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CLEANENERGYFORACLEANERTOMORROW
Dr.CarlKukkonenCTOVIASPACEInc.,USA
GIANTKING®GRASS:Versatile Biomass for Bioenergy and Biorefineries
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VIASPACE|CLEANENERGYFORACLEANERTOMORROW
DirectCombustion,AnaerobicDigestion,CellulosicBiofuels,Biochemicals,AnimalFeed
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Six-month-oldGiantKingGrassinCalifornia
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GiantKing® GrassOverview
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Characteristics
Veryhighyieldproprietary hybrid
(non-GMO), harvestedtwiceayearat15+feet
Composition likeCornStoverandMiscanthus
Cost
Projectedlowestcostdeliveredtothepowerplantorbiorefinery
10x theyieldofCornStoverand3x theyieldofMiscanthusperacre
Range
Warmweatherclimates–tropicalregions
including SouthernU.S.,Hawaii,PuertoRico,Virgin Islands,Guam)
Growsonmarginalland
Highpotential“platform”energycropfor biopower,biofuels,biochemicalsandotherbioproducts
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GKGCharacteristics:FastGrowingPerennialGrass
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AfterC
uttin
g3Months
BiogasProduction
2Months
AnimalFeed
6Months
Biofuels&Biopower
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Cost:GKGAdvantagedinKeyCostCategories
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Costs KeyDrivers Performance
Grow
th
Land Use ü Highestyieldperacreofland
WaterUse ü Highestyieldperacre-footofwater
LandQuality ü Growswellonmarginalland
LandAmendments ü Perennial cropimproveslandovertimethroughtheadditionoforganicmatter.
Harvestin
g/
Logistics
Harvesting ü Canusestandard equipment
Transportation ü Co-locationofbiorefinery orpowerplantandplantationreducestransportationdistancesandcosts
Storage ü Just-In-Time,year-roundharvesting reduces oreliminatesneedforsignificant storage
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VIASPACEDevelopsProjectsinAdditiontoBeingaFeedstockSupplier
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VIASPACEcanprovide• Agriculturalsupport• Businessplandevelopment• Financialmodels• Prefeasibilitystudies• Bankablefeasibilitystudies
VIASPACEpartnersprovidetechnology&EPCcontracting
10-35MWDirectCombustionPowerPlant1-10MWAnaerobicDigestionPowerPlant
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GKGProjectsinDevelopment:NicaraguaBiopower
12MWbiomassdirectcombustionpowerplant• 84GWhofsalablebaseloadelectricity• Well proventechnology• connectedtotheNicaraguangrid
Fueledby2,100acreGiantKingGrassplantation• Co-locatedwithpowerplant• IrrigationfromLakeNicaraguaforreliability• Cultivationsimilar tosugarcane
VIASPACEpartnerisAGRICORP,alargeagribusinesscompanyinNicaragua• Landandexpertise forplantationoperations
EPCcontractsigned, debtfinancing letterofintentfromIDBandFMO,localutilitywilloperate
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Giant King Grass growing well onpart of 10,000 acre rice plantationnot suitable for rice
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GKGProjectsinDevelopment:ADPlantonSt.Croix,USVirginIslands
TibbarEnergyUSVIisdevelopingananaerobicdigestion (AD)biogaspowerplantonSt.Croix,USVirgin Islands
PrimaryfeedstockisGiantKingGrass,whichwillbegrownon1,500+acres
Biogasusedtopowergeneratortoproduce7MWofbase-loadrenewableelectricity.
Tibbarwillbetheonlybase-loadrenewableenergyprojectindependent offossilfuel intheUSVI
GiantKingGrassisharvested4-5timesayearat8-10feettallforanaerobicdigestion
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TypicalAnaerobicDigestionPlant
GiantKingGrassonSt.Croix
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GiantKingGrassNursery:SanDiegoCounty,California
• PrimarynurseryfacilityisinSanDiegoCounty,Californiaandsourceofpropagationmaterial
• GiantKingGrassisvegetativelypropagatedlikesugarcane,butatahigherratioforimprovedscalability
• ShipmentsandexportsinspectedandapprovedbyUSDA
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GiantKingGrassinHawaiiSecondVIASPACENursery
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GKGResearch:ImperialValleyCalifornia
• UniversityOfCaliforniaDesertResearchCenter
• Growthinhightemperaturedesertconditions
• 6monthharvestforbioenergy• 2monthharvestforanimalfeed
• Highprotein14-17%• HighYield
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GiantKingGrass&AgriculturalWasteStrawsHaveSameProperties
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HigherHeatingValue
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BiomethaneProductionfromGKG
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GKGCompositionforBiofuels&Biochemicals
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GiantKingGrasscompositionisequivalentorslightlybetterthanCornStoverandMiscanthusforbiofuelsandbioproducts
;DatafromNovozymes,POET, TMO
SugarsusedforbiofuelsandbioproductsByproducts
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IndependentPretreatment&EnzymaticHydrolysisTesting
“GiantKingGrassethanolproductionisverysimilartocornstrawandGiantKingGrassisprobablyeasiertoprocess”– POETscientist
• Conversionofhemicellulose(xylan)toxylose>90%
• Conversionofcellulose(glucan)toglucose>85%
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Sugar(meas.)andEthanolYields(est.)
gallons
Co.1 Co.2
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HighLandUseProductivity
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Yield DryMatter GiantKingGrass CornStover Miscanthus
USton/acre 42 3.5-4.7 14-18
Metric ton/ha 94 8.6-11.6 31-40
GiantKingGrassyieldstwoharvestsperyearinwarmclimatescomparedwithoneharvestperyearforcornandmiscanthus.
