g]kfn mhnjfo' kl/jt{g / jftfj/0f aoj:yfkgsf nful ifdtf clej[wbl— lhnnf … · 2014-09-29 ·...

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k|fljlws ;xfotf k/fdz{bftfåf/f tof/ kfl/Psf] l/kf]6 {

k|f]h]S6 gDa/M 6L P &!&# g]kfn,c;f/ @)^(

g]kfn Mhnjfo' kl/jt{g / jftfj/0f Aoj:yfkgsf nfuLIfdtf clej[WbL —

lhNnf :t/Lo tflnd ;fdu|L, efu #Mk|lzIfssf nflu dfu{bz{g

g]kfn ;/sf/, jftfj/0f dGqfnosf] nflu

;fd"lxs cleofg, ?kfGt/0f g]kfn tyf gd{;\ g]kfnsf]sG:ff]l6{odåf/f tof/ kfl/Psf]

o; l/kf]6{df AoSt ljrf/n] P8LaL cyjf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cflwsfl/s wf/0ff AoStu/]sf] dflgg] 5}g / o;af6 pTkGg x'g ;Sg] s'g} bfloTjaf6 oL lgsfox? d'St /xg]5g\ .

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g]kfn ;/sf/

jftfj/0f dGqfno

lhNnf txdf jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg tyf hnjfo'kl/jt{g ;DaGwL

tflnd lgb]{lzsf

k|lzIfssf nflu dfu{bz{g

-TOT Guide)tof/stf{

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3

b'O{ zAb

g]kfn ;/sf/ jftfj/0f dGqfnon] g]kfndf hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf jftfj/0f Joj:yfkgsf nflucfjZos kg]{ Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] PlzofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] k|fljlws ;xfotf (TA7173)

cfof]hgf cGtu{t ljleGg lqmofsnfkx? ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfn] ;/sf/Llgsfox?nfO{ kof{Kt ;"rgfdf cfwfl/t eP/ clws hf]lvddf /x]sf lhNnfx?df jftfj/0f tyfhnjfo' kl/jt{gsf hf]lvdx? klxrfg ug{, ;f]xLcg'?k of]hgf agfpg / ;d'bfonfO{ ;zQm?kdf cg's'ngsf pkfo cjnDag ug{ 6]jf k'¥ofpg] 5 .

o; cfof]hgfsf] Ps k|d'v cËsf ?kdf hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf jftfj/0fsf ;DaGwdf;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] r]tgf clej[l4 klg Ps xf] . o; cg'?k ul/g] ljleGg lqmofsnfk dWo]:yfgLo txsf lgsfox?df hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf jftfj/0f Joj:yfkgsf ;jfnnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos hgzlQm ljsf; ug]{{ sfo{sf nflu lhNnf txdfhnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg ;DalGw tflnd lgb]{lzsf tof/L ug]{ sfo{nfO{ jftfj/0fdGqfnon] ;fd"lxs cleofg, ?kfGt/0f g]kfn tyf gd{;\ g]kfnsf] sG:ff]l6{odnfO{ ;'lDkPsf]lyof] . o;} cg'?k pQm sG;f]l6{odåf/f of] tflnd k'l:tsf tof/ ul/Psf] xf] .

of] tflnd k'l:tsfdf hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf jftfj/0f Joj:yfkgsf cfwf/e"t ljifox? / :yfgLotxsf of]hgf th'{dfdf o;sf ;jfnx?nfO{ ;dfj]; ug{ rflng'kg]{ sbdsf cfwf/e"t s'/fx?nfO{;d]6\g'sf cltl/Qm /fli6«o cg's'ng sfo{qmd (National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA) - 2010)

n] lgwf{l/t u/]sf cGo 5 j6f If]qdf hjnfo' kl/jt{gsf k|efj / To;nfO{ cGt//fli6«o tyf/fli6«o txdf ul/Psf ;Daf]wgsf ljifodf cfwf/e"t s'/fx? ;dfj]; ul/Psf] 5 . o;} u/L tLIf]qx? -s[ifL tyf vfB ;'/Iff, jg tyf h}ljs ljljwtf, hn;|f]t tyf phf{, hg:jf:Yo, zx/La;f]jf; tyf k"jf{wf/ / hnjfo' ;[lht k|sf]kdf cg's'ng x'gsf nflu :yfgLo txdf ug{ ;lsg]k|of;x?sf ljifodf 5nkmn ug]{ ljifoa:t'x? ;d]l6Psf 5g\ .

o; dGqfnosf] ;dGjodf o;sf] csf]{ c+u (Component) ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;Í6f;Gg\ ljZn]if0f,hf]lvd gSzfÍg tyf cg's'ng of]hgf (Community Based Vulnerability Assessment, Risk Mapping

and Adaptation Planning (CBVA) ;+u ;d]t ;dGjo ub}{ tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . o; lgb]{lzsf nfluljifoa:t' lgwf{/0f ug]{ r/0f b]lvg} 5 j6} ljifout (Thematic) dGqfnosf s]lGb|o txsfsd{rf/L, ljleGg ljsf; ;fem]bf/x?sf lj1x? tyf cGo ljleGg ;+:yfsf ljifo lj1x?;Fu5nkmn / k[i7kf]if0f cfbfgk|bfg ub}{ tflnd k'l:tsf tof/L 6f]lnsf ljifout lj1x?åf/f ljifoutdGqfno, ljefu tyf tflnd dxfzfvfx?sf lhDd]jf/ sd{rf/Lx?;Fusf] e]63f6, cGt/lqmof /ljleGg k|sfzgx?sf] ;dLIffaf6 cWoog ;fdu|Lx? tof/ ul/Psf] xf] .

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lgb]{lzsfsf] d:of}bf tof/L kl5 o;sf] k"j{ k/LIf0f tflnd ?kGb]xL lhNnfdf ul/of] . k"j{ kl/If0ftflndjf6 k|fKt ;'emfj / l;sfO{x?nfO{ lgb]{lzsfdf ;dfj]; ul/ o; lgb]{lzsfdf cfwfl/t eO{sf7df08f}+df k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd ;+rfng ul/of] . k|lzIf0f tflndsf ;xefuLx?nfO{kl/rfng ul/ k|f/flDes tflndx?df wflbª, afUn'ª / bfª lhNnfx?sf ;+rfng ul/of] . oL ;j}tflndx?df hDdf &!% hgf JolQmx?sf] ;xefuLtf /x]sf] lyof] . tflndsf ;xefuLx?sf] ;d]tk[i7kf]if0f ;d]6]/ o; lgb]{lzsfnfO{ Jojxfl/s agfpg] k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 .

o; lgb]{lzsfsf] tof/L kl5 ;dsIfL ;dLIff (Peer Review) ug{] sfo{df jftfj/0f dGqfnosf;x;lrj >LdtL dLgf vgfn, >L a6's[i0f pk|]lt, n}lËs tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj];Ls/0f ljz]if1 >LlbJofb]jL u'?Ë, l8PkmcfOl8sL >L ;ljtf yfkf tyf tflnd ljz]if1 >L af;'b]j Gof}kfg]af6 k|fKt;'emfj Pj+ k[i7kf]if0fnfO{ ;dfj]; ul/Psf] 5 .

of] tflnd k'l:tsf :yfgLo txdf hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf jftfj/0f Joj:yfkgsf ljifodf ;r]thgzlQm tof/ ug{ ;xof]uL l;4 x'g]5 eGg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

cGtdf o; lgb]{lzsf tof/Lsf qmddf ;+nUg /xg' ePsf ;fd'lxs cleofg, ?kfGt/0f g]kfn /gd{; sG;f]l6{odsf l6dnfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxfG5' .

s[i0f 1jfnL;lrj

jftfj/0f dGqfno

5

5

b'O{ zAb

g]kfn ;/sf/ jftfj/0f dGqfnon] g]kfndf hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf jftfj/0f Joj:yfkgsf nflucfjZos kg]{ Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] PlzofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] k|fljlws ;xfotf (TA7173)

cfof]hgf cGtu{t hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf jftfj/0fsf ;DaGwdf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] r]tgf clej[l4ug]{{ sfo{sf nflu lhNnf txdf hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg ;DalGw of] tflndlgb]{lzsf tof/L u/]sf] 5 . o; dGqfnon] of] sfo{ ;fd"lxs cleofg, ?kfGt/0f g]kfn tyf gd{;\g]kfnsf] sG:ff]l6{odnfO{ ;'lDkPsf] cg'?k pQm sG;f]l6{odåf/f of] tflnd lgb]{lzsf tof/ ul/Psf]xf] .

o; lgb]{lzsfdf hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf jftfj/0f Joj:yfkgsf cfwf/e"t ljifox? / :yfgLotxsf of]hgf th'{dfdf o;sf ;jfnx?nfO{ ;dfj]; ug{ rflng'kg]{ sbdsf cfwf/e"t s'/fx?nfO{;d]6\g'sf ;fy} /fli6«o cg's'ng sfo{qmd (National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA) - 2010) n]lgwf{l/t u/]sf cGo 5 j6f If]qdf hjnfo' kl/jt{gsf k|efj / To;nfO{ cGt//fli6«o tyf /fli6«otxdf ul/Psf ;Daf]wgsf ljifodf cfwf/e"t s'/fx? ;dfj]; ul/Psf] 5 .

o; lgb]{lzsf nflu ljifoa:t' lgwf{/0f ug]{ r/0f b]lvg} 5 j6} ljifout (Thematic) dGqfnosfs]lGb|o txsf sd{rf/L, ljleGg ljsf; ;fem]bf/x?sf lj1x? tyf cGo ljleGg ;+:yfsf ljifolj1x?;Fu 5nkmn / k[i7kf]if0f cfbfgk|bfg ub}{ tflnd k'l:tsf tof/L 6f]lnsf ljifoutlj1x?åf/f ljifout dGqfno, ljefu tyf tflnd dxfzfvfx?sf lhDd]jf/ sd{rf/Lx?;Fusf]e]63f6, cGt/lqmof / ljleGg k|sfzgx?sf] ;dLIffaf6 cWoog ;fdu|Lx? tof/ ul/Psf] xf] .

of] tflnd k'l:tsf :yfgLo txdf hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf jftfj/0f Joj:yfkgsf ljifodf ;r]thgzlQm tof/ ug{ ;xof]uL l;4 x'g]5 eGg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

pQm sG;f]l6{odåf/f of] tflnd k'l:tsf tof/L sfo{df w]/} hgf lj1 tyf cGo JolQmx?sf] cd"Noof]ubfgaf6 of] k'l:tsf o; ?kdf tof/ ePsf] 5 . o; sfo{df of]ubfg k'¥ofpg'x'g] ljleGgdxfg'efjx?nfO{ of] æhnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL Ifdtf clwj[l4sf] nfluk|fljlws ;xfotf sfo{qmdÆ sf tkm{af6 xflb{s s[t1tf k|s6 ug{ rfxG5'+ .

