getting to california totalitarianism – total control by the government. needs of the nation are...
TRANSCRIPT
• totalitarianism – total control by the government. Needs of the nation are more important than rights of individuals
• fascism – totalitarianism based on military strength
• Benito Mussolini – fascist dictator of Italy whose followers were known as the black shirts.
• Adolph Hitler – fascist dictator of Germany who was elected Chancellor through the Nazi Party (brown shirts).
• Mein Kampf – “my struggle” autobiography of Hitler’s early life which started to blame others for the struggles of Germany after World War I
• Joseph Stalin – communist dictator of the Soviet Union who took over in 1924 after the death of Vladimir Lenin
• Emperor Hirohito – figurehead leader of the militaristic Japanese empire who was thought to be a direct decedent of God.
Ch 19 Sec 1: America and the World
Intro 2
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Chapter Objectives
• Describe how postwar conditions contributed to the rise of antidemocratic governments in Europe.
• Explain why many Americans supported a policy of isolationism in the 1930s.
Section 1: America and the World
Section 1-1
Guide to Reading
In the years following World War I, aggressive and expansionist governments took power in both Europe and Asia.
• Benito Mussolini
Main Idea
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Key Terms and Names
• fascism • Vladimir Lenin • Joseph Stalin
• Adolf Hitler • Manchuria
Section 1-3
Guide to Reading (cont.)
Section Theme
Global Connections German and Japanese actions in the 1930s led President Roosevelt to work to prevent aggression.
The Rise of Dictators • The treaty that ended World War I and the economic
depression that followed contributed to the rise of dictatorships in Europe and Asia.
(pages 584–586)(pages 584–586)
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The Rise of Dictators
(pages 584–586)(pages 584–586)
• Italy developed the first major dictatorship in Europe.
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• In 1919 Benito Mussolini founded Italy’s Fascist Party.
• Fascism was a kind of aggressive nationalism.• Fascists believed that the nation was more important
than the individual, and that a nation became great by expanding its territory and building its military.
The Rise of Dictators (cont.)
(pages 584–586)(pages 584–586)
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• Facists were anti-Communist.• Backed by the militia known
as Blackshirts, Mussolini became the premier of Italy and set up a dictatorship.
The Rise of Dictators
(pages 584–586)(pages 584–586)
“The Root of Fascism”
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Comes from the Latin word fasces. In ancient Rome, the fasces were cylindrical bundles of wooden rods, tied tightly together around an axe. They symbolize unity and power.
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• The Nazi Party was nationalistic and anti-Communist.
The Rise of Dictators (cont.)
(pages 584–586)(pages 584–586)
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• After World War I, the political and economic chaos in Germany led to the rise of new political parties.
The Rise of Dictators (cont.)
(pages 584–586)(pages 584–586)
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• Adolf Hitler, a member of the Nazi Party, called for the unification of all Germans under one government.
The Rise of Dictators (cont.)
(pages 584–586)(pages 584–586)
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• He believed certain Germans were part of a “master race” destined to rule the world.
The Rise of Dictators (cont.)
(pages 584–586)(pages 584–586)
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• He wanted Eastern Europeans enslaved. • He felt Jews were responsible for many of the world’s
problems.
The Rise of Dictators (cont.)
(pages 584–586)(pages 584–586)
“Stabbed in the Back”
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In his autobiography Mein Kampf (My Struggle) Hitler prescribes to the theory that the reason Germany lost WWI was disloyalty of some Germans, especially Jews.
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• In 1933 Hitler was appointed prime minister of Germany.
• Storm troopers intimidated voters into giving Hitler dictatorial powers.
The Rise of Dictators (cont.)
(pages 584–586)(pages 584–586)
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• In 1917 the Bolshevik Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, set up Communist governments throughout the Russian empire.
The Rise of Dictators (cont.)
(pages 584–586)(pages 584–586)
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• The Russian territories were renamed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1922.
• The Communists set up a one-party rule.
The Rise of Dictators
(pages 584–586)(pages 584–586)
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• By 1926 Joseph Stalin had become the new Soviet dictator.
The Rise of Dictators (cont.)
(pages 584–586)(pages 584–586)
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• In 1927 he began a massive effort to industrialize the country.
• Millions of peasants who resisted the Communist policies were killed.
The Rise of Dictators (cont.)
(pages 584–586)(pages 584–586)
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• Difficult economic times in Japan after World War I undermined the country’s political system.
• Many Japanese officers and civilians wanted to seize territory to gain needed resources.
The Rise of Dictators (cont.)
(pages 584–586)(pages 584–586)
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• In 1931 the Japanese army, without the government’s permission, invaded the resource-rich Chinese province of Manchuria.
The Rise of Dictators (cont.)
(pages 584–586)(pages 584–586)
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• The military took control of Japan.
• This left Emperor Hirohito as more of a figurehead.
The Rise of Dictators (cont.)
(pages 584–586)(pages 584–586)
A section of Amy Tan’s popular novel The Joy Luck Club was set during the troubles between China and Japan during the 1930s.
“What they have in common”
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In a Totalitarian country, individual rights are not viewed as important as the needs of the nation.
Totalitarianism
Communist Dictatorship
(USSR)
Fascist Dictatorship
(Germany, Italy)
Military Dictatorship
(Japan)
End of Slide Show