germany and scotland
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Germany and Scotland. November 2010. Germany – another complex story!. Commitment to planning, with good planning being done all over, above all at local level. Other parts of system progressively less impressive as go upwards. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Germany and Scotland
November 2010
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Germany – another complex story!
• Commitment to planning, with good planning being done all over, above all at local level.
• Other parts of system progressively less impressive as go upwards.
• Federal state planning still some force, important in some cases for wind energy planning, strong on water framework directive plans.
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German federal planning 1
• Though not overall terribly impressive, there are messages.
• Great value of data and research, with well resourced national bodies like BBSR and ARL, continuing intelligence on what is happening to the country, especially on overall central European developments.
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German federal planning 2
• Also that even in “soft” form, some national framework making can have value – use to frame debates, to encourage pilot projects, spread good practice, link to the intelligence function (Leitbilder approaches of 1993, 1995 and 2006).
• Worthy of study, as the German soft mode is the maximum plausible in most countries.
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Spatial trends
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Transport Leitbild 1993
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2006 economy Leitbild
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North Sea German plan 2009
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German federal planning 3
• BUT – real weaknesses are apparent, and can infect any “soft” national approach.
• Federalism and federal weakness has torpedoed much chance of stronger transport and energy spatial policy making.
• Competitive regionalism often rules.• Liberalisation compounds this – energy and
transport companies left as the core powers.
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Large scale energy change
• No real forces guiding change beyond the four large energy corporations who control electricity transmission in Germany.
• No explicit federal level energy planning, though plenty of non spatial strategies for each sector.
• Makes long term linking up of generation and transmission, alongside renewable sources, very problematic.
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Energy company zones
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Germany energy generation
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Renewables variation
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Transmission lines development suggestions 2005
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German transport industry structure
• Rail run mainly by vertically integrated but private company, DB AG, which has majority of its profits now outside rail.
• Roads system run mainly by federal government, with historically high investment and planning.
• Ports and airports run by states and privately, with limited effective federal steering.
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German transport planning
• Bundesverkehrswegeplan is main instrument – federal transport plan, covering high level road and rail investment.
• But though allows expert and public overview every few years (last one 2003), has many drawbacks, and has often served as a machine for road building, with weak intermodal approach overall.
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Scotland – a fresh approach
• NPF1 in 2004 and NPF2 in 2009 show new thinking on national planning.
• Remains mostly light touch, to allow other actors lots of scope.
• But because is effectively at regional level, and with significant collective powers, can work as effective dialogue, not top down.
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NPF2 strategy diagram
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NPF2 economic development and community regeneration
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NPF2 transmission system reinforcements
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Scotland – NPF2 and the national designations
• NPF2 was statutory, and incorporates the projects seen as of national significance.
• 14 designated, on essentially political (cabinet) criteria.
• A novel way of deciding on major projects.
• But where a consensus does not exist, will still be problematic – example of campaign on coal fired Hunterston power station.
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Scotland national designations
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Judgement on new Scottish system
• Developing nicely, though a thin line as to whether is an effective guide to lower level planning – probably works because all so close – only 46 councils in Scotland.
• National designations not totally convincing, whether can be seen to be logically linked to the strategy.
• Whether the Dutch key national decision system might not be better, for the few genuinely national projects – e.g. second Forth crossing.
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Germany and Scotland
• Absolutely different contexts, but each has interesting features, one for the big country situation, one for the more regional scale.
• Scotland impressive on energy, which is high Scottish government priority.
• Scotland starting to show the value of national level planning, though plenty of scope for development.