;a{k|yd lgb]{lzsf tof/L sfo{df lg/Gt/ ;dGjo tyf dGqfnoaf6 cfjZos kg]{ ;xof]usfnflu ;+nUg x'g'x'g] æhnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL Ifdtf clwj[l4sf] nfluk|fljlws ;xfotf sfo{qmdÆ sf /fli6«o sfo{qmd Joj:yfks >L k"0f{eQm t08'sf/ tyf cGosd{rf/Lx?nfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . o; dGqfnod}} PlzofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] k|fljlws ;xfotf(TA7173) 6f]nL cGt/ut /x]/ ljleGg sfo{df ;xhLs/0f ug'{x'g] >L ªldGb| bfxfn, >L l8NnL/fhhf]zL tyf >L rfN;{ k|wfgnfO{ ;xhLs/0fsf nflu wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .

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lgb]{lzsf tof/Lsf nflu cWoogsf qmddf tyf ljleGg ;dodf k[i7kf]if0f tyf tflnd uf]li7df;xefuLtf hgfP/ ;xof]u ug'{x'g] ljleGg ljifout dGqfno (Thematic Ministries) sf sd{rf/Ltyf ljefusf k|d'vx? Pj+ ljsf; ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ ;d]t wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .

cGtdf o; lgb]{lzsf tof/Lsf qmddf ;+nUg /xg' ePsf ;fd'lxs cleofg, ?kfGt/0f g]kfn /gd{; sG;f]l6{odsf l6dnfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxfG5' .

>LdtL dLgf vgfn/fli6«o sfo{qmd lgb]{zs

ADB TA 7173;x ;lrj

jftfj/0f dGqfno

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7

ljifo ;"rL

!= k[i7e"dLM ................................................................................................................. 8

@= tflndsf] p2]Zo ........................................................................................................ 8

#= dfubz{gsf] k|of]ustf{ M .............................................................................................. 9

$= tflndsf] p2]Zo ...................................................................................................... 9

%= ljifoj:t' ............................................................................................................ 10

^= Tfflndsf ;xefuLx? ............................................................................................... 11

&= dfu{bz{sf] k|of]uM ................................................................................................... 11

*= tflnd ;~rfng sfo{ljlw tyf z}nL............................................................................ 11

(= tflnd ;dofjlwM .................................................................................................. 12

!)= tflnd ;xhstf{n] Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx? ....................................................................... 12

!!= = ;];gsf vfsf (Session outline) ............................................................................... 14

!@= tflnd ;fdu|Lsf] ;"rL ........................................................................................... 18

!!= ljlwx?sf] kl/ro / k|lqmof....................................................................................... 20

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8

!= k[i7e"dLM

jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg / hnjfo" kl/jt{g ;DjlGw tflnddf ;xefuL x'g] tflndsf ;xefuLx?sfnflu o; tflnd ;|f]t k'l:tsf k'l:tsf tof/ ul/Psf] 5g\ . o; ;|f]t k'l:tsf d'Vo p2]Zo tflndcjwLdf tflnd ;xefuLnfO{ tflnd sfo{qmdsf] lrgfgL, tflnd k2tL,tflnddf logisticalJoj:yfkg / tflnd d"NofFsg ;DjlGw hfgsf/L ug'{ /x]sf]5 . o; ;|f]t k'l:tsfn] tflnd k"j{ /tflnd ;+rfng cjwLdf ;xefuLx?n] ;+nUg x'g' kg]{ ljleGg sfo{ / k|lqmofsf ;lIfKt hfgsf/LpknJw ub{5 .

;xof]uL k'l:tsfnfO{ ;ft j6f d'Vo lzif{sdf ljefhg tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . klxnf] j'bfFdf ;xof]uLk'l:tsfsf] kl/ro, bf];|f]df tflnd df]8'o'nsf] pb]Zo tyf ck]lIft pknJwx?, t];|f]df tflndsflogistical Joj:yfkg, rf}yf]df tflndsf] ;lIfKt hfgsf/L, kfrf}+ tflndsf] vFfsf÷k|f?k, 57f}+df;xefuLx?n] ug'{ kg]{ tflnd k"j{sf tof/L / clGtdf tflnd d"NofFsg ;DjlGw ljj/0fx? /flvPsf]5 .

@= tflndsf] p2]Zo

tflndsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] lgDg s'/fx? ug{ ;Sg]5g\ M

jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf cfwf/e"t cjwf/0ff j0f{g ug{ gfkfåf/f lgwf{l/t 5 j6f If]qdf -jg tyf h}ljs ljljwtf, zxLs/0f tyf ef}lts k"jf{wf/,

hg:jf:Yo, phf{ tyf hn;|f]t, k|sf]k / s[lif tyf vfB ;'/Iff_df jftfj/0f ljgf; tyfhnjfo'sf] kl/jt{gsf ePsf d"Vo d"Vo cf;/x? jtpg Clarify impact of climate changeand environmental management in different sector (6 Thematic sector of NAPA)

gfkfåf/f lgwf{l/t 5 j6f If]qdf jftfj/0f ljgf; tyf hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{gsf ePsf d"Vod"Vo cf;/x?nfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{ nflnPsf :yfgLo, /fli6«o Pj} cGt//fli6o txdf ul/Psfk|of;x? jtpg Describe local, National, Regional and International initiatives to respondenvironmental and climate change issues

:yfgLo txdf jftfj/0f ljgf; tyf hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{g ;DjlGw ;jfnx? klxrfg ug]{cfwf/e"t k|lqmof j0f{g ug{ Identify and priorities local environmental management andclimate change related issues and problem

:yfgLo txdf jftfj/0f ljgf; tyf hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{g ;DjlGw ;jfnx?nfO{ ;Djf]wgug]{ :yfgLo txsf of]hgfx?df ;dfj]; ug]{ / ;|f]t ;fFwgsf] ljlgof]hg ug]{ cfwf/e"ttl/sfx? ckgfpg Reflect own programme, plan and resources to respond climatechange and environment management

:yfgLo txdf jftfj/0f ljgf; tyf hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{g ;DjlGw of]hgfx? sfof{Gjogug{ ;|f]t tyf ;fFwgsf ;DefJotf vf]hL tyf klxrfg ug{ Explore resources to deliverclimate change adaptation and environmental management related interventions

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9

:yfgLo txdf jftfj/0f ljgf; tyf hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{g ;DjlGw ;jfn tyf sfj{gdfs]{l6+usf cfwf/e"t s'/fx?df 5nkmn ug{ Discuss on small project related to ClimateChange, environmental management and carbon marketing in Nepal

:yfgLo txdf jftfj/0f ljgf; tyf hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{g ;DjlGw ;jfnx? ;Daf]wg ub}{sfof{Gjog ug{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] e"ldsf klxrfg ug{ Identify roles of stakeholders toresponding EM and CC issues

#= dfubz{gsf] k|of]ustf{ M

of] dfu{bz{gsf d'Vo k|of]ustf{ eg]sf lhNnf txdf hnjfo" kl/jt{gsf c;/ tyf k|efj sdug{sf nflu ;lqmo x'g] ;/sf/L, ;fdflhs ljsf; tyf gLlh If]qsf lgsfo tyf ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf]Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zo ePsf lgsfosf tflnd ;xhstf{x? x'g\ . o; dfu{bz{gsf] k|of]utflnd ;xhstf{sf] ?kdf lgDg lgsfox?n] k|ToIf ?kdf ug{ ;S5g\ M

lhNnf jg sfof{no lhNnf s[lif sfof{no lhNnf e" ;+/If0f sfof{no lhNnf hg :jf:Yo sfof{no lhNnf ejg sfof{no lhNnf hn pTkGg Go"lgs/0f =========== lhNnf b}jL k|sf]k ;ldlt <<< ;fdflhs tyf gful/s ;dfh ;+:yf u}/ ;/sf/L ;fdflhs ljsf; ;+:yf

$= tflndsf] p2]Zo

o; dfu{bz{gdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] tflndsf] d'Vo p2]Zo lgDg cg';f/ 5M

tflndsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] lgDg s'/fx? ug{ ;Sg]5g\ M

jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf cfwf/e"t cjwf/0ff j0f{g ug{ gfkfåf/f lgwf{l/t 5 j6f If]qdf (jg tyf h}ljs ljljwtf, zxLs/0f tyf ef}lts

k"jf{wf/, hg:jf:Yo, phf{ tyf hn;|f]t, k|sf]k / s[lif tyf vfB ;'/Iff_df jftfj/0fljgf; tyf hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{gsf ePsf d"Vo d"Vo cf;/x? jtpg Clarify impact ofclimate change and environmental management in different sector (6 Thematic sector of NAPA)

gfkfåf/f lgwf{l/t 5 j6f If]qdf jftfj/0f ljgf; tyf hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{gsf ePsf d"Vod"Vo cf;/x?nfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{ nflnPsf :yfgLo, /fli6«o Pj} cGt//fli6o txdf ul/Psf

