get out your foreign influences cornell notes. people who influenced the founding fathers
TRANSCRIPT
Get out your Foreign Influences Cornell Notes
People Who Influenced the Founding Fathers
Who influenced the Founding Fathers?
• We are going to focus on two important people from the Enlightenment:– John Locke– Baron de Montesquieu
Let’s take a trip back in time.
2010
1687
• It was a time in history when certain thinkers and writers believed they knew more than other people and set off to “enlighten” them. • They believed
the power of reason could be used to help government and build a better world.
What is the Enlightenment?
Where was the Enlightenment?
John Locke
PhilosopherBorn August 29, 1632 Studied at Westminster School
and Christ Church, Oxford SingleWrote Two Treatises of
Government
Photo from iep.utm.edu
SnapshotDOB: August 1632DOD: October 1704From: EnglandNetworks: Westminster School, Christ Church, Oxford, Royal Society
Ideas Impact
Info
“ ”Locke had multiple ideas that influenced the
Founders:
Ideas
Natural Rights/Natural Law
Social Contract
Natural Rights
John Locke believed all humans have natural rights, which are rights that all people have just because they are human being. They are:• Life• Liberty• Property
Natural Rights/Law
Imagine a group of people are out at sea and their boat is shipwrecked on a deserted island There is no government There are no laws According to Locke, this is known as a “state of
nature”
What are some of the advantages and
disadvantages of living in a state of nature?
Natural Law
• Natural law is…• A higher, unchanging set of rules that govern
human relations
NATURAL LAW
Natural Rights/Law:rights that all people have and
the rules that protect those rights
Individually, answer this question:
What is the purpose of government?
Now think about this question…
Social Contract
Locke proposed that in order to keep our natural rights, the people must engage in a social contract
• An unwritten agreement between the people and the government
• The people agree to live under a government and obey its laws. • In return, the government agrees to protect the people
Go To Natural Rights/Law
Social Contract:An unwritten agreement between
people and their government.
Impact
• According to Locke, the purpose of government is to protect the natural rights of individuals
• The Founders agreed and included these natural rights and social contract in the Declaration of Independence.
• The Founders also included the idea of social contract in the first three words of the Preamble to the United States Constitution…
…that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed…
The Constitution also limits the powers of
government to protect the rights
of the people.
Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu
Photo from constitution.org
Info
Ideas Impact
SnapshotDOB: January 18, 1689DOD: 1755From: Le Bréde, FranceNetworks: University of Bordeaux, Parlement of Bordeaux
Information from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/montesquieu/
Philosopher and Political Thinker Born in Le Bréde, France January
18, 1689 Studied Law at the University of
Bordeaux MarriedWrote On the Spirit of the Laws
Montesquieu is most famous for his discussions on the need for a “separation of powers” in
government
Ideas
What is the “separation of power”?
Power must be separated…why?
What would a society look like if one person or group had all of the power (no separation of
power) and no one could challenge or “check” that power?
Is this a fair society? What would the
rights of the people be like?
Should there be limits on what
government can or can’t do?
FLREA Copyright 2012
How do we keep government from becoming too powerful?
Montesquieu argued that in order to keep a government from becoming too powerful: Power must be separated Power must be checked Power must be balanced
Photo from constitution.org
POWERPOWER
POWERPOWER
POWER POWER POWER
What if we separate and check power?
Someone makes the
laws
Someone else enforces
the laws
Someone else says what the
laws meanThe government
proposes and passes a curfew
of 10pm for those under the
age of 18. Penalty results
in fines or arrest.
The President approves the bill and
the City of Smithville’s police are instructed to
enforce the curfew. Police arrest a
student for riding their bike home at
10:30pm.
The student challenges the arrest
because they were coming home from
work. Does the law apply to those under 18 who
are coming home from work?
Legislative Branch
Executive Branch
Judicial Branch
Click Here to go back to Montesquieu’s Profile
Separation of powers-
Power is separated so no person or group becomes too powerful
FLREA Copyright 2012
The Founders were certain to include the separation of power in the Constitution when it was written in order to make sure no one was able to become too powerful What were they scared of?
Impact
They didn’t want to see something resembling a monarchy develop by giving one branch of government too much power.
• If you have your syllabus or folder, please get it out now.
• Get out your Foreign Influences Cornell notes.
• Get out a piece of paper. Put your name, date, and class period on it. Number it 1-5 without skipping lines.
ForeignInfluences
Magna Carta
Baron de Montesquieu
English Bill of Rights
John Locke
• Document• Written in 1215 by English nobles who
forced the King to sign it. • Big Idea: Limited government
• Document• Written in 1689 by English Parliament• Big idea: Extended rights to all English
citizens even those living in the American colonies
• British philosopher• Natural rights/natural law- rights
that all people have that cannot be taken from them. Such as life, liberty, and property.
• Social contract- an unwritten agreement between the people and their government. The people obey the government, the government protects the people.
Both ideas were used in the D.O.I.
• French philosopher and political thinker• Separation of powers- all power
should not be given to one person or group. Give different powers to different branches.
Idea used in the Constitution (the three branches).
3-2-13- ideas that influenced the development of our government2- documents that influences the development1- person that influenced the development of our government