gis in environmental and water resources engineering

GIS in Environmental and Water Resources Engineering

Research Progress Report Jan 15, 1999

Research Areas• Texas data and water

modeling: Hudgens, Mason, Davis Jonsdottir, Gu, Azagra, Niazi

• Environmental Risk Assessment: Hay-Wilson, Romanek, Kim

• Global runoff: Asante, Lear

• Nonpoint source pollution: Melancon, Osborne

• Flood hydrology and hydraulics: Ahrens, Perales, Tate

• Internet: Favazza,Wei






• Flood hydrology and hydraulics: Ahrens, Bigelow, Perales, Tate


Brad Hudgens

Geospatial Data Development for Water Availability Modeling

Determining Watershed Properties

• Need to know at many points on a stream network: the upstream drainage area, average precipitation and SCS CN value, and the downstream flow length

• Grids of these variables are computed using the flow accumulation function

• An attribute table is obtained using the Combine function

Weighted Flow AccumulationAvgCN=flowaccumulation(fdr, CN)+CN

flowaccumulation(fdr)+1

Combine Grids

GRID : “combine”

David Mason

Geospatial Data Development for Water Availability Modeling

Control Point Status

• FINALLY, Acquired all control points for Nueces and Guadalupe River basins

• STILL, Waiting for control points on the San Antonio River basin

Meanwhile…..• Finished development of a single-line stream

network for all basins• Attached control points with ID numbers to line

network• Obtained more clearly defined project goals

– Which watershed parameters are needed?• Worked on streamlining database development

– Develop tools to automate the process

Trinity River TMDL

Subtask on Network Analyst

Kim Davis

Jona Finndis Jonsdottir

Geospatial Data for Total Maximum Daily Loads

New Tool Development for Water Modeling

Richard Gu

Rainfall Runoff in the Guadalupe River BasinRainfall Runoff in the Guadalupe River Basin

Esteban Azagra

Objectives

• Run HEC-PrePro and HMS programs for a sample area.

• Comparison of the runoff with field data.

• Calibration of the modeling system.

What have I done?

• Run HEC-PrePro and HMS.

• Analysis of parameters.

• Comparison of the model with field data

Analyzing Parameters• For Vx constant: X =

flow

• For X constant: VX

flow

• Use of Manning to change the values of VX

Comparison and Future work

• Precipitation data used for HMS showed big differences between the model and the field data.

• The use of NEXRAD Precipitation could help for a more detailed comparison.

Surface/Subsurface Modeling

By: Shiva Niazi1/15/99

GMS Model

Argus ONE Model

Argus ONE vs. GMS• Argus ONE

• Can create interface within software- inc. built-in functions

• Must manually create boundary, river arcs?

• GMS• Supports more

MODFLOW packages• Time consuming

Lesley Hay Wilson

Spatial Environmental Risk Assessment

Current Research Status• Completed dissertation proposal defense on

Dec 11th• Objective is to develop the spatial risk

assessment methodology with emphasis on application to large, complex sites

• Working on the site conceptual model and linkages between Access and ArcView

Risk Assessment Data Model

SourceReceptor

Geographicpathways

Cross-mediapathways

Human, Ecological

Forward Risk Estimation

Target Level Calculation

Research ApproachSpatial Site Conceptual Model• Spatial representations of the site conceptual

model elements (e.g., sources, receptors)• Individual data layers for each element• Supported by

– database of exposure pathway components– spreadsheet of transport and transfer algorithms– grid-based models

• Implemented in a tiered approach

Connection of SCM Database and RBSL Spreadsheets

ODBC

Identify COC Pathway Segments

Source Concentrations

Link

Pathway Endpoint Concentrations

Access Site Conceptual

Model Database

Excel Spreadsheet

Perform simple fate and

transport calculations

Other Activities• Marcus Hook Project team meetings completed

Jan 11-13th (team)• EWRE seminar presentation of dissertation

proposal scheduled for Jan 20th

Andrew Romanek

Surface Representation of the Marcus Hook Refinery

Activities• 3 day meeting with BP, Langan, UT, and

others (Mon. - Wed.)– Update of progress– Delineation of future tasks

• COC Transport Extension

• Thesis

COC Tranport Extension• Surface water model extension to

predict concentrations

• Steady state, conservative, mixing model (only decreases in concentration from additional flow)

• Initial attempt yielded a maximum benzene concentration of 0.26 mg/L

Thesis

• Intro to risk assessment and project

• Digital Facility Description– Spatial and Tabular Databases– Data development (Photogrammetry)– Connection between Spatial and Tabular