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10

k|of;x? jtpg Describe local, National, Regional and International initiatives to respondenvironmental and climate change issues

:yfgLo txdf jftfj/0f ljgf; tyf hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{g ;DjlGw ;jfnx? klxrfg ug]{cfwf/e"t k|lqmof j0f{g ug{ Identify and priorities local environmental management andclimate change related issues and problem

:yfgLo txdf jftfj/0f ljgf; tyf hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{g ;DjlGw ;jfnx?nfO{ ;Djf]wgug]{ :yfgLo txsf of]hgfx?df ;dfj]; ug]{ / ;|f]t ;fFwgsf] ljlgof]hg ug]{ cfwf/e"ttl/sfx? ckgfpg Reflect own programme, plan and resources to respond climatechange and environment management

:yfgLo txdf jftfj/0f ljgf; tyf hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{g ;DjlGw of]hgfx? sfof{Gjogug{ ;|f]t tyf ;fFwgsf ;DefJotf vf]hL tyf klxrfg ug{ Explore resources to deliverclimate change adaptation and environmental management related interventions

:yfgLo txdf jftfj/0f ljgf; tyf hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{g ;DjlGw ;jfn tyf sfj{gdfs]{l6+usf cfwf/e"t s'/fx?df 5nkmn ug{ Discuss on small project related to ClimateChange, environmental management and carbon marketing in Nepal

:yfgLo txdf jftfj/0f ljgf; tyf hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{g ;DjlGw ;jfnx? ;Daf]wg ub}{sfof{Gjog ug{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] e"ldsf klxrfg ug{ Identify roles of stakeholders toresponding EM and CC issues

%= ljifoj:t'

o; dfu{bz{gdf jftfj/0f tyf hnjfo" kl/jt{gsf cfwf/e"t ljifoj:t' ;dfj]z u/]/ tLg lbgsf]tflndsf] df]8\o"n tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . cfwf/e"t ljifoj:t' lgDg cg';f/ 5'§ofO{Psf] 5 M

jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf cfwf/e"t cjwf/0ff j0f{g ug{ gfkfåf/f lgwf{l/t 5 j6f If]qdf (jg tyf h}ljs ljljwtf, zxLs/0f tyf ef}lts

k"jf{wf/, hg:jf:Yo, phf{ tyf hn;|f]t, k|sf]k / s[lif tyf vfB ;'/Iff_df jftfj/0fljgf; tyf hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{gsf ePsf d"Vo d"Vo cf;/x? jtpg

gfkfåf/f lgwf{l/t 5 j6f If]qdf jftfj/0f ljgf; tyf hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{gsf ePsf d"Vod"Vo cf;/x?nfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{ nflnPsf :yfgLo, /fli6«o Pj} cGt//fli6o txdf ul/Psfk|of;x? jtpg

:yfgLo txdf jftfj/0f ljgf; tyf hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{g ;DjlGw ;jfnx? klxrfg ug]{cfwf/e"t k|lqmof j0f{g ug{

:yfgLo txdf jftfj/0f ljgf; tyf hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{g ;DjlGw ;jfnx?nfO{ ;Djf]wgug]{ :yfgLo txsf of]hgfx?df ;dfj]; ug]{ / ;|f]t ;fFwgsf] ljlgof]hg ug]{ cfwf/e"ttl/sfx? ckgfpg

:yfgLo txdf jftfj/0f ljgf; tyf hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{g ;DjlGw of]hgfx? sfof{Gjogug{ ;|f]t tyf ;fFwgsf ;DefJotf vf]hL tyf klxrfg ug

11

11

:yfgLo txdf jftfj/0f ljgf; tyf hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{g ;DjlGw ;jfn tyf sfj{gdfs]{l6+usf cfwf/e"t s'/fx?df 5nkmn ug

:yfgLo txdf jftfj/0f ljgf; tyf hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{g ;DjlGw ;jfnx? ;Daf]wg ub}{sfof{Gjog ug{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] e"ldsf klxrfg ug{

o;} u/L hnjfo" kl/jt{g;DaGwL /fli6«o cg's'ng sfo{qmd -gfkf_ n] klxrfg u/]sf ^ j6f k|efjIf]qsf] nflu 5'§f 5'§} u/L b'O lbg] tflndsf] df]8\o"n tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . o; b'O lbg] df]8\o"ndfd'Vo ?kdf lgDg ljifoj:t' ;dfj]; ul/Psf] 5M

lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nflu cg';"lr g+= ! x]g'{xf]nf .

klxnf] tLg lbg] tflnd lnPsf ;xefuLx?n] cfˆgf] cfjZostf cg';f/ ^ j6f If]q dWo] ;a} jfs'g} ljifodf dfq klg tlnd lng ;Sg]5g\ . t/, o; tflndsf] l8hfOg ubf{ klxnf] tLg lbg]cfwf/e"t ljifosf] tflnd lnPsf ;xefuLn] dfq If]qut tflnd lng ;Sg] u/L tof/ ul/Psf] 5.

^= Tfflndsf ;xefuLx?

o; tflndsf nlIft ;xefuLx?df lhNnf :t/Lo ;/sf/L sfof{nosf clws[tx?, gful/s;dfhsf gLlt lgdf{tfx?, gLlh If]qsf k|ltlglwsf cltl/Qm jftfj/0f / hnjfo" kl/jt{gsfIf]qdf sfo{/t gLlt lgdf{tf tyf sfo{Gjogstf{x? x'g]5g\ .

x/]s tflnddf jl9df @) hgf ;xefuLx?nfO{ ;dfj]z u/fOg] 5 . tflnd ;xefuL 5gf}6 ubf{k|To]s If]qaf6 ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj u/fOg] 5 .

&= dfu{bz{sf] k|of]uM

o;sf k|of]ustf{n] o;df pNn]lvt ljlw, k|lqmof, ;do ;fdu|L h:tf kIfx?nfO{ x'ax' ptfg'{eGbf o;df pNn]lvt dfu{bz{g / :yfgLo kl/j]z cg';f/ o;sf ljifoj:t'x?nfO{ kl/dfh{g(Customization) u/L tflnd ;~rfng ug'{ kb{5 . :yfgLo kl/j]z cg';f/ o; tflndsf] p2]Zo /d'ndd{nfO{ sfodf /fvL tflnd ;xhstf{n] cGo /rgfTds ultljlw ;d]t cufNg ;Sg]5g\ .

*= tflnd ;~rfng sfo{ljlw tyf z}nL

o; tflndnfO{ ;s];Dd ;xefuL s]lGb|t ?kdf ;~rfng ug]{ u/L tof/L ul/Psf] 5 . o;tflnd ;~rfng ubf{ k|lqmof s]lGb|t, bf]xf]/f] ;~rf/, ;xefuLx?df ckgTjsf] ljsf; ug]{, />Job[iofTds k|of]u x'g] u/L ;~rfng ug{ ;'emfj lbOPsf] 5 . o;}sf nflu ljleGg k|sf/sf

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;xefuL s]lGb|t tflnd ljlwx? 5gf}6 u/LPsf] 5 h;n] ubf{ ;xefuLx?n] cfˆgf] ljrf/ tyfcg'ej /fVg ;Sg]5g\ . o;sf ;fy} o; tflnd ;~rfng ubf{ jo:s l;sfOsf l;4fGtx?nfO{cfTd;fy ub} ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] u/L l8hfOg ul/Psf] 5 .

(= tflnd ;dofjlwM

o; tflndsf] ;dofjlw nfO{ d'Vo ?kdf b'O efudf afFl8Psf] 5 . klxnf] efu tLg lbgsf]cjlwsf] hnjfo" kl/jt{gsf ljifoj:t' ;d]l6Psf] ;fwf/0f v08 (Generic Module) sf] x'g]5 .o;} u/L NAPA n] klxrfg u/]sf] ^ j6f If]qsf nflu 5'§f 5'§} ^ j6f ljifout df]8'on (Themitic

Module) sf] x'g]5 .

klxnf] tLg lbgsf] df]8\o"n ;fdfGotof ;a} ;xefuLx?nfO{ lbOg] 5 eg] afFlw @ lbgsf] df]8\o"neg] ;DalGwt ljifout If]qdf sfo{/t ;xefuLx?nfO{ dfq lbPg] 5 .

b'a} df]8\o"nsf] nflu ;fdfGotof k|To]s lbg ! 306f #) ldg]6sf $ j6f ;];g ljifoj:t'sf nfluto ul/Psf] 5 . x/]s lbg z'?jftdf !% ldg]6 / lbgsf] cGTodf !% ldg]6sf] ;+If]lks/0f /d"NofÍgsf] nflu lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf] ;fy} x/]s ;];g kl5 !% ldg]6sf] lj>fd / #)ldg]6sf] vfhf lj>fdsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L k|To]s lbgsf] nflu &M!% ldg]6sf] ;dosf]cfwf/df l8hfOg ul/Psf] 5 .

!)= tflnd ;xhstf{n] Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx?

tflnd ;~rfng cufl8M

dfu{bz{gsf] k|of]u :yfgLo kl/j]z cg';f/ agfpg] . cfjZos tflnd ;fdu|L dxndf pNn]v ul/Psf] ;fdu|Lx? klxng] g} tof/ u/L /fVg] . ;];g ;~rfng dfu{bz{g cGtu{t k|To]s ;];gdf tflnd ;xhstf{sf] tof/Lsf s'/fx?

cf}NofOPsf 5g\, lt s'/fx?sf] cg';/0f ug]{ . tflnd kl/j]z / ;xefuLx?sf] ;+Vof cg';f/ pko'Qm tflnd xn 5gf}6 ug]{ . ;'ljwfhgs

?kaf6 tflnd xndf a:g] :yfgsf] k|aGw U cfsf/df ug]{ .

rflxg] b:tfj]hx? tof/L ;fy /fVg] . ;xefuLx?nfO{ ljt/0f ul/g] cWoog ;fdu|L cfjZostf cg';f/sf] k|lt l7s kfg]{ .

tflnd ;~rfng cjlwdf k|To]s ljifoj:t'nfO{ cl3Nnf] ;];g;Fu / kl5Nnf] ;];g;Fu hf]8\g] -Link_ ug'{kg]{ . tflnd ljlw tyf ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u ;xL 9+uaf6 ug]{ .

