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Glaciation

Glaciation= the formation of glaciers and the

process by which they shape the landscapes

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Formation

Last ice age retreated10,000 years ago, now in

inter glacial period. A glacier occurs when thesnow accumulation is

greater than the rate ofmelting. Glaciers are slow moving

rivers of ice that form in

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Movement

As the ice gets heavier theweight causes it to slide

down hill, under the force ofgravity, average 2m a day.

This causes friction beneath

the ice which melts a thinlayer.

The resulting meltwater acts

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Processes Freeze thaw- a form of weathering,

water freezing in cracks of therock puts stress on the rock. Thiscontinued expansion and

contraction loosens the surfacelayer of rock

Abrasion- ice scoops up debris as it

moves and scratches away theside and floor of the valley

Plucking- the ice melts and freezes

around the rock then when the

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Landforms

The formation of a corrie- deep circularhollows near mountain top. Formed bysnow collecting in hollows which compactsand turns to ice. This ice moves down hill

under weight and the combined action offreeze thaw, abrasion and pluckingsteepens corrie sides and deepens thefloor.

A lip forms at the edge of the corrie where

erosion slows, the glacier flows over thetop of this lip but the tension in the ice

causes fractures know as crevasses.

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Landforms Cont...

Formation of an Arte- where twoneighbouring corries run back toback and gradually move closer

together, this narrows andsteepens the wall between them,forming a knife edge ridge.

Where several corries and artesmeet creates a sharply pointedsummit or pyramidal peak, e.g.

Snowdon, Mt Everest.

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Landform Cont...

As the glacier moves down the valleyit carves a u shaped valley. The icecuts right through leaving steep

edges on the sides, truncatedspurs, because the tributarysteams are at a higher level than

the main valley they enter ashanging valleys or waterfalls.

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Glacial Deposits

When the ice melts, deposits are left.

Moraines are rock material left byretreating glacier and are named

depending on where they are left.Terminal which is the furthest pointreached, Lateral is on the sides,Medial is in the centre of the valley

Drumlins are elongated hills whichoccur in groups commonly called abasket of eggs. The blunt end

usually faces the direction the ice

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Quick Fire Quiz

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What is a Glacier?

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When did the last ice age

retreat?

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What are the 3 processes

of glacial erosion?

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A glacier occurs on the top

of a mountain?True or False?

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Whats the name for an

ice hollow?

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Two corries together are

called a pyramidal peak?True or False?

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A glacial valley is what

shape?

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A truncated spur is

another name for a lake?True or False?

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Name the 3 types of

moraine

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What are groups of

drumlins called?

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Answers

1= A flow moving river of ice in anmountainous area

2= 10,000 years ago 3= Abrasion, freeze thaw and plucking 4= False 5= Corrie 6= False

7= U shape 8= False 9=Lateral, Terminal and Medial 10= basket of eggs or swarms