gita's sthita prajna darshan(in malayalam).pdf
DESCRIPTION
This is Malayalam translation of the book Gita's Sthita Prajna Darshan(A crash course for Moksha)written in English by H.H. Swami Shantananda Puri of Vasishtha Guha, Himalayas, India. We are thankful to Sri M.R.Venkiteswaran for contributing this book.TRANSCRIPT
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KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
(ap‡nbnte°p≈ t\¿hgn)
kzman im¥m-\-μ-]pcn
hnh¿ØI≥: Fkv.hn. DÆnIrjvW≥
kzman im¥m-\-μ-]pcn kZvKpcp `‡-k-anXn
Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw
GITAYILE STHITA PRAJNA DARSANAM
Swami Shantananda Puri
Publisher : Swami Santananda PuriSadguru Bhaktasamiti,Thiruvananthapuram
First Edition : July 2008
DTP Composing & Printing : Akshara OffsetVanchiyoorThiruvananthapuram - 695 035Phone: 0471 - 2471174
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
kzman im¥m\-μ-]pcn
{]kn-≤o-I-cWw : kzman im¥m-\-μ-]pcn
kZvKpcp ̀ ‡-k-an-Xn
Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw
BZy-]-Xn∏v : 2008 Pqembv
Un.-‰n.-]n. Itºm-knßpw
A®-Snbpw : A£c Hm v̂sk‰v
h©n-bq¿
Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw ̨ 695 035
t^m¨: 0471 ˛ 2471174
Hmw
ka¿∏Ww
Cu {KŸw AXym-Z-c-]q¿Δw Fs‚ BZ-c-
Wo-b-\mb Kpcp {io ]pcp-tjm-Ø-am-\μ
kzman-I-fpsS (hkn-jvT-Kpl, lnam-ebw)
NcW]Zva-ß-fn¬ ka¿∏n-°p∂p. Ahn-
SpsØ A\-¥-amb Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-an-√msX
Fs‚ Nn¥-Iƒ°v cq]w sImSpØv Ahsb
Cu {KŸ-Øns‚ cq]-Øn-em°n temI
-am-k-I-e-ap≈ A[ym-fl-km-[-I¿°p apºn¬
ka¿∏n-°m≥ km[n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n√.
˛ kzman im¥m\μ]pcn
AhXmcnI
A[ym-fl-im-kv{X-Øns‚ F√m hi-ßfpw Dƒ
s°m-≈p∂ G‰hpw \√ eLp-Ir-Xn-bmWv {ioaZv `K-hZv
KoX. AXnepw, c≠m-a-[ym-b-Øn¬ ]Xn-s\´p t«mI-ß-
fn-embn hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ ÿnX-{]-⁄-e-£-W-߃,
Ghcp-tSbpw ]c-a-e£yamb Bfl-km-£m¬°m-c-Øn\p-
th≠ km[\-bpsS ]q¿Æ-kmcw Dƒs°m-≈p∂p.
"ÿnX-{]-⁄≥' F∂ hm°n¬Øs∂, I¿Ωw,
tbmKw, ⁄m\w, `‡n F∂n-ßs\ am¿§-ta-Xm-bmepw,
]c-a-amb B\μw ssIh-cp-∂-Xn-\p≈ {][m\ km[\
Dƒs°m-≠n-cn -°p∂p. B hm°ns‚ kmam-\y-amb
A¿∞w \n›--e-amb, AN-©-e-amb a\ v ({]⁄) D≈
Hcp-h≥ F∂mWv. F√m km[-\-I-fp-tSbpw A¥n-a-amb
Dt±iw a\- ns\ kwb-a\w sNbvXv \n›-e-am-°p-I-bmWv
˛ AXm-bXv, "at\m-\miw' ssIh-cp-ØpI. "NnØ-hr-Øn
\ntcm[w' F∂mWv "tbmK' Øns‚ \n¿h-N\w. a\- mWv
sshhn-[y-Øns‚ Cu ambnI-tem-IsØ krjvSn-®n-cn-°p-
∂Xv; Pm{K-Z-hÿ F∂p ]dbp-∂Xpw Cu kz]v\ \mSI-
Øns‚ Hcp `mKw Xs∂. temIw apgp-h≥ Hcp "Nn¥'
bmWv. a\- n¬ \n∂v Nn¥-I-sf-sb√mw AI-‰n-bm¬ Cu
kz]v\\mSIw A{]-Xy-£-amhpw ˛ kz]v\w ImWp∂
\n߃ am{Xw Ah-ti-jn°pw.
Cu temI-Nn-¥-Iƒs°√mw ASn-ÿm\w ]q¿Δ-
kwkvIm-c -߃ (hmk-\-Iƒ) BWv. hmk-\-Iƒ
ASn™p-Iq-Sp-∂Xv B{Klt{]cn-X-ambn I¿Ω-߃
Bh¿Øn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv. ÿnX-{]-⁄s\ hnh-cn-
°p-∂-Xn-eqsS KoX \ap°v hmk-\-Isf, Fs¥-¶nepw
I¿Ωw sNbvXp -sIm -≠n -cn -°m -\p≈ t{]c -Wsb
AI‰m\pw, Aßs\ Cu alm-tam-l-Øn¬ \n∂v ap‡-
cm-hm\pw D≈ hgn-Iƒ ImWn®p-X-cp∂p. Ipd®v ITn-\-
{]-bXv\w Bhiy-amb GsX-¶nepw km[\ As√-¶n¬
{]h¿Ø-\-am¿§w \ap°p ]d™pX∂m¬ \mw DSs\
Hcp Hgn-Ignhv ]d-bp-I-bmbn: ‘CsXms° F\n-s°-ßs\
sNøm≥ Ignbpw? kpJ-Zpx-J-ß-tfbpw Pb-]-cm-P-b-ß-
tfbpw Hcpt]mse Icp-Xm\pw ka-ZrjvSn ]pe¿Øm\pw
F√mw hfsc hnjaw! cma-Ir-jvW-]-c-a-lw-k≥, `K-hm≥
ca-W-a-l¿jn F∂n-ßs\ Zp¿e`w B¿s°-¶nepw
Aßs\ sNøm≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cn°pw.’ \ap-°m¿°pw
Akm-[y-ambn H∂p-an√. \ΩpsS \ntj-[m-flI Nn¥-
bmWv G‰hpw henb am\-knI XS- -ambn hgn-bn¬
\nev°p-∂Xv. \sΩ _‘n-®Xpw a\ v; _‘-\-ap-‡-
cm°m≥ Ign-hp-≈Xpw a\ v. Bflm¿∞X, hnizmkw,
\nc-¥c ]cn-{i-a-Øn-\p-Xmßmbn ZrV-\n-›bw ˛ Ch
\sΩ Xo¿®-bmbpw e£yØn-se-Øn°pw. Cu ÿnX
{]⁄ e£-W-߃ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ t«mI-߃
lrZn-ÿ-am°n CS-bv°nsS sNm√p-∂Xp sIm≠p Xs∂
Hcp \mƒ AXv {]mtbm-KnIam°m≥ \ap°v t{]c-W-bp-
≠mhpw.*
C\n ]pkvX-I-ß-sfm∂pw Fgp-Xn-s√∂v Rm≥ ]t≠
Xo¿®-bm-°n-bn-cp∂p. Fs‚ ]pkvX-I-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw
{]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn\p ]n∂nse "kq{X-[mc'\mb {io
Un.F≥. B\μv (_mw•q¿) Hcp Znhkw F\n°v t^m¨
sNbvXv "ÿnX-{]⁄'s\∏‰n Rm≥ Fgp-X-W-sa∂
\n¿t±iw ap∂n¬ sh®p. AsX-\n°pw t_m[n®p.
B¥c-amb BtZ-ihpw F\n°p In´n. ASpØ Znhkw
Xs∂ Rm\n-sX-gp-Xn-Øp-Sßn. At±-l-Øn\v Fs‚
A\p{K-l-߃.
_mw•q-cnse HmwIm¿ Hm^vsk‰v {]nt‚-gvknse
{io sh¶-tSiv _m_p-hn-t\mSpw Fs‚ IrX-⁄X
{]Imin-∏n-t°-≠-Xp≠v. CXn-t\-°mƒ ]e-a-Sßv em`-Ic-
amb ]e tPmen-Iƒ e`n-®n´pw, At±lw Ft∏mgpw
Bflm¿∞-X-tbmSpw kvt\l-tØmSpw ̀ ‡n-tbmSpw IqSn,
Fs‚ ssII-fn¬ \n∂p- h-cp∂ Cu IrXn-Isf, G‰hpw
\√ IS-em- p-]-tbm-Kn®v, `wKn-bmbn Ih¿t]-Pp≠m°n,
ap≥K-W\ \evIn A®-Sn®v ka-b-Øn\p Xøm-dm-°m≥
kZbw {]h¿Øn-®n-´p≠v.
k¿tΔ-iz-c≥ \sΩ-sb√mw A\p-{K-ln-°s´!
kt{]aw lcn Hmw.
˛ kzman im¥m-\-μ-]pcn
viivi
* Km‘nPnbpsS B{iaØn¬ k‘ymkabsØ {]m¿∞\bpsS
Hcp ̀ mKambncp∂p Cu t«mI߃ ̨ hnh¿ØI≥
{KŸI¿Ømhns\∏‰n
im¥m almt¥m \nh-k¥n k¥x
hk-¥-h-t√m-I-lnXw Nc¥x
Xo¿Wmx kzbw `oa-`-hm¿Whw P\m≥
Atl-Xp-\m-\ym-\]n Xmc-b¥x
(hnth-I-Nq-Um-aWn˛39)
‘im¥cpw {_“-⁄cpw `b-¶-c -amb kwkm-c -
k-ap-{ZsØ kzbw XcWw sNbvX-hcpw, X\n-°mbn
bmsXmcp {]tbm-P-\hpw C—n-°msX a‰p-≈-h-tcbpw
IcI-b-‰p-∂-hcpw, hk-¥-EXp t]mse BfpIƒ°v
lnXw sNøp-∂-hcpw Bb k÷-\-ß-fp≠v.’
BNm-cy-kzm-an-Iƒ ]pI-gvØp∂ CØcw alm-flm-
°-fn¬ Hcm-fmWv ]qP-\ob {io im¥m-\-μ-]pcn kzman-
Iƒ. 1928˛-¬ Xan-gv\m-´n¬ P\n® kzman-Iƒ°v _meyw
apX¬ Xs∂ k’w-K-Øn-\p≈ ku`m-Kyhpw AXn¬
A`n-cp -Nn-bp-ap -≠mbn. \mep-h-b- p-≈-t∏mƒØs∂
Im©n-bnse ]c-am-Nm-cy-cpsS A\p-{Klw t\Sm≥ At±l-
Øn\p `mKy-ap-≠mbn. A∂p-ap-X-ep-≠mb k’w-K-amWv
Xs‚ F√m A`yp-Z-b-Øn\pw A[ymfl ]ptcm-K-Xn°pw
ImcWw F∂v At±lw ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-°p∂p. ]c-am-
Nm-cy-cpsS A\p-{Klw At±-l-Øn-s\-∂p-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p.
]Xn-∂mep hb- p-≈-t∏mƒ Hcp amk-°mew At±-l-
Øn\v ]c-am-Nm-cy-cpsS IqsS ]Z-bm{X sNøp-∂-Xn\pw
ix
\nc-¥cw B k’wKw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xn\pw `mKy-
ap≠mbn. ]c-am-Nm-cy-cpsS [¿Ω-{]-h-N-\-߃ At±-l-
Øn\v Fs∂∂pw {]tNm-Z-\-taIn. ]c-am-Nm-cy-cpsS \n¿t±
i-a-\p-k-cn®v At±lw enwK-]p-cm-W-Ønse inh-k-l-{k-
\maw A¿∞-tØm-Sp-IqSn {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw Pn⁄m-
kp-°ƒ°p-th≠n kwkvIrXw ¢mkp-Iƒ \S-Øp-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
1950 -̨¬, 22 hb- n¬, At±lw tI{μ Kh¨sa‚ns‚
k¿Δo-kn¬ tN¿∂p. aod-‰n-em-bn-cp∂p BZysØ tPmen.
AhnsS sh®v "{iocm-a-IrjvW hN-\m-arXw'' hmbn®v
{iocm-a-Ir-jvWs‚ Pohn-X-Ømepw D]-tZ-i-ßfmepw
BIr-jvS-\mbn. temI-Ønse G‰hpw al-Ømb {KŸ-
am-W-sX∂v At±lw Icp-Xp∂p. ]n∂oSv Ejo-tI-isØ
inhm\-μ-kzm-an-Isf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm≥ CS-bmbn. Hgnhp
In´p-tºm-sf√mw At±-l-Øns‚ B{i-a-Øn¬ t]mbn-
ØpSßn. At±lw kzman-Iƒ°v k∂ymkw sImSp-°m≥
Xøm-dm-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw IpSpw_ I¿Ø-hy-߃ aqew
At±lw A∂Xv kzoI-cn-®n√. {iocm-a-IrjvW ]c-º-c
bn¬s]´ Hcp alm-flm-hm-bn-cn-°Ww Xs‚ Kpcp F∂v
At±lw B{K-ln®p. 1952˛-¬ Aßs\ Hcp alm-flmhpw,
{iocm-a-Ir-jvW-tZ-hs‚ am\-k-]p-{X-\mb {io {_“m-\μ-
kzm-an-I-fpsS injy-\p-amb, hkn-jvT-Kp-l-bnse {io
]pcp-tjm-Ø-am-\μ kzman-I-sf-∏‰n Adn-bm≥ CS-h-∂p-
sh¶nepw 1957˛-emWv BZy-ambn Kpl-bn¬ t]mbn At±-
lsØ Z¿in-®Xv. Xs‚ h’-e-in-jys\ ImØn-cn-°p-I-
bm-bn-cp∂p Kpcp F∂p tXm∂n. kZm kl-P-k-am-[n-bn¬
apgp-In-bn-cp∂ At±lw kzman-Iƒ°v ]c-am-Z¿i-ambn
`hn®p. As°m√w Xs‚ P∑-Zn-\m-tLm-j-Øns‚ Ah
k-c-Øn¬ B{i-a-Øn¬ h∂v `mK-hXw hmbn®v A¿∞w
]d-b-W-sa∂v At±lw \n¿t±-in®p. AXp-hsc ̀ mKhXw
hmbn-®n-´p-X-s∂-bn-√m-bn-cp∂ kzman-Iƒ°v A∂p-ap-X¬
`mK-hXw Pohn-X-Ønse Hcm-Z¿i Zo]-ambn. Cu hmb\
ASp-Ø-Imew hsc XpS¿∂p h∂p.
1959˛-¬, bmsXmcp NSßpw IqSmsX, Xosc A{]-Xo-
£n-X-ambn ]pcp-tjm-Ø-am-\μ kzman-Iƒ At±-l-Øn\v
a{¥w \evIn. AXn-\p-tijw A[nIw Xma-kn-bmsX
k\ym-k-Zo-£bpw e`n-°p-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p {]Xo£.
F∂m¬, AXn\p hn]-co-X-ambn, injy\v Nne Krlÿ
kwkvIm-c-߃ _m°n-bm-bp≠v, hnhmlw Ign-°pI
F∂m-bn-cp∂p Kpcp-\n¿t±iw. CXv At±-lsØ BsI
Xf¿Øn. "\osb-¥n\p hnj-an-°p∂p? Hcp Znhkw
\n\-°Xpw In´pw' F∂v DS-s\-Øs∂ Kpcp Acp-fn-
s®bvXp. F∂m¬, B ]pWy-Zn\w hcm≥ 32 sIm√w
ImØn-cn-t°≠n h∂p.
Kpcp -\n¿t±-i-{]-Imcw {KŸ-I¿Ømhv 1960 -˛¬
hnhmlw Ign®p. hnhmlw ]p{X-em-`-Øn\p am{X-am-bn-cn-
°Ww, kpJ-t`m-K-߃°m-h-cpXv F∂v Kpcp \n¿t±-in-®n-
cp∂p. 1961 s^{_p-h-cn-bn¬ Kpcp-tZ-h≥ alm-k-am-[n-b-
S™p. F∂m¬, AXn-\p-ti-jhpw injy\v Bh-iy-ap-≈-
t∏m-sgms° At±lw km[-\-s°∂p am{X-a√, Pohn-X-
Ønse alm-{]iv\-߃ ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw th≠
\n¿t±-i-߃ \evIn-s°m-≠n-cp∂p. Kpcp-Ir-]-bmWv Xs∂
F√m hn[-Ønepw c£n-°p-Ibpw km[-\m-am¿§-Øn¬
apt∂m´p sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvX-sX∂v kzman-Iƒ
x xi
Xs‚ Bfl-I-Ym-]-c-amb Fragrant flowers F∂ {KŸ-
Øn¬ Bh¿Øn®p ]d-bp∂p.
1986˛-¬ kzman-Iƒ k¿°m¿ tPmen-bn¬ \n∂p
hnc-an®p. AXn-\p-ap-ºp-Xs∂ {Ia-ambn km[-\-b-\p-jvTn-
®n-cp∂ At±lw tPmen-bn¬ \n∂p hncan®-tijw
Xo{hamb km[-\-bn¬ apgpIn. 1991-˛¬ At±-l-Øns‚
]q¿hm-{i-a-Ønse ]p{X≥ sF.sF.Snbn¬ A¥y-h¿j-
Øn-seØn. k\ym-k-Øn-\p≈ ka-b-am-sb∂v At±-l-
Øns‚ A¥-cyman ]d™p. At±-l-Øn\v A∂v 63
hb- m-bn-cp∂p. 1991 PqWn¬ At±lw hoSp-hn´v, DØ-c-
Im-in-bn¬ Xs‚ Kpcp-{`m-Xm-hmb kzman i¶-cm-\-μ-
PnbpsS ASp-tØ°v t]mbn. 1992 s^{_p-h-cn-bn¬
inhcm{Xn Znhkw At±lw k\ymkw kzoI-cn®p. kzman
im¥m-\-μ-]pcn F∂m-bn-cp∂p ]pXnb \mat[bw.
k\ym-k-Øn-\p-tijw {]iv\-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√msX
HcnS-Øn-cp∂v km[\ sNømw F∂ {]Xo£ Kpcp-tZ-h≥
XI¿Øp. Ggp-sIm√w ]cn-{hm-PI PohnXw \bn-°m≥
At±lw kzman-Iƒ°v Hcp Znhkw [ym\-Øn¬ \n¿t±iw
\¬In. Aßs\ kzman-Iƒ `mcX-Ønse ]e ]pWy-
ÿe-ßfpw B{i-a-ßfpw kμ¿in®p. 1992-˛¬ lcn-Zzmc
Øp-sh®p \S∂ Ipw`-ta-f-bnepw At±lw ]s¶SpØp.
]cn{hP\ImeØv DS-\ofw Kpcp-tZ-hs‚ klmb-lkvXw
At±-l-tØm-sSm-∏-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. C°m-eØv ]e alm-
flm-°-sfbpw At±l-Øn\v Z¿in-°m≥ Ah-kcw In´n.
kzman-Iƒ°v Ct∏mƒ 80 hb- p-I-gn-™n-cn-°p∂p.
At\Iw al-Zv{K-Ÿ-߃ C°m-e-Øn-\nSbv°v At±l
Øns‚ ssIIfn¬ \n∂v \ap°v e`n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn.
{ioaZv `mK-hXw, KoX, A[ym-fl-cm-am-bWw, {Xn]p-cm-
clkyw, tbmK-hm-knjvTw, AjvSm-h-{I-KoX F∂o alZv
{K-Ÿ-ß-fpsS kmcw sNdnb {KŸ-ß-fmbn At±lw
FgpXn-bn-´p≠v. Ah-bv°p-]p-dta, apºp ]d™ Xs‚
Bfl-I-Ym-]-c-amb {KŸw, {]tNm-Z-I-ß-fmb IY-Iƒ,
km[-I-∑m-cpsS kwi-b-\n-hm-c-W-Øn-\p≈ D]-tZ-i-߃
F∂n-h-bp-ap≠v. C°m-eØv At±lw sIm√-Øn¬
NmXp¿am-ky-apƒs∏sS A©p-amkw Xncp-h-Æm-ae-bnse
{ioc-a-Wm-{i-a-Ønepw c≠p-amkw hkn-jvT-Kpl-bnepw
_m°n amk-߃ ]cn-{h-P-\-Øn-ep-ambn Nne-h-gn-°p∂p.
thW-sa-¶n¬, At\Iw injycpw `‡-cp-ap≈ At±-l-
Øn\v B{iaw ÿm]n®v aTm-[n -]-Xn -bmbn henb
coXnbn¬ Ignbmw. F∂m¬, Xs‚ Bh-iy-Øn¬
Ihn™v H∂pw kzoI-cn-°msX efn-X-ambn, ip≤-amb
k\ym-k-[¿Ωw Imtem-Nn-X-ambn ]cn-]m-en-°p-∂-Xnepw
\nc-¥cw Cuiz-c-Nn¥ sNøp-∂-Xn-ep-amWv At±-l-Øns‚
{i≤. At±-l-Øns‚ {KŸ-ß-sf√mw B Db¿∂
B[ymfln-I-Xbv°p km£yw hln-°p-∂-h-bmWv. Cu
alm-flmhv Zo¿L-Imew \sΩ-sb√mw A\p-{K-ln-®p-
sIm≠v \ΩpsS IqsS-bp-≠m-hs´ F∂p {]m¿∞n-°p∂p.
