Environmental Systems Modeling

EENV 5326

GIS for Environmental Engineering

The application of GIS is limited only by the imagination of those who use it

Jack Dangermond, President of ESRI

Chloride Concentration (mg/l) in 2001 and 2011

About 12 rainfall stations

Rainfall precipitation increases from south

to north

Rainfall Pattern in Gaza Strip

About 12 rainfall stations

Rainfall precipitation increases from south

to north

GIS views

In GIS, there are 3 different ways in which data can be viewed:

1) Database view2) Map view3) Model view

The popular GIS software

ESRI (GIS software leading company worldwide)

commercial products include ArcGIS desktop that includes:

ArcMap, ArcCatalog, ArcToolbox, ArcGlobe, ArcIMS and ArcGIS Explorer

/ لغة/ صفةرمز

بارعة معالجة

االستعالم

االمية محو

االطفال وفيات

عازلة

وباء

االختالف

Raster to Vector Conversion

CellRows & Columns

Regions

Zones

The composition of Raster Data

The Cell

A square that represents specific portion of an area. its dimension is described by even pixels or dimensions. Its dimensions shall be fixed all over the data set. Every cell has a value.

Rows and Columns

Regions

Connected Cells in Zones

Zones

Connected or Disconnected Cells that have the same value

• Geographic Phenomena• Geographic Field • Geographic Object

• Geographic Data Representation• Tessellation • Vector

Spatial data typesContent

We might define a geographic phenomenon as something of interest that :

• can be named or described,• can be georeferenced and• can be assigned a time (interval) at which it is/was present

Relevant phenomena depends entirely on the purpose of GIS.

Geographic Phenomena

Field Vs. Object

Object

Field

Field Vs. Object

Geographic objects: populate the study area, and are usually well

distinguishable, discrete, bounded entities. The space between them is potentially empty.

Geographic field: is a geographic phenomenon for which, for every

point in the study area, a value can be determined.

Field View Vs. Object View

Examples:

Object View: Trees, Houses, Streets.

Field View: Elevation, Temperature, Rain Intensity.

o General rule-of-thumb is that:

1) natural geographic phenomena are more often fields, and

2) man-made phenomena are more often objects.

Raster in ArcGIS – Floating point

Raster in ArcGIS – Integer

Assignments

1) Prepare professional map,2) Recharge map of Gaza strip,3) Best site of landfill