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;];gsf] aLr aLrdf ljifoj:t';Fu ;fGble{s egfO{, plQm, syf, ;–;fgf v]n, clego k|:t'tu/L tfhuLkg (Energies) Nofpg] tkm{ ;r]t /xg' kg]{ .

;xefuLsf] ;lqmo ;xefuLtfsf] k|lqmofsf] k|j4{g ug]{ . ;xefuLx?sf] a'emfO{sf] dfkg pko'Qm k|Zgsf cfwf/df ul/g' kg]{ . lgod tyf ;dosf] k"0f{ kfngfdf Vofn ug]{ . tflnd ;~rfng cjlwdf ljifoj:t' ;Sg] eGbf klg cfTd;fy ug{sf nlfu k|lqmofdf Wofg

lbg] . ;xefuLx?nfO{ tflnd ;~rfngdf ckgTj / ;x Joj:yfkgdf ;lqmo u/fpg] v'Nnf tyf bf]x/f] ;~rf/ ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

tflnd ljlwx? Ps} vfn] k|of]u gug]{, Pp6} ;];gdf klg ljleGg ljlwx?sf] ;+ld>0f ug]{k|of; ug]{ / ;s];Dd b[iofTds (Visulalize) agfpg k|of; ug] { .

tflnd ;~rfng kl5 k|To]s ;];g ;dfKtL kl5 ;];gdf k|of]u ul/Psf] k|:t'lt ul/Psf ;fdu|Lx? Jojl:yt ?kdf

/fVg] ;xefuLx? ;+u s'g} k|sf/sf] d"NofÍg tyf ;ldIff ul/Psf] 5 eg] To;sf] clen]v tof/

u/]/ /fVg] . dfu{bz{gdf lbOPsf] eGbf km/s 9+uaf6 ;];g ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 eg] To;sf] Ps k|lt

clen]vsf] nflu cfof]hs nfO{ lbg] . ;du|df s]lx ;Nnfx ;'emfjx? eP b]lv cfof]hs nfO{ ;s];Dd lnlvt ?kdf lbg] .

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!!= = ;];gsf vfsf (Session outline)

efu ! cfwf/e"t tflnd

klxnf] lbg bf]z|f] lbg t]z|f] lbg

;q ! pb\3f6g

() ldg]6

hnjfo' tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{glj1fg

() ldg]6

cg's'ng of]hgfsf ;fdu|L tyfk|s[ofx? () ldg]6

;q @ hnjfo' kl/jt{g /jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg

() ldg]6

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] /fli6«o tyfcGt/fli6«o c;/x?

() ldg]6

cg's'ng of]hgfsf ;fdu|L tyfk|s[ofx? -qmdz_

() ldg]6

;q # jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg

() ldg]6

hnjfo' kl/jt{gjf/] ;r]tgf

() ldg]6

cg's'ng of]hgfnfO{ cfjlwssfo{s|dx?df ;dflxt tyf

;+ul7t ug]{

^) ldg]6

;q $ jftfj/0fLo k|0ffnLjf/]cjwf/0ff

() ldg]6

Go'lgs/0f ^) ldg]6

cg's'ngsf] cjwf/0ff #)ldg]6

hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DjlG3 xfnePsf gLlt lgodx? #)

ldg]6

;q % tflnd ;dfkg

efu @M s[lif tyf vfB ;'/Iff

klxnf] lbg bf]z|f] lbg

klxnf] ;q kl/ro tyf ;fdfGo wf/0ff ()ldg]6

s[lif tyf vfB ;'/Iffdf hnjfo'kl/jt{gsf] k|efjsf] k|To'Q/ () ldg]6

bf]z|f] ;q hnjfo' kl/jt{g, s[lif / vfB cg's'ng sfo{ () ldg]6

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15

;'/Iff () ldg]6

t]z|f] ;q s[lif tyf vfB ;'/Iffdf hnjfo'kl/jt{gsf] k|efjsf k|s[ofx? ()

ldg]6

;dfof]hg÷ ;dflji7 !*) ldg]6

rf}yf] ;q s[lif / vfB ;'/Iffdf hnjfo'kl/jt{gsf] ;DjGw () ldg]6

efu # hn tyf phf{



/fli6«o tyf :yfgLo gLlt tyf Joj:yfM!@) ldg]6

bf]z|f] ;q kfgLsf] >f]t tyf phf{df hnjfo'kl/jt{gsf] c;/ () ldg]6

cg's'ng pkfosf nflu d"Nof+sg;fdu|L, tyf k|fyldlss/0f !@) ldg]6

t]z|f] ;q hnzf:q tyf g]kfndf hn>f]tsf] cj:yf

() ldg]6

cg's'ng of]hgfsf] ;dfof]hg÷;dflji7 ^) ldg]6

rf}yf] ;q kfgL tyf phf{sf] If]qdf hnjfo'kl/jt{gsf] c;/ () ldg]6

cg'udg / d"Nof+sg ^) ldg]6

efu $M jg tyf h}ljs ljljwtf



jg tyf h}ljs ljljwtf cg's'ng^) ldg]6

bf]z|f] ;q hnjfo' kl/jt{g, ^) ldg]6 hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;+j]bglzn jg tyfh}ljs ljljwtf If]qsf] klxrfg !*)

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16

ldg]6

t]z|f] ;q jg tyf h}ljs ljljwtfdf hnjfo'kl/jt{gsf] k|efjsf k|s[ofx? ^)

ldg]6

Go"lgs/0f ^) ldg]6

rf}yf] ;q jg tyf h}ljs ljljwtfdf hnjfo'kl/jt{gsf] ;DjGw () ldg]6

;DjlGwt sfo{ tyf of]hgfx?sf] d'nof]hgfdf ;dfof]hg tyf Plss/0f

() ldg]6

kfrf}+ ;q jg tyf h}ljs ljljwtfdf hnjfo'kl/jt{gsf] k|efjsf] k|To'Q/÷tof/L

^) ldg]6

efu %M hg :jf:Yo


klxnf] ;q kl/ro tyf ;fdfGo wf/0ff #)ldg]6

hf]lvd d"Nof+sg / cg's'ng ofhgf!*) ldg]6

bf]z|f] ;q /f]u, /f]usf ls6f0f' tyf /f]usf;+jfxsaf/] a'emfO{ #) ldg]6

t]z|f] ;q :jf:Yo If]qdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf]k|efj ^) ldg]6

hnjfo' kl/jt{g / hg :jf:Yosf;jfnx?sf] ;dfof]hg () ldg]6

rf}yf] ;q /f]usf] k|sf]ksf] kl/df0fdf cfPsf]km/s -;DjGw_ () ldg]6

k|of;÷sfo{x?nfO{ Plss[t / ;dfof]hgug]{ () ldg]6

kfrf}+ ;q hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sf/0fn]:jf:Yodf cfPsf] hf]lvd lj?4

tof/L #) ldg]6

5}7f} ;q cg's'ngsf pkfox? !@) ldg]6

efu ^M hnjfo'hGo vt/f / k|sf]k Go'lgs/0f

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17


klxnf] ;q kl/ro tyf ;fdfGo wf/0ff #) ldg]6 hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efjhGo ljklQ tyfk|sf]k 36fpgsf] nflu cg's'ngsf

k|of;÷sfo{x? () ldg]6

bf]z|f] ;q k|fs[lts k|sf]kdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf]k|efj

^) ldg]6

jftfj/0fLo tyf ljklQsf] d"Nof+sg !*)ldg]6

t]z|f] ;q ljklQ tyf k|sf]k 36fpg hnjfo'kl/jt{gsf] dxTj !*) ldg]6

rf}yf] ;q ljklQ tyf k|sf]k 36fpgsf nflutof/L () ldg]6

of]hgf tyf Plss/0f () ldg]6

efu & zx/L a;f]jf; tyf k"jf{wf/


klxnf] ;q kl/ro tyf ;fdfGo wf/0ff #) ldg]6 zx/L a;f]jf; tyf k"jf{wf/df hnjfo'kl/jt{gsf] k|efjhGo ljklQ tyf k|sf]k

36fpgsf] nflu cg's'ngsf k|of;÷sfo{x?() ldg]6

bf]z|f] ;q zx/L a;f]jf; tyf k"jf{wf/df hnjfo'kl/jt{gsf] k|efj

^) ldg]6

jftfj/0fLo tyf ljklQsf] d"Nof+sg !*)ldg]6

t]z|f] ;q zx/L a;f]jf; tyf k"jf{wf/ ljsf;dfhnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/ !*) ldg]6

rf}yf] ;q zx/L a;f]jf; tyf k"jf{wf/sf]cjwf/0ff tyf g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df

zx/L a;f]jf; () ldg]6

of]hgf tyf Plss/0f () ldg]6

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!@= tflnd ;fdu|Lsf] ;"rL

tflnd ;~rfngsf ;Gbe{df ;];g Nkfgdf tflnd ;fdu|LnfO{ cWoog ;fdu|L tyf tyf cGo;xof]uL ;fdu|Lsf] ?kdf @ efudf /flvPsf] 5 . cWoog ;fdu|L eg]/ ;xefuLx?nfO{ cWoogsf]nflu ljt/0f ul/g] ;fdu|L /flvPsf] 5 . ;xof]uL ;fdu|L eg]/ To; ;];g ;~rfngsf nflucfjZos ljz]if ;fdu|L, k|:t'lts/0fsf ;fdu|L tyf rf6{, u|fkm, lrq cflb /flvPsf] 5 .