Fkv.hn. DÆn-°r-jvW≥
xii xiii
{]km[I Ipdn∏v
htμ Kpcp-]-c-ºcmw
{io im¥m-\-μ-]pcn kzman-Pn-bpsS "KoX-bnse ÿnX-
{]-⁄-Z¿i\w' F∂ {KŸ-Øns‚ ae-bmf ]cn-`mj
{]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-hm-\p≈ ku`mKyw kan-Xn°v ssIh-∂n-
cn-°p∂p. AXn-\p≈ A\p-hmZw I\n™p \¬Inb
{io kzmanPn alm-cm-Pn\v kmZc {]Wmaw A¿∏n-°p∂p.
AXy¥w kmc-h-Ømb Cu eLp-{K-Ÿ-Øns‚
kc-fhpw at\m-l-c-hp-amb ae-bmf ]cn-̀ mj \n¿Δ-ln-®Xv
{io. Fkv.hn. DÆn-Ir-jvW≥ Ah¿I-fmWv. 1963-˛¬
'Indian Audit & Accounts Service' tkh-\-Øn¬
{]thin® {io. DÆn-Ir-jvW≥ AUn-j-W¬ sU]yq´n
I¨t{Sm-f¿ & BUn-‰¿ P\-d¬ ]Z-hn-bn¬ \n∂mWv
hnc-an-®Xv. {iocm-a-Ir-jvW-tZ-hs‚ `‡-\mb {io. DÆn-
Ir -jvW≥ thZm-¥-]-c -amb At\Iw teJ-\-߃
"{]_p≤-tI-cfw', "thZm-¥tI-kcn' F∂o B\p-Im-en-I-
ß-fn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p≠v. cma-Ir-jvWaTw, Xriq¿
{]kn-≤o-I-cn® At±-l-Øns‚ 'A manual of holy life'Imtem-Nn-X-amb Hcp {KŸ-amWv. {io. Pn. _me-Ir-jvW≥
\mb¿ Ah¿I-fpsS `K-h-ZvKo-X-bpsS "inhm-c-hnμw˛
alm-`mjyw' Cw•ojv `mj-bn¬ aqe-Ir-Xn-bpsS `mhw
]q¿Æ-ambn Dƒs°m≠v kcf-ambn ]cn-̀ mj-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv
xiv xv
At±-l-Øns‚ as‰mcp hne-s∏´ kw`m-h\-bmWv. {io
imc-Zm-tZ-hn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ "amXr-Xz-Øns‚ al-\ob
amXrI', kzman bXo-iz-cm-\-μ-bpsS {KŸ-Øns‚ ]cn-
`mj-bmb "A[ym-fl-Po-hnXw' F∂nh cma-IrjvWaTw,
Xriq¿ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p≠v. At±-l-tØm-Sp≈ AssI-
X-h-amb \μn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p.
Rß-fpsS F√m kwcw-̀ -ß-sfbpw A\p-{K-ln-®n-́ p≈
{io kzman ssNX-\y-m\μ ˛ hkn-jvT-Kpl, hne-tb-dnb
\n¿tZi klm-b-߃ \¬Inb tUm. hn.Fkv. i¿a ˛
Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw, {io. Un.F≥. B\μv ˛ _mw•q¿ F∂n-
h¿°pw \μn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p.
Cu ]Xn∏v `wKn -bmbn A®-Sn®v Xøm-dm-°nb
Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw A£c Hm^vsk‰v Poh-\-°m¿°pw,
amt\-Pvsa‚n-\p-ap≈ \μn {]Im-in-∏n-°p∂p.
kZvKpcp ]mZ-I-a-e-ß-fn¬ ka¿∏n-°p∂p.
Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw {]km-[-I¿
18 Pqembv, 2008 kzman im¥m-\-μ-]pcn
Kpcp-]q¿Wna kZvKpcp `‡-k-anXn
Hmw
KoX-bnse ÿnX-{]-⁄-Z¿i\w
Zpx J-kv]¿i-an-√mØ ÿnc-amb B\-μ-amWv F√m
Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw Pohn-tXm-t±iw. Hcp]t£, acW-
am-bn-cn°pw F√m-‰nepw henb ZpxJw; P\n-®-sX√mw
acn-°p∂p, adn®pw kw`-hn-°p∂p. AXp-sIm≠v, A\n
hm-cy-amb P\\˛acWN{I-Øn¬ \n∂v hnSpXn t\Sn
AacXzw t\Sp-Ibpw \ΩpsS kpJm-t\z-j-W-Øns‚
`mKamWv. \ΩpsS ZpxJhpw ÿnc-ambn B\μw A\p-`-
hn-°m-\p≈ Ign-hn-√m-bvabpw F√mw \mw hmkvX-h-Øn¬
Bcm-sW-∂-dn-bm-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠mWv, AXm-bXv, kzcq-]-
⁄m\w C√m-Ø-Xp -sIm -≠mWv F∂pw, X∑qew
Ime˛tZi ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ°[o-\-cmb hyjvSnPoh-∑m-cm-
sW∂v hniz -kn -°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-sW∂pw \ΩpsS
imkv{X-ßfpw Ah-bn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb thZm-¥-Z¿i-
\hpw Dd-∏n®p ]d-bp∂p. Cu A⁄m-\sØ am‰n ]c-a-
kXyw sXfn-bn®v \ΩpsS e£y-{]m]vXn km[y-am-°p-
∂-Xn-∂mbn hnhn[ Zm¿i-\nI k{º-Zm-b-߃ ⁄m\-
tbmKw, `‡n-tbmKw XpS-ßnb km[\m-am¿§-߃
\n¿t±-in-®n-´p≠v. Cu km[-\-I-sf√mw kXysØ Bh-
cWw sNøp∂ ad-b-I-‰p-∂-Xn-\mWv. \ΩpsS kzcq-]-
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
km£m¬°m-c-Øns‚ hgn-bn-ep≈ XS -ß-fmWv Cu
ad. Bfl-km-£m¬°mcw Ftßm \n∂v {]m]n-t°≠
H∂√; AXn-s∏mtg kn≤-amWv ˛ \mw AX-dn-bp-∂n√
F∂p am{Xw. A[ym-fl-e£yw {]m]n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn \mw
A\p-jvTn-°p∂ km[-\-Ifpw tbmK-am¿§hpw GXm-bmepw
\ΩpsS ]cn-{iaw CS-hn-Sm-ØXpw ÿnchpw Bbn-cn-
°Ww. N©-e-a-\-kvI-\mb Hcmƒ°v kXy-h-kvXp-hn¬
a\- ns\ GIm-{K-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ km[n-°n√. Abmƒ
Ipd®p Znhkw `‡n-tbmKw A\p-jvTn-t®°mw; ]ns∂
AjvSmw-K-tbm-K-amhpw A\p-jvTn-°p-∂Xv. As√-¶n¬,
Ipd®p-\mƒ hnjvWp-̀ -K-hms\ ̀ Pn-®-tijw ]ns∂ Ipd®p-
Zn-hkw tIhe \n¿KpW {_“-sØ-bmhpw [ym\n-°p-
∂Xv. Ch¿ Xß-fpsS Xocp-am\w CS-bv°nsS am‰n
H∂nepw Dd-®p-\n-ev°m-Ø-h-cm-hp∂p.
ÿnX-{]-⁄≥
kp\n-›n-Xhpw ÿnchpw ZrV-hp-amb a\- p≈
HcmfmWv ÿnX-{]-⁄≥. Hcp ÿnX-{]-⁄-\p-am-{Xta,
Xs‚ kzmX-{¥ysØ ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xpw Xs‚
bYm¿∞ kzcq-]-amb B\-μsØ A\p-`-hn-°m≥ A\p-
h-Zn-°m-Ø-Xp-amb F√m _‘-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ap‡-
\m-hm≥ km[y-amhq. `K-hZvKoX-bn¬ c≠m-a-[ym-b-Øn¬
55 apX¬ 71 hsc-bp≈ t«mI-ß-fn¬ Hcp ÿnX
{]⁄s‚ KpW-ßfpw e£-W-ßfpw hnh-cn-®n-´p≠v. ]e
]fin-X-∑m-cp-sSbpw A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ ÿnX{]⁄≥,
KpWm-Xo-X≥ F∂o ]Z-߃ ]cym-b-ß-fmWv. KoX
]Xn-∂m-em-a-[ym-b-Øn¬ hnh-cn-®n-´p≈ KpWm-Xo-Xs‚
e£W-߃ ÿnX{]⁄-t‚-Xp -X -s∂-bm -sW∂p
ImWmw. AXp-t]mse, ]{¥-≠m-a-[ym-b-Øn¬ hnh-cn-
°p∂ `‡-e£W-ßfpw ÿnX-{]-⁄≥, KpWm-Xo-X≥
F∂n-h-cpsS e£-W-ßfpw H∂pXs∂. AhnsS "ÿnc-
aXnx' (ÿnc-a -\ - p -≈-h≥) F∂Xv `‡s‚ Hcp
kp{][m\ KpW-ambn ]d-bp∂p. ÿnX{]⁄-∑msc,
`Khm≥ caW-a-l¿jn-sb-t∏mse, Poh-∑p-‡-∑m¿
(hntZl-ap-‡-∑m¿, AXym-{i-an-Iƒ) F∂pw ]dbmw.
ÿnX-{]-⁄X ssIh∂-h-cn¬ Cu e£-W-߃
sXfn™pImWmw F∂Xpw hy‡-amWv.
ÿnX-{]⁄ hnh-c-W-Øns‚ ]›m-Øew
KoX c≠m-a-[ym-b-Øn¬ ]d™ Cu e£-W-߃
shdpw hnh-c-W-ß-f√. Bfl-km-£m¬°m-c-Øn\v ]cn-
{i-an-°p∂ km[-I-∑m¿°p≈ Hcp {lkz-Ime ]cn-ioe\
{Ia-ambpw Chsb IcpXmw. ap‡n {]m]n-°m-\p≈
km[-\bpw AXn\p ]n∂n-ep≈ bp‡nbpw Ah Dƒ
s°m≈p∂p. KoX-bnse ]e A[ym-b-ß-fn-embn NnX-dn-
°n-S-°p∂ hnhn[ km[-\-I-fpsS Hcp kw{K-l-amWv \mw
ChnsS ImWp-∂Xv. (DZm: A[ymbw 3 ˛ t«mIw 34, 41;
A[ymbw 5 -̨ t«mIw 18, 20, 21˛26; A[ymbw 6- -̨ t«mIw
18; A[ymbw 9 ˛ t«mIw 28; A[ymbw 12 ˛ t«mIw 13 -̨ 19).
"{_“-hnZv {_ss“h `hXn' ˛ {_“-⁄m\n {_“w
˛ ]c-a-kXyw ˛ Xs∂ Bbn-Øo-cp∂p. {_“w Ah¿Æ-
\o-bhpw a\- n\pw hm°p-Iƒ°pw FØm-\m-hm-ØXpw
Bbn-cnt°, Hcp Poh-∑p-‡s‚ KpW-߃ Fßs\ hnh
cn°pw? At±lw AXy¥w km[m-c-W-\mbn ImW-s∏Spw˛
32
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
s]mXp-h-gn-bn¬ sh®v \n߃ At±-lsØ ImWm≥ CS-
h-∂m¬ c≠m-a-sXm∂p t\m°m≥ t]mepw \n߃°p
tXm∂n√! Poh-∑p-‡\v Xe-bn¬ c≠p sImºp ImWp-
sa-∂mtWm hnNmcw F∂v ]e alm-flm-°fpw tNmZn-°m-
dp≠v. Poh-∑p-‡\v tkz—-t]mse s]cp-am-dm≥ kzmX-{¥y-
ap≠v. AXp-sIm≠v ÿnX-{]⁄ hnh-cWw Hcp Poh-
∑p-‡s\ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-b√. \ΩpsS A⁄m
\-Zr-jvSn-bn¬ \n∂p≈ hnh-c-W-ß-fm-Wnh; F∂m¬, Ah
I¿Ør\njvT-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v Ahsb am\-Z-fi-am°n
Hcp hy‡n ÿnX-{]-⁄-\mtWm, A√tbm F∂v ]co-
£n°pI km[y-a√. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, ÿnX-{]-⁄≥
`bw, t{Im[w F∂n-h-bn-√mØ Bfm-sW∂p ]d-bp∂p
(KoX 2-˛56). Hcp alm-flmhv Xs‚ B{i-a-Øn¬ injy-
∑m-tcm-sSm∏w Ccn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. At∏mƒ, B {Kmaw
sIm≈-b-Sn-°m≥ Ipsd sIm≈-°m¿ IpXn-c-∏p-dØp hcp-
∂p-s≠∂pw, Ah¿ hgn-bn¬ I≠ {Kma-hm-kn-Isf shSn-
sh®p sIm√p∂ Iq´-cm-sW∂pw D≈ hm¿Ø h∂p.
AXp-tI´ DSs\ injy-∑m-sc√mw ASp-sØmcp Im´n¬
Hfn-°m-\mbn HmSn-t∏mbn. km[-I-∑m¿ \n¿`-b-cm-bn-cn-
°Ww F∂v D]-tZ-in-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ alm-flmhpw
AhcpsS ap≥]-¥n-bn¬Øs∂ HmSn. Xß-fpsS Kpcphpw
Xß-sf-t∏m-se-Øs∂ `ocp-hm-sW∂pw, a‰p-≈-h-tcmSv
D]tZ-in® \n¿`-bXzw At±-l-Øn-∂n-s√∂pw Ah¿
hnNmcn®p. Ah¿ C°m-cy-sØ-∏‰n Kpcp-Pn-tbmSv ]n∂nSp
tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ At±lw ]d™p: ""temI-Øns‚ IÆn¬
Hcp `ocp-hmbn \nμ°pw ]cn-lm-k-Øn∂pw ]m{X-am-hp-
∂-XmWv, It≠m F√m-hcpw HmSn-t∏mbn, Rm≥ am{X-
amWv Bk-\-Øn¬ A\-ßm-sX-bn-cp∂ alm-flmhv F∂v
Fs‚ Al-¶mcw ]n∂oSv kzbw ]pI-gvØp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ
\√Xv.'' At∏mƒ, injy-∑m¿ Kpcp-hn-s\-∏‰n hnNm-cn-®Xv
sX‰m-bn-cp∂p.
thsdmcp ⁄m\nsb, Poh-∑p-‡s\, I≠m¬ Xncn-
®-dn-bm≥ km[n-°ptam F∂v ̀ K-hm≥ ca-W-a-l¿jn-tbmSv
Hcn-°¬ Hcmƒ tNmZn®p. km-[n-°n-s√∂v At±lw
]d™p. Hcp ⁄m\n°v as‰-√m-hcpw \nXy-ap-‡-cmWv.
At±lw F√m-h-tcbpw {_“-ambn ImWp∂p. At∏mƒ
Hcp ⁄m\n°p Xs∂ ÿnX-{]-⁄-\mb Hcmsf Xncn-
®-dn-bm≥ km[y-a√. Ah¿Æ-\o-b-am-b-Xns\ hm°p-Iƒ
sIm≠v Fßs\ hnh-cn°pw?
KoX c≠m-a-[ymbw 39-˛mw t«mI-Øn¬, `K-hm≥
_p≤n (hnthIw) BWv ]c-a-k-Xy-Øn-te-°p≈ GXp
am¿§-Ønepw (tbmKw) {][m-\ -L-SIw F∂p ]d-bp∂p.
Gjm tX f`nlnXm kmwtJy
_p≤n¿tbmtK Xznamw irWp
_p≤ym bpt‡m bbm ]m¿∞
I¿Ω-_‘w {]lm-kykn
imkv{X-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw Dt±iw NnØ-ip-≤n- ssI-h-cp-
ØpI F∂-XmWv. A¿÷p-\s‚ _p≤nsb \n¿Ω-e-
am°n taml-a-I‰n AXn\v icn-bmb Adnhp \evIp-I-bm-
bn-cp∂p KoX-bpsS Dt±iw. _p≤n icn-bmb Adn-hp-
sIm≠v \bn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ am{Xta timI-tam-l-kw-kmc
Imc-W-ß-fmb _p≤ntZmj-߃°-dpXn hcn-I-bp≈q.
]Øm-a-[ymbw ]Ømw t«mI-Øns‚ hymJym-\-Øn¬
i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿ _p≤nsb "kay-KvZ¿i\w, aØ-Øz-
hn-jbw', AXm-bXv, Cuiz-c-XØzw icn-bmw-hÆw {Kln-
54
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
°¬ F∂v \n¿Δ-Nn-°p∂p. Bdm-a-[ymbw 21-˛mw- t«m-I-
Øn¬ {]⁄ (_p≤n) bpsS {]m[m\yw ̀ K-hm≥ ho≠pw
FSp-Øp-]-d-bp∂p. "kpJ-am-Xy-¥nIw bØXv _p≤n-
{KmlyaXo-{μnbw' (B\-μ-kz-cq -]-amb ]c-a-kXyw
_p≤n°p am{Xta {Kln-°m-\mhq). AXp-t]mse, c≠m-
a-[ym-b-Ønepw (t«mIw 53), thZ-hm-Iy-ß-fn¬ Dƒs°m-
≈p∂ ]e-hn[ D]-tZ-i-ß-fm¬ kw{`-an-®p-t]mb a\ v
AXns‚ N©-e-Xbpw A\n-›n-X-Xzhpw hn´v \n›-ehpw
GIm-{K-hp-am-bn-Øo¿∂m¬ am{Xta A¿÷p-\\v ]c-a-amb
tbmKw ssIh-cn-I-bp≈q F∂v ̀ K-hm≥ ]d-bp∂p. ({ipXn
hn{]Xn-]-∂m tX bZm ÿmkyXn \n›em/kam-[m-h-
Nem _p≤nx XZm-tbmKw Ahm-]vkykn.) At∏mƒ,
AØcw ÿnc-_p≤n ssIh∂ Hcm-fpsS e£-W-߃
hnh-cn-®p-X-cm≥ A¿÷p-\≥ ̀ K-hm-t\mSv At]-£n-°p∂p.
ÿnX-{]-⁄X ssIh-cp-Øm≥ D≈ hgn ]d-™p-X-cm≥
t\cn´v At]-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw, Hcp ÿnX-{]-⁄≥
Fßs\ s]cp-am-dp∂p, a‰p-≈-h¿ At±-lsØ Fßs\
ImWp∂p F∂mWv A¿÷p-\≥ tNmZn-°p-∂Xv.
"ÿnX{]⁄≥' F∂m¬ "Rm≥ ]c-{_“w Xs∂'
F∂v Dd-∏p‰ hnizm-k-ap≈ a\-t m-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcmƒ
F∂mWv i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿ hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv (ÿnXm {]Xn-
jvTnXm, "Alw Akvan- ]cw {_“' CXn {]⁄m
bkykx ÿnX{]⁄x ˛ 54-˛mw t«mI-Øns‚ `mjyw).
55-˛mw t«mI-Øns‚ `mjy-Øn¬ BNm-cy¿ ÿnX
-{]-⁄≥ F∂ hm°n\v, Bflm-\m-fl-hn-thIw aqe-
ap≠mb {]⁄-bn¬ kp{]-Xn-jvTn-X-\m-b-h≥ F∂pw
A¿∞w ]d-bp∂p. (ÿnX{]⁄x ÿnXm{]Xn-jvTnXm
Bflm-\m -fl-hn -th-IPm {]⁄m bkykx ÿnX-
{]⁄x) ChnsS A\m-fl-h-kvXp-°ƒ F∂-Xn¬ Cl˛
]c-tem-I-ßfpw icoc˛at\m-kw-Lm-Xhpw Dƒs∏-Sp∂p.
]c-am¿∞-Øn¬, c≠p \n¿h-N-\-߃°pw A¿∞w H∂p
Xs∂. Aßs\, ÿnX-{]-⁄-\m-hp∂-Xn\v Hcmƒ t\Sn-
sb-Sp-t°-≠-Xmb KpW-ßsf kw{K-ln®p ]d-bm≥
`K-hm≥ Hcp-ßn-b-Xns‚ ]›m-Øew CXmWv.
a\p-jys‚ ]c-a-i{Xp
_p≤n-bpsS hnth-I-i‡n \in-∏n®v a\x-im-¥n°pw
_p≤n°pw \miw hcp-Øp∂ F‰hpw {][m\ LSIw
Fs¥∂p hnh-cn-®p-sIm≠v `K-hm≥ Xs‚ hnh-cWw
Bcw-`n-°p∂p. Imaw, B{Klw, BWv B kp{]-[m-\-
L-SIw. AXns\ D∑q-e\w sNøWw. ho´n¬ I≈-∑m¿
IS-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v PmK-cq-I-cm-bn-cn-°Ww F∂v P\-
ßsf D¬t_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn, Hcp cm{Xn-bn¬ \K-c-
ho-Yn-I-fn-eqsS s]cp-ºd sIm´n \S∂ Hcmƒ sNm√nb
Hcp ]m´p≠v:
Ima-t{Im[u tem`-tamlu
tZtl XnjvT¥n XkvIcmx
⁄m\cXv\m-]-lm-cm¿∞w
Xkvam¬ Pm{KX Pm{KX.