• Map-Based Modeling– Surface and Groundwater models

Spatial Analysis of Sources and Source Areas on Marcus

HookProgress report by Julie KimFriday, November 20, 1998

Global Runoff RoutingEstimating Flow Velocity

Kwabena Asante

Methods

• Lag Between Runoff Stations

• Lag Between Rainfall and Runoff

• Empirical Methods

Rainfall Distribution in November

Normalized Observed and Simulated Hydrographs

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

month of the year

obse

rved

flow

in m

3/s

simulated flowobserved

Empirical Equations:Generally of the form: P = a * Q b

Leopold and Maddock (1953): a = 1.3, b = 0.1Matalas (1969): a = 1, b = 0.155

River Q observed Q observed V leopold V matalasUnits m3/s cfs m/s m/sNiger 8500 300175 1.40 2.15Nile 2322 82001 1.23 1.76Congo 44893 1585384 1.65 2.79Zambesi 3378 119293 1.28 1.87

River Qobserved

Qobserved

Sleopold

DLeopold

Vleopold

VManning

Units m3/s cfs slope depth, m m/s m/sNiger 8500 300175 4.348E-05 7.57 1.40 1.40Nile 2322 82001 8.212E-05 4.50 1.23 1.36Congo 44893 1585384 1.924E-05 14.73 1.65 1.45Zambesi 3378 119293 6.834E-05 5.23 1.28 1.37

Grid Cell Translation from High to Low Resolution

Mary LearNovember 20, 1998

Patrice Melancon

Pollutant Loading Model for Tillamook Bay

Flow ContributionBay Inflow Contribution by Watershed

7%

14%

36%

29%

9%

5%

Miam i

Kilchis

Wilson

Trask

Tillam ook

Other

Distribution matches values reported for the watershed

Flow vs Load Contribution by LanduseTillamook River Flow Contribution by Land Use

2%

1%

2%

11%

83%

1%

0%

Urban

Rural Res

Rural Ind

AgLand

CAFO

Forest

Water

Wilson River Flow Contribution by Land Use

99%

0%

1%0%

0%

0%0%

0%

Urban

Rural Res

Rural Ind

AgLand

CAFO

Forest

Water

Wetlands

Total Bacteria Load Contribution - Tillamook River

6%

2%

89%

1%

1%1%

Urban

Rur Res

Rur Ind

AgLand

CAFO

Forest

Total Bacteria Load Contribution - Wilson River7%

1%

1%

1%

78%

12%

Urban

Rural Res

Rural Ind

AgLand

CAFO

Forest

Concentration ProfilesBacteria Concentration Profile - Trask River with E&S Sample Pts Indicated

Reflects Current Level of BMP Implementation

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

350.0

400.0

450.0

0.0 20000.0 40000.0 60000.0 80000.0 100000.0 120000.0 140000.0 160000.0 180000.0

Distance Along River (ft)

Con

cent

ratio

n (fc

/100

ml)

TRA-HAT TRA-BP1

TRA-BP2

TRA-BP3

TRA-BPS TRA-TEF

TRA-STP

HOQ-CON

TRA-RM0

Katherine Osborne

Water Quality Master Planning for Austin

Seth Ahrens

Flood Forecasting in Houston

Rainfall Data: Benefits of MATLAB over Visual Basic

Lat. Lon. Rf.

Time interval isinconsistent.Each time intervalin own file.

Program A

Time (min) Rf.(mm)

All data in one grid in ten-minute intervals.

Program B

Final output is an ArcViewASCII grid in the proper projection.

Benefits: Can now more efficiently prepare rainfall data. Original technique incorporated Visual Basicin Excel. Though it worked, the method proved to be cumbersome, error-prone (relied too much onuser), and time-consuming.

Creating Animated Rainfall Maps

• Program available from www.ulead.com or ganges\ahrens\research\bin\animation\

• Install ga20tu program on c:\temp.• Animation program only requires frames (i.e.

Gif files) and the time interval between frames.

• Full directions on my web site after CE server is fixed.

Sample Animation MapTime

Incremental Cumulative

Incremental (left) data give insight as to how much rain has fallen in a particular area in the ten minutes prior to the time in the lower-left-hand corner.

The cumulative (right) information, meanwhile, allows the user to get a better idea how much total rain fell over the area of interest.

N.B: The incremental data range from about0.5 in/hr to 6.0 in/hr while the cumulativedata range from 0.5 in to 8.0 in.

Jerry Perales

GIS-Based Infiltration Modeling

Eric Tate

Mapping Flood Water Surface Elevation

Map-Based Hydrology and Hydraulics

ArcViewInput Data

DEM

HEC-HMSFlood

discharge

HEC-RASWatersurfaceprofiles

ArcViewFlood

plain maps

CRWR-PrePro AvRAS

Flood Plain Mapping

Real-time flood emergency mapping

Flood hydrologyanalysis system

Nexrad radarrainfall input

Precomputedflood map

library

Real time

Offline

David Favazza

Map-Based Modeling on the Internet

Kevin Wei

Displaying Environmental Maps on the Internet

Research Review

Next Research Progress Report Friday Dec18, 1998, 2PM, ECJ 9.236

gis in environmental and water resources engineering

Documents

field data

weiresearch areastexas

future workprecipitation

kimglobal runoff

river arcs

lear nonpoint source

basinsattached control

osborneflood hydrology