tflnd xndf lgoldt?kdf pknAw x'g] d;nGb tyf pks/0fx? eg] k|To]s ;];g Nkfgdf/flvPsf] 5}g . o;sf] nflu tnsf] ;"lr x]g'{ xf]nf .

o;sf] cltl/Qm cfjZos d;nGbnfO{ klg b'O efudf afF8]/ /flvPsf] 5 . klxnf] ;xefuLnfO{ljt/0f ul/g] snd, gf]6a's, g]d6\ofu / kmfOn h:tf ;fdu|L / tflnd ;~rfngsf nflu rflxg]dfs{/, s}+rL, 6]k, Go"hlk|G6 h:tf tflnd d;nGbdf /flvPsf] 5 .

k|To]s lbgsf] k|To]s ;];gdf cfjZos ;fdu|L / To;sf] ljj/0f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . t}klg;xhstf{n] k"j{ tof/Lsf] ?kdf ;fdu|Lsf] clu|d k|aGw u/]sf] x'g' kb{5 .

s= tflnd ;~rfng ug{sf nlfu rflxg] pks/0f tyf ;fdu|Lx? Nofk6k sDKo"6/ ! dlN6ldl8of k|f]h]S6/ ! k|f]h]S6/ l:s|g ! ;fp08 l;i6d ! lk|G6/ ! XjfO6 af]8{ ! ;ˆ6 af]8{ @ lNkmk rf6{ af]8{ @

3= d;nGb -x]g'{xf]; cg';"lr g+= ========_ ;xefuL tflnd

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19

cg';"lr g+= ========

tflnd tyf ;xefuL d;nGbsf] ;"rL

@) hgf ;xefuLx?sf] nflu

qm=;+= ljj/0f ;+Vof qm=;+= ljj/0f ;+Vof

Tfflnd d;nGb

!= d]6fsf8{ ljleGg /Ësf @)) 6'qmf !$= kmf]6f]skL k]k/ !)) l;6

@= Go"h lk|G6 k]k/ !)) l;6 !@= Nkfl:6ssf] a§f ! j6f

#= Af|fpg k]k/ !) l;6 !#= U lNsk ! a§f

$= k]k/ dfs{/

-/ftf]–@, sfnf]–%, lgnf]–%_

!@ j6f !$= 7"nf] ;fOhsf]lNsk

^ j6f

%= Aff]8{ dfs{/

-/ftf]–@, sfnf]–#, lgnf]–#_

* j6f !%= ?n/ ! j6f

^= ;fOg k]g

-/ftf], sfnf], lgnf] / xl/of]–$÷$ j6f_

!^ j6f !^= :6]kn/ ! j6f

&= Dffl:sª 6]k -! OGrsf]_ @ /f]n !&= :6]kn/ kLg ! j6f

*= k'; kLg @ a§f !*= kGrLË d]l;g ! j6f

(= u'n' 6\ofu ! Kofs]6 !(= s}rL ! j6f

!)= Un' l:6s 7"nf] ! j6f @)= k]k/ s6/ ! j6f

;xefuLnfO{ ljt/0f ul/g] d;nGb

!= skL @% $= g]d 6\ofu @%

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dl:tis dGyg ljlwdfBONE k|lqmof cg';f/ ug]{

B- Brain storming – dl:tis dGyg u/fpg]

O – Organizing – egfO{nfO{ ;+ul7t ug]{

N – Nameing – egfOsf] gfdfs/0f ug]{

E – Explain – JofVof ug]{, lg0f{o lbg]

@= snd @% %= cWoog ;fdu|L ;]6 @@

#= kmfOn jf Clear Bag @% ^=

!!= ljlwx?sf] kl/ro / k|lqmof

tflnd tyf s'g} Ps lglZrt kf7 jf ljifoj:t'sf] 5nkmn kl5 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] elg kf7of]hgfdf lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] p2]Zo k|fKt ug{sf nflu tflnd ;xhst{n] ckgfpg] tflndsf]tf}/tl/sf, z}nL tyf k|:t'tLs/0f 9fFrf g} tflnd ljlw xf] . d'Votof tflnd ljlwnfO{ # k|lqmofdfjlu{s/0f ug{ ;lsG5 M–

!= eGg] k|lqmof

@= b]vfpg] k|lqmof

#= u/fpg] k|lqmof

tflnddf l;Sg] tyf l;sfpg] s'/fnfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kn] cl3 a9fpb} p2]Zo k|fKt ug{sf] nflu;xefuLx¿sf] :t/, ;do, ;fdflhs kl/j]z, efiff, ;+:s[lt cflbnfO{ Vofn /fVb} ljleGg tl/sfckgfpg ;lsG5 . o; tflnddf k|of]u ul/Psf tflndsf ljlwx¿sf] kl/ro / k|lqmof oxfFk|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

s= dl:tis dGyg

dl:tis dGyg ljlw eg]sf] ;xefuLn] cfˆgf] ljrf/ dGyg u/L ljifoj:t'nfO{ lg0f{odf k'¥ofpg]k|lqmof g} dl:tis dGyg ljlw -Brain stroming_ xf] .

k|lqmof

5nkmnsf] ljifo÷p2]Zo cg';f/sf]k|Zg k|:6 ?kdf /fVg] . k|Zg /fVbf;s];Dd df}lvs ?kdf g/fVg] k|Zg;+u ;DalGwt s'g} lrq, kmf]6f, 5f]6f]

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8s'd]lG6« jf k|Zg d]6fsf8{df n]v]/ /fVg] ;f]Rgsf nflu ;do lbg] . ;xefuLsf egfO{ h:tfsf] t:t} l6kf]6 ug]{ . ;a}sf] egfO{x? l6Kg], s;}sf] klg g5'6fpg] . egfO{x?nfO{ ;Gbe{ ljifoj:t' cg';f/ ;+ul7t ug]{ k|To]s egfO{df 5nkmn ug]{ . ;+ul7t egfO{nfO{ lgisif{df k'¥ofpg] . lg0f{o lbg] gldNg] egfO{nfO{ 5'§} 5nkmn rnfpg] .

;NnfxM

;xefuLn] lbPsf k|ltlqmofdf s'g} k|sf/sf] k|ltsf/ jf cg'jfb ug{ lt/ gnfUg] . egfO{l7s jf a]l7s s]lx klg geGg] .

@) – @% hgf ;xefuLx'g] tflnddf of] ljlw ckgfpFbf al9df @) ldg]6 ;do lng]

v= ah\ u|'k (Buzz Group Discussion)

ah\ u|'k 5nkmn ljlwsf] k|of]u l5§} 5nkmn u/L tTsfn} ljifoj:t'sf] lgisif{df k'¥ofpg] ljlw xf]. of] ljlwsf] k|of]u ubf{ df}/L u'gugfPsf] h:t} u/]/ ug]{ ePsf] x'gfn] o;nfO{ ah\ elgPsf] xf] .o; ljlwsf] k|of]u 5f]6f] ;dodf ;xefuLx?n] ubf{ cfˆgf] ljrf/ /fVg ;S5g\ . ;xefuLx? a;]s}:yfgaf6 z'? ul/G5 / ;fgf] ;d"x 5nkmn u/] h:t} u/L 6'Ëf]df k'luG5 .

ljlw k|of]u k|lqmof

;xhstf{n] 5nkmnsf] ljifo÷p2]Zo lgwf{/0f ug]{ . 5nkmnsf] ljifo lbg], 5nkmn ug{ nufpg] . ;a} ;xefuLnfO{ cfˆgf] ljrf/ ;f]Rg nufpg] . glhs} a;]s #÷$ hgf ;xefuLnfO{ cfdg] ;fdg] d'vfs[lt u/]/ jf uf]nfsf/df

a:gsfnflu cg'/f]w ug]{ . cyjf sfof{no jf sfo{ k|s[ltsf] cfwf/df klg ;d"x afgfpg;lsG5 .

Pshgf ;xhstf{ 5gf}6 ug{ nufpg] . ;a}hgfn] kfn} kfnf] cf–cfˆgf] ljrf/ /fVg] / Pp6f ljrf/ agfpg] . d'Vo k|fyldstfdf k/]sf] s'/f d]6fsf8{ lbO{ l6kf]6 ug{ nufpg] .

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5nkmn ;lsPkl5 qmlds ?kdf ;xefuL ;d"xnfO{ g} cfˆgf] egfO{ k|:t't u/fpg],5nkmn ug]{, sf8{ ;ˆ6 af]8{df 6fF:g] .

;'emfjM k|Zgsf] ;Gbe{ x]/L a9Ldf % ldg]6sf] ;do lbg] . ljrf/ /fVbf u'gugfP/ /fVg' kg]{ s'/f atfpg] ;xefuLx?n] 5nkmnsf] lgrf]8 k|:t't ubf{ Ps ;d"xn] Ps k6sdf Pp6f egfO{ dfq

/fVg kfpg] hfgsf/L lbPsf] x'g' kb{5 . qmlds ?kdf ;d"xsf pQ/ lng], cfjZos k/] pQ/x? bf]xf]¥ofpg] / 5nkmn ug]{ .