"\nß-fpsS ico-c-Øn-\p-≈n¬ Ct∏mƒØs∂ ⁄m\-am-
Ip∂ cXv\sØ A]-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn \mep s]cpw
I≈-∑m¿ IS-∂n-cn-∏p≠v. (]pd-Øp-\n∂pw hcp∂ I≈-
∑m-sc-°p-dn®v thh-em-Xn-s∏-tS≠.) Imaw, t{Im[w, tem`w,
tamlw F∂n-h-bm-W-h¿. AXp-sIm≠v DW-cp-hn≥!
76
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
DW-cp-hn≥!' t{Im[w Ima-Øns‚ Hcp ÿqe-{]-Im-i\w
am{X-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v `K-hm≥ Ahsb H∂mbn IW-
°m°n, AXv \ΩpsS G‰hpw henb i{Xp-hm-sW∂p
]d-bp∂p:
Ima Gj t{Im[ Gj
ctPm-KpW kap-Zv`hx
alm-it\m alm-]m]vam
hnt≤y\w Cl sshcnWw (3.37)
`K-hm≥ ÿnX-{]-⁄-e-£-W-߃ hnh-cn®p
XpSßp∂p.
{]P-lmXn bZm Imam≥
k¿Δm≥ ]m¿∞ at\m-K-Xm≥
Bflt\yhmfl\m XpjvSx
ÿnX-{]⁄kvXtZm-NytX (2.55)
"Hcmƒ a\- nse F√m B{K-l-ß-tfbpw Dt]-£n®v
Bflm-hp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ k¥p-jvS-\m-bn-cn -°p-tºmƒ
Abmsf ÿnX-{]-⁄≥ F∂p ]d-bp∂p!
_p≤-aXw, ssP\-aXw F∂n-h-bpƒs∏sS an°
aXßfpw, B{K-l-ß-fmWv \ΩpsS ZpxJ-߃°pw ZpcnX-
߃°pw {][m\ ImcWw F∂v {]Jym-]n-°p-∂-Xn¬
tbmPn-°p∂p. B{Klw F∂-Xn¬ ssewKn-I-Imaw, i‡n-
a-Ømb hnImcw, ]pcp-j-\m-sW-¶n¬ kv{Xobp-tSbpw
kv{Xobm-sW-¶n¬ ]pcp-j-t‚bpw kl-hmkw, ASp∏w
F∂n-h-bv°p≈ Xo{h-amb sImXn F∂nh Dƒs∏-Sp∂p.
ssewKn-I-Im-a-Øn\p sXm´p-]ntº hcp∂p [\-Øn-\p≈
B{Klw. Ima˛Im©-\-߃°p≈ sImXn -bmWv
A[ymfl ]ptcm-K-Xn°v G‰hpw henb XS w F∂v
{iocm-a-Ir-jvW-]-c-a-lw-k¿ ]d-bp-am-bn-cp∂p. [ym\-apƒ
s∏sS Hcp km[-\bpw D]-tZ-in-°mØ, ⁄m\m¿P\-
Øn\v Hcp {]tXyI D]m-[nbpw \n¿t±-in-°mØ, AjvSm-
h-{I-a-l¿jn t]mepw Ima-Im-©-\-߃°p≈ B{K-
lsØ i‡n-bmbn A]-e-]n-°p∂p.
BÿnXx ]c-am-ssZzXw
tam£m¿t∞- f]n hyh-ÿnXx
B›cyw Ima-h-iKx
hnIex tIfn-in-£bm
(AjvSm-h-{I-KoX 3˛-6)
"AssZz-X-⁄m-\-Øn¬ Dd-∏p-h∂v tam£-{]m-]vXn-bn¬
AXy¥w Xev]-c-\m-bn´pw, ]q¿Δ-hm-k-\-I-fpsS i‡n-
bm¬ Ima-h-i-K-\mbn \o t£m-̀ -Øn-∂n-c-bm-hp∂p F∂Xv
A¤pXw Xs∂.'
"D]tÿ fXy¥ kwkt‡m
amen-\y-a-[n-K-—Xn' (AjvSm-h-{I-KoX 3˛-4)
"Ima-hr-Øn-bn¬ Bk-‡-\mbn Cßs\ aen-\-\m-hp-
∂-sX-ßs\?'
Ahn-\m-in-\-am-flm\w GIw hn⁄mb XØzXx
Xhm-fl-PvRky [oc-ky-IYw A¿∞m¿÷-t\ -cXnx
(3-˛1)
"\mi-an-√m-ØXpw GI-hp-amb Bflm-hns\ bYm¿∞-
Øn¬ Adn-™n´pw Bfl-⁄-s\∂v kzbw Icp-Xp∂
\o Fßs\ [\-k-ºm-Z-\-Øn¬ Xev]-c-\m-hp∂p?'
98
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
k’wKw, {]m¿∞\, P]w, Kpcp-Ir] F∂n-h-bn-eqsS
B{K-l-ß-sf-sb√mw XyPn-°m≥ ]cn-{i-an-®n-s√-¶n¬
Bfl-km-£m¬°mcw t\Sm-\m-hn√. [\w, Ima-t`mKw,
t]cpw s]cp-abpw F∂n-h-bn¬ Hcmƒ Xev]-c-\m-hp-Ibpw
kXy-k-‘-amb hgn-bn¬ Ah t\Sm≥ Abmƒ°v km[n-
°msX hcn-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ Abmƒ Xs‚ e£yw
t\Sp-∂-Xn\v Ak-Xy-Øn-t‚bpw h©-\-bp-tSbpw hgn-Iƒ
Ah-ew-_n-°p∂p. Xm≥ I≠p-]n-Sn-°-s∏Spw, in£n-°-
s∏Spw F∂ `bw Abmsf kZm ]n¥p-S-cp∂p. Abm-
fpsS a\- n\v Hcn-°epw im¥n-bp-≠m-hn√; AXv kZm
{]£p-_v[am-bn-cn°pw. Aßs\, B{K-l-ßsf Dt]-£n-
®n-s√-¶n¬ \ΩpsS a\ v kZm-N-©-e-am-bn-cn°pw, \ap°v
ÿnX-{]-⁄X ssIh-cn√.
Ima-Øns‚ D¤-h-ÿm\w
B{K-l-ß-fmWv \ΩpsS {][m\ i{Xp-°-sf-¶n¬,
Ah ]pd-ta-\n∂v hcp-∂-h-bmtWm, AtXm, \ΩpsS
a\ nepw ico-c-Ønepw kZm IpSn-sIm-≈p-∂-h-bmtWm
F∂-dn-tb-≠-Xp≠v. Ch a\- n¬ IpSn-sIm-≈p∂p F∂v
`K-hm≥ ]d-bp∂p. Ah kXy-a√, am\-knI hnIm-c-߃
am{X-amWv. a‰p hm°p-I-fn¬, Ah \ΩpsS k¶-ev]-ßtfm
Nn¥-Itfm BWv. \mw Bflm-hmWv. B{K-l-߃°v
Bflm-hp-ambn Hcp _‘-hp-an√. Ah \ΩpsS k¶-ev]-
߃ am{X-am-sW∂v Adn-™p-I-gn-™m¬, "Cu B{K-l-
߃ hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Ft‚-X√. F\n-°-h-bp-ambn Hcp
_‘-hp-an√. B{K-l-]q¿Øn-sIm≠v F\n-°p-≠mb
kpJw £Wn-Ihpw am\-kn-Ihpw am{X-amWv' F∂v ZrV-
hn-izm-k-tØmsS kzbw Bh¿Øn-®p-]-d™v \ap°v
Ahsb XyPn-°m≥ km[n°pw.
thsd Nne¿ hnNm-cn -°p-∂Xv, ssewKnIkpJw
-t]m-ep≈ kpJ-ß-fn¬ apgp-Ip-∂Xp hgn Ah-cpsS
a\ n\v Xr]vXn hcpw, ]ns∂ Ah-bv°p≈ B{K-l-ap-
≠m-hn√ F∂mWv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ CXp kXy-a√.
{ioaZv ̀ mK-h-X-Øn¬ bbmXn F∂ cmPm-hns‚ IY-bp≠v.
Imam-k-‡-\mb At±-l-Øn\v hm¿≤Iyw _m[n®p. Ima-
t`mKw Akm-[y-am-b-t∏mƒ At±lw Xs‚ hm¿≤Iyw
Cf-b -a-I-\p -sIm-SpØv Ahs‚ buΔ\w ]Icw hmßn
At\-Im-bncw h¿jw Ima-t`mKw A\p-`-hn®p. F∂m¬
Hcp \mƒ, Xs‚ B{K-l-]q¿Øn Hcn-°epw km[y-a√,
AXns\ Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øpw-tXmdpw AXv h¿≤n-®p-h-cn-I-
tb-bp≈q F∂v At±-l-Øn\v t_m≤yw h∂p. AXmWv
`K-hm≥ {ioIr-jvW≥ CØcw Ima-\-Isf "alm-i\x'
(F{X `£n-®mepw Xr]vXn-s∏-Sm-ØXv) F∂v KoX-bn¬
hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (3-˛37). bbmXn ]d™p:
\ PmXp Imax Imam\mw
D]-t`m-tK\ imayXn
lhnjm IrjvW-h¿tflh
`qb Fhm-`n-h¿[tX (`mK-hXw 9-˛19.14)
"t`mKm-\p-`hw sIm≠v Ima-߃ Hcn-°epw ian-°p-∂n√.
Xobn¬ s\søm-gn-®m¬ Xo\m-f-߃ h¿≤n-°p-∂-Xp-
t]mse Ah h¿≤n-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p∂p:
D]-\n-jØp ]d-bp∂p:
1110
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
bZm k¿tΔ {]ap-Nyt¥ Imam tb fky lrZn-{inXmx
AY-a¿tØym AartXm `hXn A{X {_“ ka-iv\ptX
(ITw 2.6.14)
"a\p-jy≥ kzlr-Z-b-Øn-ep≈ B{K-l-ß-sf-sb√mw
XyPn-°p-tºmƒ Ah≥ Aa-c-\m-bn-Øo-cp∂p; Ah\v
Chn-sS-Øs∂ Ct∏mƒ {_“m-\p-`hw D≠m-hp∂p.'
CXn-e-[nIw \ap-s°-¥p-d-∏p-thWw?
Ima-Øn\v {]Xn-hn[n
Hcp Ip´n Fs¥-¶nepw Aln-X-I-c-amb hkvXp-
sIm≠v Ifn-°m-s\m-cp-sº-́ m¬ Ahs‚ a\- p- am-‰m-\p≈
G‰hpw \√ hgn IqSp-X¬ BI¿j-I-amb Fs¥-¶nepw
Ah\v \evIp-I-bmWv. a\- ns\ Ima-ap-‡-am-°-W-sa-
¶n¬ ]Icw \evIm-hp∂ G‰hpw \√ hkvXp \ΩpsS
Bflm-hp-X-s∂-bmWv. euInIhkvXp-°-fn¬ H∂n¬
\n∂pw kpJtam B\-μtam Hcn-°epw D≠m-hp-∂n√. Hcp
a[pc km[\w Xn∂p-tºmƒ hfsc kpJw tXm∂n-sb-
¶n¬ B kpJw B hkvXp-hn¬ \n∂pw h∂-X√; apºp-
Xs∂ \n¿Æ-bn-°-s∏´ \nß-fpsS CjvSm-\n-jvS-ß-fmWv
AXn\p-Im-cWw. B\-μ-sa√mw \n߃°p-≈n¬Ø-s∂-
bmWv. \nß-fpsS Bflmhv B\-μ-kz-cq-]w-Xs∂ ˛
temI-Øn-ep≈ B\-μ-Øn-s‚sb√mw DdhnSw. Cu
BflmhmWv {]]©Ønt‚bpw AXn-ep≈ F√m hkvXp-
°-fp-tSbpw A[n-jvTm\w. {]]-©hpw AXnse hkvXp-
°-fp-sa√mw Bflm-hn¬ A≤y-kn-®n-cn-°p-I-bmWv. Cu
Bflmhp Xs∂ ]c-a-k-Xy-amb {_“w. Ccp-´n¬ Ibdv
]mºn-s\-t∏mse ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-t]mse, A[ym-tcm]w
ImcWw Bflmhv F√m hkvXp-°-fp-tSbpw cq]-Øn¬
ImW-s∏-Sp∂p. Cu Dd® hnizm-k-tØmsS GIm-{K-X-
tbmsS Bfl-[ym\w sNøm-sa-¶n¬ \ap°v AXp-ey-amb
B\μw e`n°pw. [\w, Ima-t`mKw XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬
\n∂pw e`n°p∂ Hcm-\-μ-Øn∂pw AXn-t\mSv InS-\n-
ev°m≥ Ignbn√. Aßs\ \nc-¥cw Bfl-[ym\w sNøp-
∂-Xp-sImt≠m, "Rm≥ \ne-\n-ev°p∂p, Rm≥ am{Xw
kXyw' (I AM) F∂ ip≤-t_m-[-Øn¬ Bfl-kz-cq-]-
\mbn h¿Øn-°p-∂XpsImt≠m e`n-°p∂ kwXr-]vXn-
sIm≠v F√m B{K-l-ß-tfbpw XyPn®v ÿnX-{]-⁄X
ssIh-cn-°m≥ Ignbpw. AXp-sIm≠v, ÿnX-{]-⁄
\mhm≥ Bh-iy-amb BZysØ c≠p LS-I-߃
B{Kl-ß-sf-sb√mw Dt]-£n-°p-Ibpw, kwXr-]vXn-
°mbn _mly-h-kvXp-°-sf-sbm∂pw B{i-bn-°msX
\nc-¥cw Bflm-hn¬Øs∂ kwXr-]vXn- I-s≠-Øp-Ibpw
BWv.
ka-Nn-ØX
ASp-Ø-Xmbn `K-hm≥ thsd c≠p Imcy-߃
{]kvXm-hn-°p∂p. At±lw ]d-bp∂p:
ZpxtJ-jz\pZzn·-a\mx
kptJjp hnK-X-kv]rlx
hoX-cm-K-`-b-t{Im[x
ÿnX-[o¿ap-\n-cp-NytX (2.56)
"ZpxJ-Øn¬ a\ v Akz-ÿ-am-Im-Ø-h\pw, kpJ-Øn¬
B{K-l-an-√m-Ø-h\pw, Bk‡n, `bw, t{Im[w F∂n-h-
bn-√m-Ø-h\pw Bb Bsf ÿnX-{]-⁄-s\∂p ]d-
bp∂p.'
1312
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
ZpxJ-ßfpw t¢i-ßfpw aq∂p-X-c-Øn-ep≠v:-
1. B[ym-flnIw (hy‡n-]cw) ˛ ChnsS ZpxJ-Øn-\p≈
ImcWw \n߃ Xs∂-bmWv. DZm: {]ta-l-ap-s≠-
¶nepw \n߃ Ipsd a[pcw Ign-°p∂p, X¬^-e-ambn
hb-dn¬ Akp-J-ap-≠m-hp∂p. ChnsS ZpxJ-Im-cWw
\nß-fpsS hnth-I-c-ln-X-amb {]hr-Øn-bmWv.
2. B[n-`u-XnIw (hy‡n-Iƒ XΩn-ep-≈Xv) ˛ ChnsS,
\nß-fpsS ZpxJ-Øn\p ImcWw as‰m-cm-fmWv. DZm:
\nß-fpsS ho´n¬ I≈-∑m¿ tamjWw \S-Øp∂p;
\nßsf tXƒ Ip-Øp∂p F∂n-ßs\.
3. B[n-ssZ-hnIw ({]Ir-Xn-t£m-`-߃) ˛ `qIºw
ImcWw \nß-fpsS hoSpw kzØpw \in-°p∂p. sh≈-
s∏m°w, kp\man XpS-ßn-bh \mi-\-jvS-ß-fp-≠m-
°p∂p.
Zpcn-X-ßfpw t¢i-ßfpw D≠m-°p∂ Np‰p-]m-Sp-Iƒ
\ap°v \nb-{¥-Wm-[o-\-a-s√∂p ImWmw. `K-hm≥ ca-W-
a-l¿jn, {iocm-a-Ir-jvW-]-c-a-lw-k¿, am B\-μ-abn
XpS-ßnb alm-flm-°ƒ t]mepw A¥y-Im-eØv ITn-\-
tcm-K-_m-[n-X-cm-bn-cp∂p. IpSpw-_-Øn¬ acWw, [\-
\jvSw F∂nh kw`-hn-°p∂p. \ap-°-hsb XS-bm-\m-hp-
∂n√. F∂m¬ \ap°v Ahsb Imcy-am-sb-Sp-°msX
DZm-ko-\-`mhw ]pe¿Øm\pw Aßs\ kzÿ-Nn-Ø-cm-
bn-cn-°m\pw Ignbpw. kpJ-Zpx-J-ß-sf√mw Xmev°m-en-I-
amWv, h∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-h-bmWv. Ahsb kln-°m≥ \mw
]Tn-°Ww. kpJ-Zpx-J-ß-fm¬ _m[n-°-s∏-SmsX Ahsb
ka-Nn-Ø-X-tbmsS t\cn-Sp∂ Hcmƒ Aa-c-Xz-Øn-\¿l-
\m-bn -Øo-cp∂p F∂v c≠m-a-[ym-b-Øn¬ `K-hm≥
1514
t\csØ ]d-™n-´p≠v (2.15). ZpxJßsf Ah-K-Wn-°-
W-sa-∂Xp a\- n-em°mw; F∂m¬, Pohn-X-kp-J-߃
A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xn¬ F¥mWv sX‰v? kpJm-\p-`-h-Øn¬
a\p-jy\v el-cn-]n-Sn-°p∂p, acym-Z-tbmSp IqSnb \√
s]cp-am‰w, kZm-Nm-c-\n-b-a-߃ F∂n-hsb Ah≥ Ah-
K-Wn-°p∂p. c≠m-a-Xmbn, kpJm-\p-`hw IqSpw-tXmdpw
AXn-\p≈ B{Klw IqSn-°qSn hcn-Ibpw Ah km[n-
°m≥ GXp- h-gnbpw kzoI-cn-°m≥ Ah≥ Xøm-dm-hp-
Ibpw sNøp∂p. B{Klw km[n-®n-s√-¶n¬ Ah≥
t{Im[-h-i-K-\m-hp∂p. Ch-sb√mw ImcWw Ahs‚
a\ v Akz-ÿhpw Aÿn-c-hp-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p. \ap°v
e`n-°p∂ kpJ-Zpx-J-߃ hmkvX-h-Øn¬ a\- ns‚
`mh\, k¶ev]w, am{X-amWv; Ah kXy-a√.
hr≤-\mb Hcp hyh-kmbn D≠m-bn-cp∂p. Hcp cm{Xn,
Xs‚ Aº-Xp-sIm√w ]g-°-ap≈ ^mIvSdn sI´nSw Xo
]n-Sn®p \in-°p-I-bm-sW∂v Abmƒ I≠p. ^mIvSdn
C≥jq¿ sNbvXn-cp-∂n√. A{]-Xo-£n-X-amb Cu B]-
Øn¬ Abmƒ Ic-™p-Xp-Sßn. At∏m-gmWv, A∂p-
cmhnse B ̂ mIvS-dn-bpsS hnev]-\bv°v G¿∏mSv sNbvXn-
cp∂p F∂pw, Hcp ktlm-Z-c≥ hnev]-\-hn-e-bv°p≈
sN°p-hm-ßm≥ t]mbn-cn-°p-I-bm-sW∂pw Abm-fpsS
aI≥ h∂p ]d-™Xv. AXp-tI´v hr≤≥ k¥p-jvS-\mbn
\rØw sh®p-Xp-Sßn. Aev]-k-a-b-Øn-\p-≈n¬ c≠m-
asØ aI≥ h∂v, ^mIvSdn hmßm≥ \n›-bn® Bƒ
a\ p am‰n-sb∂pw sN°p Xcm≥ hnk-Ω-Xn-®p-sh∂pw
]d™p. ho≠pw hr≤≥ hne-]n-®p-Xp-Sßn. Cu kabw
apgp-h≥ ^mIvSdn IØp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
hkvXpX. F∂m¬ hr≤≥ BZyw ZpxJn-X-\mbn; ]ns∂,
^mIvSdn hn‰p F∂p hnNm-cn®v k¥p-jvS-\mbn; ho≠pw,
hnev]\ \S-∂n√ F∂-dn™v ZpxJn-X-\mbn. At∏mƒ,
^mIvS-dn-bm-bn-cp-∂n√ Abm-fpsS kpJ-Ønt\m ZpxJ-
Ønt\m ImcWw. kpJ-Zpx-J-߃ amdn amdn h∂Xv
k¶ev]w, Hcp Nn¥, -am-{X-am-bn-cp∂p.
