gi2012 bartoli-annex iii
TRANSCRIPT
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A Snow Avalanche
Spatial Data
Infrastucture meets
Inspire – Annex III GEOAVALANCHE
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Autore: Francesco Bartoli 1
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Agenda
Snow avalanche risk management
Natural Risk Zones theme
What is Geoavalanche?
CAAML application profile
Geoavalanche server
Benefits
Challenges
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Mountain Risk Management
AVALANCHES dramatically:
kill backcountry practitioners
damage villages, settlements, infrastructures
SNOWCOVER frequently:
affects hydropower generation
is a source of water for drinkable and irrigation use
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Actors
AVALANCHE WARNING SERVICES
distributed offices collect avalanche and meteorological data often locally
issue nationwide nowcasting and forecasting bulletin centrally
Governments
have to mitigate natural hazard and regulate land use
deal with the management of resources
are approaching to Inspire where Avalanches are issued in the Natural Risk Zones theme of Annex III
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Users
Tourists
attempt in the wilderness with a number as much as increased in the latest years
claim innovative early warning alert systems and more avalanche awareness for safer activities
Mountain professionals
plan their activities more often via mobile devices
promote and make their business on the safety of outdoor activities
are actively involved to report snowdrift risk and snowslide-prone areas as the situation evolves
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Inspire – Annex III
“Natural Risk Zones” theme
Definition: “Vulnerable areas subjected to natural
hazards that because of their location, severity and
frequency may potentially affect society seriously”
The knowledge of identification and delineation over
risk zones is significantly important to mitigating
circumstances
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Natural Risk Zone
Where natural hazard areas intersect with highly populated areas and/or areas of either particular environmental or cultural or economic value
risk = (hazard) x (probability of its occurrence) x (vulnerability of the exposed populations or the environmental, cultural and economic assets in that zone)
Data and special warning services are probably relevant for both risk assessment and emergency management
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Avalanches – Snow slides
Such areas prone to have:
Significantly snow cover combined with steep slopes
Windy activity that affects the creation of snowdrifts
Coverage
Physical mapping of areas susceptible to weak cohesion of snow profile and easily sliding indeed
Areas divided into zones with susceptibility classification
Areas with either certain regulations or restrictions for different land use due to such risk
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Snow Water Equivalent
Areas prone to have:
Significantly few snowfalls with low impact on water
generation
Coverage
Physical mapping of areas susceptible to a low power
of snow coverage
Areas divided into zones with susceptibility
classification
Areas with resource management connected to snow
water equivalent risk
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Geoavalanche
Open Source project born from Geobeyond and
released under the GNU GPL v3 terms
Development of a web architecture to deal with
snow avalanche datasets over the Internet
Overcome the lack of shared knowledge on snow
avalanche information
Core component of data infrastructure spatially
and semantically focused
Web 2.0 oriented
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Goals
“Exchange of snow avalanche information in a
common standard for building Spatial Data
Infrastructure to cross-border interoperability”
“Leverage of more avalanche awareness to
mountaineers by using user-oriented services on
Web channels”
“Make avalanche bulletin mostly available and hence
mountain experience safe-effective”
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Key Concepts
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Geographical nature of snow avalanche data (spatial
component)
Geospatial standards
Cross-boarder cooperation and harmonisation of data
(Regional – National – European)
Interoperability in mind
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Technologies
Canadian Avalanche Association Markup
Language CAAML
Geographic Markup Language GML
OGC Web Feature Service WFS
OGC Web Map Service WMS
GeoServer and the GML application schema
extension
PostGIS spatial database
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Implications
Accessing datasets by using WFS services for
exchanging data on R/W operations
Providing maps avalanche bulletins and snow
coverages by using WMS services
Enabling 3th-party internet sites and mobile
devices for snow avalanche geolocalisation
services
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CAAML XML grammar language initially developed and still
maintained by the Canadian Avalanche Association CAA
Common encoding structure based on top of GML
Currently supports the following snow avalanche types: incident information
activity comments
observations
bulletins
closure
observations on the field
snowpack structure comments
snow profile observations
weather observations
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CAAML architecture
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Latest version 5.0 developed by CAA
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EAWS CAAML profile EAWS European Avalanche Warning Service maintains
standards across the Alps
Proposed schema profile for the Alps
Borrows the concept of profile which permits:
express logical limitation of elements relevant for a specific application
maintain the ability to be validated against the overall CAAML standard
design a common schema which raises the needs among AWS in the neighborhood of European mountains
Geoavalanche uses EAWS CAAML-scoped snow avalanche bulletins
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Bulletin element type
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Courtesy of CAA
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European avalanche danger scale
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Fit together
Data and services in Inspire might be filled by this
simple rules:
EAWS danger scale CAAML-modeled turns into
susceptibility classification of risk zones
Closures in CAAML would be relative to land use
regulations and restrictions
All observations data types would refer to snow water
equivalent and resource management indeed
(Hydropower, Irrigation, drinkable, etc)
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Geoavalanche Server
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Uses GeoServer to aggregate different datastores centrally
Includes GML application schema extension for supporting 3th-party like CAAML
Allows direct querying of complex snow avalanche features CAAML-encoded
Enables data fusion between remote and local sources
Achieves web mapping services for avalanche bulletins and snow water equivalent maps
is Inspire-ready because of the abilities passed-down by Geoserver
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Geospatial snow avalanche services
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CAAML schema mapping
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Single caaml:Bulletin:
is observed at several distinct locations on the Earth’s
surface
has a multivalued caaml:bulletinResultsOf
property of caaml:BulletinMeasurements
type
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Key effects
“A CAAML Spatial Data Infrastructure would
exploit Geoavalanche Server which assumes a
key role since it manages both of R/W operations
regardless of the database schema used to store
data”
“When performing WFS filter queries it can also
act accordingly to OGC WFS-T transactional
specification because each single service has
been conformed to the same CAAML schema”
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Snow avalanche SDI for cross-boarder
interoperability
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Benefits Interoperability at largest scale for stakeholders, actors,
and users
EUROPEAN – Snow avalanche Geoportal for EU, which would represent the application of Natural Risk Zones
NATIONAL – Geospatial product which provides avalanche bulletin maps, warning LBS to mobile users and a complement for Resource Management (Snow water equivalent)
REGIONAL – A bridge to connect distributed observation centers to national agencies AWS in an easily common format
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Challenges
Schema transformation for CAAML datasets to
comply with the "Natural Risk Zones" data theme
Robustness and scalability of snow avalanche
database for CAAML
Catalogue Service for the Web (CSW)
Implementation of map visualization services
INSPIRE conformed (WMS 1.3)
Develop of mobile LBS client (iOS, Android)
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More on Geoavalanche
Source code on github
Read more on the project site geoavalanche.org
Follow me @francbartoli on Twitter
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Questions?
By Francesco Bartoli
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