;xefuLsf pQ/ kZrft ;xhstf{n] ljifoj:t'sf] ;Gbe{ / tfTko{tf ldnfO{ lgisif{lgsfNg] .

u= :gf]alnË (Snow Balling)

:gf] alnË 5nkmn ljlwsf] k|of]u l5§} 5nkmn u/L tTsfn} ljifoj:t'sf] lgisif{df k'¥ofpg] ljlwxf] . of] ljlwsf] k|of]u ubf{ Pshgfsf] lbdfudf cfPsf] ;fgf] ljrf/ nfO{ qmlds ?kdf lgis{ifdfk'¥ofpg] k|lqmof xf] . o; ljlwsf] k|of]u ubf{ klxn] Pshgfn] ;DalGwt ljifodf cfˆgf] ljrf/lgsNg] / qmlds ?kdf Tof] ljrf/ ! hgf af6 @ hgf @ hgfaf6 $ hgfdf 5nkmn ub]{ ;d"xsf]ljrf/ agfpg] k|lqmof xf] . ;xefuLx? a;]s} :yfgaf6 z'? ul/G5 / lj:tf/} ;fgf] ;d"x 5nkmnu/] h:t} u/L 6'Ëf]df k'luG5 .

ljlw k|of]u k|lqmof

;xhstf{n] 5nkmnsf] ljifo÷p2]Zo lgwf{/0f ug]{ . 5nkmnsf] ljifo lbg], 5nkmn ug{ nufpg] . ;a} ;xefuLnfO{ cfˆgf] ljrf/ ;f]Rg nufpg] . glhs} a;]s @÷@ hgf ;xefuLnfO{ cfdg] ;fdg] d'vfs[lt u/]/ a:gsfnflu cg'/f]w ug]{

. b'a} hgfn] cf–cfˆgf] ljrf/ /fVg] / Pp6f ljrf/ agfpg] . k|To]s hf]l8nfO{ csf]{ hf]l8 ;+u cf–cfˆgf] ljrf/ /fVg] / Pp6f ljrf/ agfpg] . d'Vo k|fyldstfdf k/]sf] s'/f d]6fsf8{ lbO{ l6kf]6 ug{ nufpg] . 5nkmn ;lsPkl5 qmlds ?kdf ;xefuL ;d"xnfO{ g} cfˆgf] egfO{ k|:t't u/fpg],

5nkmn ug]{, sf8{ ;ˆ6 af]8{df 6fF:g] .

;'emfjM

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k|Zgsf] ;Gbe{ x]/L a9Ldf % ldg]6sf] ;do lbg] . ;xefuLx?n] 5nkmnsf] lgrf]8 k|:t't ubf{ Ps ;d"xn] Ps k6sdf Pp6f egfO{ dfq

/fVg kfpg] hfgsf/L lbPsf] x'g' kb{5 . qmlds ?kdf ;d"xsf pQ/ lng], cfjZos k/] pQ/x? bf]xf]¥ofpg] / 5nkmn ug]{ .

;xefuLsf pQ/ kZrft ;xhstf{n] ljifoj:t'sf] ;Gbe{ / tfTko{tf ldnfO{ lgisif{lgsfNg] .

3= ;fgf] ;d"x 5nkmn

;xefuLtfd"ns k|lqmofaf6 tflnd ;~rfng ug{sf nflu ;d"x 5nkmn ljlwnfO{ dxTjk"0f{ljlwsf] ?kdf lnOG5 . o;df ;xefuL ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df $÷% hgf b]lv &÷* hgf ;Ddsf];fgf] ;d"xdf a;]/ 5nkmn ug{ nufOG5 .

;~rfng k|lqmof M

!= ;xefuL ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df ;fgf] ;d"x agfpg], ;d"x agfpgsf nflu tflnd ;xhstf{n]ljleGg tl/sfsf] k|of]u ug{ ;Sb5g . tof/L ljleGg k|sf/af6 ug{ ;lsG5 . h:t}MljleGg k|sf/sf :yfgLo ;|f]tsf] gfdfs/0f cg';f/

s_ 9'+uf, af6f], afn'jf, kfgL

v_ :yfgsf] gfd cg';f/ – n'lDalg, ltnf}/fsf]6, s'bfg, e}/xjf

u_ tflndsf] ljifoj:t' cg';f/ – jftfj/0f, hnjfo", kl/jt{g, cg's'ng

3_ ;d"x u7g ug'{kg]{ ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df km/s km/s lsl;dsf rsn]6 ljt/0fu/]/

@= ;d"x 5nkmnsf nflu k|Zg, If]q jf ljifoj:t' k|:6 ;+u tf]s]/ lbg] .

#= ;se/ ;d"x 5nkmnsf ;xefuL ;+Vof a/fa/ agfpg] .

$= ;d"x 5nkmnsf] ljifo cg';f/ ;do tf]Sg]

%= 5nkmnsf nflu :yfg lgwf{/0f ug]{

^= tflnd ;xhstf{n] ;d"x 5nkmn k|lqmof atfpg] h:t} M

s_ ;d"xdf g]t[Tj rog ug'{ kg]{ -;+of]hs k|ltj]bg_

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v_ ;d"xdf ;a}sf] egfO{ ;d]l6g' kg]{

u_ ;d"xsf] lgrf]8 7"nf] sfuhdf tof/ ug'{kg]{

3_ k|ltj]bsn] k|:t't ug]{, 5nkmn rnfpg] .

&= v'Nnf ;d"xdf 5nkmn rnfpg] .

*= tflnd ;xhstf{n] 5nkmnsf] ;Gbe{ / ljifoj:t'nfO{ cfwf/dfgL cfˆgf] lgisif{ lbg] .

;'emfj

;xefuLx?n] ul//x]sf] 5nkmnsf] lgoldt cg'udg u/L cfjZostf cg';f/ ;xhLs/0fug]{ .

lbgdf w]/} j6f ;fgf] ;d"x 5nkmn u/fpFbf ;xefuLx?df pT;fxdf sld cfpg ;Sg]s'/fdf ;r]t x'g]

lbpF;f]sf] ;dodf of] ljlw ckgfpFbf ;xefuLx?n] ?rfpFb5g\ . plx ;xefuLx? Pp6} ;d"xdf w]/} k6s k/]eg] cgfjZos s'/fdf ;do ljtfpg ;Sg]

s'/fdf ;xhstf{n] Wofg lbg] .

ª= k|jrg÷JofVofg ljlw (Lecture Method)

ljifout ljz]if1n] lglZrt ljifodf ;xefuLx? ;dIf df}lvs k|:t'lts/0f ul/g] AofVofTdsk|lqmofnfO{ k|jrg jf JofVofg ljlw elgG5 . of] ljlwaf6 tflnd ;~rfng ubf{ Ps} k6s w]/}nfO{k|lzIf0f ug{ / sd ;dodf w]/} s'/f k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf] cltl/Qm sd ;fwg / vr{af6w]/} hfgsf/L ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg] x'G5 / ljifoj:t' / k|:t'lts/0fdf tflnd ;xhstf{sf] lgoGq0fx'G5 .

t/, ;xefuL s]lGb|t k|lqmofdf of] JofVofg ljlw dfq k|of]u ug{sf nflu pko'Qm x'b}g . of]ljlwdf PstkmL{ dfq ;~rf/ x'g] / ;xefuLx?sf] Go"g / lgl:qmo ;xeflutf x'G5 . To;}n] ubf{cGo ljlw;+u ldnfP/ ug'{ kb{5 .

k|lqmofM

tflnd ;xhstf{n] k|:t't ug]{ ljifoj:t'sf] lzif{s n]v]/ b]vfpg] . To; ljifodf d'Vo d'Vo ?kdf s] s] pklzif{s k|:t't ug]{ xf] eGg] . cfk"mn] JofVofg ug]{ s'/fx? qmdzM atfpFb} hfg] .

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JofVofgsf] cGTodf ;xefuLx?sf] s]lx lh1f;f jf k|Zg s]xL 5 eg] eGgsf nflu df}sflbg] / eP b]lv ;dfwfg u/]/ k|:t'ltsf] cGTo ug]{ .

;'emfjM

of] ljlw tflnd ;xhstf{ s]lGb|t ePsf] x'gfn] w]/} ?rfOGg, To;}n] Psf]xf]/f] JofVofg sdug{sf nflu aLr aLrdf ljleGg k|sf/sf >Job[io ;fdu|Lx?sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .o h:t}M d'Vo d'Vo a'Fbf cfsif{s 9+udf d]6fsf8{df n]v]/ b]vfpg], PPT sf] k|of]u

ug]{, To;df klg ljleGg kmf]6f], kf]i6/ tyf ;DaGwLt u|fkm rf6{ cflb b]vfpg] /aLr aLrdf ;xefuLx?nfO{ ljrf/ /fVgsf nflu df}sf lbb} JofVofg ug]{ .

s'g} klg cj:yfdf !)–!% ldg]6 eGbfsf] Psf]xf]/f] JofVofg gug]{ .

r= lrq tyf kf]i6/ 5nkmnM

ljifoj:t' ;Fu ;DalGwt lrq k|:t't÷kmf]6f] k|:t't u/L 5nkmnaf6 ljifoj:t'af] k|:6\ofpg] ljlw g}lrq 5nkmn ljlw xf] . o;af6 ;xefuLsf] l;sfO{ :yfoL x'G5 .

k|lqmof M

5nkmnsf] ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt lrq ;j}n] b]lvg] u/L 6fF:g] jf b]vfpg] . l;sfO{ af/] 5nkmn rnfpg] . ;xefuLx?sf egfO{ l6kf]6 ug]{ . tflnd ;xhstf{n] ;xefuLx?sf egfO{nfO{ cfwf/ dfGb} lrqåf/f ljifoj:t'sf] dd{ k|:6 kfg]{ lrq ;a}n] b]Vg] u/L ;'/lIft /fvL /fVg] .

5= 36gf cWoog (Case Study)

s'g} klg 36gf of sfo{qmdsf] P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld b]lv 36gfqmd, ;sf/fTds, gsf/fTdspknJwL cflb ljleGg hfgsf/L ;dfj]; u/L tof/ ul/Psf] ;fdu|LnfO{ æ36gf cWoogÆ (Case

Study) elgG5 . 36gf cWoogn] gofF sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug{, of]hgf th"{df ug{, r'gf}ltx?cf+sng u/L ;t{s x'g 7"nf] ;xof]u ub{5 . o;af6 gofF gofF JolQm jf ;d"xx¿nfO{cfTdljZjf;df j[l4 u/fpg dfq xf]Og sfo{sf] yfngL b]lv nIo k|flKt ;Dd cfO{kg]{ ljleGg/fd|f, g/fd|f kIfsf] hfgsf/L ;d]t u/fpg ;lsG5 . ljsf; sfo{df ckgfO{Psf sfo{gLlt ;kmneP gePsf] hfFRg] s;L g} 36gf cWoog (Case Study) xf] .