DZm-l-c-W-ambn thsdmcp IY-bp≠v. {Kma-hm-kn-I-
fmb cma\pw IrjvW\pw kvt\ln-X-∑m-cm-bn-cp∂p. Ah¿
`mKyw tXSn hntZ-iØp t]mbn. {Kma-Øn¬ Ah-cpsS
ho´p-Im¿°v Ah-sc-∏‰n hnh-c-sam∂pw In´n-bn-cp-∂n√,
F∂m¬, Xß-fpsS a°ƒ [mcmfw [\w kºm-Zn-°p-∂p-
≠mhpw F∂p hnNm-cn®v Ah¿ kt¥m-jn®p. ]Øp
-sIm-√-Øn-\p-tijw AtX {Kma-Øn¬ \n∂v tKmhn-μ≥
F∂p ]d™ bphmhv AtX ÿe-tØ°p t]mhp-I-bm-
bn-cp∂p. cma-t‚bpw IrjvW-t‚bpw ho´p-Im¿ Abm-tfmSv
Xß-fpsS a°sf I≠v hnh-c-a-dn-bn-°-W-sa∂v ]d-t™-
ev]n®p. tKmhn-μ≥ cmas\ I≠p; hntZ-iØp h∂v
Xma-kn-bmsX IrjvW≥ acn-®p-sh∂v At∏mƒ cma≥
Abm-tfmSp ]d™p. Xs‚ hym]mcw \∂mbn \S-°p-∂p-
s≠∂pw GXm\pw amk-߃°p-≈n¬ Xm≥ \m´n-te°p
aS-ßp-I-bm-sW∂pw cma≥ Iq´n-t®¿Øp. tKmhn-μ≥
t\csØ aSßn. BcmWv acn-®-sX∂v Abmƒ°v IrXy-
ambn Hm¿Ω-bn-√m-Xmbn. AXp-sIm≠v cmas‚ A—-t\mSv
cma≥ ]t≠ acn-®p-sh∂pw IrjvWs‚ A—-t\mSv
IrjvW≥ [\n-I-\mbn ASpØpXs∂ Xncn-®p-h-cp-sa∂pw
]d™p. Xosc hmkvX-h-hn-cp-≤-am-bn-cp∂p CXv. cma≥
Pohn-®n-cn-∏p-≠m-bn-cp∂p; F∂m¬, Abm-fpsS ho´n¬
cma≥ acn-®p-sh∂v hnNm-cn®p henb hnem-]-am-bn-cp∂p.
IrjvW≥ ]t≠ acn-®n-cp∂p; F∂m¬ Xß-fpsS aI≥
[\n-I-\mbn DSs\ Xncn-s®-Øp-sa-∂m-in®v ho´p-Im¿
B\μ-`-cn-X-cm-bn-cp∂p. kPo-h-\mb cma≥ Xs‚ ho´p-
Im-cpsS ZpxJ-Ønt\m, arX-\mb IrjvW≥ Abm-fpsS
ho´p-Im-cpsS kt¥m-j-Ønt\m hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Imc-W-
°m-cm-bn-cp-∂n√.
AXp-sIm≠v kpJ-Zpx-J-߃ am\-kn-Im-h-ÿ-Iƒ
am{X-amWv; Ahbv°v Imc-W-ambn hmkvX-h-Øn¬ H∂p-
an√. kz¥w a\- ns\ C°mcyw t_m[y-s∏SpØn kpJ-
Zpx-J-߃ AXns\ _m[n-°m-Xm°mw. Aßs\ a\- n\v
kzÿhpw ÿnc-hp-ambn h¿Øn-°m≥ km[y-amhpw.
kpJ-Zpx-Jm-\p-`-h-߃ Al-¶m-csØ ˛ \ap°v
\ΩpsS ico-c-hp-am-bp≈ XmZm-fly-t_m-[sØ ̨ B{ibn-
®n-cn-°p∂p F∂p ImWmw. \msa√mw Bflm-hmWv; Htc
Bflm-hmWv F√m ico-c-ß-fnepw h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv. F√m
_ƒ_p-I-fnepw Htc sshZypXn hym]n-®n-cn -°p∂p;
F∂m¬, _ƒ_n\p kw -̀hn-°p-∂-sXm∂pw sshZyp-Xnsb
_m[n-°p-∂n√. AXp-t]mse Bflm-hn\v ico-c-hp-ambn
Hcp _‘-hp-an√. AXp-sIm≠v, Hc-SpØ _‘p-hns‚
acWw-t]mse ZpxJ-Øn-\p- Im-c-W-amb ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-Iƒ
ico-c-tØmSp _‘-s∏-´-h-bmWv; _‘p-°ƒ°v ico-c-
tØm-SmWv _‘w, Bflm-hn-t\m-S√. \mw hmkvX-h-Øn¬
BcmWv F∂-dn-bm-Ø-XmWv kpJ-Zpx-J-߃s°√mw
ImcWw. Kpcp-hn¬ \n∂pw imkv{X-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw {_“-
⁄m\w ˛ Bfl-⁄m\w ˛ kn≤n-®m¬ kpJ-Zpx-J-߃
\sΩ _m[n-°mØ Ahÿ e`y-amIpw.
1716
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
cmK ˛ tZzj ˛ `b-߃
ÿnX{]⁄-Xbv°v FXn-cmb ]n∂sØ {][m-\
-L-SIw aqs∂Æw H∂n-®p-tN¿∂-XmWv ̨ cmK, ̀ b, t{Im[-
߃. cmKw (Bk‡n) AXn-s\-Xn-cmb tZzjw (shdp∏v)
F∂ LS-I-tØbpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂p. Hcp]t£ tZzjw
cmK-tØ-°mƒ _e-s∏-´-Xmhmw.
Hcn-°¬ Ahn-hm-ln-X-bmb Hcp [\n-I-bp-hXn Nne
km[-\-߃ hmßp-∂-Xn-\mbn Aßm-Sn-bn¬ t]mbn.
t]bn-f-Inb Hcp ]´n AhnsS sh®v Ahsc ISn®p. km[\-
߃ hmßm≥ hfsc ka-b-sa-SpØp. Ah¿°v hfsc
Akzmÿyw tXm∂n. Ah¿ Ipd-®-I-se-bp≈ Ah-cpsS
tUmIvS-dpsS ho´n-te°v Imtdm-Sn-®p-t]mbn. tUmIvS¿
Ahsc ]cn-tim-[n-®-tijw, kabw hfsc sshIn-sb∂pw
hnjw Ah-cpsS ico-c-Øn¬ ]c∂p Ign™p F∂pw
]d-™p. GXm\pw aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ°p-≈n¬ Ah¿ Hcp
]´n-sb-t∏mse Ipc-bv°m\pw Bfp-Isf ISn-°m\pw
XpSßpw; AXp -sIm≠v At±lw Ah¿°v Xs‚
Hky-sØ-gp-Xm≥ Ipd®p IS-em pw t]\bpw FSp-Øp-
sImSpØp. Ah¿ t]PpIƒ \ndsb Fgp-Xn-Øp-Sßn.
A¤p-X-s∏´ tUmIvS¿ AXn-s\-∏‰n At\z-jn®p. Xm≥
Hcp ]´n-sb-t∏mse s]cp-am-dn-Øp-S-ßn-bm¬ ISn-t°-≠-
Xmb, Xm≥ shdp-°p∂, Bfp-I-fpsS ]´nI Fgp-Xp-I-
bmWv F∂v Ah¿ ]d™p. ChnsS tZzjw cmK-tØ-°mƒ
i‡n-a-Øm-sW∂p ImWmw. `ojva¿, t{ZmW¿ XpS-ßnb
Xs‚ Kpcp-°-∑m-tcmSpw ktlm-Z-c-Xp-ey-cmb a‰p _‘p-
°-tfmSpw D≈ cmKw-aq-e-amWv A¿÷p\\v Xs‚ I¿Ø-
hy-sØ-∏‰n ˛ bp≤w sNbvXv Ahsc h[n-°-Wtam,
AtXm, bp≤-Øn¬ \n∂v ]n∑m-d-Wtam, F∂v ˛ Bi-b-
°p-g-∏hpw at\m-hn-{`-ahpw D≠m-bXv. thsd Bsc-¶n-ep-
amWv bp≤k∂-≤-cmbn X\n-s°-Xnsc \n∂n-cp-∂Xv
F¶n¬ Ahsc s\mSn-bn-S-bn¬ h[n-°p-∂-Xn\v At±-l-
Øn\v Hcp hnj-ahpw tXm∂p-am-bn-cp-∂n√.
cmhW≥ bp≤-°-f-Øn¬ acn®pInS-°p-tºmƒ
hn`oj-W≥ Aev]w AIse DZm-ko-\-\mbn \nev°p-I-
bm-bn-cp∂p F∂v hmevaoIn cmam-b-W-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂p.
At∏mƒ {iocm-a≥ At±-l-tØmSv cmh-Ws‚ A¥y-
I¿Ω-߃°p≈ G¿∏m-Sp -Iƒ sNøm≥ ]d-bp∂p.
ImcWw, i{Xp acn-®p-I-gn-™m¬ ]ns∂ i{XpX Ahkm-
\n-°Ww.
`b-amWv a\- ns\ Akz-ÿ-am-°p∂ thsdmcp
LSIw. ssZzX-`m-h-\-bmWv `b-Øn-\p- Im-cWw F∂v
D]-\n-j-Øp-Ifpw `mK-h-Xhpw ]d-bp∂p. \mw Hmtcm-cp-
Øcpw A\y-cn¬ \n∂pw `n∂-cmb hy‡n-I-fmWv F∂v
Nn¥n-°p∂ Ime-tØmfw a‰p hy‡n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw
hkvXp-°-fn¬ \n∂pw `b-ap-≠mhpw. Htc `K-hm≥ Xs∂-
bmWv ]e cq]-ß-fn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. kn\n-a-bn¬
Htc \S≥ Xs∂ Hcp bm{Xn-I-\m-bn´pw Abmsf hgn-
bn¬sh®v B{I-an-°p∂ sIm≈-°m-c-\m-bn´pw A`n-\-bn-
°p∂p F¶n¬ B¿ Bsc `b-s∏-SWw? Cub-Sp-Ø-
ImeØv `K-hm≥ ca-W-a-l¿jnsb I≈-∑m¿ B{i-a-
Øn¬ sh®v B{I-an-°p-Ibpw ASn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp
F∂pw At±lw \n¿`-b-\mbn AhnsS \n∂p F∂pw \mw
tI´n-´p≠v. B I≈-∑msc t]meo-kp-Im¿ ]nSn®v At±-l-
Øns‚ apºn¬ sIm≠p-h∂p; F∂m¬, At±lw Ahsc
1918
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ hnk-Ω-Xn®p. _mw•q-cnse Xncp®n kzman-
I-fpsS Poh-Ncn-{X-Ønepw CØcw Hcp kw`hw hnh-cn-
°p-∂p≠v. At±lw sNdp-∏-Øn¬ {ioe-¶-bn¬ sh®v Hcp
aZw s]m´nb B\sb shdpw t\m´w sIm≠v sacp-°p-I-
bp-≠mbn. AXv P\-Øn-c-°p≈ Hcp ÿeØv \nb-{¥-
W-an-√msX ]m™v Ipsd _p≤-`n-£p-Isf B{I-an-°p-
sa∂ ÿnXn-bn-em-bn-cp∂p. `bsØ Pbn-°p-hm≥ c≠p
hgn-I-fp≠v. H∂v, Htc Bflm-hmWv F√m ico-c-ß-fnepw
hkvXp-°-fnepw hym]n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂pw Bflm-hn¬
\n∂p- `n-∂-ambn, AXn\v tZmjw hcp-Øp-∂-hn[w, temI-
Øn¬ H∂p-an-s√∂pw Adn-bpI. c≠m-a-tØXv ̀ ‡n-am¿§-
amWv ˛ Htc Cuiz-c-\mWv F√m cq]-ß-fmbpw {]Xy-£-
s∏-Sp-∂Xv F∂-dn-bp-Ibpw Cuiz-c≥ k¿ΔZm Xs∂
c£n°pw F∂v Dd-∏mbn hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI.
`mKhXw ]d-bp∂p:
`bw ZznXo-bm-`n-\n-th-iXx kymXv
Cuim-Z-t]-Xky hn]-cytbmfkvarXnx
X∑m-b-bmtXm _p[ B`-tPØw
`ss‡y-I-tbiw Kpcp-tZ-h-Xmflm (11.2.37)
(Cuiz-cs\ hnkva-cn® a\p-jy\v Bfl-t_m-[-ap-≠m-hn√.
X∑qew, Abmƒ°v tZlm-`n-am-\hpw, AXn¬ \n∂v icoc-
tØmSv _‘-s∏´ hkvXp-°-fn¬ B{K-lhpw Bk-
‡nbpw D≠m-hp∂p. AtXmsS Ah -\-jvS-s∏-Sptam
F∂pw Xm≥ acn-°ptam F∂pw D≈ ̀ bhpw D≠m-hp∂p.
CsX√mw Cuiz-cs‚ amb-bpsS {]h¿Ø\w aqe-amWv.
AXp-sIm≠v hnth-I-ap≈ a\p-jy≥ Kpcp-hnepw tZh-X-
I-fnepw k¿Δ Pohn-I-fnepw Cuizc km∂n[yw I≠-
dn™v ]q¿Æ-`-‡n-tbmsS Cuiz-cs\ tkhn-°Ww.)
t{Im[w Ima-Øns‚ Hcp ̀ mKw Xs∂-bm-b-Xp-sIm≠v
\mw Ahsb H∂n-®mWv ]cn-K-Wn-®n-´p-≈Xv. B{K-l-
]q¿Øn-bn¬ XS- -ß-fp-≠m-hp-tºmƒ \mw t{Im[-h-i-K-
cm-hp∂p. t{Im[-h-i-K-\mb a\p-jys‚ a\ v Ießn
adn™v Xm≥ sNøp-∂Xpw ]d-bp-∂Xpw F¥m-sW∂v
Abmƒ°-dn-bm-Xm-hp∂p. ]d-bm≥ ]mSn-√m-Ø-Xp- ]d™v
Abmƒ°v ]n∂oSv ]›m-Ø-]n-t°≠n hcpw. ]e sIme-
]m-X-I-ßfpw \S-°p-∂Xv t{Im[-Øn\p hg-ßn-bn-´mWv.
hmevao-In-cm-am-bWw kpμ-c-Im-fi-Øn¬ t{Im[-Øns‚
tZmj-ß-sf-∏‰n l\p-ams‚ Hcp \o≠ at\m-K-X-ap≠v.
e¶-bn-ep≈ koXm-tZ-hn°pw B]-Øp-]-‰n -tb°mw
Ft∂m¿°msX, Xm≥ t{Im[-h-i-K-\mbn Btem-N-\-bn-
√msX e¶- ap-gp-h≥ Zln-∏n-®-Xn-s\-∏‰n At±lw Nn¥n-
°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. cmK˛`b˛t{Im[-ß-fpsS ]nSn-bn¬ \n∂v
tamN\w {]m]n-°msX Hcmƒ°v ÿnX-{]-⁄X ssI
h-cn-I-bn√.
ip`m-ip-̀ -ß-fn¬ kaXzw
ASp-Ø-Xmbn `K-hm≥ ]d-bp∂p.
bx k¿Δ-{Xm-\-`n-kvt\lx
Xج {]m]y ip`m-ip`w
\m`n-\-μXn \ tZzjvSn
Xky-{]⁄m {]Xn-jvTnXm (2.57)
‘H∂nepw Bk-‡n-bn-√msX, X\n°p ip`-I-c-ß-fmb
Imcy-ßsf A`n-\μn-°m-sXbpw Aip-`-I-c-ß-fm-b-hsb
shdp-°m-sXbpw h¿Øn-°p-∂-hs‚ {]⁄ ÿnc-am-bn-
Øo-cp∂p.’
2120
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
CØcw Hcm-ibw AjvSm-h-{I-Ko-X-bnepw ImWmw:
ip`m-ip-t`- hn-lm-bmkvam˛
Zl-amtk bYm-kpJw (13.7)
"CXp \√-XmWv, CXp NoØ-bmWv F∂ Nn¥-bp-t]-
£n®v Rm≥ kpJ-ambn Ign-bp∂p.'
GXv Bk-‡nbpw A[ym-fl-]p-tcm-K-Xn°v XS- -
amWv. Cu hnjbw t\csØ ]cn-K-Wn®p Ign™p. A\p-
Iq-e-am-b-Xns\ {]iw-kn-°-cpXv, {]Xn-Iq-e-am-b-Xns\ \nμn-
°p-Ibpw AcpXv F∂pw Cu KoXm-t«m-I-Øn\v A¿∞w
]d-bp-∂p≠v. Hcp I¿ΩsØ, AYhm, hy‡nsb {]iw-
kn-°pI; AXp-t]mse, F¥n-s\-sb-¶nepw \nμn-°pI,
As√-¶n¬ Dt]-£n-°pI ˛ Ch-c≠pw ths≠-∂p
-sh-°Ww. \√Xp Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ {ian-°p-tºmƒ
\n߃ thsdm-cm-fpsS, AYhm, hkvXp-°-fpsS ta∑tbm,
KpWtam, tZmjtam t\m°n-s°m-≠n-cn°pw. CXv t`Z
Nn¥°pw H∂n-t\mSv {]tXyIw B\p-Iqeyw ImWn-°p-
∂-Xn\pw hgn-sh-°p∂p. kw`-hn-°p-∂-sX¥pw Cuiz-c≥
ap≥Iq´n \n›-bn-®-Xmb Hcp {]]-©-\m-S-I-amWv. \√Xpw
NoØ-bp-sa√mw At±-l-Øns‚ C—. NoØ-bm-sW∂p
\ap-°p- tXm-∂p-∂-Xns\ \nμn-°p-∂Xv B ]q¿Æ-X-bpsS
C—sb hna¿in-°p-I-bm-bn-cn°pw. AsX√mw a\- ns\
Akz-ÿ-am-°p∂p. `mK-hXw ]d-bp∂p.
\ Ipcym∂ htZXv In©nXv
\ [ymtbXv km[z-km-[phm
Bflm-cmtamf\bm hrXym
hnN-tcXv PU-h-∑p\nx (11.11.17)
"Fs¥-¶nepw \√-Xm-sWt∂m NoØ-bm-sWt∂m Nn¥n-
°-cpXv, ]d-b-cpXv, sNø-cpXv. ap\n (⁄m\n) Bflm-hn¬
Øs∂ can-®p-sIm≠v PU-s\-t∏mse BN-cn-°Ww.'
C{μn-b-kw-baw
CXp-h-sc-bmbn `K-hm≥ a\- ns‚ ÿncX ]pe¿
Øp-hm≥ aq∂p Imcy-߃ ]d™p. 1) Ima-\-Iƒ
XyPn°pI; 2) kpJ-Zpx-J-ß-fn¬ {]Xn-I-cn-°msX Bflm-
hn¬Øs∂ kwXr-]vX-\mbn h¿Øn-°pI; 3) cmKw, ̀ bw,
t{Im[w F∂nh Dt]-£n-°pI. C\n `K-hm≥ C{μnb
kwbaw F∂ \mem-asØ LS-IsØ ]cm-a¿in-°p∂p:
bZm kwl-ctX Nmbw
Iq¿tΩm fMvKm\oh k¿Δix
C{μn-bmWn C{μn-bm¿t∞`yx
Xky-{]⁄m {]Xn-jvTnXm (2.58)
"Ba Xs‚ AwK-ßsf F√m-bn-SØp\n∂pw D≈n-te°p
]n≥h-en-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse, Xs‚ C{μn-b-ßsf Ah-bpsS
hnj-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂v ]n≥h-en-°p∂ BfpsS {]⁄ ÿnc-
am-bn-cn°pw.'
C{μn-b-ßsf Ah-bpsS hnj-b-ß-fn¬ hym]-cn-°m≥
hnS-cpXv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, Hcp ]pcp-js‚ Imcy-Øn¬,
hfsc \∂mbn hkv{Xw [cn® Hcp kv{Xosb \nc-Øn¬
sh®p I≠m¬ DSs\ \nß-fpsS IÆp-Isf ]n≥Xn-cn-
°pI; As√-¶n¬, \nß-fpsS a\ v B hy‡n-bm¬
BI¿jn-°-s∏-t´°mw; AYhm, \nß-fpsS ]Xv\n°v
AØcw Hcp hkv{Xw hmßn-s°m-Sp-°m≥ B{K-l-ap-≠m-
2322
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
tb°mw. Aßs\ AXv \nß-fpsS a\- ns\ Akz-ÿ-
am°pw. AXp-t]mse, \n߃ hgn-bn¬ \S-°p-tºmƒ Hcp
IS-bn¬ \n∂v AXy¥w hj-fmb ]m´p-Iƒ tI´p-sh-∂n-
cn-°s´; DSs\ AØcw ]m´p-Iƒ tIƒ°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v
{ih-tW-{μn-bsØ ]n≥h-en-°Ww. Ah \nß-fpsS
a\ n¬ B ka-bØpw, ]n∂oSv Ah-bpsS Hm¿Ω
hcp-tºmgpw, NoØ kwkvIm-c-߃ D≠m°pw. hgnsb
t]mIp∂ Hcp Ba Fs¥-¶nepw XS w I≠m¬ DSs\
AXns‚ Xebpw Imep-Ifpw ]pd-wtXm-Sn-\p-≈n-te°p
]n≥h-en°pw. AtX-t]mse, \mw cq]w, i_vZw, ckw,
kv]¿iw F∂n-ßs\ GsX-¶nepw C{μn-b-hn-j-b-hp-ambn
_‘-s∏-Sm≥ CS-h-∂m¬ DSs\ IÆv, sNhn XpS-ßnb
AXm-Xn-{μn-b-ßsf B hnj-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂v ]n≥h-en-
°Ww; As√-¶n¬ Ah B ka-bØp am{X-a√, B
hnj-b-kv]¿i-߃ ImcWw D≠mb kwkvIm-c-ß-fm¬
]n∂oSpw, Akz-ÿ-amhpw.