Highestlanduseefficiency...
...resultsinhighestproductivityperacre.
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
CornGrain CornStover Miscanthus GiantKingGrass
Ethanol(gallons/acre)
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GiantKingGrassPelletsasCoalReplacement
GiantKingGrasspelletscanreplaceupto20%ofcoalinanexistingcoal-firedpowerplant
Preserveslargecapitalinvestmentinexistingpowerplantw/30yearadditionallife
Meetscarbonreductiontargets16Mtonsofpelletsusedgloballytoday,46Mtonsby2020
Grassisgrown,driedandpressedintopelletsandshippedinbulklikeshippinggrain
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HydrothermalProcessConversionofGiantKingGrasstoBio-coal
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PartneredwithPCSBiofuels,Inc.toconvertGKGtodrop-incoalreplacementusingitspatentedPolymerCarbonSolid(PCS)thermalcatalyticprocess.
ResultsforPCSGKGbiofuel:• Sameenergydensityasmetallurgicalcoal
(~24MJ/Kg)• Burnscleanlywithout generatingsulfur,
mercuryorotheremissionsfoundincoal• Hydrophobicandcanbestoredoutdoors
likecoalandpulverizedinthesamemachinesascoal.
• Ashcontentissimilartothatofagoodcoal• Highmeltingpoint,above950oC;noco-
firingproblemsexpected
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MultipleApplicationsGiantKingGrass– PlatformCrop
• Cellulosicliquidbiofuels--ethanol/butanol• Pyrolysistobiooil• Catalyticconversiontobiodiesel
• Biochemicalsandbioplastics• High-temperaturegasification• Directcombustionforelectric
power/heat/steam• Pelletsforco-firingwithcoal
• Briquettesforboilers• Torrefaction/hydrothermalprocessingto
biocoal• Biogas/anaerobicdigestion• Pulpforpaperandtextiles
• Animalfeed
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• Proximate&Ultimateanalyses• Tracemetals• Ashcomposition&meltingtemperature• Biomethaneproduction• Cellulosicsugarcomposition• Pretreatmentandenzymatichydrolysis
• C5andC6sugars• Biocoal analysis• Animalfeednutrition
IndependentTestingData
EnergycontentHHV:18.4MJ/drykg=4400kcal/kg=7900BTU/lbBiogasproduction: 539-758 liters/drykg;51-57%methaneBiofuelsanalysis:Glucan43%;Xylan22%;Arabinan3%Lignin17%Cellulosicethanolprojection: 80gallonsperUSton)Cellulosicethanolyieldprojection: 3,500gallonsperacreBiocoal:24MJ/kgHHV
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Summary:GiantKing® Grass
• Highyielddedicatedenergycropproducing21drytonsperacreperharvestwhenharvestedforbiofuelsandbiopowertwiceayearat14+feettall
• Perennialcrop,cutandregrowfor7– 10years• Noneedtoplow&replanteveryyear• Promotesstrongsubsoilenvironment
• Naturalproprietarygrass,notgeneticallymodified
• Willgrowonmarginalland,doesnotdisplacefoodcrops
• Wellsuitedforbioenergyapplications• Providesreliable,lowcostfuelorfeedstockfor
24/7operations365days/year
Advantages Limitations• Tropicalandsubtropicalgrassrequiring
non-freezingareasforperennialgrowth
• GiantKingGrasshashighwateruseefficiencyandisdroughttolerant,butneedsconsistentrainfallorirrigationforoptimumproduction
GiantKingGrassLowestCostFeedstockBecauseofHighYield
HighEnergyContent
CompositionlikeCornStraw
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THANKYOU!
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GiantKingGrassU.S.Range
GiantKingGrassisatropicalandsubtropicalgrasssuitableforSouthernU.S.(zones8+onmap),Hawaii,PuertoRico,VirginIslands,Guam,AmericanSamoa
GiantKingGrasswillsurviveashortfreeze– therootssurviveandplantre-growswhentheweatherwarms– butnotanextendedperiodoffreezingweather
GiantKingGrassrequireswarmweather,sunshineandsufficientrainfallorirrigation.
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VIASPACEBackground
• VIASPACEisapubliclytradedcompany:SymbolVSPC• Fullyreporting toSECandaudited• Headquartered inCalifornia,USA
• Originallyfoundedin1998asanincubatortocommercializetechnologyfromCaltech/NASAJetPropulsionLaboratory(JPL)• Dr.CarlKukkonen, founder, directedaJPLresearchcenter• Originalproductscame“via”the“space”program
• VIASPACEnowfocusedonbiomassforbiofuels,bioproductsandbioenergy• GiantKing®Grassisaproprietaryhigh-yield,dedicatedenergycropcurrentlybeinggrowninCalifornia,Hawaii,St.Croix(USVirginIslands),andothercountriesinAfrica,Asia,CentralandSouthAmerica
• Experiencedmanagementandtechnicalteam
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