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o:tf Case Study tof/ u/L tflnddf Pp6f ljlwsf] ?kdf k|of]u ug{ klg ;lsG5 . 36gfcWoog lnlvt jf >Job[iosf] -8s'd]G6«L jf l;g]df_ sf] ?kdf tof/ ePsf]x'G5 . tflnd :yndf pknAw ;xefuL, ;fwg, ;|f]t tyf ah]6sf] 36gfx]/]/ s'g} klg lsl;dsf]36gfcWoog ljlw k|of]u ug{ ;lsg]5 .

ljlw k|of]u ug]{ k|lqmof M

;xefuLnfO{ ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df ;fgf] ;d"xdf ljefhg ug]{ -x]g'{xf]; ;fgf] ;d"x 5nkmn ljlw_ . ;a} ;d"xdf 36gf cWoogsf] k|lt ljt/0f ug]{ . ;a} ;xefuLnfO{ 36gf cWoog k9\g cg'/f]w ug]{ . ;a} ;xefuLn] 36gf cWoog /fd|f];+u

ulx/]/ cWoog u/] -k9]_ eGg] s'/f olsg ug]{ . To;sf] nflu ;xhstf{n] ;xefuLx? aLruP/ a]nfa]nfdf cg'udg ug]{ .

;fgf] ;d"xdf uP/ ;a} ;xefuLn] k9\b}gg\ ls eGg] z+sf nfu]df ;fgf] ;d"x ljefhg ug'{eGbf klxn] g} ;a} ;xefuLnfO{ 36gf cWoogsf] k|lt ljt/0f u/]/ kl9 ;s]kl5 dfq ;fgf];d"xdf ljefhg ug]{ .

;fgf] ;d"xdf ;a}hgfn] 36gf cWoog kl9 ;s]kl5 5nkmnsf] nflu k|Zg ljt/0f ug]{ . -36gf cWoogdf g} k|Zg n]v]/ lb+bf slxn] sfFlx /fd|f] ;+u cWoog gu/L To; k|Zgsf] dfqpQ/ vf]Hg ;Sg] vt/f x'g;S5 ._

;a} ;d"xnfO{ x/]s k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbP/ Go"h lk|G6 k]k/df n]lv 7"nf] ;d"xdf k|:t't ug{nufpg] .

Pp6} 36gf cWoogdf 5nkmn u/LPsf] 5 eg], ;a} ;d"xn] k|:t't u/L ;s]kl5 dfq 5nkmnug]{ eGg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lb+b}, s]lx k|Zg 5 eg] l6k]/ /fVgsf] nflu ;xefuLx?nfO{ cg'/f]wug]{ . ;a} ;d"xn] k|:t't u/L ;s]kl5 To;sf 7"nf] ;d"xdf 5nkmn ug]{ / lgrf]8df k'Ug] .

olb ;fgf] ;d"xdf leGbf leGb} 36gf cWoog ug{ lbOPsf] eP k|To]s 36gf cWoogsf] k|:t'ltkl5 7"nf] ;d"xdf 5nkmn ug'{kb{5 .

h'g s'/fdf 1fg, l;k jf wf/0ff kl/jt{g Nofpg vf]lhPsf] xf] To;df hf]8 lb+b} 5nkmnsf]cGTo ug]{ .

8s'd]lG6« jf l;g]df k|bz{g

tflnd :yndf pknAw ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] cfwf/df ;xefuLx?nfO{ 8s'd]lG6« jf nfdf] l;g]dfb]vfP/ klg 36gfcWoog ljlw k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . lnlvt 36gf cWoog ug'{ eGbf of] t/Lsfal9 k|efjsf/L x'G5 . t/ of] ;+w} Jojxfl/s tyf ;+ej gx'g ;S5 eGg] s'/fdf ;xhstf{ tof/x'g' kb{5 . To;sf] nflu lgDg k|lqmof k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 M

;a} ;xefuLnfO{ b]vfOg nfu]sf] 8s'd]lG6« jf nfdf jf 5f]6f l;g]dfsf af/]df k"j{ hfgsf/Llbg] .

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of] ;fdu|L s'g kl/j]zdf tof/ ul/Psf] xf] eGg] hfgsf/L lbg] / 8s'd]lG6« jf nfdf] l;g]dfx]/L ;s]kl5 o;df 5nkmn u/Lg] ;f] af/]df klg z'?d} hfgsf/L lbg] .

5f]6f] 8s'd]lG6« k|b{zg ug]{ xf] eg] 8s'd]lG6« x]/L ;s]kl5 dfq To;df ul/g] 5nkmnsf] k|Zgljt/0f ug]{ .

nfdf] l;g]dfsf] k|b{zg ug]{ xf] eg] 5nkmn k|Zg klxn] g} ljt/0f ubf{ /fd|f] x'G5 . cGo s'/f rfFlx lnlvt 36gf cWoog u/fpg] k|lqmofg} k|of]u ug'{ kb{5 .

Wofglbg' kg]{ s'/fx? M

;a} ;d"xnfO{ Pp6} cyjf leGbf leGb} 36gf cWoogdf 5nkmn u/fpg ;lsG5 . ;a} ;xefuLnfO{ ljt/0f ug{ k'Ug] u/L 36gf cWoogsf] k|lt tof/ kfg' kb{5{ . 5f]6f]÷8s'd]lG6« jf nfdf] l;g]df k|:t't ug]{ xf] eg] b]vfpg] To;sf] Sof;]6 jf l;l8sf] k|lt

tof/ /fVg], To;sf] nflu rflxg] lel8cf] jf l;l8 k|b{zg ug{ rflxg] pks/0fx? sf] Joj:yfklxn] g} ug'{ kb{5 .

8s'd]lG6« jf nfdf] l;g]dfsf] Sof;]6 jf l;l8sf] k|lt tyf pks/0f tyf cGo cfjZos;fdu|Lx? l7s;+u rN5 rNb}g eGg] s'/fdf ;xhstf{ olsg x'g' kb{5 .

olb ;xhstf{nfO{ To:tf pks/0f rnfpg cfpFb}g eg] To;sf] nflu rflxg] k|fljlwssf] klgaGbf]a:t klxn] g} ug'{ kb{5 .

36gf cWoogdf 5nkmn u/Lg] k|Zg tof/ kfg'{ kb{5 . 36gf cWoogsf] nflu, k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg / k|:t't ug]{ ;do to ug' kb{5{ . s'g s'/fdf 1fg, l;k jf wf/0ff kl/jt{g Nofpg vf]lhPsf] xf] ;xhstf{ k|:6 x'g' k5{ . 36gf cWoogsf] k|lt klxnf] lbg lbP/ cWoog ug]{ / ef]nLkN6 ;d"xdf ljefhg u/]/

5nkmn u/fpg klg ;lsG5 . 36gfsf] cWoog ug]{ / To;sf] cfwf/df 5nkmnsf k|Zg lbP/ JolQmut ?kdf lnlvt pQ/

dfu]/ ;xhstf{n] cWoog u/L ;'´fj lbg] u/]/ klg cWoog u/fpg ;lsG5 . -;xefuLx?nfO{5'§f5'§} 36gf cWoogdf 5nkmn u/fO{ 7"nf] ;d"xdf k|:t't u/fpFbf of] k|lqmof a9L pkof]lu x'G5 ._

5f]6f] 36gf cWoog 5 eg] ;xhstf{n] d'vn] eg]/ k|Zg u/L ;xefuLnfO{ lglZrt k|ZglbP/÷;f]w]/ 5nkmn u/fpg ;lsG5 .

h= v]n ljlw

;xefuLtfd"ns k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf v]n ljlwn] dxTjk"0f{ :yfg /fv]sf] x'G5 . of] ljlw;xefuLsf cfˆgf k|rlnt d"No dfGotf, k/Dk/f / cg'ejsf cfwf/df ;[hgzLn ?kdf ub}{cfPsf] kfOG5 . o; ljlwn] ljifoj:t'nfO{ ;lhn} k|:6 kfg{ ;xof]u ub{5 . v]n ljlwaf6 l;s]sfl;sfO{x? lr/:yfoL x'G5g\ .

k|lqmof M

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v]n ljlw ;~rfng lgDg k|lqmofsf cfwf/df ug{ ;lsG5 .

v]n ljlw s:tf] ljifosf] 5nkmndf d2t k'¥ofpg k|of]u ug{ nfu]sf] xf] olsg ul/g' kb{5 . v]nsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ ;xefuL / ;xefuL ;+Vof 5gf}6 ug]{ . zfl/l/s zlQm k|of]u ug'{kg]{ v]n

eP zfl/l/s czQm JolQmnfO{ /fVg' x'b}g . n}lËs ;Dj]bglzntfsf kIfdf klg Wofg lbg' kb{5 . v]nnfO{ @) ldg]6 eGbf a9L ;do lbg' pko'Qm x'b}g v]nsf gLlt lgod klxn] g} k|:6 kfg'{ kb{5 . v]nsf] nflu cfjZos ;fdu|L klxn] g} tof/ u/L /fVg' kb{5 . v]n ;lsP kl5 v]naf6 l;sfO ePsf s'/fx? l6kf]6 ug]{ 5nkmn ug]{ . ;xhstf{n] ljifoj:t'nfO{ cfwf/ dfgL 5nkmnsf] lgisif{ lgsfNg] . v]nsf] nflu ;a}nfO{ wGojfb lbg] .

k|Zgf]Q/ ljlw -k|lqmof_

s'g} ljifoj:t' af/] ;xefuLx?sf] hfgsf/Lsf] If]q klxrfgsf] nflu k|Zg ug]{, pQ/ lng] / ;f]cg';f/ tflnd ;xhstf{nn] ljifoj:t' k|:6 kfg]{ k|lqmof g} k|Zgf]Q/ ljlw xf] . o; k|lqmofn];xefuLsf] Wofg ljifoj:t'k|lt cfslif{t ub{5 . ;];gdf k|Zgf]Q/ k|lqmofut ?kdf lg/Gt/ eO{/xG5 . ;xhstf{n] k|Zgf]Q/ ;Lkdf ljz]if Wofg k'¥ofpg' kb{5 .