_p≤-`-K-hm-s‚-b-SpØv ]Øp-sIm√w ]Tn-®p-sIm-≠n-
cp∂ Hcp `n£p kwLwhn´v tZim-S\w sNbvXv [¿Ωw
{]N-cn-∏n-°-W-sa∂v B{K-ln-®p-ht{X. bm{X]d-bp∂
ka-bØv At±lw _p≤-t\mSv Fs¥-¶nepw D]-tZiw
X\n°v \evI-W-sa∂v At]-£n®p. _p≤≥ ]d™p:
"GsX-¶nepw kv{Xosb I≠m¬ Ahsf t\m°msX
IÆp-Isf ]n≥Xn-cn-°Ww.' _p≤s‚ {]nb injy-\mb
B\-μ≥ tNmZn®p: "`K-h≥, Ct±-l-Øn\v at‰-bmƒ
kv{XobmtWm ]pcp-j-\mtWm F∂-dn-bp-∂-Xn\v icn-bmbn
t\m°t≠?' _p≤≥ ]d™p: "icn, ImWp-∂-Xnepw
sX‰n√. ]t£, Hcn-°epw Hcp kv{Xosb sXm´p-t]m-I-
cpXv.' ho≠pw B\-μ≥ ]d™p: "Hcp kv{Xo sh≈-Øn¬
apßn-®m-hp-I-bm-sW-¶nepw `n£p Ahsf c£n®p
Icbv°p sIm≠p-h-tc≠; As√-¶n¬, Hcp kv{Xo hgnbn¬
t_m[w sI´p-In-S-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ `n£p Ah-fpsS
t_m[-£bw am‰m≥ {ian-t°≠, F∂mtWm Aßp
]d-bp-∂Xv?' _p≤≥ ho≠pw Btem-Nn®p ]d™p:
"icn. CØcw {]tXyI ]cn -Xx -ÿn-Xn -I -fn¬ B
hy‡nsb sXmSp-∂-Xn¬ tZmj-an√. F∂m¬, Hcp Imcyw
{i≤n-°Ww. Ft∏mgpw ]q¿Æ-t_m-[-h-\m-bn-cn-°Ww.'
Ba hgn-bn¬ F¥n-s\-sb-¶nepw I≠m¬ DSs\
Xs‚ ]pdw-tXm-Sn-∂p-≈n-te°v hen-bp∂p. CXpXs∂-
bmWv Hcp km[-I\pw sNtø-≠Xv. hnjw Ign-®m¬
am{Xta Hcp-hs\ sIm√p-∂p≈q; F∂m¬ hnj-b-߃,
Ahsb I≠m¬, As√-¶n¬, kv]¿in-®m¬Øs∂ Hcp-
hs\ (B[ym-fln-I-ambn) sIm√p∂p F∂v i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿
hnthI-Nq-Um-a-Wn-bn¬ ]d-bp∂p. Aßs\, Ba a\-
ns‚ ÿnc-X-bpsS {]Xo-I-amWv. `mK-h-X-Øn¬ tZhm-
kp-c-∑m¿ AarXp e`n-°m-\mbn ]mem-gn- I-S-bp∂ IY-
bp≠v. IS-tIm-embn D]-tbm-Kn® aμ-c-]¿ΔXw h√msX
CfIn apßm≥ XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ `K-hm≥ Ba-bpsS
cq]-sa-SpØv (Iq¿Ωm-h-Xmcw) aμ-c-]¿Δ-X-Øn\v Dd®
Xmßmbn \n∂p.
hn´p-t]m-Im≥ hnj-a-amb hnj-b-ckw
ITn-\-tcmKw _m[n® Hcmƒ°v Blmcw, As√-¶n¬,
BI¿j-I-ß-fmb a‰v hkvXp-°ƒ F∂nh ImWp-tºmƒ
Xmev]cyw tXm∂p-∂n√; Abm-fpsS C{μn-b-߃ \nb-{¥n-
2524
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
X-ß-fmWv. Abm-fpsS {]⁄ ÿnc-am-sb∂v CXn-\¿∞-
apt≠m? C√. C{μn-b-߃ {]Xym-lr-X-ß-fmWv; cq]w,
ckw, kv]¿iw, K‘w, i_vZw F∂o hnjb-ß-fm-Ip∂
Blmcw Ahbv°p e`n-°p-∂n√ F¶nepw hnj-b-ß-tfm-
Sp≈ am\-knIkwKw (Bk‡n) A{X Ffp-∏-Øn¬
hn´p-t]m-Ip-∂n√. `K-hm≥ t\csØ ]d-™Xpt]mse,
Cu Bk‡n Dt]-£n-°p-∂Xv Bh-iy-amWv. `K-hm≥
XpS¿∂p ]d-bp∂p:
hnj-bm- hn-\n-h¿Øt¥
\ncm-lm-c-ky- tZ-ln\x
ck-h¿Pw ctkmf]yky
]cw-ZrjvSzm \nh¿ØtX (2.59)
"Hcmƒ Xs‚ C{μn-b-ßsf hnj-bm-\p-`-h-Øn¬ \n∂v
Xosc AI-‰n-\n¿Øp-tºmƒ, XyPn-°-s∏´ B hnj-b-߃
amdn \nev°p∂p F¶nepw, hnj-b-ß-fn-ep≈ kq£va-amb
cpNn, As√-¶n¬ kpJm-\p-`-h-Øns‚ kwkvImcw, \ne-
\n-ev°pI Xs∂ sNøp∂p. ]c-a-k-XysØ km£m¬°-
cn-°p-tºmƒ Cu kq£va-amb ckhpw Xosc hn´p-am-dp∂p.'
GXp km[-I\pw Pohn-X-Øn¬ Nne hnj-b-kp-J-
߃ A\p-`-hn-®n-cn°pw. t\c-sØ-bp-≠mb B kpJm-
\p-`-h-Øns‚ ckw a\- n¬ AXns‚ kwkvIm-csØ
Df-hm-°p∂p. Imbw kq£n-®n-cp∂ `c-Wn-bn¬ \n∂v
Imbw apgp-h≥ FSp-Øp-am-‰n-bmepw B aWw _m°n
\nev°p∂p. AXp-t]mse, \mw Ba-sb-t∏mse C{μn-b-
ßsf hnj-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂v ]n≥h-en®v H∂pw ImWp-Itbm
aW-°p-Itbm kv]¿in-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂n-s√-¶nepw B
hnjbm-\μw, ckw, a\- n¬ AXns‚ ap{Z ]Xn-∏n-°p∂p.
Hcp \nan-j-t\-csØ _‘w, £Wn-I-amb Hcp t\m´w
AYhm kv]¿iw aXn AXns‚ ckw a\- n¬ Ahtijn
∏n°m≥.
Hcp IY-bp≠v. c≠p bph-k-\ym-kn-am¿ H∂n®p bm{X
sNøp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. Ah¿°v hgn-bn¬ Hcp ]pg IS-°m-
\p-≠m-bn-cp∂p. ]pg-bn¬ Ac-hsc sh≈-ap≠v. kpμ-cn-
bmb Hcp bphXn ssII-fn¬ \ndsb kmam-\-ß-fp-ambn
AhnsS \n∂n-cp∂p. Ahƒ°v A°-c-bn-ep≈ ̀ ¿Xr-Krl-
Øn¬ t]mIWw. Fßs\ ]pg-I-S-°p-sa∂v Nn¥n-®p
-\n-ev°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Ahƒ. kmcn \\™p hrØn-
tISm-hmsX `¿Xr-Kr-l-Øn-se-Ø-W-sa∂v Ah-fm-{K-
ln®p. {]mbw Ipd™ k∂ym-kn-tbmSv Ahƒ Xs∂bpw
kmam\-ß-tfbpw \\-bmsX A°sc FØn-°m≥ At]-
£n®p. At±lw Ahsf klm-bn®p. at‰ k∂ymkn
AXr-]vXn-tbmsS AXp t\m°n\n∂p. c≠p k∂ym-kn-
amcpw ]pg-bpsS adp-I-c-bn¬ Hcp k{X-Øn¬ cm{Xn
Xmakn®p, B kv{Xosb ssIbn-se-SpØv adp-I-sc-sb-
Øn-®Xp-aqew {_“-N-cy-{hXw ewLn® k∂ymkn F¥p
henb sX‰mWv sNbvXXv F∂m-bn-cp∂p apXn¿∂
k∂ymkn hfsc t\cw Nn¥n-®Xv. cmhnse At±-l-Øn\v
Xs‚ AXr]vXn {]I-Sn-∏n-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ km[y-a-√m-Xmbn.
At±lw bph-k-∂ym-kn-tbmSv B kv{Xo°v hfsc `mc-
ap≠m-bn-cp-∂pthm F∂p tNmZn®p. At±lw ]d™p:
"Rm≥ Ahsf GXm\pw \nan-j-߃ am{X-amWv hln-
®Xv. F∂m¬ cm{Xn apgp-h≥ Ahsf a\- n¬ hln-®p-
sIm-≠n-cp∂ Aß°v A°mcyw IqSp-X¬ Adn-tb-≠-
XmWv.'
2726
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
hnj-b-߃ a\- n¬ Ahtijn∏n°p∂ ckw
hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Ah-bn-ep≈ Bk‡n Xs∂-bmWv. Cu
kq£va-amb Bk-‡nbpw t]mIWw. ]c-a-k-XysØ,
"Rm≥ AXp-X-s∂-bmWv' F∂v km£m¬°-cn-°p-tºmƒ
am{Xta AXp t]mIq. Cu ]q¿Æ-km-£m¬°mcw ssIh-
cp-∂Xp-hsc Xm≥ hnj-b-ß-fpsS BI¿j-W-Øn¬
\n∂v XnI®pw ap‡-\m-sW∂v Bcpw hnNm-cn-°-cpXv. B
km£m¬°mcw e`n® Bƒ {_“-kz-cq-]-\mbn h¿Øn-
°p∂p. Xm≥ e£y-Øn-seØn F∂p Nn¥n-°m≥ At±l
-Øn\v Hcp {]tXyI hy‡nXzw Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂n√.
hnj-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂v AI∂p\n∂-Xp-sIm≠p am{X-
am-bn√, hnj-b-ß-fn-ep≈ Bk‡n ˛ ckw ˛ IqSn C√m-
Xm-IWw, As√-¶n¬ AXv a\- ns\ Akz-ÿ-am°pw.
C°m-cy-Øn¬ \nc-¥-c-amb PmK-cq-IX Bh-iy-amWv.
Bfl-km-£m¬°mcw e`n-°p-∂-Xn\v F√m Bk-‡n-I-
tfbpw hmk-\-I-tfbpw D∑q-e\w sNø-W-sa∂v Hcp
hiØpw, Bfl-km-£m¬°mcw e`n-®mte Ah icn°pw
C√m-Xm-hp-I-bp≈q F∂v adp-h-iØpw ]d-bp-∂Xv Hcp
hnj-a-hr-Ø-am-hp∂p. km[-\-bpsS L´-Øn¬Øs∂,
kz]-cn-{iaw sIm≠pw Kpcp-hn-t‚bpw Cuiz-c-t‚bpw Ir]-
sIm≠pw an° Bk-‡n-I-tfbpw C√m-Xm-°Ww; C√m-
Xm-°m≥ km[y-amWv. k’wKw, a{¥-P]w, ]c-am-flm-hn-
t\mSv, As√-¶n¬, \ΩpsS CjvS-tZ-h-X-tbmSv sNøp∂
{]m¿∞\ F∂nh \ap°v AXy¥w D]-Im-c-{]-Z-amWv
F∂mWv Fs‚ kz¥w A\p-`hw. B kXy-h-kvXp-hns\
Bflm-sht∂m, ]c-am-flm-sht∂m, inh-s\t∂m, hnjvWp-
sht∂m F¥p- t]cp hnfn-®mepw, AXns\ `mh\
sNøp-∂Xv AItØm ]pdtØm BsW-¶nepw, B
t_m[w \ΩpsS Bflm¿∞-amb {]m¿∞-\bv°v {]Xn-
I-cn-°p∂p. km[-\m-L-´-Øn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw XS- tam
kwi-btam ImWp-tºmƒ {]m¿∞-\-sIm≠v Ahsb
\o°m≥ Xo¿®-bmbpw km[n°pw. C°m-cy-Øn¬ F\n°v
]e A\p-`-h-ßfpw D≠m-bn-´p≠v. Xo{h-amb km[-\-
sIm≠v a\ v Bflm-hn¬ Dd-®p-I-gn-™m¬ hmk-\-I-
sf√mw \ma-dn-bmsX Xs∂ £bn®p XpSßpw. km[-\-
Iƒs°√mw tijhpw Ah-ti-jn-°p∂ kq£va-amb
ckw {]h¿ØI-am-hmsX _oP-cq-]-Øn¬ InS°pw; \mw
kZm PmK-cq-Icm-bn-cn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬, Aev]-amb hnj-b-
kv]¿iw sIm≠p-t]mepw AXv {]h¿Ø-I-am-sb-∂-hcpw.
C{μn-b-ß-fpsS i‡n
C{μn-b-kw-baw IqSmsX ÿnX-{]-⁄-X-bpsS
kmcamb kayKv Z¿i\w, icn-bmb ⁄m\w, D≠m-hn√.
CXmWv `K-hm≥ C\n ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂Xv:
bX-tXm-ly]n Iut¥b
]pcp-j-ky -hn-]-›nXx
C{μn-bmWn {]am-Yo\n
lc¥n {]k`w a\x (2.60)
Xm\n k¿ΔmWn kwbay
bp‡ BkoX aXv]cx
hti -ln- b-tky-{μn-bmWn
Xky-{]⁄m {]Xn-jvTnXm (2.61)
"tl A¿÷p\m, hnth-In-bmb Hcmƒ hfsc ]cn-{i-
an -°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw, C{μn-b-߃ AXn-i-‡-ßfpw
2928
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
Abmsf Atß-b‰w ]nSn-®n-f-°m≥ Ign-hp-≈-hbpw
Bb-Xp-Im-cWw, Ah a\- ns\ _e-ambn (Bfl-[ym-\-
Øn¬ \n∂v) hgn sX‰n-°p∂p.
a\- ns\ F√m ka-bØpw Cuiz-c-\n¬ ̀ ‡n-]q¿Δw
\n¿Øn C{μn-b-ßsf ]q¿Æ-ambn kwb-a\w sNbvXp-
sh-°p∂ hy‡n-bpsS {]⁄- ÿn-c-am-sW∂v ]d-bp∂p.'
C°mcyw t\csØ ]d-™-Xm-sW-¶nepw `K-hm≥
AXns‚ {]m[m\yw ChnsS FSp-Øp-]-d-bp-I-bmWv. c≠m-
a-[ymbw 68-˛mw t«mI-Øn¬ `K-hm≥ ho≠pw C{μn-b-
kw-b-a-Øns‚ Bh-iy-sØ-∏‰n ]d-bp-∂p≠v.
km[-\-bpsS Hcp L´-Ønepw hnj-b-ß-tfmSv
X\n°p≈ BI¿jWw C√m-Xmbn F∂v km[-I≥
hnNmcn-°-cpXv. C{μn-b-߃ kabw ImØn-cn-°p∂p.
hmevao-In-cm-am-bW-Øn¬ hmevaoIn, amlm-fly-sa√mw
C√m-Xmbn. cW-̀ q-an-bn¬ acn-®p-In-S-°p∂ cmh-Ws\ I≠v
hne-]n-°p∂ atfim-Z-cnsb h¿Æn-°p-∂p≠v. atfim-Zcn
]d-bp∂p: "tl cmhWm, (X]- p-sN-øp∂ ImeØv) Aßv
C{μn-b-ß-sf-sb√mw Pbn-®n-cp∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv
Aßbv°v ss{Xtem-Iym-[n-]Xyw e`n-®Xv. C{μn-b-߃
]Icw ho´m≥ ImØn-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂p tXm∂p∂p.
AXp-sIm≠v Aßv Aev]w A{i≤ ImWn-®-t∏mƒ Ah
Aßbv°v Cu ITn-\-amb B]Øp hcpØn.' C{μn-b-ß-
fpsS taep≈ ]nSn \nan-j-t\-cw-t]mepw Ab-®p-hn-S-cpXv;
"km[-I-\mb Rm≥' C√m-Xmbn, "Rm≥ Fs‚ C{μn-b-
ßsf AS°n\n¿Øp∂p' F∂p hnNm-cn-°m≥ Bcpw
C√m-Xm-hp-∂-Xp-hsc km[\ XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°Ww.
hymk-a-l¿jn-sb-∏‰n Hcp IY-bp≠v. Hcp Znhkw
At±lw ssPan\n F∂ injy\v Xmsg ]d-bp∂ hcnIƒ.
hnh-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p.
_e-hm≥ C{μn-b-{Kmtam
hnZzmw-k-a]n I¿jXn
"C{μn-b-߃ hfsc i‡n-a-ØmWv. Ah Adn-hp-≈-hs\-
t∏mepw hen-®p-Xm-gvØp∂p.' ssPan\n B hcn-Isf i‡n-
tbmsS FXn¿Øv Ah Cß-s\-bm-h-W-sa∂p ]d™p:
_e-hm≥ C{μn-b-{Kmtam
hnZzmwkw Xp \ I¿jXn
"C{μn-b-߃ i‡n-a-Øm-sW-¶nepw Ahbv°v Adn-hp≈
Hcmsf hen-®p-Xm-gvØm≥ km[y-a√.' Xm≥ AXn-s\mcp
DZm-l-c -W-am -sW∂pw At±lw ]d™p. hymk≥
AXns\-Xncp ]d-™n√. B{iaw Hcp h≥Im-́ n-em-bn-cp∂p.
Hcn°¬ hymk≥ ssPan -\nsb B{i-a -Øn -em°n
GXm\pw-\mƒ Fhn-sStbm t]mbn. A∂p-cm{Xn ITn-\-
ambn ag-s]-bvXp-Xp-Sßn. GI-tZiw Hº-Xp-a-Wn°v Btcm
hmXn-en¬ ap´n. ssPan\n hmXn¬ Xpd-∂-t∏mƒ kpμ-cn-
bmb Hcp bphXn ag-sIm≠v hnd®v, hkv{X-ß-sf√mw
\\™v ico-c-Øn¬ H´n-∏n-Sn® \ne-bn¬ \nev°p-∂Xp
I≠p. ho´n-te-°p≈ hgn- sX-‰n-t∏m-b-Xp-Im-cWw A∂p-
cm{Xn AhnsS Xma-kn-°p-∂-Xn\v Ahƒ A\p-hmZw
tNmZn®p. Ah-fpsS kuμ-cy-Øn¬ apKv[-\mbn \n∂
ssPan\n Ahsf AIØv {]th-in-∏n®p. At±lw
Ahƒ°v DW-ßnb hkv{X-߃ sImSpØp. AIsØ
apdn-bn¬ Ahƒ°v InS-s∏m-cp°n At±lw IpSn-ens‚
]pdsØ hcm-¥-bn¬ InS∂p. Ah-fpsS kuμ-cy-sØ-
3130
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
∏‰n Nn¥n®v At±-l-Øn-\p-d-ßm≥ km[n-®n√. A¿≤-
cm-{Xn-bn¬ At±lw ]pc-∏p-d-Øp-I-bdn AhnsS Hcp
Xpf-bp-≠m°n B bph-Xn-bpsS apdn-bn-te°p NmSn.
Ahƒ Aº-c-s∂-gp-t∂‰p. ssPan\n Ahsf Benw-K\w
sNøm≥ {ian-®-t∏mƒ ssIbn¬ Bcp-sStbm XmSnaoi-
s]´p. apºn¬ \nev°p-∂Xv kpμ-cn-bmb bph-Xn-b√, Xs‚
hμy-Kpcp hymk-\m-sW∂p I≠p. At±lw \mWn-®p-
t]mbn. hymk≥ ]p©n-cn-tbmsS tNmZn®p: "\mw A∂v
N¿®-sNbvX hcn -Iƒ Xncp -Ø-W-sa∂v Ct∏mgpw
tXm∂p∂pt≠m?' ssPan\n ]d™p: "DΔv, Kptcm. ]t£
thsdmcp coXn-bn-emWv Xncp-tØ-≠Xv.
_e-hm≥ C{μn-b-{Kmtam
hnZzmwka]n I¿jXn I¿jXn I¿j-tXyh
_e-h-Ømb C{μn-b-߃ hnth-In-bmb Hcm-sf-
t∏mepw Xmtg°v hen-®p-sIm-≠p-t]m-hp-I-Xs∂ sNøp∂p.
\nc-¥c-amb CuizckvacW ˛ Bfl-kva-cW ˛ Xs∂-
bmWv AXns\ Pbn-°m-\p≈ hgn. \nß-fpsS a\ v
]q¿Æ-amb t{]a-tØmSpw `‡n-tbmSpw IqSn \nc-¥cw
Cuiz-c-\p-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°s´ ˛ Aßs\ \n߃
"bp‡'\mbn-Øo-cWw, Cuiz-c-\p-ambn H∂m-hWw.
KoX-bn¬ 6 -˛mw A[ym-b-Øn¬ 8-˛mw t«mI-Øn¬
"bp‡'s‚ \n¿h-N\w sImSp-Øn-´p≠v.
