for patients with poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, several other glomerulonephritides, often have a relatively benign course and many do not progress to ?*$!. @idneys reduced in si/e %1CD to normal si/e( consisting largely 9brous tissue.6ortex layer shirn)s to 1 to +mm in thic)ness or less.-andsof scar tissue distort the remaining cortex, ma)ing the surface of the )idney rough and irregular."lomeruli and their tubules become scarred and the branches of renal are thic)ened.*evere glomerular damage, can progress to stage D 6@! and re