3= ;f]l;of]u|fd

ª= Expert Questions

of] ljlwdf ;DalGwt ljifosf] lj1;+u k|ToIf ?kdf k|Zg pQ/ u/]/ ;f] ljifosf] 1fg a9fpg]ul/G5 . o;sf nflu ;DaGwLt ljifo lj1;+u ;];gsf] p2]Zo, / 5nkmn ul/g] ljifosf] ;DjGwdfklxn] g} 5nkmn ug]{ . o;sf] cltl/Qm ljifo lj1nfO{ ;xefuLsf] k[i7e"dL, ck]Iff cflb h:tfs'/fsf] hfgsf/L lbg' kb{5 .

k|lqmof

:yfgLo ljifo lj1sf] kl/ro lbg] . o;} qmddf of] ljlwsf] klg kl/ro lbg] . ;xefuLnfO{ d]6fsf8{ ljt/0f ug]{ .

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cGt//fli6«o, /fli6«o, :yfgLo :t/df hnjfo" kl/jt{g / ;DalGwt ljifodf u/]sf k|of;x? -cGt//fli6«o, /fli6«o, lhNnf:t/df /x]sf gLlt, cEof;, ;+oGq / GAPs_ ;DjlGw k|Zgd]6fsf8{df n]Vg nufpg] .

;a} ;xeflusf k|Zg n]lvPsf] sf8{x?nfO{ Soft board df 6fF:g'xf]; . ;xefuL ;+u 5nkmn ub}{ k|Zg n]lvPsf sf8{x?nfO{ Cluster ug'{xf];\ . hg :jf:Yo lj1nfO{ Cluster df cfwfl/t eO{ k|Zgsf pQ/x? eGg cfu|x ug'{xf];\ . lj1sf] pQ/nfO{ d]6fsf8{df d'Vo zJbsf] ?kdf l6Kg'xf];\ / ;];gsf] cGTo ;+lIfKt ?kdf

;+If]lks/0f ug'{xf]; . cGTodf ;a} ;xeflux?sf tkm{af6 Expert nfO{ ;–wGojfb k|bfg ug'{ xf]; .

;'emfjM of] ljlwdf ljifo lj1;+u k"/} e/ kg]{ ePsf] x'gfn] tof/Ldf ljifo lj1 ;+u lj:t[t

?kdf 5nkmn ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . 5nkmnsf] qmddf tflnd ;xhstf{n] xf]l;of/Lk"j{s ;xhLs/0f ug'{ kb{5 . ljifo lj1 ;+u ul/g] k|Zgn] slxn] sfFlx c;lhnf] cj:yf cfpg ;Sg] s'/f nfO{

tflnd ;xhstf{n] Wofg lbg] .

r= Action Learning

*= k[i7kf]if0f / ;ldIff

(= k|Zg ug]{ tl/sf

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b}lgs tflnd d"NofÍgdf k|fof]u ug{ ;lsg] ljlw tyf tl/sfx?

/ftf] sf8{ xl/of] sf8{ ljlw

;xefuL ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df d]6fsf8{sf ;fgf] ;fgf] 6'qmf -Pp6f /ftf] / Pp6f xl/of] 6'qmf_ sf8{;a} ;xefuLx?nfO{ ljt/0f ug]{ .

h;sf] cfhssf] lbgel/sf] lqmofsnfksf] cfwf/df lgDg s'/f n]Vg nufpg] M

xl/of] sf8{df /fd|f / dg k/]sf s'/fx? tyf kIfx? /ftf] sf8{df ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ / dg gk/]sf s'/f tyf kIfx?

;a} sf8{ ;+sng ug]{ / klxn] xl/of] sf8{ s'/f clg /ftf] sf8{sf s'/fx? k9]/ ;'gfpg] / s'g} s'/ftTsfn g} ;Daf]wg ug'{ kb{5 eg] ug]{ .

;a} /ftf] tyf xl/of] sf8{x? k|ltj]bgsf] nflu /fVg] .

d'8 rf6{ ljlw

;f]l;of]u|fd ljlw

tof/LM

tflnd ;xhstf{n] lgDg tof/L ug]{M

;xefuLx?nfO{ tflnd xn jf aflx/ v'Nnf 7fpFdf n}hfg] / pleP/ Ps k6s cfh lbgsf]d"NofÍg u/Lg] hfgsf/L u/fpg] .

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;a}n] b]Vg] u/]/ ljleGg 7fpFdf ! b]lv & ;Dd sf] c+s n]v]sf] sf8{ 6fF:g] .

lgDg s'/f n]lvPsf] d]6fsf8{ tof/L ug]{M

!= tflnddf ;dfj]z ePsf ljifoa:t'x?

@= tflndsf ljifoa:t'sf] t+kfO{sf] sfo{ ljj/0f cg';f/ Jojxfl/stfM

#= k|lzIfssf] k|lzIf0f ljlw z}ln

$= k|lzIfssf] Jojxf/

%= tflnddf k|of]u ePsf tflnd ;fdu|L tyf cWoog ;fdu|L

^= ;xelux?sf] 5nkmndf ;xeflutf

*= tflndsf] cfjf;, ef]hg tyf cGo Joj:yfkg

kmf/dsf] k|of]u

clGtd d"Nof+sg

!= tflnddf ;dfj]z ePsf ljifoa:t'x?M

s= clt k|efjsf/L lyP v= k|efjsf/L lyP u= l7s} lyP 3= k|efjsf/L lyPgg\

@= tflndsf ljifoa:t'sf] t+kfO{sf] sfo{ ljj/0f cg';f/ Jojxfl/stfM

s= clt Jojxf/Ls lyP v= Jojxf/Ls lyP u= l7s} Jojxf/Ls lyP 3= Jojxf/Ls lyPgg\

#= k|lzIfssf] k|lzIf0f ljlw z}lnM


$= k|lzIfssf] Jojxf/

s= clt /fd|f] lyof] v= /fd|f] lyof] u= l7s} lyof] 3= /fd|f] lyPg

%= tflnddf k|of]u ePsf tflnd ;fdu|L tyf cWoog ;fdu|L

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^= ;xelux?sf] 5nkmndf ;xeflutf


&= tlndsf] cjlw

s= clt nfdf] lyof] v= nfdf]] lyof] u= l7s lyof] 3= 5f]6f] lyof]

*= tflndsf] cfjf;, ef]hg tyf cGo Joj:yfkg


(= o; tflndsf] s'g} % j6f /fd|f kIfx? n]Vg' xf];

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!)= eljio o:t} tflnd ;+rfng ug{sf nflu ;'wf/ ug'{ kg]{ s'g} ;'efj 5 eg] n]Vg' xf];

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b}lgs d"Nof+sg

!= cfh lgwf{/0f ul/Psf ljifox? M

s= k|:6 ePg v= s]lx dfqfdf k|:6 eof] u= k|:6 eof] 3= /fd|f] ;+u k|:6 eof]

@= cfhsf ljifoj:t' M

s= pko'Qm 5}gg v= s]lx dfqfdf pko'Qm 5g\ u= pko'Qm 5g\ 3= Hofb} pko'Qm 5g\

#= ;xeflux?sf] ;+nUgtf M

s= Hofb} yf]/} eof] v= s]lx dfqfdf yf]/} eof]] u= l7s eof] 3= Hofb} w]/} eof]

$= tflnddf k|of]u ul/Psf tfl/sfx? M

s= pko'Qm 5}gg v= s]lx dfqfdf pko'Qm 5g\ u= pko'Qm 5g\ 3= Hofb} pko'Qm 5g\

%= tflnddf k|of]u ul/Psf k|lIfIf0f ;fdu|Lx? M

s= ckØfKt eof] v= s]lx dfqfdf kØfKt eof] u= l7s} eof] 3= kØfKt eof]

^= k|lIfss4f/f k|of]u ul/Psf tfl/sf tyf k|:t'lt M

s= a'em\g ;lsPg v= sfd rnfp 5g\ u= ;/n 5g\ 3= Hofb} /fd|f 5g\

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&= tflnddf ljt/0f ul/Psf cWoog ;fdu|Lx? M

s= pkof]uL 5}gg\ v= sfd rnfp u= pkof]uL 3= Hofb} :tl/o

*= tflnddf 5nkmnsf nflu lbOPsf] ;do M

s= Hofb} yf]/} lyof] v= l7s} lyof] u= kØfKt lyof] 3= Hofb} al9 lyof]

(= tflnd ;~rfng ug{ to ul/Psf cg'zf;gsf] kfngf -tf]lsPsf] ;do tyf lgodx?_ M

s= ePg v= s]lx eof] u= l7s} eof] 3= k"/f k"/ eof]

!)= tkfFO{nfO{ cfh ;a} eGbf al9 s'g s'g s'/f dg kØf] <

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!!= tkfFO{ nfO{ ;a} eGbf dg gk/]sf] s'g} s'/f 5 eg] n]Vg' xf]; M

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g]kfn mhnjfo' kl/jt{g / jftfj/0f aoj:yfkgsf nful ifdtf clej[wbl— lhnnf … · 2014-09-29 ·...

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