⁄m\-hn-⁄m-\-Xr-]vXmflm
IqStÿm hnPn-tX-{μnbx
bp‡ CXyp-NytX tbmKo
ka-tem-jvSmiva Im©\x
imkv{X-ß-fn¬ \n∂p e`n® Adn-hp-sIm≠pw Ahsb
A`y-kn-®-Xp-sIm≠v e`n-°p∂ A\p-̀ -hw-sIm≠pw kwXr-
]vX-\m-b-h\pw, AXy¥w ssÿcy-ap-≈-h\pw, C{μn-b-
kw-baw ssIh-∂-h\pw, Hcp]nSn aÆn-t\bpw kz¿Æ-
tØbpw Hcp-t]mse ImWp-∂-h\pw Bb hy‡n-bmWv
"bp‡≥'. {iocm-a-Ir-jvW-]-c-a-lw-k≥ Hcp ssIbn¬
kz¿Æ-\m-Wy-ßfpw at‰-Xn¬ Aev]w aÆpw FSpØv
c≠n-t\bpw KwK-bn-te°v "CXv s]m∂v, CXv aÆv' F∂p
]d™v Fdn-™-Xmbn ]d-bp∂p. temI-Øn-ep≈ Hcp
hkvXp-hn\pw, AXv atÆm s]mt∂m Bhs´, hne
-I-ev]n-°m-Xm-hWw F∂-XmWv Dt±iw.
kz]v\-Øn¬ \mw ImWp∂ B\bpw Nps≠-enbpw,
As√-¶n¬ Hcp hne-]n-Sn® tIm´pw Xqhm-ebpw kXy-
a-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠pw Ah-sIm≠v {]tXyIw {]tbm-P-\-
sam∂pw C√m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠pw Ahbv°v {]tXyIw
aqey-an√. AtX-t]mse, Hcp km[-I\v Cuiz-c-t\m-S-√msX
bmsXm-cm-I¿j-Whp-an√; Cuiz-c-\-√msX as‰m∂pw
hnes∏-´-X√; ImcWw, a‰p hkvXp-°-sf√mw kz]v\-
kam\w Ab-Ym¿∞-ß-fmWv. ChnsS, bp‡≥ F∂m¬
Cuiz-c-\n¬ ]q¿Æ-ambn GIm-{KX ]pe¿Øp∂ Hcmƒ
F∂m-W¿∞w. euIn-I-h-kvXp-°ƒ°p-]-Icw Cuiz-c
-\m-hWw Abm-fpsS t{]a-Øn\pw `‡n°pw Bkv]Zw.
k¿Δ-\m-i-Øns‚ hgn
ÿnX-{]-⁄X ssIh-cp-∂-Xn\v Bfl-kw-baw AXy-
¥m-t]-£n-X-amWv. AXp-sIm≠v `Khm≥ C{μn-b-kw-baw
C√mØ Hcmƒ°v h∂p-tN-cm-hp∂ hn]-Øn-s\-°p-dn®v
]d-bp∂p.
3332
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
[ymb-tXm-hn-j-bm≥ ]pwkx
kwK-kvtX-jq-]-Pm-btX
kwKmXv kwPm-btX Imax
ImamXv t{Imt[m f`nPm-btX (2.62)
t{Im[mXv `hXn ktΩmlx
ktΩm-lmXv kvarXn hn{`ax
kvarXn-{`w-imXv _p≤n-\mtim
_p≤n-\m-imXv {]W-iyXn (2.63)
"C{μn-b-hn-j-b-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂
Hcph\v Ah-bn¬ Bk‡n P\n-°p∂p. Bk-‡n-bn¬
\n∂v B{K-lhpw B{K-l-Øn¬ \n∂v t{Im[hpw D≠m-
hp∂p. t{Im[-Øn¬ \n∂v tamlw P\n-°p∂p. taml-
Øn¬ \n∂v kvarXn-\m-ihpw X∑qew _p≤n-\m-ihpw
D≠m-hp∂p. _p≤n-\m-i-Øm¬ Ah≥ ]q¿Æ-ambn \in-
°p∂p.'
BI¿j-I-amb Hcp hkvXp-hns\ ImWp-∂Xv,
Ak`y-amb Hcp ]m´p-tIƒ°p-∂Xv, Hcp bph-Xnsb
(kv{XobpsS Imcy-Øn¬, bphm-hns\) kv]¿in-°p-∂Xv
XpS-ßn-bh, B hnj-b-ß-sf-∏-‰n-Øs∂ Hm¿Øp-sIm-≠n-
cn-°pI, hnjb-h-kvXp-°-fn¬ \n∂p-≠mb kpJw Hm¿Øv
]q¿Δ-Im-esØ kvacn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pI F∂n-h-t]mse
A{X tZmj-I-c-a√. CØcw hnj-b-Nn-¥-sIm≠v Ah-bn-
ep≈ Bk‡n hf-cp∂p. CtX XØz-a-\p-k-cn®v, \nc-
¥cw Cuiz-cs\ kvacn-°p-Ibpw [ym\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-
sIm-≠n-cp-∂m¬ \ap°v Cuiz-c-\n¬ t{]a-ap-≠m-hp-Ibpw
Ah-km\w \mw Cuiz-c-\n¬ ebn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.
`mK-hXw ]d-bp∂p: "\nc-¥cw euIn-I-h-kvXp-°sf
Nn¥n®psIm-≠n-cp-∂m¬ a\ v Ah-bn¬ apgpIpw. Fs∂
(Cuiz-cs\) kZm kvacn-°p-∂-h≥ F∂n¬Øs∂
ebn°pw.'
hnj-bm≥ [ymb-X-›nØw
hnj-tbjp hnj-÷tX
ama-\p-kva-c-X-›nØw
atøh {]hn-eo-btX (11.14.27)
hnj-b-[ym\w am{X-a√ B{K-l-ß-fp-≠m-°p∂
Bk-‡n°p ImcWw; hnj-b-hp-ambn Ipd-®p-Imew
_‘w ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xp-Xs∂ Bk-‡n°p Imc-W-am-
hp∂p. \n߃°v ]m›m-Xy-kw-KoXw CjvS-a-s√-∂n-cn-
°s´; Hcp h¿j-°mew Znh-tk\ Ht∂m ct≠m aWn°q¿
AXp-tI-´p -sIm-≠n-cp -∂m¬ \n߃°-Xn-jvS-amhpw.
]∂n-Isf CjvS-a-s√∂p sh°pI; Hcp ]∂n-°p-´nsb
hmßn ho´n¬ hf¿Øp-Ibpw, Znh-tk\ Ipd-®p-k-abw
AXns‚ IqsS Ifn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬, hncq-]-sa∂p
Icp-Xnb B arK-tØbpw \n߃ kvt\ln®p XpSßpw.
AXv HmSn-t∏m-bm¬ \n߃°v AXns‚ A`mhw h√msX
A\p-`-h-s∏Spw.
GsX-¶nepw Ejn ITn-\-X-]- n¬ G¿s∏-´m¬, Xs‚
ÿm\w t\Sm-\mtWm At±lw Hcp-sº-Sp-∂Xv F∂v
C{μ≥ Bi-¶n-°p-∂-Xmbn ]pcm-W-ß-fn¬ ]e IY-Ifpw
ImWmw. At±lw AXp-sIm≠v kpμ-cn-am-cmb A]vk-c
p-Isf Ejn-bpsS apºn¬ \rØw sNbvXv a\w-a-b°n
At±-l-Øns‚ X]- p- ap-S-°m-\mbn Abbv°pw. Hcn-°¬
ku`cn F∂ al¿jn P\-k-º¿°w Hgn-hm-°m-\mbn Hcp
\Zn-bn¬ apßn AhnsS At\Iw h¿j-߃ kam-[n-bn¬
3534
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
Ign®p. Hcp Znhkw At±lw IÆp-Xp-d-∂-t∏mƒ ao\-
anYp-\-߃ Ip™p-ß-tfm-Sp-IqSn can-°p-∂-XmWv I≠Xv.
B Hscm‰ t\m´w sIm≠v Hcp I\y-Isb hnhmlw Ign®v
Ip´n-I-fp-ambn can-°p-hm≥ At±-l-Øns‚ a\- n¬ i‡n-
bmb B{Klw s]m¥n-h∂p. Zo¿L-Im-esØ Bfl-
kw-baw Hscm‰ \nanjw sIm≠v ]d-]-d∂p. At±lw
AhnsS \ns∂-gp-t∂‰p am‘mXm F∂ cmPm-hns‚
ASpØp-t]mbn Hcp I\y-Isb hnhm-l-Øn\p tNmZn®p.
Ima-Øns‚ Xs∂ IqS-∏n-d-∏mWv t{Im[w. t{Im[
-h-i-K-\m-hp-tºmƒ F¥mWv ]d-bp-∂Xpw sNøp-∂Xpw
F∂v t_m[-an-√m-Xm-hp∂p. Ah≥ {Ip≤-\m-hp-I-b√,
t{Im[w Xs∂-bm-hp-I-bmWv sNøp-∂Xv. A{X-am{Xw
t{Im[-hp-ambn H∂m-bn-Øo-cp∂p. aq∂mw A[ym-b-Øns‚
Ah-km-\-Øn¬ A¿÷p-\≥ IrjvW-t\mSv tNmZn-°p∂p:
"F¥n-\m¬ t{]cn-X-\m-bn-´mWv a\p-jy≥ ]m]w
sNøp-∂Xv? Ahs‚ a\x-km£n FXn-cmbn \nev°p--∂p-
s≠-¶nepw GtXm -]n-imNp _m[n-®m-se-∂-t]mse Ah≥
]m]w sNøp∂p.' I¿Ω-hm-k-\-°p -Im-c-W-amb ctPm-
KpW-Øn¬ \n∂p-≠m-hp∂ Imahpw t{Im[-hp-amWv
AØcw ]m]-I¿Ω-߃°p- Im-cWw; Ima˛t{Im[-߃
\ΩpsS alm-i-{Xp-°-fmWv F∂mWv IrjvWs‚ adp-]Sn.
(KoX 3.37)
Ima Gj t{Im[ Gj
ctPmKpWkapZv`hx
almit\m alm]m]vam
hnt≤y\anl sshcnWw (3.37)
Ima-t{Im-[-ß-fpsS Kuc-h-kz-`m-hhpw tZmj-^-e-
ßfpw a\- n-em-°n-bm¬ Ahsb t\cn´v \in-∏n-°p-∂-
sX-ßs\ F∂ {][m-\ -{]iv\w Db-cp∂p. aq∂m-a-[ymbw
41, 43 t«mI-ß-fn¬ `K-hm≥ AXn-\p≈ ]c-a-amb ]cn-
lmcw \n¿t±-in-°p-∂p≠v.
XkvamXv Xzan-{μn-bm-WymZu
\nbay `c-X¿j`
]m]vam\w {]Pln tly\w
⁄m\-hn-⁄m\ \mi\w (3.41)
Ghw _pt≤x ]cw _p≤zm
kwkvX-`ym-flm\w Bfl\m
Pln i{Xpw alm-_mtlm
Ima-cq]w Zpcm-kZw (3.43)
"AXp-sIm≠v \o BZyw C{μn-b-ßsf \nb-a\w sNbvXv
⁄m\-hn-⁄m-\-ßsf \in-∏n-°p∂ Cu ]m]nsb l\n-
°pI. Bfl-kw-b-a-tØmsS _p≤n-°-∏p-d-Øp≈ kXy-
h-kvXp-hns\ Adn™v, Pbn-°m≥ hnj-a-amb Ima-cq-]-
Øn-ep≈ Cu i{Xp-hns\ l\n-°pI.'
C{μn-b-߃°v Ah-bpsS hnj-b-tØm-Sp-ff _‘w
sIm≠mWv Imaw Db-cp-∂Xv. (DZm: aq°v akm-e-tZm-i-
bpsS aW-ta-ev°p∂p.) AXp-sIm≠v BZyw C{μn-b-ßsf
kwb-a\w sNøWw. Ah BI¿j-I-ß-fmb hkvXp-°-
fpsS he-bn¬s]S-cpXv. C{μn-b-߃ hnj-b-ß-sf-∏-‰n-
bp≈ hnhcw a\- n∂p sImSp-°p∂p; a\ v Ah-sb-∏‰n
Nn¥n-°m≥ XpS-ßp∂p. AXp-sIm≠v a\- ns\ B Nn¥-
I-fn¬ \n∂p hnSpØn Bfl-[ym-\-Øn¬ Dd-∏n-°Ww.
3736
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
a\ n\v ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ hnt£-]-ap-≠m-°p∂ ]e-Xcw
hnt\m-Z-ßfpw ]c-ky-ß-fp-ap≈ C°m-eØv Cu am¿§w
hnP-b-I-c-ambn kzoI-cn-°m≥ ]e¿°pw km[y-am-hn√.
B{K-l-߃, {]tXy-In®pw Ima-hn-Imcw, BWv F{X
km[\ sNbvXmepw km[-Is\ G‰hpw HSp-hn¬ hn´p-
t]m-Ip-∂Xv. hfsc hb- p-sN-∂mepw Ima-hn-Imcw
]pd-ta°p \nc-p]-{Z-h-amb coXn-I-fn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂p.
(]pcp-j-∑m-cpsS Imcy-Øn¬) bph-Xn-I-tfmSv kzIm-cy-ambn
kwkm-cn-°pI, Ahsc Xami ]d™v Nncn-∏n-°pI, A\p-
{K-ln-°m-s\-∂-t]mse Ah-cpsS Xe-bnepw Ihn-fnepw
sXm´p-X-tem-SpI CØcw ImgvN-bn¬ \ncp-]-{Z-h-I-c-amb
I¿Ω-ßsf "F´p-hn[w ssaYp-\-ß-fn¬' s]Sp-Øp∂p.
AXp-sIm≠v AØcw I¿Ω-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Hgn-™p-
\nev°Ww. Ima-hn-Imcw DW¿Øp∂ Nn{X-߃ ]e-
amkn-I-I-fnepw {]kn-≤o-I-cn®p ImWmw. AØcw amknI
Iƒ t\m°-cpXv. NoØ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ ImWn-°p∂ kn\nam
Xntb-‰-dp -Iƒ, Sn.hn. F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂pw AI∂p
\nev°Ww. ̀ £WImcy-Øn¬ KoX 17-̨ mw A[ym-b-Øn¬
hnh-cn-°p∂ cmPk ˛ Xmak `£-W-߃ Ign-°-cpXv.
(t«mIw 8, 9, 10).
Hcp t«mI-ap≠v:
hnizm-an-{X- ]-cmi-c-{]-`r-Xbx hmXmw_p ]¿Wm-i\mx
ZrjvSzm kv{Xoap-J-]-¶Pw kpe-fnXw Xss{Xh
tamlw KXmx
imey∂w LrX-Zp-Kv[-]m-b-k-bpXw tb `pwPtX am\hmx
tXjmw C{μn-b-\n-{Ktlm bZn `thXv hn‘y-kvX-tcXv
kmKcw
"hmbp, sh≈w, Ce XpS-ßn-bh `£n-®p- X-] psNbvX
hnizm-an-{X≥, ]cm-i-c≥ XpS-ßnb al¿jn-am¿ kpμ-cn-
am-cmb kv{XoIsf°≠v tamln-®p-t]mbn. s\øv, ]mev
XpS-ßnb t]mj-I-h-kvXp-°ƒ tN¿Ø Acn`£Ww
Ign-°p-∂-h¿°v C{μnb\n{Klw km[n-°m-sa-¶n¬ hn‘y-
]¿ΔXw kap{Zw IS∂v A°-sc-sbØpw.'
Bfl-[y-m\-Øn¬ GIm-{KX ]pe¿Øm≥ km[n-°m-
Ø-h¿ Kpcp-hn¬ \n∂p e`n® a{¥w Ign-bp-∂{X XhW
apS-ßmsX P]n-°p-Ibpw ]qPm-tlm-am-Zn-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-
Ibpw sNøWw. k’wKw sNøWw. Imaw Dƒs∏sS
F√m B{K-l-ßfpw C√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cm≥ \nXyhpw ̀ Khm-
t\mSv {]m¿∞n-°pI. {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ hfsc ^e-{]-Z-amWv.
]pcm-X-\cpw B[p-\n-I-cp-amb alm-flm-°-fpsS Poh-
Ncn{Xw hmbn-°pI. Ah¿°p-≠m-bn-cp∂ Xo{h-amb
CuizcZ¿i-\m-Imw£, Ah¿ A\p-jvTn® X]ky
XpS-ßn-bh \n߃°v {]tNm-Z\w \evIpw. Ah-km-\-
ambn, F∂m¬ hfsc {][m-\-ambn, Kpcp-Ir-] -thWw.
Kpcp-Ir] AXn-a-l-ØmWv, Hcn-°epw ]mgm-hm-Ø-XmWv.
{iocm-a-Ir-jvWs‚ Hcp {][m-\- in-jy≥ Hcn-°¬ At±l-
Øns‚ ASp-tØ-t°mSn, Ima-hn-Imcw Xs∂ s]s´∂v
B{I-an-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂p ]d™p. cma-Ir-jvW≥ At±l-
tØmSv \mhp-\o-´m≥ ]d™p; AXn¬ Ima-_o-P-amb ¢ow
F∂ _oPm-£cw FgpXn. AXn\v ImasØ C√m-Xm-
°m-\p≈ Ign-hp≠v. B injy\v ]ns∂ Imtam-]-{Zhw
D≠m-bn√.
I¿Ω-tbmKw, `‡n-tbmKw F∂n-ßs\ \mw A\p-
k-cn-°p∂ tbmK-am¿§w GXm-bmepw, A¥n-a-amb km[\-
3938
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
]q¿Æ-amb AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚ ip≤-t_m-[-Øn¬ h¿Øn-
°p-I-bmWv. ‘I am' F∂-XmWv B Ahÿ ˛ I (Rm≥)
F∂Xv ]q¿Æ-X-bmWv. AhnsS Bflmhv k¿Δ-hym-]-I-
amb AZz-b-{_-“-Øn¬ hne-bn-®n-cn-°p∂p. AXv km[-
\bpw (am¿§w) BWv, e£y-hp-amWv. imkv{X-߃ \n¿t±-
in-®n-´p-ff GXp am¿§hpw \sΩ B ]c-a-k-Xy-Øn-se-
Øn-°p-sa-∂Xv Xo¿®-bmWv.
ÿnX-{]-⁄≥ Xs∂ KpWm-Xo-X≥
KoX F√m tbmK-ß-fp-tSbpw Hcp kpμc ka-\z-b-
amWv. Cu ÿnX{]⁄-e-£-W-ß-sf√mw ⁄m\
(kmwJy) tbmK-Øns‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ \n∂p-≈-XmWv.
`K-hm≥ CtX hnjbw {]]-©-Øns‚ aqe-L-S-I-ß-fmb
kØzw, cP v, Xa v F∂o {XnKp-W-ß-fpsS ImgvN-
∏mSn¬ \n∂pw hnh-cn-°p-∂p≠v. ]Xn-∂memw A[ym-b-
Øns‚ A¥y-Øn¬ A¿÷p-\≥ KpWm-Xo -Xs\
Fßs\ Xncn-®-dnbmw, At±-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-coXn
F¥mWv, B Ahÿ Fßs\ {]m]n°mw F∂p tNmZn-
°p-∂p≠v. KpWm-Xo-Xs‚ hnh-cWw ÿnX-{]-⁄-t‚Xp
Xs∂-bm-sW∂v `K-hms‚ adp-]-Sn-bn¬ \n∂p ImWmw.
kaZpxJkpJx kzÿx
katemjvSmivaIm©\x
Xpey{]nbm{]ntbm [oc˛
kvXpey\nμmflkwkvXpXnx (14.24)
ka-Nn-ØX, kpJ-Zpx-J-ßsf ka-ambn ImWpI,
aÆn-t\bpw s]m∂n-t\bpw H∂p-t]mse Icp-XpI, CjvSm-
\n-jvS-߃ (cmK-tZz-j-߃) C√m-Xn-cn-°pI, \nμbpw
kvXpXnbpw Xpey-ambn Icp-XpI F∂n-h-bmWv KpWm-
Xo-Xs‚ {][m\ e£-W-߃. KpWm-Xo-X≥ kZm Bfl-
\n-jvT-\m-bn-cn-°Ww (kzÿ≥); hnjb-ß-fpsS ]n∂mse
t]mI-cpXv. c≠m-a-[ymbw 55, 56, 57 F∂o t«mI-ß-fn¬
hnh-cn® ÿnX-{]-⁄-e-£W-߃ Xs∂-bm-Wnh.
KpW-ß-fpsS kzm[o-\-Øn¬ \n∂v kzX-{¥-\mhp-tºmƒ
am{Xta Hcmƒ ap‡\pw Aa-c\pw Bhp-∂p≈q (14.20).
ÿnX-{]-⁄X F∂ Ahÿ "{_m“o-ÿnXn' ({_“-
Øns‚ Ahÿ) Xs∂-bm-sW∂pw A¥y-\n-an-j-Øn-se-
¶nepw AX-\p-`-hn-°p∂ Bƒ ap‡-\mbn ]c-a-k-XysØ
{]m]n-°p∂p F∂pw `Khm≥ ]d-bp-∂p≠v (2.72).
Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h≥ [\-k-ºm-Z-\-Ønepw hnj-b
-t`m-K-ß-fnepw Nne-hm-°n-b-tijw acW-i-ø-bn¬ sh®v
ÿnX-{]-⁄-\mhmw F∂p hnNm-cn-°p-∂Xv Akm-[y-
amWv. Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h≥ km[\ sNøWw, AXv
A¥y-\n-an-j-Øn¬ ̂ e-{]-Z-am-tb°mw; As√-¶n¬, ]q¿Δ-
P-∑-ß-fn¬ hfsc km[\ sNbvXn-cn-°Ww.
im¥n-am¿§w
`K-hm≥ XpS¿∂p ]d-bp∂p:
cmK-tZz-j-hn-bp-ss‡kvXp
hnj-bm≥ C{μn-ssb-›-c≥
Bfl-h-ssiy¿ hnt[-bmflm
{]kmZw A[n-K-—Xn (2.64)
"cmK-tZz-j-߃ IqSmsX, a\- n-\m¬ \nb-{¥n-X-ß-fmb
C{μn-b-ßsf hnj-b-ß-fn¬ Ncn-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xp-
sIm≠v a\p-jy≥ imiz-X-im-¥n-b-S-bp∂p.'
4140
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
CXp-hsc ]d-™-Xns‚ kmcw am{X-am-WnXv. \mw
temI-Øn-en-cn-°p∂ Ime-tØmfw Znhkw Ccp-]-Øn-
\mep-a-Wn-°qdpw IÆpw sNhnbpw AS®v bmsXmcp
hnjb-kv]¿ihpw IqSmsX Ccn-°pI km[y-a√. ^e-
a\p-`-hn-°msX I¿Ωw sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ipi-e-X-sb-∏‰n
KoX t\csØ ]d-bp-∂p≠v. AXp-t]mse, temI-tØmSpw
hnj-b-ß-tfmSpw CS-s]-Sp∂Xnepw Hcp Ipi-e-X-bp≠v.
\nß-fpsS apºn¬ h∂ptNcp∂ hnj-b-ß-fn¬ \nß-fpsS
C{μn-b-ßsf Ncn-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°pI; F∂m¬ Ah-tbm-
sSm∂pw cmKtam tZzjtam C√m-Xn-cn-°m≥ {i≤n-°pI.
]q¿Δ-hm-k-\-Iƒaqew \ΩpsS NnØ-Øn¬ ASn-™p-In-
S-°p∂ CjvSm-\n-jvS-ß-fpsS ̂ e-am-bp≈ cmK-tZz-j-߃
{]I-Sn-∏n-°msX AXv \njv]-£-amb hnj-b-kv]¿iw
am{X-am-bn-cn-°Ww. kz¿Æ-\m-Wy-ß-fp≈ Hcp ]W- ©n
Is≠-Øn-bm¬ AXv kz¥-am-°m-\mhpw kzm`m-hnI
t{]cW. Bcpw ImWmsX AXv kz¥-am-°Ww F∂
hnNmcw ImcWw a\- n¬ t£m`-ap-≠m-hp∂p. adn®v,
c‡w ]pc≠ Hcp ]gwXpWn Nhn-´n-sb∂p hcn-In¬
\ap°v Ad-∏p-tXm-∂p-Ibpw, sh≈hpw AWp-\m-in-\nbpw
D]-tbm-Kn®v Imep-I-gp-I-W-sa∂p tXm∂p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
CXpw a\- n¬ t£m`-ap-≠m-°p∂p. a\- ns\ kpÿn-c-
am-°n- \n¿Øp-∂-Xn\v hnjb-ß-fn¬ DZm-ko-\-cm-hp-Ibpw
CjvSm-\n-jvS-߃ IqSmsX F√m-‰n-t\bpw kzoI-cn-°p-
Ibpw sNøWw. C{μn-b-ß-tfbpw a\- n-t\bpw kwba\w
sNbvXp-sh-°p-tºmƒ a\- n\v im¥n ({]kmZw) D≠m-
hp∂p. ZpxJ-ß-sf√mw ian-°p∂p.
{io[-c-kzman "{]kmZw' F∂ hm°n\v im¥n F∂m-
W¿∞w sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv. {ioi-¶-c≥ AXns\
4342
{]k∂X, kzmÿyw F∂p hnh-cn -°p∂p. Nne¿
"kzmÿyw' F∂-Xn\v Bfl-\n-jvTX F∂v A¿∞w
sImSp-°p∂p; AXn-hnsS \∂mbn tbmPn-°p-∂n√ F∂m-
sW-\n-°p- tXm-∂p∂Xv.
65, 66 t«mI-ß-fn¬ `K-hm≥ {]kmZw, a\- ns‚
{]k-∂X, sIm≠v Fs¥¥p KpW-ß-fp-≠m-hp∂p F∂v
hnh-cn-°p∂p. a\ v {]k-∂-am-hp-tºmƒ F√m ZpxJ-ßfpw
AkvX-an-°p∂p, a\ v ZrVhpw kpÿn-c-hp-am-hp∂p
F∂v At±lw ]d-bp∂p.
{]kmtZ k¿Δ-Zpx-Jm\mw
lm\n-c-tkym-]-Pm-btX
{]k-∂-tN-Xtkm lymip
_p≤nx ]cy-h-Xn-jvTtX (2.65)
a\ v GIm-{K-am-hp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ B hy‡n°v (Abp‡≥)
Bfl-Z¿i-\-Øn¬ \n∂p-≠m-hp∂ ⁄m\w D≠m-hp-∂n√;
Abmƒ°v "`mh\'bpw C√. "`mh\' F∂-Xn\v {io[c
kzman "[ym\'sa∂pw {ioi-¶-c≥ "Bfl-⁄m-\m-`n-\n-
thiw' ˛ Bfl-⁄m-\-Øn-\p-ff Xo{h-amb BImw£
˛ F∂pw A¿∞w ]d-bp∂p. {io[-c-kzm-an-bpsS hymJym-
\-amWv IqSp-X¬ tbmPn-°p-∂-sX∂p tXm∂p∂p.
hgn-sX-‰n-°p∂ C{μn-b-ßfpw a\ pw
C{μn-b-ßfpw a\ pw IqSn a\- ns\ N©-e-am-°p-
∂-sX-ßs\ F∂mWv `K-hm≥ C\n hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv:
C{μn-bm-Wmwln NcXmw
b∑t\m f\phn[o-btX
XZky lcXn {]⁄mw
hmbp¿\m-h-anhmw`kn (2.67)
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
"C{μn-b-߃ hnj-b-ß-fn¬ k©-cn-°p-tºmƒ, \nb-
a\w sNø-s∏-SmØ a\ v Ahsb ]n¥p-S-cp-Ibpw, sh≈-
Øn¬ k©-cn-°p∂ tXmWnsb Im‰v ASn-®p-sIm≠p
t]mIp-∂Xpt]mse, Bflm-\m-fl-hn-th-I-Øn¬ \n∂p-≠m-
hp∂ ⁄m\sØ C√m-Xm-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.'
BZyw IÆp-Iƒ \s√mcp a[pckm[\w ImWp∂p;
a\ v IÆp-Isf A\p-K-an®v AX-\p-`-hn-°m≥ B{K-ln-
°p∂p. B a[pckm[-\-tØm-Sp≈ sImXn-Im-cWw, Xs‚
bP-am-\-\mb a\p-jy\v Ie-i-emb {]ta-l-ap-s≠∂pw
Abm-fpsS ssIh-i-ap≈ ]Ww Abm-fpsS tcmKn-bmb
AΩbv°v acp∂p hmßm≥ D≈-Xm-sW∂pw AXv
ad-°p∂p. a[pckm[\w hmßn Xn∂p∂ Nn¥ -am-{X-amWv
a\- n\v. \mw kZm Pm{KX ]pe¿Øn C{μn-b-ß-sfbpw
a\- n-s\bpw AS-°n-\n¿ØWw.
C{μn-b-kw-b-a-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw hnh-cn-®-tijw
`Khm≥ Cßs\ D]-kw-l-cn-°p∂p. "C{μn-b-ßsf F√m-
h-i-Øp-\n∂pw hnj-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂v ]n≥h-en-®m¬
am{Xta ÿnX-{]-⁄X ssIh-cn-I-bp≈q.'
Xkvam-Zyky alm-_mtlm
\nKr-lo-Xm\n k¿Δix
C{μn-bmWn C{μn-bm¿t∞`yx
Xky-{]⁄m {]Xn-jvTnXm (2.68)
ÿnX-{]-⁄\pw A⁄m-\n-Ifpw
ÿnX-{]-⁄≥ kZm ]c-a-k-Xy-sØ-°p-dn®v t_m[
hm-\mbn h¿Øn-°p∂p. F∂m¬ A⁄-X-bn-em≠ a‰p-
≈-h¿ B A‘-Im-c-Øn¬ apgp-In-°-gn-bp∂p. CXmWv
ASpØ t«mI-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv:
bm \nim k¿Δ-`q-Xm\mw
Xkymw PmK¿Øn kwbao
bkymw Pm{KXn `qXm\n
km \nim ]iytXm apt\x (2.69)
Xs‚ A[ymfle£y-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ ÿnX-{]-⁄≥
C{μn-b-ß-tfbpw a\- n-t\bpw AS°n kZm PmK-cq-I-\m-
bn-cn-°p∂p, F∂m¬ ]c-a-k-Xy-sØ-°p-dn®v A⁄-cmbn
`uXn-I-tam-l-ß-fn¬ IpSpßn°gn-bp∂ P\-߃°v
Bflmhv cm{Xntbm Ccpt´m BWv. A⁄-cmb euInI¿
`uXn-I-tem-I-Ønse hkvXp-°-fnepw kpJ-ß-fnepw
apgpIn-°-gn-bp-tºmƒ ⁄m\n-bmb ÿnX-{]-⁄≥ Ddßn-
bm-se-∂-t]mse Ah-bn¬ AXy¥w DZm-ko-\-\mWv.
At±-l-Øns‚ C{μn-b-߃ euIn-I-hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂v
]q¿Æ-ambpw ]n≥h-en-°-s∏-´-Xp-Im-cWw euInI hrØn-
I-fn¬ At±-l-Øn\v Aev]hpw Xmev]-cy-an-√m-Xm-bn-cn-
°p∂p. temI-Ønse em`-\-jvS-߃, hnj-b-ß-fn-ep≈
CjvSm-\n-jvS-߃ F∂nh kz]v\-Xpeyw At±-l-Øn\v
Xmev]cyw P\n-∏n-°m-Xm-hp∂p. C{μn-b-ßfpw a\ pw
{]h¿Ø-\-c-ln-X-ambn AI¿Ω-Wy-X-t]mse tXm∂n-
°p∂ kam-[y-h-ÿ-bn¬ temI-Øn\v Xmev]-cy-an√;
F∂m¬, ÿnX-{]-⁄≥ kam-[n-sb∂ C{μn-bm-XoX-amb
Ah-ÿ-bn¬ B\μw sIm≈p∂p.
Ima-ßsf Dƒs°m≠v Pbn-°m-\p≈ hgn
k¿Δ-tZm-j-ß-fp-tSbpw aqe-amb B{K-l-ßsf Dt]-
£n-°Ww F∂p ]d-™p-sIm-≠mWv `K-hm≥ ÿnX
4544
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
-{]-⁄-hn-h-cWw XpS-ßn-bXv. A°mcywXs∂ c≠p
t«mI-ß-fn¬ Bh¿Øn-®p-sIm≠v ̀ K-hm≥ B hnh-cWw
Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p∂p:
B]q-cy-amWw AN-e-{]-XnjvTw
kap{Zw B]x {]hn-i¥n bZzXv
XZzXv Imam bw {]hn-i¥n k¿tΔ
k im¥nam]vt\mXn \ Ima-Imao (2.70)
hnlmb Imam≥ bx k¿Δm≥
]pam≥ NcXn \nkv]rlx
\n¿Ωtam \nc-l-¶mcx
k im¥nw A[n-K-—Xn (2.71)
]e \Zn-I-fn-tebpw Pew \nc-¥cw h∂p hogp∂
kap-{Z-Øn¬ ho≠pw Pew \nd-™mepw AXv Ic-I-hn-
bmsX ÿnc-ambn \nev°p-∂-Xp-t]mse, BcpsS a\- n¬
Ima-߃ h∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂mepw Abm-fpsS kzÿX
\jvS-s∏-Sp-∂n-√tbm, AØcw Hcmƒ°v am{Xta im¥n,
AXmbXv, ap‡n, e`n-°p-I-bp≈q; Ima-߃ \nd™
Hcmƒ°v AXv e`y-a√. F√m B{K-l-ß-tfbpw XyPn®v,
bmsXm-cp-hn[w Bk-‡ntbm Al-¶m-ctam aa-Xtbm
IqSmsX, Ncn-°p∂ Hcp-h\v ]c-a-amb im¥n (ap‡n)
e`n-°p∂p.
a\p-jy\v Cu temI-Øn¬ Pohn-t°-≠-Xp≠v. Ah\v
euIn-I-hn-j-b-ß-tfmSv _‘-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m≥ km[y-a√.
Hcp ÿnX-{]-⁄≥ Cub-h-ÿ-bn¬ F¥p sNøpw?
AXp hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ ̀ K-hm≥ kap-{Z-Øns‚ DZm-l-cWw
]d-bp∂p.
Rm≥ \Zn-Xo-c-Øp-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ ]e I√p-Ifpw
\neØp InS-°p-∂Xp ImWp∂p. F∂m¬ Rm≥ Ahsb
]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂n√, Ah Fs‚ a\- n¬ Nn¥-I-sfm∂pw
D≠m-°p-∂n√. F∂m¬, Hcp kz¿Æ-®-ße AhnsS
InS°p-∂Xp I≠m¬ F\n-°p-Ss\ AXn¬ Xmev]-cy-
ambn; AXns‚ ASp-Øp-t]mbn t\m°m-t\m-Sp∂p; AXv
ssI°-em-°m≥ a\- n¬ B{Klw P\n-°p∂p. Fs‚
a\ v Akz-ÿ-am-hp∂p. CXn-\p-Im-cWw ]q¿Δ-Ime
]cnN-b-amWv apºp-≠mb CjvSm-\n-jvS-ß-fp-tSbpw cmK-
tZz-j-ß-fp-tSbpw hmk-\-Iƒ a\- n¬ ASn-™p-In-S-°p-
∂-XmWv. Nße I≠-t∏mƒ B hmk-\-Iƒ kPo-h-ambn
B{Kl-ß-fpsS cq]-Øn¬ {]I-S-am-hp∂p. AhnsS
InS°p∂ I√p-I-tfmSv F\n°v CjvStam A\n-jvStam C√.
Ah-bn¬ Rm≥ Xosc DZm-ko-\-\mWv. hnj-b-߃
a\ n¬ {]th-in-°p-∂Xv XS-bpI km[y-a√. F∂m¬,
kz{]-bXv\w sIm≠pw bp‡n-bp-‡-amb Nn¥-sIm≠pw
\n߃°-h-tbm-Sp≈ {]Xn-I-c -WsØ \nb-{¥n®v,
Ahsb a\- p-sIm≠p X≈p-Itbm sIm≈p-Itbm
sNømsX, DZm-ko-\-\mbn h¿Øn°mw. ZrV-a-\- p
-sIm≠v \nß-fpsS {]Xn-I-c-WsØ \nb-{¥n-°m≥
Ignbpw. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, \qdp-I-W-°n\p \Zn-Iƒ kZm
kap-{Z-Øn-te°v Hgp-In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p. IqSp-X¬ ag
s]bvtXm at‰m A[nIw sh≈w h∂p tN¿∂m¬ kap{Zw
Ic-I-hn-bp-∂n√. AXv ]g-b-Xp-t]mse AtX \ne-bn¬
h¿Øn-°p∂p. AXp -t]mse, hnj-b-߃ ÿnX-
{]⁄s‚ a\- nepw {]th-in-°p∂p, AXp XS-bm≥
Ignbn√. ]t£, hnj-b-ß-tfmSv CjvSm-\n-jvS-ß-fn-√mØ
4746
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
ka-Nn -ØX ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xp-Im-cWw At±-l-Øn\v
a\ ns\ \nb-{¥n®v hnj-b-ß-fpsS kzm[o-\-Øn¬ \n∂v
kzX-{¥-\mbn \nev°mw. At±-l-Øns‚ a\- n¬ Hcp
hn[-Øn-ep≈ cmK-tZz-j-ßfpw DZn-°p-∂n√. Aßs\,
i_vZ ̨ kv]¿i ̨ ck ̨ cq] ̨ K‘mZn hnjb-ßsf√mw
At±-l-Øns‚ a\- n¬ {]th-in®v bmsXmcp {]Xn-I-c-
Whpw D≠m-°msX ebn-®p-t]m-Ip∂p. CØcw Hcmƒ°v
]c-a-amb im¥nbpw B\-μhpw ssIh-cp∂p ˛ AXmWv
tam£w, ap‡n. B{Kl_≤-\mb Hcmƒ°v Cub-hÿ
Hcn-°epw ssIh-cn√.
ta¬ D≤-cn® c≠m-asØ t«mI-Øn¬ `K-hm≥ Hcp
Kpfn-I-bpsS cq]-Øn¬ Cuiz-c-km-£m¬°mcw ssIhcp-
Øm-\p≈ km[\ D]-tZ-in-°p∂p. AsXm-∂p-sIm-≠p-
am{Xw Hcmƒ°v e£y-Øn-se-Øm≥ km[n°pw.
c≠p-Xcw B{K-l-ß-fp≠v ̨ Ct∏mƒ X\n-°n-√mØ,
As√-¶n¬, th≠ am{X-bn¬ C√mØ, hkvXp-°ƒ
ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-≈Xv (A{]m-]vXky {]m]vXnx) DZm-
l-c-W-ambn, F\n-°n-t∏mƒ _mƒt]\-bn√, As√-¶n¬,
Hcp t]\-bp≠v, F∂m¬ AXp- t]m-cm-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v H∂p-
c-s≠Æw IqSn thWw. c≠m-asØ Xcw B{Klw,
Ct∏mƒ D≈-Xns\ kwc-£n®p \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn-\mWv.
AsXs‚ IqsS Ipsd-°mew tISp-h-cmsX \ne-\n-ev°W-
sa∂v Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂p. ("{]m]vXky kwc-£Ww').
Krl-ÿ\v hoSv, `mcy, Ip´n-Iƒ F∂n-h-tcmSv Bk-‡n-
bp≠v, ag-sImt≠m, `qIºw sImt≠m hoSn\v tISp-
]-‰pI, IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fpsS tcmKw, `mcy-bpsS acWw
F∂n-h-sb√mw Abm-fpsS a\- ns\ Akz-ÿ-am-°p∂p.
F∂p-X-s∂-b√, F¥p am¿§w Ah-ew-_n®pw Abmƒ°v
Ahsc kpJ-ambn t]m‰Ww ˛ AXv I≈-°-SØv, ssI
°qen F∂n-h-bm-bmepw kmc-an√ ˛ CsX√mw a\- ns\
Akz-ÿ-am -°p -∂-XmWv. Cu Bk‡n, AYhm,
B{Klw "kv]rl' F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂p. Ct∏mƒ ssIh-i-
an-√mØ hkvXp-°ƒ kºm-Zn-°m-\p≈ B{Klw "Imaw'
F∂pw.
ta¬∏-d™ B{K-l-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw aqe-Im-cWw
F¥mWv? \mw hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Bflm-hmWv; F∂m¬,
AX-dn-bmsX \ΩpsS ico-c-amWv \mw F∂v [cn-°p∂p.
CXv _ƒ_n-\p-≈nse sshZypXn Xm≥ _ƒ_m-sW∂v
hnNm-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bmWv. kzm`m-hn-I-ambn ico-csØ
"Rm≥' F∂p IcpXn kvt\ln-®p-Xp-S-ßp∂p; ico-c-
tØmSp _‘-s∏´ IpSpw-_mw-K-߃, hoSv, a‰p hkvXp-
°ƒ F∂n-h-tbm-sS√mw \ap°v kvt\lhpw Bk-‡nbpw
P\n-°p∂p. "Rm≥' hmkvX-h-Øn¬ k¿Δ-hym-]-Ihpw
t_m[-a-b-hp-amb Du¿÷-amWv; F∂m¬, AXv PU-
hkvXp-hmb ico-c-am-sW∂v sX‰n-≤-cn-°p∂p; AXn¬
\n∂mWv B{K-l-ß-sf√mw P\n-°p-∂Xv. B{Kl t{]cnX-
amb "Rm≥' kzbw I¿Øm-hm-sW∂v A`n-am-\n-®p-sIm≠v
B B{K-l-ßsf ]q¿ØoI-cn-°m≥ I¿Ω-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏
-Sp∂p. I¿Ω-߃ [m¿Ωn-Itam A[m¿Ωn-Itam Bhmw;
Ah-bn¬ \n∂v ]pWy-]m-]-߃ P\n-°p∂p; Ah-bpsS
^ew A\p-`-hn-°m-\mbn ho≠pw P\n-t°≠n hcp∂p.
Aßs\ "Rm≥' F∂ AlwImcw t`m‡m-hm-bn-Øo-cp∂p.
Aßs\, B{K-l-ßsf C√m-Xm-°m-\p≈ hgn
Alw-Im-csØ Dt]-£n-°p-I-bmWv; AXn\v I¿Ør-
4948
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
Xzhpw t`m‡r-Xzhpw aa-Xbpw Dt]-£n-°Ww. {][m-\-
ambn a\ n-em-t°-≠Xv CXmWv: {]Imiw sNmcn-bp∂
Hmtcm _ƒ_nepw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw sshZyp-X-i-‡n-
bn√. sshZypXn D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ b{¥-Øn¬ \n∂v ]pd-
s∏-Sp∂ ]q¿Æ-am-{X-bn-ep≈ sshZyp-X-i-‡n-bmWv F√m
_ƒ_p-I-fn-te°pw {]h-ln®v \ap°v {]Imiw Xcp-∂Xv.
