GHSGT Review Day 7

Cell Parts and Functions

Types of Cells

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

Prokaryotic Cell – has no organized membrane between DNA and cytoplasm

and not true organelles bound by a membrane. Ex. - bacteria

Eukaryotic Cell – have a true nucleus with a nuclear membrane

and organelles. (most cells of plants and animals)

Organelles of the Cell

An organelle is to a cell as a _______ is to a body?

Nucleus• Function:Control center of cell

Stores hereditary information

Endoplasmic Reticulum• Folded membrane in

the cytoplasm

• Function: protein synthesis, distributes materials thru the cell, Smooth ER also helps remove toxins

Ribosomes• Round-shaped

structures in the cytoplasm

• Function: Site of protein synthesis

Mitochondria

• Powerhouse of the cell, rod-shaped

• Function: Converts chemical energy for cell metabolism

Plastids (plant cells only)

• Structures that contain chloroplast

• Function: conversion of light energy into chemical energy, store food

Golgi Bodies• Flattened

membrane sacs

• Function: Packaging and distribution of materials in the cell

Lysosomes• Storage vesicle

• Function: Digestion, waste removal

Click here to see an interactive lysosome

Microbodies• Membranes

containing enzymes

• Function: Conversion of fats to carbohydrates, discharge of waste

Vacuoles• A spherical

vesicle

• Function: Digestion, storage, and elimination

Microfilaments and Microtubules

• Fibers of tubes of protein

• Function: Structure and support as well as movement of internal cell parts

Cilia and Flagella• Short and long

extensions of the surface of the cell containing microtubules

• Locomotion and production of currents that draw in food.

Centrioles• Short packs of

tubes near the Golgi bodies

• Necessary for cell reproduction within some cells

Cell Wall• Rigid membrane

surrounding the contents of a plant cell

• Supports and gives shape to plants