AXn¬ Hcp {]tXyIw Awi-Øn\v Xm≥ I¿Øm-hm-
sW∂v A`n-am-\n-°m≥ km[y-a√. AXp-t]mse, Hmtcm
ico-c-Øn\pw Hcp {]tXy-I -hy-‡n-Xztam AlwIm-ctam
C√. temI-Ønse I¿Ω-ß-sf√mw Hcp ]q¿Æ-X-bpsS
`mK-amWv; Hmtcm ico-chpw, F√m ico-c-ß-fnepw hym]n-
®n-cn-°p∂ B ]q¿Æ-t_m-[-Øns‚ Akz-X-{¥hpw kzbw
{]h¿Ø\ -ti-jn-bn-√m-ØXp-amb D]-I-cWw am{X-amWv;
AXn-eqsS I¿Ωw sNø-s∏-Sp∂p F∂p-am{Xw. Aßs\,
Kpcp-hn¬ \n∂pw imkv{X-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw bmYm¿∞yw
a\ n-em°n, a\\w sNbvXv, hy‡n-I-fmb \ma√ \ne-
\n-ev°p-∂Xv, B ]q¿ÆX am{X-amWv F∂p t_m[y-
ambm¬ AlwIm-chpw aa-Xbpw C√m-Xmhpw. kap{Zw
sh≈-Øp-≈nsb Dƒs°m≠p Ign-™m¬ sh≈-Øp-≈n-
bpsS hy‡nXzw C√m-Xm-hp∂p; B{K-ln-°m≥ ]ns∂
Bcp-an√. Aßs\, Rm≥ F∂pw Ft‚-sX∂pw D≈
hnNmcw t]mbn B{Kl-ßfpw Bk-‡n-Ifpw C√m-Xm-
hp -tºmƒ B\-μhpw k¿Δ-_-‘-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw
tamN-\hpw A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂p.
D]-kw-lmcw
`K-hm≥ D]-tZ-in® AXy¥w kw{K-l-cq-]-Øn-ep≈
Cu km[-\-tb-°mƒ ap‡n°v IqSp-X¬ t\cmb hgn
thsd-tb-Xp≠v? KoX-bpsS kmcw apgp-h≥ Dƒs°m-≈p∂-
Xmbn Hcp t«mIw Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ Ft∂mSp ]d-bp-I-
bm-sW-¶n¬ Rm≥ bmsXmcp kwi-bhpw IqSmsX Cu
t«mIw Xnc-s™-Sp°pw. CXn-t\mSp _‘-s∏-́ -XmWv Cu
A[ym-b-Ønse Ah-km-\sØ t«mIw. AXn¬ KoXm-
am-Xm-hns‚ A\p-Iº Ic-I-hn-s™m-gp-Ip∂p:
Gjm {_m“oÿnXnx ]m¿∞
ss\\mw {]m]y -hn-ap-lyXn
ÿnXzmkymw A¥-Imte f]n
{_“-\n¿Δm-W-ar-—Xn (2.72)
[ym\-t«m-I-Øn¬ KoXsb "AΩ' F∂p hnfn-°p-
∂Xv kXy-amWv (Aw_ Xzmw A\p-kwZ-[man ̀ K-hZvKotX
`h-tZz-jnWn). ̀ uXnItemI-Ønse kpJ-Zpx-J-߃ A\p-
`-hn®p Pohn-°p-Ibpw A¥y-\n-an-j-Øn¬ tam£w thW-
sa∂v AXn-bmbn B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cpsS
ÿnXn-sb-¥mWv? DZm-l-c-W-ambn ]co-£n-Øp -alm
cmPm-hns\ t\m°mw. Ggp-Zn-h-k-Øn-\Iw acn-°p-sa∂v
Adn™ At±-l-Øn\v tam£-{]m-]vXn-°mbn Xm≥ F¥p
sNø-W-sa∂v Adn-bm≥ AXy¥w B{K-l-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p.
KoXm-am-Xmhv taep-≤-cn® t«mI-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂p: PohnX-
Øns‚ A¥y-\n-an-j-Øn-se-¶nepw F√m B{K-l-ß-
tfbpw Bk-‡n-I-tfbpw Dt]-£n®v, Rms\∂pw Ft‚-
sX-∂p-ap≈ hnNmcw IqSmsX, Ccn-°m-sa-¶n¬ Abmƒ°v
]c-a-amb {_“m-hÿ {]m]n°mw; AhnsS \n∂v ]ns∂
taml-Pm-e-Øn-te°v hogn√. k’wKw, {]m¿∞\,
Cuizc-Ir] F∂n-h-bpsS ^e-ambn ac-W-i-ø-bn-ep≈
Hcmƒ F√m B{K-l-ß-tfbpw _e-ambn Dt]-£n®v,
5150
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
tUmIvS¿am¿, acp-∂p-Iƒ, ASpØv \nev°p∂ _‘p-°ƒ
F∂n-hsc Ah-K-Wn®v Cuiz-c\v ]q¿Æ-ambn Bfl-
k¿∏Ww sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Abmƒ°v 71-˛mw t«mI-
Øn¬ ]d™ \n_-‘-\-Iƒ ]q¿Æ-am-°m≥ km[n°pw.
CXv Akm-[y-a√. Rm≥ Xs∂ CØcw kw`-h-߃
I≠n-´p≠v. Fs‚ Hcp bph-kp-lrØv, Kp]vX, aod-‰n¬
Hcp _m¶n¬ tPmen sNøp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. At±-l-Øn\v
ASn-b-¥n-c-ambn c‡w sImSp-°p-∂-Xn-∂p-th≠n Hcp
cm{Xn Z¬ln-bn-te°v Imdn¬ sIm≠p-t]m-hp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p.
At±-l-Øns‚ IqsS Imdn¬ Hcp kzman-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂p.
Kp]vX ]n≥ko-‰n¬ InS-°p-I-bmWv. thsdmcp Imdn¬
At±-l-Øns‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°fpw, \mep-sIm√w apºv
hnhmlw Ign® `mcybpw c≠p-h-b- mb Ip´nbpw t]mIp-
∂p≠v. ]IpXn hgn°p sh®v Kp]vX Imdv \n¿Øm≥
]d™p. At±lw Imdn¬ Fgp-t∂-‰n-cp∂p. Xs‚ IqsS-
bp≈ _‘p-°-fmcpw Ac-a-Wn-°q¿ t\c-tØ°v Xs‚
kao-]Øv hcmsX t\m°m≥ IqsS-bp≈ kzman-tbm-S-t]-
£n®p. B kzman-tbmSpw ss{Uh-tdmSpw Imdn¬ \n∂n-
dßn Aev]w AIse \nev°m≥ ]d™p. At±lw
Imdn-∂p-≈n¬ [ym\-Øn-en-cp∂v Ccp-]Xp an\n-´n-∂p-≈n¬
icoc-ap-t]-£n®p. Fs‚ Adn-hn¬, Kp]vX, {iocm-a-
IrjvW `‡-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Imcy-ambn km[-\-
sbm∂pw sNbvXn-cp-∂n√. At±lw Hcp km[m-cW
Krlÿ PohnXw \bn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. A¥y-k-a-b-sØ-
¶nepw, Xm≥ ]c-a-kXyw Xs∂-bmWv, k¿Δ-hym-]-I-amb
ip≤-t_m-[-amWv, ico-c-hp-ambn X\n-s°mcp _‘-hp-an√
F∂ Dd® t_m[-ap-≠m-bm¬ AlwIm-ctam B{K-l-
ßtfm D≠m-hn√. \nß-fpsS B{K-l-ß-sf√mw Hcn-°epw
^en-°m≥ t]mhp-∂n√ Ft∂m¿°pI. \n߃ Bkq
{XWw sNbvX ]cn-]m-Sn-I-sfms° A{]-Xo-£n-X-amb
ImcW-ß-fm¬ XI-cm-dm-bn-t∏m-hp∂p. {]kn-≤-cmb cmPohv
Km‘ntbm, {]kn-U‚ v sI∂-Untbm X߃ s]s´∂p
sIm√-s∏-Sp-sa∂v Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw {]Xo-£n-®pthm?
PohnX-amsI Hcp \mS-I-amWv. AXnse hcn-Iƒ ]t≠
Fgp-Xn-°-gn-™n-cn-°p∂p. \nß-fpsS Pohn-X-Ønse Hmtcm
kw`-hhpw Cuiz-c-\m¬ \n›n-Xhpw \nb-{¥n-X-hp-amWv.
A¥y-\n-an-j-Øn-se-¶nepw Cuiz-c\v Bfl-k-a¿∏Ww
sNøpI. \n߃°v a\- ns\ thW-sa-¶n¬ Cuiz-c-\n¬
\n¿Ømw; As√-¶n¬ temI-Øn¬ \n¿Ømw ̨ \n߃°-
Xn¬ ]q¿Æ kzmX-{¥y-ap≠v. B A¥y-\n-an-j-Øn¬ Hcp
i‡n°pw ]W-Øn\pw _‘p-°ƒ°pw kplr-Øp-
°ƒ°pw \nßsf klm-bn-°m-\m-hn√. Cuiz-c≥ am{X-
amWv Htc-sbmcp Dd-∏p‰ B{ibw. AXy¥w GIm-{K-X-
tbmsS Cuiz-cs\ kvt\ln-°pI; Cuiz-c-t\mSv {]m¿∞n-
°pI. At∏mƒ {]m¿∞n-°m≥ km[n-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬
a\ p-sIm≠v "am, am' Ft∂m, "{]t`m, {]t`m' Ft∂m,
"cma, cma' Ft∂m, thsd GsX-¶nepw CjvS-ap≈ \matam
Dcp-hn-SpI. AXpw km[y-a-s√-¶n¬ Cuiz-c-\maw AYhm,
{]m¿∞\, Bh¿Øn-°p∂ Hcp tS∏v sdt°m¿U¿ {]h¿
Øn-∏n-°m≥ G¿∏mSv sNøpI. ̀ ‡n-am¿§-Øn¬ {]h¿Øn
-°p∂ km[-I-∑m¿°v Cu Bfl-k-a¿∏-W-amWv ]c-a-amb
km[\. CXmWv `K-hm≥ 18-˛mw A[ym-b-Øn¬ 65, 66
t«mI-ß-fn¬ D]-tZ-in-°p-∂Xv.
5352
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
a∑\m `h aZv`t‡m aZym-Po amw \a-kvIpcp
amtasshjykn kXyw tX {]Xn-Pmt\ {]ntbmfknta,
k¿Δ-[¿Ωm≥ ]cn-Xy-Py -am-taIw icWw {hP
Alw Xzm k¿Δ-]m-t]t`ym tam£-bn-jyman am ipN.
Cu c≠p t«mI-ßfpw c≠m-a-[ymbw Ah-km-\-Ønse
c≠p t«mI-ßfpw HgnsI KoX- ap-gp-h\pw a‰p imkv{X-
{K-Ÿ-ßfpw \jvS-s∏-´mepw, a\p-jy-cm-insb apgp-h≥
B\-μ-Øns‚ ]c-tIm-Sn-bn-se-Øn-°m≥ Ch am{Xw aXn.
t\cmb hgn F√m-h¿°pw G‰hpw efn-X-amb hgn-
bm-h-W-sa-∂n√. kc-f-amtWm k¶o¿Æ-amtWm F∂Xv
a\- ns‚ ]q¿Δ kwkvImcw A\p-k-cn®v Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-
tSbpw hy‡n-]-c-amb A\p-`-h-amWv. ]e¿°pw Ah-cpsS
Ct∏m-gsØ hnizm-k-ßsf AXn-{I-an-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-
°mØ Nne am\-knI XS- -߃ D≠mhmw. Ah¿°v
AlwIm-csØ Pbn-°m-\p≈ hgn k’wKw, Kpcp- X∂
a{¥w P]n-°¬, [ym\w, ]c-am-flm-hn¬ \n∂v A`n-∂-amb
CjvS-tZ-h-X-tbm-Sp≈ Bflm¿∞-amb {]m¿∞\, Kpcp-
hnt∂m Cuiz-ct∂m ]q¿Æ-amb Bfl-k-a¿∏Ww F∂n-
h-bmWv. CXpsIm≠v Ah-km\w Al-¥-tbbpw aa-X-
tbbpw Dt]-£n-°m≥ km[n°pw; AtXmsS B{K-l-ß-
sf√mw A‰p-t]mIpw. hnP-b-Øn-\p≈ ]c-a-amb D]m[n
Cuiz-c-Ir], AYhm, KpcpIr]-bmWv. F√m tbmK-ß-
fnepw, km[\ F¥p-X-s∂-bm-bmepw, CXv kmam-\y-\nba-
amWv. CXv s]s´∂v FhnsS \nt∂m s]m´n-ho-gp∂ H∂√.
kz{]-bXv\w sIm≠pw Cuizc (Bfl) km£m¬°m-c-
Øn-\p≈ Xo{h-amb BImw-£-sIm≠pw ssIh-cp∂
H∂mWv Cu Ir].
⁄m\-am¿§-Øn¬ ÿnX-{]-⁄≥ F∂p ]d-bp∂
hy‡n-sb-Øs∂ ]Xn∂memw A[ym-b-Øn¬ KpWm-Xo-
X-\mbn hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p. ̀ ‡n-am¿§-Øn¬ Ch-sc-Øs∂
Cuiz-cs‚ {]nb-`-‡-cmbn ]d-bp∂p. {]nb-`-‡s‚ KpW-
߃ Xmsg hnh-cn-°p-∂-h-bmWv (]{¥≠mw A[ymbw ˛
t«mIw 13˛-19)
1. k¿ΔZm Bflk¥p-jvS-\m-bn-cn-°pI
2. "Rm≥' F∂pw "Ft‚Xv' F∂pw D≈ `mhw C√m-Xn-
cn-°pI.
3. kpJ-Zpx-J-ß-fn¬ ka-_p≤n
4. a\x-kw-baw, ZrV-\n-›bw
5. t{Im[w, `bw F∂n-h-bn-√m-Xn-cn-°¬
6. kw`-h-ß-tfmSpw hnj-b-ß-tfmSpw DZm-ko-\-`mhw
7. cmK-tZz-j-߃ C√m-Xn-cn-°pI, B{K-l-ß-sf√mw
Dt]-£n-°pI.
8. \nμ-bnepw kvXpXn-bnepw ka-Nn-¥X.
Cuizckm£m¬°m-c-Øn-\mbn GXp tbmK-am¿§w
kzoI-cn-®mepw icn, ta¬]-d-™ -Kp-W-߃ hf¿ØpI
Xs∂ thWw. Abmsf ÿnX-{]-⁄-s\t∂m, KpWm-
Xo-X-s\t∂m, `‡-s\t∂m hnfn°mw. ÿnX-{]-⁄
-e-£Ww hnh-cn-°p∂ Cu t«mI-߃ (2.55-˛72) A¿∞-
a-dn™v Bh¿Øn®p sNm√p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ \ΩpsS
km[\ Xo{h-ambn \sΩ e£y-Øn-se-Øm≥ klm-
bn°pw.
ÿnX-{]-⁄-X-bpsS kp{]-[m\ LSIw F√m
B{Klß-tfbpw Bk-‡n-I-tfbpw Dt]-£n-°p-I-
bmWv. AXn\v C{μn-b-ß-tfbpw a\- n-t\bpw kwb-a\w
5554
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
sNøWw, AlwIm-csØ ˛ ico-c-a-\- p-Iƒ "Rm≥'
BsW∂ `mh-\sb ˛ Dt]-£n-°Ww. B{K-l-ßsf
ian-∏n-°p-Ibpw AlwIm-csØ AI-‰p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬
\njv]-£-amb hkvXp-Z¿i\w, t{Im[hpw `bhpw
C√mbva, ka-Nn-ØX XpS-ßnb KpW-߃ kzb-tah
h∂p-tNcpw. A\m-k-‡nbpw Bk-‡nbpw th≠-hn[w
{]tbm-Kn-°p-I-bmWv Bhiyw. a\ v euIn-I-hn-j-b
ßsf B{K-ln-°p-tºmƒ AXns\ Ah-bn¬ \n∂v
hnSpØn Cuiz-c-t\mSv Iq´n-t®¿°pI. Cuiz-cs\ KmV-
ambn kvt\ln-°pI. \mw P\n® \nanjw apX¬ `K-h¬
Ir] \ΩpsS IqsS-bp≠v, \ΩpsS km[-\m-th-f-bn¬
Hmtcm \nan-jhpw AXv \ap-s°m-∏-ap≠v F∂v Dd-∏mbn
[cn-°pI. AXp \ap°v henb t{]m’m-l-\hpw klm-
bhpw Xcp∂p. \mw e£y-Øn-se-Øp-sa∂v Dd-∏m-°p∂p.
Hcp cmP-Ip-am-cn°v Xs‚ Igp-Ønse kz¿Æm-`-cWw
ImWm-Xmbn; Ahƒ D¬°-WvT-tbmsS AsXßpw
Xnc™p. At∏mƒ AXv Ah-fpsS IgpØn¬Ø-s∂-bp-
s≠∂v Hcp tXmgn Nq≠n-°m-Wn®p. cmP-Ip-am-cn°v kt¥m-
j-ambn. ImWm-Xmb B`-cWw Is≠-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂n√
ChnsS \S-∂Xv; Igp-Øn¬Ø-s∂-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂p B`-
cWw F∂-dn-bp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. Bflm-hns‚ Imcyhpw CXp-
t]m-se-X-s∂-bmWv. Bflmhv F∂pw \tΩm-sSm-∏-ap-≠m-
bn-cp∂p F∂v Adn-bm≥ am{X-amWv Bflm-t\z-jWw
apgp-h≥. \mw Bflm-hp-Xs∂. ̀ K-hm≥ ca-W-a-l¿jn Cu
IYsb "IWvTm-̀ -c-W-Øns‚ IY' F∂p ]d-bp-am-bn-cp∂p.
\msa√mw Cu P∑-Øn¬Øs∂ ÿnX-{]-⁄-cmbn
Bfl-km-£m¬°mcw t\Ss´.
lcn Hmw.
56
KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w KoXbnse ÿnX{]⁄Z¿i\w
hkn-jvT-Kp -l-bnse {io im¥m-\-μ-]pcn
kzmanIƒ ]c-a-]pWy {io ]pcp-tjm-Ø-am-\μ
kzman -I -fpsS (hkn -jvT -Kpl) injy-\mWv.
At±lw 1928-̨ -¬ P\n®p. kzmanPn sshZn-I-kmln-
Xy-Ønepw ]pcm-W-ß-fnepw alm-]-fin-X-\mWv.
At±-l-Øns‚ AKm-[-⁄m-\hpw {ioaZv `mK-
hXw, `K-h-ZvKoX, AjvSm-h-{I-KoX F∂o {KŸ-
ß-fpsS efn -X-amb hymJym -\hpw ImcWw
At±lw A[ym-fl-km-[-I¿°v hfsc {]nb-¶-c-\mb
am¿§-Z¿in-bm-bn-Øo¿∂n-́ p≠v. At±-l-Øns‚ kc-
f-Xbpw Cuiz-c-i-‡n-bn-ep≈ AKm[ hnizm-khpw,
k¿tΔ-iz-cs‚ apºn¬ ]q¿Æ-amb Bfl-k-a¿∏-
Whpw At±-lsØ ⁄m\˛`‡n˛ sshcm-Ky-ß-
fpsS Hcp al-\ob ka-\z-b-aq¿Øn-bm-°n-bn-́ p≠v.
kzman-Pn-bpsS hn]p-e-amb ]mfin-Xyhpw `mc-
Xob Z¿i-\-ß-tfmSpw kwkvIm-c-tØm-Sp-ap≈
Xo{h-`-‡nbpw At±-l-Øns‚ IrXn-I-fn-se√mw
\ng-en®p ImWmw. Ah B¥-c-amb B[ym-fln-
Im-\p-`qXn t\Sp-∂-Xn\pw kzbw Db¿∂ B[ym-
flnI Xe-Øn-te-°p-b-cp-∂-Xn\pw {]mtbm-KnI
am¿§-Z¿i-I-ßmWv. Bh¿Øn-®p≈ A`ym-k-Øn-
\mWv At±lw F∂pw {]m[m\yw Iev]n-®n-́ p-≈Xv.
]c-a-amb A[ym-fl-⁄m\w Dƒs°m-≈p∂p
F∂v ]cs° {]iw-kn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ̀ K-h-ZvKo-X-bnse
tI{μ-k-tμiw efn-X-ambn hnh-cn-°p∂ H∂mWv
Cu {KŸw. KoX-bpsS bYm¿∞ ktμiw a\- n-
em-°p-∂-Xn¬ km[-I¿°v ]e-t∏mgpw hnjaw
t\cn-Sp-∂p≠v. AXn\p ImcWw, Bi-b-°p-g∏w
D≠m-°p-∂-hn[w hymJym-Xm-°ƒ KoXm-h-N-\-
ßsf ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-®-XmWv. km[-I-
∑m-cpsS hn`n-∂-X-e-ß-fn¬ B hymJym-\-߃ icn-
bm-sW∂pw hcmw.
KotXm-]-tZ-i-ßsf ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-X-Øn¬
\S-∏n¬ hcpØn, ap‡-\mb ⁄m\n -bpsS
Ahÿ {]m]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ {]mtbm-KnI am¿§-
߃ kzmanPn Cu {KŸ-Øn¬ \evIp∂p.